考研考博-英語-寧夏藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寧夏藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.寫作題

Youarerequiredtowriteabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic“TheSignificanceoftheSpringFestivalGala”.

【答案】

TheSignificanceoftheSpringFestivalGala2.單選題

Somepeoplethinkthata（

）translation,orword-for-wordtranslation,iseasierthanafreetranslation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.literal

B.literary

C.liberal

D.linear

【答案】A

【解析】句意:一些人認(rèn)為直譯法，或逐字翻譯比意譯更容易。

考查形近詞辨析。Literal文字的，逐字逐句的;literary文學(xué)的,書面的;liberal自由主義的，慷慨的;linear線型的，直線的，線狀的。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞easierthanafreetranslation(比意譯更容易)可知這里是將直譯與其作對比,故選A。

3.單選題

Agoodwayto（）alanguageistoliveinthenativeculturewiththenativespeakers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.require

B.inquire

C.acquire

D.enquire

【答案】C

【解析】近義詞辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指學(xué)會一門語言。acquire指獲得某物或習(xí)得某一技能，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.單選題

Itishardtotellwhetherwearegoingtohaveaboomintheeconomyora（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.concession

B.submission

C.transmission

D.recession

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)concession“讓步，妥協(xié)”；B選項(xiàng)submission“屈服，投降，歸順”；C選項(xiàng)transmission“傳遞，傳播”；D選項(xiàng)recession“經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，經(jīng)濟(jì)萎縮”。由whether...or...（是……還是……）可知空格處與boom（繁榮）所表示的意思相反，因此選D。句意：很難判斷我們將迎來經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮還是衰退。

5.單選題

Ifnoonetakesthe（

）andplansforthetrip,wewillneverleavehome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.initial

B.initiative

C.original

D.beginning

【答案】B

【解析】taketheinitiative為固定搭配,意為“帶頭,采取主動”。句意:如果沒有人帶頭和計劃這次旅行,我們是不會離開家的。選項(xiàng)B正確。

6.單選題

IarrivedattheairportsolatethatI（）missedtheplane.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.only

B.quite

C.narrowly

D.seldom

【答案】C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)only表示“僅僅，只有”，B選項(xiàng)quite表示“相當(dāng)；非常；很”，C選項(xiàng)narrowly表示“狹窄地；勉強(qiáng)地，以毫厘之差，仔細(xì)地”，D選項(xiàng)seldom表示“很少，不?！薄Ｓ删湟饪芍?，我到飛機(jī)場非常晚，差點(diǎn)兒誤機(jī)。因此，只有C項(xiàng)最符合原句語境，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

Thismovieisnot______forchildrentosee:itcontainstoomuchviolenceandtoomanylovescenes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.profound

B.valid

C.decent

D.upright

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)profound“深厚的；意義深遠(yuǎn)的；淵博的”；B選項(xiàng)valid“有效的；有根據(jù)的；合法的；正當(dāng)?shù)摹保籆選項(xiàng)decent“正派的；得體的；相當(dāng)好的”；D選項(xiàng)upright“正直的，誠實(shí)的；垂直的，直立的；筆直的”。句意：這部電影不適合孩子們看：它包含太多的暴力和愛情場景。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemath’sexam,she（）muchbetterresultsnow.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldbegetting

B.couldhavegot

C.mustget

D.wouldget

【答案】D

【解析】句意:如果朱迪在數(shù)學(xué)考試中更加細(xì)心，那么，她現(xiàn)在就會得到更好的結(jié)果。

語法題。考查錯綜復(fù)雜虛擬語氣。前半句是省略了if的虛擬語氣，是對過去事實(shí)的虛擬，但是，后半句中表現(xiàn)出了時間“now現(xiàn)在”，故主句應(yīng)該是對現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬，則用“would/should+動詞原形”。

9.單選題

Thedevelopmentoftoothpastebeganaslongagoas3000/5000BCintheancientcountiesofChinaand304.AccordingtoChinesehistory,Huang-Ticlaimeddifferenttypesofpairfeltinthemouthcouldbecuredbystickinggoldandsilverneedlesintodifferentpartsofthejawandgum.Itwastheoriessuchasthesethatledtothedevelopmentofdentalcream.Duringtheyears3000/5000BC,Egyptiansmadetoothpasteusingarecipeofpowderedashesofhoovesofoxen,myrrh,powderedandburnedeggshellsandpumice.ItisassumedthattheancientEgyptiansusedtheirfingerstorubthemixtureontoteeth.

Thetooshtick,theforerunnerofthetoothbrushhadnot,asfarasisknown,beendiscoveredatthistime.FromtherecordsoftheancientcountriesofIndiaChinaandEgypt,itwastheGreeksandRomanswhodevelopedandimprovedtoothpasteanddevelopedaleadeninstrumentfortheextractionofteeth.Theywerealsothefirsttobindlooseteethtogetherandtosupportartificialteethbymeansofgoldwire.During1000AD,thePersians,gaveadviceonthedangersofusinghardtoothpowderandrecommendationsweremadetomaketoothpowderfromburnthart-shorn,theburntshellsofsnailsandoystersandburnedgypsum.

OtherPersianrecipesincludeddriedanimalparts,herbs,honeyandminerals.Oneformulaforstrengtheningteethincludedgreenlead,verdigris,incense,honeyandpowderedflint-stone.

Toothpowderordentifrice,wasfirstavailableinBritaininthelate18thcentury.Itcameinaceramicpotandwasavailableeitherasapowderorpaste.Therichapplieditwithbrushesandthepoorwiththeirfingers.Thepowdersweredevelopedbydoctors,dentistsandchemistsandoftencontainedingredientsthatwerehighlyabrasiveandharmfultotheteeth,suchasbrickdust,china,earthenwareorcuttlefish,andtomakethemmorepalatable,theycontainedglycerin.Bytheearlynineteenthcentury,theingredientstrontiumwasintroduced,tostrengthenteethandreducesensitivity,butitonlyreallyconcentratedonthegums.Inthelate18century,boraxwasintroducedintheU.S.andin,1896,DentalCreamwasfirstpackagedinpowderwasusedtogetthefoamingeffect.In1873,anaromatictoothpasteinajar:collapsibletubes.BeforetheSecondWorldWar,themajorityoftoothpasteonthemarketusedsoapasanemulsifyingagent,eventhoughitwasknownthatsoaphadcertaininherentdefects.

1.Whatisthemainsubjectofthepassage?

2.Theword"extraction"inline11refersto（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,itcanbeinferredthattheGreeksandRomans（

）.

4.TheauthormentionsthatthePersiansusedtoothpowdersforwhichpurposeotherthancleaningteeth?

5.Accordingtothepassage,strontiumwasmostusefulfor（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.methodsofcleaningteeth

B.methodsofcaringforteeth

C.developmentoftoothpaste

D.dentalhistory

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.cleaning

B.removal

C.replacement

D.brushing

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.alsodevelopedthetoothbrush

B.hadmoredentalproblemsthanotherculture

C.werethefirsttosupportartificialteeth

D.didnotkeeprecordsoftheirdentalpractices

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.strengthening

B.beautifying

C.coloring

D.extracting

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.concentratingonthegums

B.gettingafoamingeffect

C.reducingsensitivity

D.emulsifyingagent.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段主要介紹了牙膏出現(xiàn)的理論基礎(chǔ)以及古代牙膏的組成成分；第二段主要介紹了古代其他國家對牙膏的改進(jìn)；第三段簡要介紹了古代牙膏的配方；最后一段主要介紹了18世紀(jì)到19時間牙膏的改進(jìn)和發(fā)展，因此C選項(xiàng)“牙膏的發(fā)展”符合題意。

2.詞義題。A選項(xiàng)“清潔”；B選項(xiàng)“移動”；C選項(xiàng)“代替”；D選項(xiàng)“（用刷子）刷”根據(jù)題干信息“extraction”定位至文章第二段中，由itwastheGreeksandRomanswhodevelopedandimprovedtoothpasteanddevelopedaleadeninstrumentfortheextractionofteeth.（正是希臘人和羅馬人發(fā)明并改進(jìn)了牙膏，并研制出一種用于……牙的鉛儀器）可知B選項(xiàng)更符合語境，指拔牙的儀器。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息“GreeksandRomans”定位至文章第二段中，由Theywerealsothefirsttobindlooseteethtogetherandtosupportartificialteethbymeansofgoldwire.（他們也是第一個把松動的牙齒綁在一起，用金絲支撐人造牙齒的人）可知希臘人和羅馬人是第一個制作人造牙齒的人，因此選C。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Oneformulaforstrengtheningteethincludedgreenlead,verdigris,incense,honeyandpowderedflint-stone.（強(qiáng)化牙齒的配方包括綠鉛、紫草、熏香、蜂蜜和粉狀火石）可知波斯人的牙粉具有強(qiáng)化牙齒的作用，因此選A。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息“strontium”定位至文章最后一段中，由Bytheearlynineteenthcentury,theingredientstrontiumwasintroduced,tostrengthenteethandreducesensitivity,butitonlyreallyconcentratedonthegums.（在十九世紀(jì)初，，引入了鍶成分，以加強(qiáng)牙齒并降低敏感度，但它真正只集中在牙齦上）可知鍶有加強(qiáng)牙齒和降低敏感度的作用，因此選C。

10.單選題

Whatoursocietysuffersfrommosttodayistheabsenceofconsensusaboutwhatitandlifeinitoughttobe;suchconsensuscannotbegainedfromsociety'spresentstage,orfromfantasiesaboutwhatitoughttobe.Forthatthepresentistoocloseandtoodiversified,andthefuturetoouncertain,tomakebelievableclaimsaboutit.Aconsensusinthepresenthencecanbeachievedonlythroughasharedunderstandingofthepast,asHomer'sepicsinformedthosewholivedcenturieslaterwhatitmeanttobeGreek,andbywhatimagesandidealstheyweretolivetheirlivesandorganizetheirsocieties.

Mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistory,alanguagealltheirown,acommonreligion,commonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearebasedonallofthese.ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants,comingfromagreatvarietyofnations.Lately,ithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocial,narcissisticpersonalityhasbecomecharacteristicofAmericans,andthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelackofwell-being,becauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.Inthisstudyofnarcissism,ChristopherLashsaysthatmodernman,"torturedbyself-consciousnessturnstonewtherapiesnottofreehimselfofhispersonalworriesbuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlife,tofindsomethingtolivefor".Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclinedandwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose.

Contrarytorigidreligionsorpoliticalbeliefs,asarefoundintotalitariansocieties,ourcultureisoneofthegreatindividualdifferences,atleastinprincipleandintheorybutthisleadstodisunity,evenchaos.Americansbelieveinthevalueofdiversitybutjustbecauseoursisasocietybasedonindividualdiversity,itneedsconsensusaboutsomedominatingideasmorethansocietiesbasedonuniform,originoftheircitizens.Hence,ifwearetohaveconsensus,itmustbebasedonamyth—avisionaboutacommonexperience,aconquestthatmadeusAmericans,asthemythabouttheconquestofTroyformedtheGreeks,onlyacommonmythcanofferrelieffromthefearthatlifeiswithoutmeaningorpurpose.Mythspermitustoexamineourplaceintheworldbycomparingittoasharedidea.Mythsaresharedfantasiesthatform,thetiethatbindstheindividualtoothermembersofhisgroup.Suchmythshelptowardofffeelingsofisolations,guilt,anxiety,andpurposelessness—inshort,theycombatisolationandthebreakdownofsocialstandardsandvalues.

1.Intheeyesoftheauthor,thegreatesttroublewiththeUSsocietymayliein（

）.

2.TheasocialpersonalityofAmericansmaystemfrom（

）.

3.Homer'sepicsismentionedinParagraph1inorderto（

）.

4.Theword"consensus"isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

5.Theword"our"inSentence1,Paragraph3refersto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thenon-existenceofconsensusontheformsofthesocietyshouldtake

B.thelackofdivergenceoverthecommonorganizationsofsociallife.

C.thenon-acceptanceofasocietybasedonindividualdiversity

D.thepervasivedistresscausedbynationalmoraledecline.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theabsenceofacommonreligion

B.themultiracialconstituentsoftheUSsociety

C.thewantofsharedmythstheypossessinlife

D.thecounterbalancetonarcissisticpersonality

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.exemplifythecontributionsmadebyancientpoets

B.illustratetheroleofsharedfantasiesaboutsociety.

C.showanidealstageofeternalsocialprogress

D.makeknownmythsofwhatasocietyoughttobe

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.control

B.concern

C.agreement

D.consideration

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Trojan

B.totalitarian

C.Greek

D.American

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目所問的是“美國社會最大的麻煩可能在于什么？”文章第一段第一句話提到“我們社會最痛心的是缺乏對‘社會是什么’以及‘社會生活應(yīng)該是什么’這類問題的一致意見”（Whatoursocietysuffersfrommosttodayistheabsenceofconsensusaboutwhatitandlifeinitoughttobe）。選項(xiàng)A“對社會應(yīng)該采取什么樣的形態(tài)缺乏一致性”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問的是“美國人的社會人格來源于什么？”文章第二段第三句話提到“美國是一個來自各個國家的移民組成的國家”（ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants,comingfromagreatvarietyofnations）。選項(xiàng)B“美國社會由多種族組成”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目所問的是“第一段提到荷馬史詩的目的是什么？”文章第一段最后一句話提到“因此現(xiàn)在的一致性只有通過對過去共同的理解才能獲得，就像荷馬史詩告知后來的人一致性對于希臘來說意味著什么，他們是依靠什么樣的想象和理想來生活以及構(gòu)造社會的?！保ˋconsensusinthepresenthencecanbeachievedonlythroughasharedunderstandingofthepast,asHomer'sepicsinformedthosewholivedcenturieslaterwhatitmeanttobeGreek,andbywhatimagesandidealstheyweretolivetheirlivesandorganizetheirsocieties）。選項(xiàng)B“說明共同的幻想對社會的重要性”符合題意。

4.詞義題。題目所問的是“consensus與哪個詞的意思最接近？”consensus在文章中出現(xiàn)多次，文章第二段第一句話mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistory,alanguagealltheirown,acommonreligion,commonancestry，根據(jù)句子中的common這個詞可以猜測consensus的意思是一個與之相近的名詞。四個選項(xiàng)中的單詞意思分別為：control“控制”；concern“擔(dān)心，憂慮”；agreement“同意，一致”；consideration“考慮，原因”，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.詞義題。題目所問的是“‘our’指的是什么？”從文章第三段第二句話可以看出，本段主要講述的是美國社會的問題，因此，our指的是“美國”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

11.單選題

NomanhasbeenmoreharshlyjudgedthanMachiavelli,especiallyinthetwocenturiesfollowinghisdeath.Buthehassincefoundmanyablechampionsandthetidehasturned.Theprincehasbeentermedamanualfortyrants,theeffectofwhichhasbeenmostharmful.ButwereMachiavelli’sdoctrinesreallynew?Didhediscoverthem?Hemerelyhadthefranknessandcouragetowritedownwhateverybodywasthinkingandwhateverybodyknew.Hemerelygivesustheimpressionshehadreceivedfromalongandintimateintercoursewithprincesandtheaffairsofstate.ItwasLordBaconwhosaidthatMachiavellitellsuswhatprincesdo,notwhattheyoughttodo.WhenMachiavellitakesCaesarBorgiaasamodel,hedoesnotpraisehimasaheroatall,butmerelyasaprincewhowascapableofattainingtheendinview.Thelifeofthestatewastheprimaryobject.Itmustbemaintained.AndMachiavellihaslaiddowntheprinciples,baseduponhisstudyandwideexperience,bywhichthismaybeaccomplished.Hewrotefromtheviewpointofthepolitician—notofthemoralist.Whatisgoodpoliticsmaybebadmorals,andinfact,byastrangefatality,wheremoralsandpoliticsclash,thelattergenerallygetstheupperhand.AndwillanyonecontendthattheprinciplessetforthbyMachiavelliinhisPrinceorhisDiscourseshaveentirelyperishedfromtheearth?Hasdiplomacybeenentirelystrippedoffraudandduplicity?LetanyonereadthefamouseighteenthchapterofThePrince:“InwhatMannerPrincesshouldKeeptheirFaith.”andhewillbeconvincedthatwhatwastruenearlyfourhundredyearsago,isquiteastruetoday.

OftheremainingworksofMachiavellithemostimportantistheHistoryofFlorencewrittenbetween1521and1525,anddedicatedtoClementVII.ThisbookismerelyarapidreviewoftheMiddleAges,andaspartofitthehistoryofFlorence.Machiavelli’smethodhasbeencriticizedforadheringattimestoocloselytothechroniclersofhistime,andatothersrejectingtheirtestimonywithoutapparentreason,whileinitsdetailstheauthorityofhisHistoryisoftenquestionable.Itisthestraightforward,logicalnarrative,whichalwaysholdstheinterestofthereader,thatisthegreatestcharmoftheHistory.

36.Itcanbeinferredfromthebeginningofthetextthat______.

37.LordBacon’sremarksonMachiavelliisquotedas______.

38.InthecaseofCaesarBorgiatheauthorholdsthat______.

39.Accordingtotheauthor,apolitician’smorality______.

40.Theauthor’sopiniononMachiavelli’sHistoryofFlorenceisthat______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.manypeopleusedtothinkhighlyofMachiavelli

B.Machiavellihadbeenveryinfluentialamongtherulers

C.Machiavelliwaswidelyreadamonghiscontemporaries

D.Machiavellihasbeenatargetofcriticismthroughouthistory

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.asupportfortheauthor’sviewpoint

B.oneofthemainstreamviewonhim

C.ajudgmentinsupportofmostcritics

D.amodificationoftheauthor’spreviousstarts

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Machiavellihasbeenobjective

B.Machiavellirevealedhispersonality

C.CaesarBorgiawasadeservedmodel

D.MachiavelliovervaluedCaesarBorgia

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.isnomatchforhispoliticalambition

B.hasbeenundervaluedbyMachiavelliandhislikes

C.isusuallyofsecondaryimportance

D.shouldbetakenasayardstickofhisinability

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.historyhasmuchtodowiththepersonwhorecordsit

B.thecharmliesinthestyleratherthaninthecontent

C.mostpeoplefailedtoreadMachiavelli’sintentioninit

D.anyhistoryofthiskindshouldbewritteninthisway

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】36.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一句NomanhasbeenmoreharshlyjudgedthanMachiavelli,especiallyinthetwocenturiesfollowinghisdeath.（沒人比馬基雅維利所遭受的批判更嚴(yán)酷了，尤其是在他死后的兩個世紀(jì)以內(nèi)。），說明馬基雅維利在歷史上一直都是人們批判的對象。因此D選項(xiàng)“馬基雅維利在歷史上一直是被批判的對象”正確。A選項(xiàng)“過去很多人對馬基雅維利的評價很高”，B選項(xiàng)“馬基雅維利在統(tǒng)治者中的影響很大”，C選項(xiàng)“馬基雅維利在同時代人中閱讀量很大”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，B，C錯誤。

37.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者在說明馬基雅維利一直受到嚴(yán)厲批判后指出Buthehassincefoundmanyablechampionsandthetidehasturned.（但是，他從此鑄造了許多能干的斗士，潮流也從此逆轉(zhuǎn)了。），接著說《君主論》成了暴君的指南，后果極其有害。然后，作者提出了兩個問題并進(jìn)行了回答，提出了自己的觀點(diǎn)：馬基雅維利的觀點(diǎn)并非獨(dú)創(chuàng)，他只是將自己的印象記錄下來，敢于將大家都知道的東西寫下來而已。接著引用培根的話ItwasLordBaconwhosaidthatMachiavellitellsuswhatprincesdo,notwhattheyoughttodo.（馬基雅維利告訴我們君主所做的事，而不是他們應(yīng)該做的事。），說明馬基雅維利只是告訴人們君主所做的事情，而非君主應(yīng)當(dāng)如何去做。這和作者的觀點(diǎn)是一致的，作者引用的目的是為了支持自己的觀點(diǎn)。因此A選項(xiàng)“是對作者觀點(diǎn)的支持”正確。B選項(xiàng)“對他的主流觀點(diǎn)之一”，C選項(xiàng)“支持大多數(shù)批評者的判斷”，D選項(xiàng)“對作者上文的開頭進(jìn)行了修改”均不符合作者的行文邏輯，所以B，C，D錯誤。

38.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。在第一段中作者舉了凱撒?博魯吉亞的例子，說明hedoesnotpraisehimasaheroatall,butmerelyasaprincewhowascapableofattainingtheendinview.（他完全沒有把他贊美成英雄，而是僅僅說他作為一個君主，能夠達(dá)到自己想要的目的。），“英雄”是主觀看法，“君主”是客觀事實(shí)，說明作者認(rèn)為馬基雅維利是客觀記述而不是主觀判斷。所以A選項(xiàng)“馬基雅維利的觀點(diǎn)是客觀的”正確。B選項(xiàng)“馬基雅維利揭示了自己的個性”，C選項(xiàng)“凱撒?博魯吉亞是當(dāng)之無愧的楷?！?，D選項(xiàng)“馬基雅維利高估了凱撒?博魯吉亞的價值”在文中均沒有提及，所以B，C，D錯誤。

39.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第四句Whatisgoodpoliticsmaybebadmorals,andinfact,byastrangefatality,wheremoralsandpoliticsclash,thelattergenerallygetstheupperhand.（政治上的好事從道德方面看可能是壞事，事實(shí)上很奇怪的是，當(dāng)?shù)赖潞驼伟l(fā)生沖突時，往往后者會占據(jù)上風(fēng)。），說明政治家往往會認(rèn)為政治比道德更重要。因此C選項(xiàng)“道德通常是次要的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“與他的政治野心不相稱”，B選項(xiàng)“被馬基雅維利及其同類人低估了價值”，D選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)作為衡量他是否有能力的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，B，D錯誤。

40.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Itisthestraightforward,logicalnarrative,whichalwaysholdstheinterestofthereader,thatisthegreatestcharmoftheHistory.（它直接的、有邏輯的敘述常常能引起讀者的興趣，這就是他這本書的魅力所在。），說明作者認(rèn)為這本書的魅力之處在于它的敘述風(fēng)格。因此B選項(xiàng)“魅力在于風(fēng)格而不在于內(nèi)容”正確。A選項(xiàng)“歷史與記錄歷史的人有很大的關(guān)系”，C選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)人沒有讀懂馬基雅維利在其中的意圖”，D選項(xiàng)“任何這類歷史都應(yīng)該這樣寫”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，C，D錯誤。

12.單選題

Over-taxation,manyargue,impedesinitiative,sothatgovernmentincomemayactually（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mushroom

B.capsize

C.shrink

D.dispel

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。mushroom“迅速增加；迅速生長”；capsize“傾覆；翻覆”；shrink“收縮；畏縮”；dispel"驅(qū)逐；消除（煩惱等）”。句意：很多人認(rèn)為稅收過重會打擊進(jìn)取心，因而政府的收入可能會減少。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.單選題

“JimmywantstostayupandwatchanoldmovieonTV.”“Teno’clockis（）foraboyofhisagetostayup.”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atoolatehour

B.toolateanhour

C.verymuchlateanhour

D.asolatehour

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。toolateforsb.todosth是固定搭配，表示“對某人來說做什么事太晚了”。句意：吉米想要熬夜看電視上的一部老電影。十點(diǎn)鐘對他這個年齡的孩子來說太晚了。其中anhour是Teno’clock的定語，不可將其分開，用來修飾10點(diǎn)鐘這個特定的時間段。同理可排除AD。C選項(xiàng)中的verymuch不能用來修飾late。選B。

14.單選題

Allthatdaymyfatherwasin____ashehadlosthiswallet.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.greatanxiety

B.ambition

C.illhumor

D.hospitality

【答案】A

【解析】考查上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)greatanxiety“非常焦慮”；B選項(xiàng)ambition“雄心；野心”；C選項(xiàng)illhumor“怒氣；不悅”；D選項(xiàng)hospitality“熱情；好客”。句意：那一整天，我父親都____好像他丟了錢包一樣。根據(jù)句意，丟了錢包的人應(yīng)該是焦慮，著急的，A選項(xiàng)greatanxiety最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

15.單選題

The（

）ofelectroniccomputershasopenedupnewwaysofdataanalysisforthescientists.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advert

B.adverse

C.advent

D.advise

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)advert作名詞表示“廣告，宣傳”，作不及物動詞表示“引起注意，提到”；B選項(xiàng)adverse“不利的，有害的”是形容詞；C選項(xiàng)advent“（重要事件、人物、發(fā)明等的）出現(xiàn)，到來”是名詞；D選項(xiàng)advise“勸告，忠告，建議”是動詞。由“the+名詞+of”及句意可知選C。句意：電子計算機(jī)的出現(xiàn)為科學(xué)家們開辟了新的數(shù)據(jù)分析方法。

16.單選題

Hewasinterestedonlyinthestoryandskippedallthosepassagesoflandscapedescription.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thoughtbadlyof

B.wentover

C.wentthrough

D.passedover

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞和詞組辨析。skip“跳過；遺漏”；A選項(xiàng)thinkbadlyof“認(rèn)為……不好”；B選項(xiàng)goover“復(fù)習(xí)；仔細(xì)檢查”；C選項(xiàng)gothrough“參加；經(jīng)受；仔細(xì)檢查；通過”；D選項(xiàng)passover“越過；忽略；寬??；回避”。句意：他僅僅對這個故事感興趣，因此他跳過了所有那些描述風(fēng)景的段落。由“Hewasinterestedonlyinthestory他僅僅對這個故事感興趣”可推斷出skip在這里有“跳過”的意思，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

17.寫作題

Moreandmorepeoplearerealizingthefactthatstudentsofhumanityandartcanbenefitthemselvesalotbyattendingtoscienceorengineeringcourse,andthestudentsofscienceandengineeringcanprofitbyreferringtohumanitydisciplinessuchasliterature,linguistics,history,andartsetcTheimportanceoftherelationshipbetweenartandscienceisknowntoallofus,thoughsomemanyvoicedifferentopinions.Buthowtorelatesciencetoartisabigquestionforstudents.Nowpleasegiveyourstanceorposeasaresearcherinyourareainlightofrelatingarttoscienceifyouareacceptedasapostgraduatestudent.

Youshouldsupplyatitleforyourarticlewhichshouldbeabout300wordsinlength.Inthefirstpartofyourarticleyoushouldstateclearlyyourmainargument,andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.

Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.

【答案】ScienceandArt18.單選題

Inrecentyearstherehasbeenmuchtalkofa“renaissance”inAmericanmanufacturing.Afewthingsseemedtobeonthesideofthemakers.Forinstance,untilrecentlythedollarwasweak,Americanwageswerestagnant,butthoseinChinawerebooming.Cheapshaleoilandgasgavefactoriesaboost.Butaswearguedrecently,talkingofarenaissanceisoverblown.Andfewfigure,releasedtoday,addtothemountingpileofevidencesayingthatmanufacturinggrowthisstartingtoslow.

WearguedbeforethatalthoughtherehasbeenarecoveryinAmericanmanufacturinginrecentyears,itisnotasustainableone.Employmentinthesectorisstilllowerthanbeforethecrash.Soisoneimportantmeasureofoutput:realvalueadded.Inshort,Americahasnotgotbetteratproducingstuff.

Also,muchoftherecoveryinAmericanmanufacturingseemstobebasedonacyclicalboomin“durable”goods—thingsthatyouexpecttolastalongtime,likecarsandfridges.Duringtherecession,ordersfordurablegoodsplunged.That’sbecauseitisquiteeasytoputoffsuchpurchases.Bycontrast,itismoredifficulttoputoffpurchasesofnon-durablegoods,likemedicines,becausepeopletendtoconsumethemmorefrequently.

Aftertherecession,productionofdurablegoodssoared.Cheapcredit,forinstance,spurreddemandfornewmotorsandrapidgrowthincar-making.Thatsectoraccountedforoverathirdofthedurablegrowthfrom2009to2013.Yetarecoverybasedonafewdurableindustriesisunsustainable.Thisisbecausewhenpent-updemandissatisfied,afewbigindustrieswillsuffer.Overalloutputislikelytostall.

Newdataconfirmthisprediction.Ordersfordurablegoodsfellby1.4%inFebruary.Motor-vehicleordersfellby0.5%.Itispossiblethattherecentbadweatherhashadaneffecthere.Butitmaybeasignofsomethingmoretroubling.AseconomistsatCapitalEconomics,aconsultancy,argue,“themoregeneralmalaisestartedbackintheautumnoflastyear.Indeed,coreordershavenowfallenineverymonthsincelastOctober.”

Inrecentmonths,non-durablegoodshavealsofallenquiterapidly.Whatexplainsallthis?Theobviousculpritisthestrongdollar.Becauseitmakesmanufacturingexports(whichaccountforroughlyhalfofAmerica’stotal)moreexpensive.Alternatively,itmaybebecauseconsumersarestartingtopullbackonspending.InJanuary,consumercreditgrewattheslowestpaceinoverayear,accordingtorecentdatafromtheFederalReserve.Inrecentmonthsconsumerconfidencehasdroppedabit.Andcompaniesmaynotbesoconfident,either,andarethusnotinthemoodtoaddtocapitalstock,saysStevenRicchiutoofMizuhoSecurities,aninvestmentbank.ThisdoesnotbodewellforAmericanmanufacturingor,indeed,foreconomicgrowthoverall.

1.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttherecoveryinAmericanmanufacturing?

2.Inwhatsense“durable”goodscannotboostsustainableeconomicgrowth?

3.HowcanweunderstandtheremarksofeconomistsatCapitalEconomics?

4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

5.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardstheoutlookofAmericamanufacturing?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itmaybeputtoanendsoon.

B.Itismerelyanillusion.

C.Itisabouncebeforebreakdown.

D.Itlacksessentialsupport.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarenotfast-consumeddailynecessities.

B.Theytendtobeinfluencedbybankingpolicy.

/r/