考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱金融學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱金融學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Mathsandsciencecertainlyunderpinmanyinnovations.Indeed,theyarethebasisformuchofmodernsociety,fromthegadgetspeopleusetothewaysinwhichpeopleinteractwithoneanotherandthewayinwhichtheythink.Socloseistherelationshipthatpoliticiansseekingtopersuadevotersthattheyarepromotingeconomicgrowthuse"science"and"innovation"almostinterchangeably.Butlaudableasitisinitsownright,doespromotingmathsandsciencerepresentthebestwaytostimulatefutureinnovation?

ChrisBudd,anappliedmathematicianatBathUniversityinBritain,pointstothemathematicalfoundationsofthecommercialworld:theinternet,computers,mobilephones,modernmedicineandeventransportsystems.Theseemploybranchesofmathematicsthatwereconsideredobscureuntilrecentlybuthavefoundapplicationsinareassuchasbuildingsearchengines,heargues.Itisdifficulttopredictwhichnewscientificadvancewillgenerateneweconomicactivitybutscienceneverthelessboostsproductivity.Andasgovernmentshavesoughttopromotebusiness,theyhaveencourageduniversitiestoestablishspin-offcompaniesandtobuildpartnershipswithotherfledglingorganizationsseekingtodevelopnewproductsandnewprocesses,whichhashelpedtogeneratewealth.

Thatmayallbetrue,butitisnotsufficient,saysChrisTrimble,whoco-wrote"TheOtherSideofInnovation:SolvingtheExecutionChallenge"withVijayGovindarajan,bothofwhomconductresearchintoinnovationatTuckSchoolofBusinessatDartmouthCollegeinAmerica.Ofcoursemathsandsciencecanstimulatefutureinnovation,butpromotingthesedisciplinesisnotnecessarilythebestwayofbringingaboutchange.Hecitestargetedincentives,publicandprivatespendingand—mostimportantly,inhisview—bettermanagementasmorepowerfulalternatives.Itismanagementeducationnottechnicaleducationthatislacking,heargues.Thereisasurfeitofbrightideasbutnotenoughwherewithaltoimplementthem.

Yettheabilitytocreatewealthnotonlydependsonusingtoolsthatwerescientificallydesigned;italsorequirespeopletothinkbothcreativelyandincold,calculatingways.TomisquoteThomasEdison,innovationis1%inspirationand99%perspiration.Timethen,mentally,torollupyoursleeves.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wemayknowthatmanyinnovations（

）.

2.Theworld“l(fā)audable”inPara.1probablymeant

（

）.

3.“It”inPara.1(thelastsentence)mayreferto

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaboutChrisBudd?

5.ToChrisTrimble,educationofmathsandscience（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.areengenderedbymathsandscience

B.bringconvenientlifetomodernpeople

C.countmostforpoliticianstogainvotes

D.leaddirectlytoworldeconomicgrowth

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.understandable

B.praiseworthy

C.believable

D.feasible

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.modernsociety

B.promotionofeconomy

C.scienceandinnovation

D.importanceofmathsandscience

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.HeworksinaBritishuniversityasanappliedmathematician.

B.Hefirmlybelievesthatmathematicswillgenerateneweconomicactivity.

C.Hemaythinkthatitislogicaltoexpectinnovationstocomeoutofuniversities.

D.Hearguesforthepromotionofmathsandsciencetofosterfutureinnovations.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.provessufficienttostimulatefutureinnovation

B.meanslittlecomparedwithtargetedincentives

C.islessimportantthanmanagementeducation

D.servesastheunderpinningofeconomicproductivity

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中Mathsandsciencecertainlyunderpinmanyinnovations.Indeed,theyarethebasisformuchofmodernsociety,fromthegadgetspeopleusetothewaysinwhichpeopleinteractwithoneanotherandthewayinwhichtheythink.（數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)無(wú)疑是許多創(chuàng)新的基礎(chǔ)。事實(shí)上，它們是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的基礎(chǔ)，從人們使用的小工具到人們相互交流和思考的方式）可知A選項(xiàng)“由數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)產(chǎn)生”符合題意。

第2題:詞義題。understandable意為“能懂的，可理解的”；praiseworthy意為“值得稱贊的，值得表?yè)P(yáng)的”；believable意為“可信的”；feasible意為“可行的”。由Butlaudableasitisinitsownright（數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)對(duì)于創(chuàng)新很重要，盡管這值得稱贊）可知選B。

第3題:詞義題。文章第一段開(kāi)篇就提出數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)支撐著很多創(chuàng)新，它們是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的基礎(chǔ)，因此可以推測(cè)主要是講述數(shù)學(xué)與科學(xué)的重要性，故選D。

第4題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵此詞ChrisBudd定位至文章第二段，由Itisdifficulttopredictwhichnewscientificadvancewillgenerateneweconomicactivitybutscienceneverthelessboostsproductivity.（很難預(yù)測(cè)哪一項(xiàng)新的科學(xué)進(jìn)步會(huì)產(chǎn)生新的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)，但科學(xué)卻能提高生產(chǎn)力）可知B選項(xiàng)“他堅(jiān)信數(shù)學(xué)將產(chǎn)生新的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)”表述過(guò)于絕對(duì)，不符合原句表達(dá)的含義。

第5題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ChrisTrimble定位至文章第三段，由Ofcoursemathsandsciencecanstimulatefutureinnovation,butpromotingthesedisciplinesisnotnecessarilythebestwayofbringingaboutchange.Hecitestargetedincentives,publicandprivatespendingand—mostimportantly,inhisview—bettermanagementasmorepowerfulalternatives.Itismanagementeducationnottechnicaleducationthatislacking,heargues.（當(dāng)然，數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)可以刺激未來(lái)的創(chuàng)新，但推廣這些學(xué)科并不一定是帶來(lái)變革的最佳方式。他列舉了有針對(duì)性的公共和私人激勵(lì)措施。在他看來(lái)，支出——最重要的是——更好的管理是更有力的替代方案。他認(rèn)為，缺乏的是管理教育，而不是技術(shù)教育）可知選C。

2.翻譯題

Beingunhappyislikeaninfectiousdisease.Itcausespeopletoshrinkawayfromthesufferer.Hesoonfindshimselfalonemiserable.Thereis,however,acuresosimpleastoseem,atfirstglance,ridiculous:ifyoudon’tfeelhappy,pretendtobe!

Itworks.Beforelongyouwillfindthatinsteadofpushingpeopleaway,youattractthem.Youdiscoverhowdeeplyrewardingitistobethecenterofwiderandwidercirclesofgoodwill.

Thenthemake-believebecomesareality.Beinghappy,onceitisrealizedasadutyestablishedasahabit,opensdoorsintounimaginablegardensfilledwithgratefulfriends.

【答案】不開(kāi)心就像一種傳染病。它使人們對(duì)不快樂(lè)的人敬而遠(yuǎn)之。不快樂(lè)的人很快就會(huì)發(fā)覺(jué)自己既孤獨(dú)又悲慘，充滿怨恨。但是，有一種乍一看似乎荒謬可笑，實(shí)際卻非常簡(jiǎn)單的治愈方法，那就是：如果你不快樂(lè)，那就假裝快樂(lè)吧!

這個(gè)辦法的確行之有效。不久你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，你不再排斥別人，而是開(kāi)始吸引他們。你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)被越來(lái)越多善意的人們包圍的感覺(jué)是多么的值得！

于是，假裝的變成了真實(shí)的。一旦快樂(lè)被認(rèn)為是一種責(zé)任并成為一種習(xí)慣，它就會(huì)向我們敞開(kāi)一扇好友云集的通向奇妙花園的大門(mén)。

3.單選題

Fiveyearsago,thatcoupleboughtthehouse（）_makingaquickprofitoutofit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.witheyesopento

B.ingoodeyesat

C.withaneyeto

D.byaneyeat

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析。withaneyeto“著眼于，指望著”為固定搭配。沒(méi)有A、B和D項(xiàng)的搭配，可排除。句意：五年前，那對(duì)夫婦買(mǎi)下這所房子，希望能很快從中獲利。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

Itistruethat（

）awildplantintoamajorfoodcropsuchaswheatrequiresmuchresearchtime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.multiplying

B.breeding

C.magnifying

D.generation

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。multiply意為“乘”；breed意為“飼養(yǎng)，培育(動(dòng)植物)”；magnify意為“放大”；generation作名詞時(shí)，意為“產(chǎn)生，繁殖”。

句意：將野生植物培育成小麥等主要糧食作物需要進(jìn)行大量的研究，這一點(diǎn)是千真萬(wàn)確的。

5.單選題

Jimhadto（）allhisskill（）todefeathistennisopponent.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.call…intoplay

B.call...tomind

C.call…toattention

D.oaction

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)，沒(méi)有oplay的搭配，B選項(xiàng)callsthtomind“想起，記起”；C選項(xiàng)，沒(méi)有callsth.toattention的搭配，callattentiontosth.“提醒，喚起注意”D選項(xiàng)oaction“將某事付諸行動(dòng)”。句意：吉姆不得不使出渾身解數(shù)來(lái)?yè)魯∷木W(wǎng)球?qū)κ帧Ｓ蛇x項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

6.填空題

Onceinsidethevirtualclassroom,youhaveaccesstoachatfeature,an________whiteboardandavideowindowwheretheycanseeandhearthetutorinlivevideoandaudio.(interact)

【答案】interactive

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞。

【解題思路】橫線部分和white修飾board，指的是用來(lái)上課的交互式白板，interactive意思為“交互式的”，符合語(yǔ)境。

【句意】一旦進(jìn)入虛擬教室，你就可以使用聊天功能、交互式白板和視頻窗口，學(xué)生就可以看到導(dǎo)師的實(shí)時(shí)視頻，聽(tīng)到音頻。

7.翻譯題

現(xiàn)在我們正面臨著一項(xiàng)嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)：全球變暖。地球氣候持續(xù)惡化，正在演變成一場(chǎng)事關(guān)緊要的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，而從任何一個(gè)方面來(lái)看，美國(guó)正在輸?shù)暨@場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。美國(guó)每年釋放的溫室氣體約占全球總量的25%，并聲稱它不打算采取任何減排措施。困難還在于，即使絕大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為氣候變化是個(gè)全球性的緊急事件，如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難達(dá)成共識(shí)。工業(yè)界提出自己的方案，可惜這些方案通常解決不了什么問(wèn)題。環(huán)保主義者也獻(xiàn)策，可惜他們的方案往往過(guò)于天真，以至于會(huì)嚴(yán)重阻礙美國(guó)社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。但是一個(gè)宏大而有效的方案到底是什么樣的呢？如何才能讓我們同時(shí)擁有安全的環(huán)境和良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)？

然而，只要我們能制定出可行的戰(zhàn)略，將短期措施和長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)目標(biāo)結(jié)合起來(lái)，將務(wù)實(shí)精神和雄心壯志結(jié)合起來(lái)，我們就能做到既不損害經(jīng)濟(jì)，又幫助遏制氣候變化帶來(lái)的最壞影響，并保證我們的后代在這個(gè)世界上能生存下來(lái)。要實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)，最需要的是決心和意志。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Nowweareconfrontedwithaformidablechallenge:globalwarming.TheglobalclimategoesondeterioratingandisevolvingintoacrucialwartheUnitedStatesislosingfromanyperspective.Everyyear,theUnitedStatesemitsnearly25%oftheglobalgreenhousegasesandclaimsthatithasnointentionoftakinganyemission-reductionmeasures.Thedifficultyalsoliesinthefactthateventheoverwhelmingmajorityofpeopleconsidertheclimatechangetobeaglobalemergency,itisverydifficulttofindacommomgroundastohowtosolvethoseproblems.Theindustrialworldhascomeupwithschemes,whichunfortunatelyarenotsolutionstoproblems.Environmentalistsalsosuggestwaysandmeans,butregrettablytheirschemesaresonaivethattheymayhinderthesocialandeconomicdevelopmentoftheUnitedStates.Butwhatonearthisagrandandeffectiveschemelike?Howcanwepossessbothasafeenvironmentandafantasticeconomicgrowth?

However,aslongasweworkoutfeasibletactics,combineshort-termmeasureswithlong-termgoals,integratepracticalspiritwithambition,wecannotonlyprotecteconomybutalsohelpholdbacktheworsteffectscausedbyclimatechangesandensurethatourdescendentssurviveintheworld.Torealizethisgoal,whatweneedmostisdeterminationandwill.

8.單選題

Whatthecorrespondentsentusisan（

）newsreport.Wecandependonit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.evident

B.authentic

C.ultimate

D.immediate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。evident明顯的；authentic真實(shí)的，可靠的；ultimate最終的，最后的；immediate即刻的。句意：那位記者發(fā)給我們的是一份內(nèi)容真實(shí)的新聞報(bào)道。我們可以相信它。由dependon可推知該信息報(bào)道是真實(shí)的，答案B。

9.問(wèn)答題

Thepatientneededaspinaltap,andaseniorattendingphysicianaskedamedicalresidentwhetherapreparatorybloodtesthadbeenchecked.Themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearhimanswerintheaffirmative,becauseshewasquitecertainithadnotbeenchecked.

(1)Well,almostcertain.

Doctorsintrainingsometimesconfrontsituationsinwhichtheyworrythattheirsupervisingphysiciansaremakingmistakesorbendingthetruth.(2)Yeteventhoughsuchactscanjeopardizepatients,theinclinationandabilityofyoungdoctorstospeakupishamperedbythehierarchiesinteachinghospitals.

Onthetopweretheseniorphysicianswhomaderoundsonthewardsonceortwicedaily.Nextweretheoverworkedresidents,whoessentiallylivedinthehospitalwhiletraining.(3)Lastwerethemedicalstudentswhoweremostassuredlyatthebottomoftheheap.

Thestudentwhoseresidentseeminglyliedtotheattendingphysicianaboutthebloodtestdidnotspeakup.Theresidentwasagooddoctor,shesaid,andsoshehadgivenhimthebenefitofthedoubt.And,sheadded,boththeresidentandtheattendingphysicianwouldbegradingher.

Whatshouldamedicalstudentdoinsuchasituation?Onepossibilityistotakethematterupwithamoreseniordoctor.Orthestudentmightgodirectlytothepatientorfamily,tellingthemthatthephysicianshaveagenuinedisagreementandthattheydeservetoknowaboutit.

Theseoptionsseemlogicalonpaper.AstheethicistJamesDwyerhaswritteninTheHastingsCenterReport,“Thepracticeofalwayskeepingquietisafailureofcaring.”(4)Butintherealworld,itmaybeextremelydifficulttogoupthechainofcommand.

Fortunately,medicaleducatorsareincreasinglyrecognizingthedilemmasthatdoctorsintrainingconfrontwhentheywitnessbehaviorthatmakesthemuncomfortable.(5)Studentsandresidentsarenowexpectedtoprovideroutinefeedback—positiveandnegative—abouttheirsupervisingphysiciansatthecloseoftheirrotation.

Ofcourse,physiciansandstudentsneedtobeeducatedabouthowtogivefeedbackinprofessionalandnon-confrontationalways.Medicaleducatorsareonlynowbeginningtoteachthisskill.Still,itwillbehardtochangetheunfortunateperceptionthatconstructivefeedback,evenforapatient’sbenefit,iswhistle-blowing.

【答案】答：

1.Almostcertainly,themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearsuchananswerfromhissupervisor.

2.Theinclinationandabilityofyoungdoctorstospeakupisstoppedbythehospitalhierarchies,despiteappearanceofmistakesbysupervisingphysicians.

3.Atthebottomofhierarchywerethosemedicalstudentsassuredly.

4.Butinrealhospitalenvironment,itisratherdifficultformedicalstudentstogiveacommand.

5.Medicalstudentsandresidentsshouldmakeregularfeedbackabouttheirsupervisingphysicians,positivelyandnegativelyattheendoftheirrotation.

【解析】1.原文句意是：嗯，幾乎可以肯定。原文這一句是對(duì)上文的肯定，上文提到Themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearhimanswerintheaffirmative,becauseshewasquitecertainithadnotbeenchecked.（學(xué)醫(yī)的學(xué)生聽(tīng)到他的回答很吃驚，因?yàn)樗芸隙](méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)檢查），所以改寫(xiě)的時(shí)候需要結(jié)合上文的內(nèi)容來(lái)進(jìn)行擴(kuò)充，故改寫(xiě)為Almostcertainly,themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearsuchananswerfromhissupervisor（幾乎可以肯定的是，醫(yī)學(xué)院的學(xué)生聽(tīng)到他的導(dǎo)師這樣的回答感到很震驚）。

2.原文句意是：然而，即使這樣的行為可能危及病人，但教學(xué)醫(yī)院的等級(jí)制度阻礙了年輕醫(yī)生發(fā)言的傾向和能力。前半句是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，并且actscanjeopardizepatients指的是作為指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生，他們的錯(cuò)誤行為危害到病人的健康，所以可以改寫(xiě)為despiteappearanceofmistakesbysupervisingphysicians（盡管指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生出現(xiàn)了一些錯(cuò)誤）；后半句中的hamper可以用stop來(lái)替代，所以句子改寫(xiě)為T(mén)heinclinationandabilityofyoungdoctorstospeakupisstoppedbythehospitalhierarchies,despiteappearanceofmistakesbysupervisingphysicians（醫(yī)院的等級(jí)制度阻止了年輕醫(yī)生說(shuō)話的傾向和能力，盡管指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生出現(xiàn)了一些錯(cuò)誤）。

3.原文句意是：最后，處于等級(jí)最下層的肯定是這些醫(yī)學(xué)生。atthebottomoftheheap（在底層）指的是等級(jí)制度的底層，所以可以改寫(xiě)為atthebottomofhierarchy；另外who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句是修飾強(qiáng)調(diào)的，所以句式可以精簡(jiǎn)，故這個(gè)句子可改寫(xiě)為Atthebottomofhierarchywerethosemedicalstudentsassuredly（在等級(jí)制度的最底層肯定是那些醫(yī)科學(xué)生）。

4.原文句意是：但在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中，要爬上指揮鏈可能極其困難。根據(jù)文章語(yǔ)境，inrealworld（在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中）指的就是在醫(yī)院環(huán)境中，而thechainofcommand（指揮鏈）的對(duì)象指的則是位于底層的醫(yī)學(xué)生；故該句子可以改寫(xiě)為Butinrealhospitalenvironment,itisratherdifficultformedicalstudentstogiveacommand（但在現(xiàn)實(shí)的醫(yī)院環(huán)境中，醫(yī)學(xué)生想要得到指揮權(quán)是相當(dāng)困難的）。

5.原文句意是：學(xué)生和住院醫(yī)師現(xiàn)在被要求在輪班結(jié)束時(shí)對(duì)他們的指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生提供常規(guī)的正面和負(fù)面反饋。routine（常規(guī)的）可以改為regular（定期的，普通的）；positiveandnegative在原文中是作為插入語(yǔ)使用，所以可以改為positivelyandnegatively；故該句可改寫(xiě)為Medicalstudentsandresidentsshouldmakeregularfeedbackabouttheirsupervisingphysicians,positivelyandnegativelyattheendoftheirrotation（醫(yī)學(xué)生和住院醫(yī)師應(yīng)該在輪崗結(jié)束時(shí)，定期對(duì)他們的指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生做出正面和負(fù)面反饋）。

10.單選題

Hecomplicatedwiththerequirementthatallgraduatestudentsineducation（

）athesis.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.write

B.writing

C.towrite

D.bewriting

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。在英語(yǔ)中，表示“命令、建議、愿望、要求”等的詞（不管是動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞）之后的從句用should+動(dòng)詞原詞，而且should可以省略。句中的requirement表示“要求”，其后是由that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，因此選A。句意：他把教育中所有研究生都要寫(xiě)論文的要求復(fù)雜化了。

11.單選題

Lovedoesnot________gazingateachother,butinlookingtogetherinthesamedirection.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.phasein

B.fadein

C.givein

D.consistin

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.phasein逐步采用，逐步到位B.fadein漸顯，漸強(qiáng)

C.givein讓步，投降D.consistin在于，存在于

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。

【解題思路】由but可知，前后兩個(gè)分句之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系，后半句說(shuō)到“而在于注視著同一個(gè)方向（inthesamedirection）”，與其相對(duì)的是“注視彼此（eachother）”，本句表達(dá)的是愛(ài)情的意義和特點(diǎn)，即愛(ài)情是什么，在于什么。consistin指作為基本或主要部分和特征，因此D選項(xiàng)consistin“在于，存在于”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)phasein“逐步采用，逐步到位”指在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)逐漸開(kāi)始使用某物或做某事，通常使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且不符合題干的語(yǔ)義邏輯；

B選項(xiàng)fadein“漸顯，漸強(qiáng)”指變得更清楚或更大聲，后面不接動(dòng)詞，且不符合題干的語(yǔ)義邏輯；

C選項(xiàng)givein“讓步，投降”指接受一直在抵制或反對(duì)的事情，后面不接動(dòng)詞，且不符合題干的語(yǔ)義邏輯。

【句意】愛(ài)情不在于彼此凝視，而在于注視著同一個(gè)方向。

12.單選題

America’sCongresspassedahousingbillthatincludesmeasurestoshoreupFannieMaeandFreddieMac,twotroubledmortgagegiants.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.censure

B.imprecate

C.upbraid

D.bolster

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)censure“嚴(yán)厲斥責(zé)，正式譴責(zé)”；B選項(xiàng)imprecate“詛咒；祈求”；C選項(xiàng)upbraid“責(zé)罵；訓(xùn)斥”；D選項(xiàng)bolster“支持，支撐；給（座位）加軟墊；改善，鞏固；增強(qiáng)，激勵(lì)”。句意：美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)通過(guò)了一項(xiàng)住房法案，其中包括支持房利美和房地美這兩個(gè)陷入困境的抵押貸款巨頭的措施。shoreup“支持，支撐；加固”。D選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).

Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongasacleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsscientistscontinuetoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.

Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable;hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.

Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisarmedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes—forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse.Suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.

Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationsofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveryofonebitofinformationopensthedoortothediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago;however,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.

46.Todefinesciencewemaysimplycallit______.

47.Purescience,leadingtotheconstructionofamicroscope,______.

48.Ascientistinterestedinaddingtoourgeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallhisapproach______.

49.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorimply?

50.Thebesttitleforthepassageis______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thestudyofunrelatedsubjects

B.anattempttoexplainnaturalphenomena

C.thestudyofunrelatedfields

D.classifiedknowledge

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.mayleadtoantiscientific,impureresults

B.necessarilyprecedesappliedscience,leadingtothediscoveryofacell

C.isnotalwaysaspureaswesuppose

D.necessarilyresultsfromappliedscienceandthediscoveryofacell

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.appliedscience

B.agriculturalscience

C.purescience

D.environmentalscience

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Scientistsengagedintheoreticalresearchshouldnotbeblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries.

B.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionsofthemeaningofscience.

C.Inscience,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.

D.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheNatureofScienceandScientists

B.BiologyandtheScientificAge

C.HypothesesandTheories

D.OnDistinguishingFactfromFiction

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】46.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“要定義科學(xué)，我們可以簡(jiǎn)單地把科學(xué)稱之為……”。第一段最后一句提到Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).（為了使解釋盡可能簡(jiǎn)單，假設(shè)科學(xué)被定義為分類的知識(shí)），由此可知D項(xiàng)“分類的知識(shí)”正確。A項(xiàng)“對(duì)不相關(guān)學(xué)科的研究”，原文未提及，A項(xiàng)不選。B項(xiàng)“解釋自然現(xiàn)象的一種嘗試”，第二段第四句提到Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.（例如，假設(shè)和理論是試圖解釋自然現(xiàn)象），因此B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng)“對(duì)不相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的研究”，原文也未提及，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此該題選D。

47.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“導(dǎo)致了顯微鏡問(wèn)世的純科學(xué)是……”。文章中最后一段最后兩句指出oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopurescienceisnotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.（我們應(yīng)該記住，顯微鏡的構(gòu)造必須先于細(xì)胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)；許多獻(xiàn)身于純科學(xué)的科學(xué)家并沒(méi)有因?yàn)楹鲆暳怂麄儼l(fā)現(xiàn)的實(shí)用性而感到抱歉；他們從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中知道，大多數(shù)知識(shí)最終都會(huì)得到應(yīng)用），由此可知顯微鏡的問(wèn)世是先于細(xì)胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)，且純科學(xué)先于應(yīng)用科學(xué)，故B項(xiàng)“必然先于應(yīng)用科學(xué)，導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)”正確，由此可知D項(xiàng)“這是應(yīng)用科學(xué)和細(xì)胞發(fā)現(xiàn)的必然結(jié)果”是不正確的。A項(xiàng)“可能導(dǎo)致反科學(xué)、不純的結(jié)果”和C項(xiàng)“并不總是像我們想象的那樣純粹”文中都沒(méi)有提及。因此該題選B。

48.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“一個(gè)對(duì)擴(kuò)展我們關(guān)于氧氣的一般知識(shí)感興趣的科學(xué)家可能會(huì)稱他的方法為……”。根據(jù)第四段Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisarmedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes（實(shí)際上，發(fā)現(xiàn)新信息有兩種基本方法。一種旨在滿足好奇心，被稱為純科學(xué)；另一種則是將知識(shí)用于特定目的。）可以推斷，對(duì)于擴(kuò)展我們關(guān)于氧氣的一般知識(shí)感興趣的科學(xué)家的方法是一種純科學(xué)，因此C項(xiàng)“純科學(xué)”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“應(yīng)用科學(xué)”錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)“農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)”和D項(xiàng)“環(huán)境科學(xué)”文中都沒(méi)有提到。因此該題選C。

49.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“作者暗示了下列哪一種說(shuō)法？”。文章最后一句話提到Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.（許多獻(xiàn)身于純科學(xué)的科學(xué)家并沒(méi)有因?yàn)楹鲆暳怂麄儼l(fā)現(xiàn)的實(shí)用性而感到抱歉；他們從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中知道，大多數(shù)知識(shí)最終都會(huì)得到應(yīng)用。），由此可知從事理論研究的科學(xué)家不應(yīng)該因忽視其發(fā)現(xiàn)的應(yīng)用而受到責(zé)備，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)的理論最終都能得到應(yīng)用，故A項(xiàng)“從事理論研究的科學(xué)家不應(yīng)該因?yàn)楹鲆曀麄兊陌l(fā)現(xiàn)的實(shí)用方面而受到指責(zé)”正確。B項(xiàng)“今天很少有人對(duì)科學(xué)的意義有任何概念”，文章首句提到Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.（“科學(xué)”這個(gè)詞在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)被如此頻繁地聽(tīng)到，以至于幾乎每個(gè)人都對(duì)它的含義有一些概念），由此可知B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng)“在科學(xué)上，區(qū)分事實(shí)和虛構(gòu)并不難”，第二段第一句提到Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.（即使在真正的科學(xué)中，區(qū)分事實(shí)和虛構(gòu)也并不總是容易的），可知C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D項(xiàng)“務(wù)實(shí)的人能夠理解純科學(xué)的意義和目的”，最后一段第一句提到Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.（有時(shí)，注重實(shí)際的人忽視了純科學(xué)的意義，只想到它能立即應(yīng)用于經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)。）可知，D項(xiàng)也錯(cuò)誤。因此該題選A。

50.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是什么？”。從文章大意中可知，全文都在圍繞科學(xué)在每個(gè)人心中的定義與重視理論與實(shí)踐的科學(xué)家進(jìn)行論述，故A項(xiàng)“科學(xué)的本質(zhì)與科學(xué)家”更能概括全文。B項(xiàng)“生物學(xué)和科學(xué)時(shí)代”，文章只在第三段提到了生物學(xué)；C項(xiàng)“假設(shè)和理論”只是第二段的一個(gè)例子；D項(xiàng)“論區(qū)分事實(shí)與虛構(gòu)”只在第二段提到過(guò)。因此該題選A。

14.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic（官僚主義的）managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand"human-relations"experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife-Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalaiybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubniissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyarctestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century"freeenterprise"capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities―thoseofallloveandofreason―aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By"awell-oiledcoginthemachinery"theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis（）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（）.

3.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorputsforwardasuggestionthatweshould（）.

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheach