考研考博-英語-哈爾濱金融學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-哈爾濱金融學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Mathsandsciencecertainlyunderpinmanyinnovations.Indeed,theyarethebasisformuchofmodernsociety,fromthegadgetspeopleusetothewaysinwhichpeopleinteractwithoneanotherandthewayinwhichtheythink.Socloseistherelationshipthatpoliticiansseekingtopersuadevotersthattheyarepromotingeconomicgrowthuse"science"and"innovation"almostinterchangeably.Butlaudableasitisinitsownright,doespromotingmathsandsciencerepresentthebestwaytostimulatefutureinnovation?

ChrisBudd,anappliedmathematicianatBathUniversityinBritain,pointstothemathematicalfoundationsofthecommercialworld:theinternet,computers,mobilephones,modernmedicineandeventransportsystems.Theseemploybranchesofmathematicsthatwereconsideredobscureuntilrecentlybuthavefoundapplicationsinareassuchasbuildingsearchengines,heargues.Itisdifficulttopredictwhichnewscientificadvancewillgenerateneweconomicactivitybutscienceneverthelessboostsproductivity.Andasgovernmentshavesoughttopromotebusiness,theyhaveencourageduniversitiestoestablishspin-offcompaniesandtobuildpartnershipswithotherfledglingorganizationsseekingtodevelopnewproductsandnewprocesses,whichhashelpedtogeneratewealth.

Thatmayallbetrue,butitisnotsufficient,saysChrisTrimble,whoco-wrote"TheOtherSideofInnovation:SolvingtheExecutionChallenge"withVijayGovindarajan,bothofwhomconductresearchintoinnovationatTuckSchoolofBusinessatDartmouthCollegeinAmerica.Ofcoursemathsandsciencecanstimulatefutureinnovation,butpromotingthesedisciplinesisnotnecessarilythebestwayofbringingaboutchange.Hecitestargetedincentives,publicandprivatespendingand—mostimportantly,inhisview—bettermanagementasmorepowerfulalternatives.Itismanagementeducationnottechnicaleducationthatislacking,heargues.Thereisasurfeitofbrightideasbutnotenoughwherewithaltoimplementthem.

Yettheabilitytocreatewealthnotonlydependsonusingtoolsthatwerescientificallydesigned;italsorequirespeopletothinkbothcreativelyandincold,calculatingways.TomisquoteThomasEdison,innovationis1%inspirationand99%perspiration.Timethen,mentally,torollupyoursleeves.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wemayknowthatmanyinnovations（

）.

2.Theworld“l(fā)audable”inPara.1probablymeant

（

）.

3.“It”inPara.1(thelastsentence)mayreferto

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaboutChrisBudd?

5.ToChrisTrimble,educationofmathsandscience（

）.

問題1選項

A.areengenderedbymathsandscience

B.bringconvenientlifetomodernpeople

C.countmostforpoliticianstogainvotes

D.leaddirectlytoworldeconomicgrowth

問題2選項

A.understandable

B.praiseworthy

C.believable

D.feasible

問題3選項

A.modernsociety

B.promotionofeconomy

C.scienceandinnovation

D.importanceofmathsandscience

問題4選項

A.HeworksinaBritishuniversityasanappliedmathematician.

B.Hefirmlybelievesthatmathematicswillgenerateneweconomicactivity.

C.Hemaythinkthatitislogicaltoexpectinnovationstocomeoutofuniversities.

D.Hearguesforthepromotionofmathsandsciencetofosterfutureinnovations.

問題5選項

A.provessufficienttostimulatefutureinnovation

B.meanslittlecomparedwithtargetedincentives

C.islessimportantthanmanagementeducation

D.servesastheunderpinningofeconomicproductivity

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中Mathsandsciencecertainlyunderpinmanyinnovations.Indeed,theyarethebasisformuchofmodernsociety,fromthegadgetspeopleusetothewaysinwhichpeopleinteractwithoneanotherandthewayinwhichtheythink.（數(shù)學和科學無疑是許多創(chuàng)新的基礎。事實上，它們是現(xiàn)代社會的基礎，從人們使用的小工具到人們相互交流和思考的方式）可知A選項“由數(shù)學和科學產生”符合題意。

第2題:詞義題。understandable意為“能懂的，可理解的”；praiseworthy意為“值得稱贊的，值得表揚的”；believable意為“可信的”；feasible意為“可行的”。由Butlaudableasitisinitsownright（數(shù)學和科學對于創(chuàng)新很重要，盡管這值得稱贊）可知選B。

第3題:詞義題。文章第一段開篇就提出數(shù)學和科學支撐著很多創(chuàng)新，它們是現(xiàn)代社會的基礎，因此可以推測主要是講述數(shù)學與科學的重要性，故選D。

第4題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關鍵此詞ChrisBudd定位至文章第二段，由Itisdifficulttopredictwhichnewscientificadvancewillgenerateneweconomicactivitybutscienceneverthelessboostsproductivity.（很難預測哪一項新的科學進步會產生新的經濟活動，但科學卻能提高生產力）可知B選項“他堅信數(shù)學將產生新的經濟活動”表述過于絕對，不符合原句表達的含義。

第5題:觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞ChrisTrimble定位至文章第三段，由Ofcoursemathsandsciencecanstimulatefutureinnovation,butpromotingthesedisciplinesisnotnecessarilythebestwayofbringingaboutchange.Hecitestargetedincentives,publicandprivatespendingand—mostimportantly,inhisview—bettermanagementasmorepowerfulalternatives.Itismanagementeducationnottechnicaleducationthatislacking,heargues.（當然，數(shù)學和科學可以刺激未來的創(chuàng)新，但推廣這些學科并不一定是帶來變革的最佳方式。他列舉了有針對性的公共和私人激勵措施。在他看來，支出——最重要的是——更好的管理是更有力的替代方案。他認為，缺乏的是管理教育，而不是技術教育）可知選C。

2.翻譯題

Beingunhappyislikeaninfectiousdisease.Itcausespeopletoshrinkawayfromthesufferer.Hesoonfindshimselfalonemiserable.Thereis,however,acuresosimpleastoseem,atfirstglance,ridiculous:ifyoudon’tfeelhappy,pretendtobe!

Itworks.Beforelongyouwillfindthatinsteadofpushingpeopleaway,youattractthem.Youdiscoverhowdeeplyrewardingitistobethecenterofwiderandwidercirclesofgoodwill.

Thenthemake-believebecomesareality.Beinghappy,onceitisrealizedasadutyestablishedasahabit,opensdoorsintounimaginablegardensfilledwithgratefulfriends.

【答案】不開心就像一種傳染病。它使人們對不快樂的人敬而遠之。不快樂的人很快就會發(fā)覺自己既孤獨又悲慘，充滿怨恨。但是，有一種乍一看似乎荒謬可笑，實際卻非常簡單的治愈方法，那就是：如果你不快樂，那就假裝快樂吧!

這個辦法的確行之有效。不久你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，你不再排斥別人，而是開始吸引他們。你會發(fā)現(xiàn)被越來越多善意的人們包圍的感覺是多么的值得！

于是，假裝的變成了真實的。一旦快樂被認為是一種責任并成為一種習慣，它就會向我們敞開一扇好友云集的通向奇妙花園的大門。

3.單選題

Fiveyearsago,thatcoupleboughtthehouse（）_makingaquickprofitoutofit.

問題1選項

A.witheyesopento

B.ingoodeyesat

C.withaneyeto

D.byaneyeat

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析。withaneyeto“著眼于，指望著”為固定搭配。沒有A、B和D項的搭配，可排除。句意：五年前，那對夫婦買下這所房子，希望能很快從中獲利。選項C符合題意。

4.單選題

Itistruethat（

）awildplantintoamajorfoodcropsuchaswheatrequiresmuchresearchtime.

問題1選項

A.multiplying

B.breeding

C.magnifying

D.generation

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。multiply意為“乘”；breed意為“飼養(yǎng)，培育(動植物)”；magnify意為“放大”；generation作名詞時，意為“產生，繁殖”。

句意：將野生植物培育成小麥等主要糧食作物需要進行大量的研究，這一點是千真萬確的。

5.單選題

Jimhadto（）allhisskill（）todefeathistennisopponent.

問題1選項

A.call…intoplay

B.call...tomind

C.call…toattention

D.oaction

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項，沒有oplay的搭配，B選項callsthtomind“想起，記起”；C選項，沒有callsth.toattention的搭配，callattentiontosth.“提醒，喚起注意”D選項oaction“將某事付諸行動”。句意：吉姆不得不使出渾身解數(shù)來擊敗他的網球對手。由選項意思和句意可知，D選項符合句意。

6.填空題

Onceinsidethevirtualclassroom,youhaveaccesstoachatfeature,an________whiteboardandavideowindowwheretheycanseeandhearthetutorinlivevideoandaudio.(interact)

【答案】interactive

【解析】【考查點】形容詞。

【解題思路】橫線部分和white修飾board，指的是用來上課的交互式白板，interactive意思為“交互式的”，符合語境。

【句意】一旦進入虛擬教室，你就可以使用聊天功能、交互式白板和視頻窗口，學生就可以看到導師的實時視頻，聽到音頻。

7.翻譯題

現(xiàn)在我們正面臨著一項嚴峻的挑戰(zhàn)：全球變暖。地球氣候持續(xù)惡化，正在演變成一場事關緊要的戰(zhàn)爭，而從任何一個方面來看，美國正在輸?shù)暨@場戰(zhàn)爭。美國每年釋放的溫室氣體約占全球總量的25%，并聲稱它不打算采取任何減排措施。困難還在于，即使絕大多數(shù)人認為氣候變化是個全球性的緊急事件，如何解決這個問題很難達成共識。工業(yè)界提出自己的方案，可惜這些方案通常解決不了什么問題。環(huán)保主義者也獻策，可惜他們的方案往往過于天真，以至于會嚴重阻礙美國社會和經濟的發(fā)展。但是一個宏大而有效的方案到底是什么樣的呢？如何才能讓我們同時擁有安全的環(huán)境和良好的經濟增長？

然而，只要我們能制定出可行的戰(zhàn)略，將短期措施和長遠目標結合起來，將務實精神和雄心壯志結合起來，我們就能做到既不損害經濟，又幫助遏制氣候變化帶來的最壞影響，并保證我們的后代在這個世界上能生存下來。要實現(xiàn)這個目標，最需要的是決心和意志。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Nowweareconfrontedwithaformidablechallenge:globalwarming.TheglobalclimategoesondeterioratingandisevolvingintoacrucialwartheUnitedStatesislosingfromanyperspective.Everyyear,theUnitedStatesemitsnearly25%oftheglobalgreenhousegasesandclaimsthatithasnointentionoftakinganyemission-reductionmeasures.Thedifficultyalsoliesinthefactthateventheoverwhelmingmajorityofpeopleconsidertheclimatechangetobeaglobalemergency,itisverydifficulttofindacommomgroundastohowtosolvethoseproblems.Theindustrialworldhascomeupwithschemes,whichunfortunatelyarenotsolutionstoproblems.Environmentalistsalsosuggestwaysandmeans,butregrettablytheirschemesaresonaivethattheymayhinderthesocialandeconomicdevelopmentoftheUnitedStates.Butwhatonearthisagrandandeffectiveschemelike?Howcanwepossessbothasafeenvironmentandafantasticeconomicgrowth?

However,aslongasweworkoutfeasibletactics,combineshort-termmeasureswithlong-termgoals,integratepracticalspiritwithambition,wecannotonlyprotecteconomybutalsohelpholdbacktheworsteffectscausedbyclimatechangesandensurethatourdescendentssurviveintheworld.Torealizethisgoal,whatweneedmostisdeterminationandwill.

8.單選題

Whatthecorrespondentsentusisan（

）newsreport.Wecandependonit.

問題1選項

A.evident

B.authentic

C.ultimate

D.immediate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。evident明顯的；authentic真實的，可靠的；ultimate最終的，最后的；immediate即刻的。句意：那位記者發(fā)給我們的是一份內容真實的新聞報道。我們可以相信它。由dependon可推知該信息報道是真實的，答案B。

9.問答題

Thepatientneededaspinaltap,andaseniorattendingphysicianaskedamedicalresidentwhetherapreparatorybloodtesthadbeenchecked.Themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearhimanswerintheaffirmative,becauseshewasquitecertainithadnotbeenchecked.

(1)Well,almostcertain.

Doctorsintrainingsometimesconfrontsituationsinwhichtheyworrythattheirsupervisingphysiciansaremakingmistakesorbendingthetruth.(2)Yeteventhoughsuchactscanjeopardizepatients,theinclinationandabilityofyoungdoctorstospeakupishamperedbythehierarchiesinteachinghospitals.

Onthetopweretheseniorphysicianswhomaderoundsonthewardsonceortwicedaily.Nextweretheoverworkedresidents,whoessentiallylivedinthehospitalwhiletraining.(3)Lastwerethemedicalstudentswhoweremostassuredlyatthebottomoftheheap.

Thestudentwhoseresidentseeminglyliedtotheattendingphysicianaboutthebloodtestdidnotspeakup.Theresidentwasagooddoctor,shesaid,andsoshehadgivenhimthebenefitofthedoubt.And,sheadded,boththeresidentandtheattendingphysicianwouldbegradingher.

Whatshouldamedicalstudentdoinsuchasituation?Onepossibilityistotakethematterupwithamoreseniordoctor.Orthestudentmightgodirectlytothepatientorfamily,tellingthemthatthephysicianshaveagenuinedisagreementandthattheydeservetoknowaboutit.

Theseoptionsseemlogicalonpaper.AstheethicistJamesDwyerhaswritteninTheHastingsCenterReport,“Thepracticeofalwayskeepingquietisafailureofcaring.”(4)Butintherealworld,itmaybeextremelydifficulttogoupthechainofcommand.

Fortunately,medicaleducatorsareincreasinglyrecognizingthedilemmasthatdoctorsintrainingconfrontwhentheywitnessbehaviorthatmakesthemuncomfortable.(5)Studentsandresidentsarenowexpectedtoprovideroutinefeedback—positiveandnegative—abouttheirsupervisingphysiciansatthecloseoftheirrotation.

Ofcourse,physiciansandstudentsneedtobeeducatedabouthowtogivefeedbackinprofessionalandnon-confrontationalways.Medicaleducatorsareonlynowbeginningtoteachthisskill.Still,itwillbehardtochangetheunfortunateperceptionthatconstructivefeedback,evenforapatient’sbenefit,iswhistle-blowing.

【答案】答：

1.Almostcertainly,themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearsuchananswerfromhissupervisor.

2.Theinclinationandabilityofyoungdoctorstospeakupisstoppedbythehospitalhierarchies,despiteappearanceofmistakesbysupervisingphysicians.

3.Atthebottomofhierarchywerethosemedicalstudentsassuredly.

4.Butinrealhospitalenvironment,itisratherdifficultformedicalstudentstogiveacommand.

5.Medicalstudentsandresidentsshouldmakeregularfeedbackabouttheirsupervisingphysicians,positivelyandnegativelyattheendoftheirrotation.

【解析】1.原文句意是：嗯，幾乎可以肯定。原文這一句是對上文的肯定，上文提到Themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearhimanswerintheaffirmative,becauseshewasquitecertainithadnotbeenchecked.（學醫(yī)的學生聽到他的回答很吃驚，因為她很肯定沒有經過檢查），所以改寫的時候需要結合上文的內容來進行擴充，故改寫為Almostcertainly,themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearsuchananswerfromhissupervisor（幾乎可以肯定的是，醫(yī)學院的學生聽到他的導師這樣的回答感到很震驚）。

2.原文句意是：然而，即使這樣的行為可能危及病人，但教學醫(yī)院的等級制度阻礙了年輕醫(yī)生發(fā)言的傾向和能力。前半句是讓步狀語從句，并且actscanjeopardizepatients指的是作為指導醫(yī)生，他們的錯誤行為危害到病人的健康，所以可以改寫為despiteappearanceofmistakesbysupervisingphysicians（盡管指導醫(yī)生出現(xiàn)了一些錯誤）；后半句中的hamper可以用stop來替代，所以句子改寫為Theinclinationandabilityofyoungdoctorstospeakupisstoppedbythehospitalhierarchies,despiteappearanceofmistakesbysupervisingphysicians（醫(yī)院的等級制度阻止了年輕醫(yī)生說話的傾向和能力，盡管指導醫(yī)生出現(xiàn)了一些錯誤）。

3.原文句意是：最后，處于等級最下層的肯定是這些醫(yī)學生。atthebottomoftheheap（在底層）指的是等級制度的底層，所以可以改寫為atthebottomofhierarchy；另外who引導的定語從句是修飾強調的，所以句式可以精簡，故這個句子可改寫為Atthebottomofhierarchywerethosemedicalstudentsassuredly（在等級制度的最底層肯定是那些醫(yī)科學生）。

4.原文句意是：但在現(xiàn)實世界中，要爬上指揮鏈可能極其困難。根據(jù)文章語境，inrealworld（在現(xiàn)實世界中）指的就是在醫(yī)院環(huán)境中，而thechainofcommand（指揮鏈）的對象指的則是位于底層的醫(yī)學生；故該句子可以改寫為Butinrealhospitalenvironment,itisratherdifficultformedicalstudentstogiveacommand（但在現(xiàn)實的醫(yī)院環(huán)境中，醫(yī)學生想要得到指揮權是相當困難的）。

5.原文句意是：學生和住院醫(yī)師現(xiàn)在被要求在輪班結束時對他們的指導醫(yī)生提供常規(guī)的正面和負面反饋。routine（常規(guī)的）可以改為regular（定期的，普通的）；positiveandnegative在原文中是作為插入語使用，所以可以改為positivelyandnegatively；故該句可改寫為Medicalstudentsandresidentsshouldmakeregularfeedbackabouttheirsupervisingphysicians,positivelyandnegativelyattheendoftheirrotation（醫(yī)學生和住院醫(yī)師應該在輪崗結束時，定期對他們的指導醫(yī)生做出正面和負面反饋）。

10.單選題

Hecomplicatedwiththerequirementthatallgraduatestudentsineducation（

）athesis.

問題1選項

A.write

B.writing

C.towrite

D.bewriting

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。在英語中，表示“命令、建議、愿望、要求”等的詞（不管是動詞、名詞、形容詞）之后的從句用should+動詞原詞，而且should可以省略。句中的requirement表示“要求”，其后是由that引導的同位語從句，因此選A。句意：他把教育中所有研究生都要寫論文的要求復雜化了。

11.單選題

Lovedoesnot________gazingateachother,butinlookingtogetherinthesamedirection.

問題1選項

A.phasein

B.fadein

C.givein

D.consistin

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.phasein逐步采用，逐步到位B.fadein漸顯，漸強

C.givein讓步，投降D.consistin在于，存在于

【考查點】動詞詞組辨析。

【解題思路】由but可知，前后兩個分句之間存在轉折的邏輯關系，后半句說到“而在于注視著同一個方向（inthesamedirection）”，與其相對的是“注視彼此（eachother）”，本句表達的是愛情的意義和特點，即愛情是什么，在于什么。consistin指作為基本或主要部分和特征，因此D選項consistin“在于，存在于”最符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項phasein“逐步采用，逐步到位”指在一段時間內逐漸開始使用某物或做某事，通常使用被動語態(tài)，且不符合題干的語義邏輯；

B選項fadein“漸顯，漸強”指變得更清楚或更大聲，后面不接動詞，且不符合題干的語義邏輯；

C選項givein“讓步，投降”指接受一直在抵制或反對的事情，后面不接動詞，且不符合題干的語義邏輯。

【句意】愛情不在于彼此凝視，而在于注視著同一個方向。

12.單選題

America’sCongresspassedahousingbillthatincludesmeasurestoshoreupFannieMaeandFreddieMac,twotroubledmortgagegiants.

問題1選項

A.censure

B.imprecate

C.upbraid

D.bolster

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項censure“嚴厲斥責，正式譴責”；B選項imprecate“詛咒；祈求”；C選項upbraid“責罵；訓斥”；D選項bolster“支持，支撐；給（座位）加軟墊；改善，鞏固；增強，激勵”。句意：美國國會通過了一項住房法案，其中包括支持房利美和房地美這兩個陷入困境的抵押貸款巨頭的措施。shoreup“支持，支撐；加固”。D選項與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項正確。

13.單選題

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).

Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongasacleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsscientistscontinuetoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.

Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable;hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.

Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisarmedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes—forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse.Suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.

Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationsofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveryofonebitofinformationopensthedoortothediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago;however,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.

46.Todefinesciencewemaysimplycallit______.

47.Purescience,leadingtotheconstructionofamicroscope,______.

48.Ascientistinterestedinaddingtoourgeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallhisapproach______.

49.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorimply?

50.Thebesttitleforthepassageis______.

問題1選項

A.thestudyofunrelatedsubjects

B.anattempttoexplainnaturalphenomena

C.thestudyofunrelatedfields

D.classifiedknowledge

問題2選項

A.mayleadtoantiscientific,impureresults

B.necessarilyprecedesappliedscience,leadingtothediscoveryofacell

C.isnotalwaysaspureaswesuppose

D.necessarilyresultsfromappliedscienceandthediscoveryofacell

問題3選項

A.appliedscience

B.agriculturalscience

C.purescience

D.environmentalscience

問題4選項

A.Scientistsengagedintheoreticalresearchshouldnotbeblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries.

B.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionsofthemeaningofscience.

C.Inscience,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.

D.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.

問題5選項

A.TheNatureofScienceandScientists

B.BiologyandtheScientificAge

C.HypothesesandTheories

D.OnDistinguishingFactfromFiction

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】46.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“要定義科學，我們可以簡單地把科學稱之為……”。第一段最后一句提到Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).（為了使解釋盡可能簡單，假設科學被定義為分類的知識），由此可知D項“分類的知識”正確。A項“對不相關學科的研究”，原文未提及，A項不選。B項“解釋自然現(xiàn)象的一種嘗試”，第二段第四句提到Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.（例如，假設和理論是試圖解釋自然現(xiàn)象），因此B項錯誤。C項“對不相關領域的研究”，原文也未提及，C項錯誤。因此該題選D。

47.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“導致了顯微鏡問世的純科學是……”。文章中最后一段最后兩句指出oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopurescienceisnotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.（我們應該記住，顯微鏡的構造必須先于細胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)；許多獻身于純科學的科學家并沒有因為忽視了他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的實用性而感到抱歉；他們從經驗中知道，大多數(shù)知識最終都會得到應用），由此可知顯微鏡的問世是先于細胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)，且純科學先于應用科學，故B項“必然先于應用科學，導致細胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)”正確，由此可知D項“這是應用科學和細胞發(fā)現(xiàn)的必然結果”是不正確的。A項“可能導致反科學、不純的結果”和C項“并不總是像我們想象的那樣純粹”文中都沒有提及。因此該題選B。

48.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“一個對擴展我們關于氧氣的一般知識感興趣的科學家可能會稱他的方法為……”。根據(jù)第四段Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisarmedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes（實際上，發(fā)現(xiàn)新信息有兩種基本方法。一種旨在滿足好奇心，被稱為純科學；另一種則是將知識用于特定目的。）可以推斷，對于擴展我們關于氧氣的一般知識感興趣的科學家的方法是一種純科學，因此C項“純科學”符合題意。A項“應用科學”錯誤；B項“農業(yè)科學”和D項“環(huán)境科學”文中都沒有提到。因此該題選C。

49.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“作者暗示了下列哪一種說法？”。文章最后一句話提到Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.（許多獻身于純科學的科學家并沒有因為忽視了他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的實用性而感到抱歉；他們從經驗中知道，大多數(shù)知識最終都會得到應用。），由此可知從事理論研究的科學家不應該因忽視其發(fā)現(xiàn)的應用而受到責備，因為大多數(shù)的理論最終都能得到應用，故A項“從事理論研究的科學家不應該因為忽視他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)的實用方面而受到指責”正確。B項“今天很少有人對科學的意義有任何概念”，文章首句提到Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.（“科學”這個詞在現(xiàn)代社會被如此頻繁地聽到，以至于幾乎每個人都對它的含義有一些概念），由此可知B項錯誤。C項“在科學上，區(qū)分事實和虛構并不難”，第二段第一句提到Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.（即使在真正的科學中，區(qū)分事實和虛構也并不總是容易的），可知C項錯誤。D項“務實的人能夠理解純科學的意義和目的”，最后一段第一句提到Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.（有時，注重實際的人忽視了純科學的意義，只想到它能立即應用于經濟回報。）可知，D項也錯誤。因此該題選A。

50.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章最好的標題是什么？”。從文章大意中可知，全文都在圍繞科學在每個人心中的定義與重視理論與實踐的科學家進行論述，故A項“科學的本質與科學家”更能概括全文。B項“生物學和科學時代”，文章只在第三段提到了生物學；C項“假設和理論”只是第二段的一個例子；D項“論區(qū)分事實與虛構”只在第二段提到過。因此該題選A。

14.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic（官僚主義的）managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand"human-relations"experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife-Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalaiybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubniissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyarctestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century"freeenterprise"capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities―thoseofallloveandofreason―aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By"awell-oiledcoginthemachinery"theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis（）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（）.

3.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorputsforwardasuggestionthatweshould（）.

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（）.

問題1選項

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheach