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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣西科技師范學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題
Sincethefirstbrainscannerwasconstructedseveralyearsago,computedtomographyorcomputedmedicalimagery,hasbecomefairlywidelyused,itsrapidacceptanceisduetothefactthatithasovercomeseveralofthedrawbacksofconventionalX-raytechnology.
Tobeginwith,conventionaltwo-dimensionalX-raypicturescannotshowalloftheinformationcontainedinathree-dimensionobject.Thingsatdifferentdepthsaresuperimposed,causingconfusiontotheviewer.Thecomputerisabletoreconstructpicturesofthebody'sinteriorbymeasuringthevaryingintensitiesofX-raybeamspassingthroughsectionsofthebodyfromhundredsofdifferentangles.Suchpicturesarebasedonseriesofthin"slices",
Inaddition,conventionalX-raygenerallydifferentiatesonlybetweenboneandair,asinthechestandlungs.Theycannotdistinguishsofttissuesorvariationsintissues.Theliverandpancreasarenotdiscernibleatall,andcertainotherorgansmayonlyberenderedvisiblethroughtheuseofradiopaquedye.Sincecomputedtomographyismuchmoresensitive,thesofttissuesofthekidneysorthelivercanbeseenandclearlydifferentiated.ThistechniquecanalsoaccuratelymeasuredifferentdegreesofX-rayabsorption,facilitatingthestudyofthenatureoftissue.
AthirdproblemwithconventionalX-raymethodsistheirinabilitytomeasurequantitativelytheseparatedensitiesoftheindividualsubstancesthroughwhichtheX-rayhaspassed.Onlythemeanabsorptionofallthetissuesisrecorded.Thisisnotaproblemwithcomputedtomography.Itcanaccuratelylocateatumorandsubsequentlymonitortheprogressofradiationtreatment,sothatinadditiontoitsdiagnosticcapabilities,itcanplayasignificantroleintherapy.
1.ConventionalX-raysmainlyshowthedifferencebetween(
).
2.Whatkindofviewismadepossiblebycontiguouscrosssectionsofthebody?
3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,comparedtoconventionalX-raytechniques,computedtomographyismore
(
).
4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthisnewtechnique?
5.Accordingtothepassage,computedtomographycanbeusedforallofthefollowingEXCEPT(
).
問題1選項
A.boneandair
B.liverandpancreas
C.muscleandotherbodytissues
D.heartandlungs
問題2選項
A.Two-dimensional
B.Three-dimensional
C.Animated
D.Intensified
問題3選項
A.compact
B.rapid
C.economical
D.informative
問題4選項
A.Cautious
B.Tolerant
C.Enthusiastic
D.Critical
問題5選項
A.monitoringapatient'sdisease
B.diagnosingdisorders
C.locatingtumors
D.reconstructingdamagedtissues
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。第三段指出:Inaddition,conventionalX-raygenerallydifferentiatesonlybetweenboneandair,asinthechestandlungs(另外,傳統(tǒng)X光射線通常只能在骨頭和空隙之間做出區(qū)分,比如胸腔和肺),由此可知A項“骨頭和空隙”。
2.判斷推理題。題干問的是:身體相鄰交叉部位可能成什么樣的像?第二段指出:Tobeginwith,conventionaltwo-dimensionalX-raypicturescannotshowalloftheinformationcontainedinathree-dimensionobject.Thingsatdifferentdepthsaresuperimposed,causingconfusiontotheviewer(首先,傳統(tǒng)的二維X光射線成像不能顯示包含在三維物體里的所有信息。因為不同層面不同深度的影響是疊加的,這會使觀察者困惑),因此B項“三維的”正確。
3.判斷推理題。題干問的是:和傳統(tǒng)X光射線相比,計算機斷層掃描更加…。第二段指出:Tobeginwith,conventionaltwo-dimensionalX-raypicturescannotshowalloftheinformationcontainedinathree-dimensionobject.Thingsatdifferentdepthsaresuperimposed,causingconfusiontotheviewer(首先,傳統(tǒng)的二維X光射線成像不能顯示包含在三維物體里的所有信息。因為不同層面不同深度的影響是疊加的,這會使觀察者困惑),Thecomputerisabletoreconstructpicturesofthebody'sinteriorbymeasuringthevaryingintensitiesofX-raybeamspassingthroughsectionsofthebodyfromhundredsofdifferentangles(計算機斷層掃描可以通過測量從數(shù)百個不同角度穿過身體截面的X線的強度變化來重新構(gòu)建身體內(nèi)部的圖像)。由此可知D項“能提供更多信息”正確。
4.觀點態(tài)度題。文章通篇在講計算機斷層掃描相比傳統(tǒng)X光射線的優(yōu)點。最后一句話指出:Itcanaccuratelylocateatumorandsubsequentlymonitortheprogressofradiationtreatment,sothatinadditiontoitsdiagnosticcapabilities,itcanplayasignificantroleintherapy(它(即計算機斷層掃描)可以精確定位腫瘤位置來監(jiān)控放射治療的進程,所以,除有診斷能力外,它在治療中能起到重要作用)。由此可知作者對于斷層掃描的態(tài)度是肯定的。故選C。
5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞computedtomography定位至最后一段:Itcanaccuratelylocateatumorandsubsequentlymonitortheprogressofradiationtreatment,sothatinadditiontoitsdiagnosticcapabilities,itcanplayasignificantroleintherapy(它(即計算機斷層掃描)可以精確定位腫瘤位置來監(jiān)控放射治療的進程,所以,除有診斷能力外,它在治療中能起到重要作用)。因此A項“監(jiān)控患者的疾病”,B項“診斷疾病”和C項“定位腫瘤位置”都正確。故選D。
2.單選題
Itissaidinsomepartsoftheworld,goats,ratherthancows,serveasavital(
)ofmilk.
問題1選項
A.storage
B.source
C.reserve
D.resource
【答案】B
【解析】句意:據(jù)說,在世界上某些地方,牛奶的重要來源是山羊,而不是奶牛。
名詞辨析。Storage存儲,倉庫;source來源;reserve儲備,儲存;resource資源,財力。因此B符合句意。
3.單選題
Hefailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthecontract,andnowhehasto()theconsequences.
問題1選項
A.answerfor
B.stepinto
C.abideby
D.runinto
【答案】A
【解析】考查詞組辨析。answerfor“對……負責(zé)”;stepinto“進入”;abideby“遵守”;runinto“遭遇,陷入”。前半句提到“他沒有履行合同的一些條款”,因此他需要對此負責(zé),選項A符合題意。
4.單選題
Healwaysdidwellatschool()havingtodopart-timejobseverynowandthen.
問題1選項
A.inspiteof
B.regardlessof
C.onaccountof
D.incaseof
【答案】A
【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項inspiteof“盡管”;B項regardlessof“不考慮,不顧”;C項onaccountof“因為,由于”;D項incaseof“如果發(fā)生……,萬一……”;然后我們帶入句子發(fā)現(xiàn)只有A選項符合。句意為:盡管他不得不時不時地做些兼職工作,但他在學(xué)??偸潜憩F(xiàn)很好。
5.單選題
Theeveofthehurricaneappearstobetranquil.
問題1選項
A.calm
B.noisy
C.spiral
D.transparent
【答案】A
【解析】【選項釋義】
A.calm平靜的B.noisy吵鬧的
C.spiral螺旋形的D.transparent透明的
【答案】A
【考查點】語義銜接
【解題思路】劃線詞前面部分的語義為“颶風(fēng)來臨的前夕似乎是____”,由此可知,該詞是形容颶風(fēng)來臨之前的情況的,根據(jù)常識可知,暴風(fēng)雨來臨之前都是平靜的,A選項calm“平靜的”最符合原句語義銜接。原詞tranquil“平靜的”。
【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項不符合原句語義銜接。
【句意】颶風(fēng)來臨的前夕似乎很平靜。
6.單選題
Ourmoderncivilizationmustnotbethoughtofas()inashortperiodoftime.
問題1選項
A.beingcreated
B.tohavebeencreated
C.havingbeencreated
D.tobecreated
【答案】C
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:我們的現(xiàn)代文明不應(yīng)該被認為是在短時間內(nèi)創(chuàng)造出來的。根據(jù)civilization被create確定用被動語態(tài),根據(jù)create的動作從過去開始發(fā)生,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且將持續(xù)下去確定用現(xiàn)在完成時,C選項havingbeencreated符合題意。因此C選項正確。
7.單選題
Sucheuphemismsmaybestylistically"permissible'"iftheyarekeptwithin.
問題1選項
A.boundaries
B.ranges
C.borders
D.limits
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項boundariesn.界限,分界線,邊界;B選項rangesn.里程,范圍;C選項bordersn.邊界,邊緣地區(qū);D選項limitsn.范圍,限制,領(lǐng)土。句意:這樣的委婉用法在文體結(jié)構(gòu)上是可以的,但前提是要在有限范圍內(nèi)使用。根據(jù)句意可知,D項符合題意。因此,D項是正確答案。
8.單選題
Thisyoungman,()withacravingformaterialisticgratification,caresaboutnothingbutmoney.
問題1選項
A.obsessed
B.negotiated
C.compromised
D.provided
【答案】A
【解析】動詞辨析題。obsessedwith沉迷于;negotiatedwith與…協(xié)商;compromisedwith向(某人)妥協(xié);providedwith給…提供。句意:這個年輕人貪圖物質(zhì)上的滿足,只關(guān)心錢。選項A符合句意。
9.單選題
Thebeliefthattheuniverseisimprovingandthatgoodwill()triumphoverevilprevails.
問題1選項
A.ultimately
B.conclusively
C.feasibly
D.terminally
【答案】A
【解析】ultimately最后,根本,基本上;conclusively最后地,決定性地;feasibly可行地;terminally最后,在末端,致命地。句意:宇宙正在進步,正義終將戰(zhàn)勝邪惡的信念盛行。選項A符合句意。
10.單選題
Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewhoarealwayssayingthatgiventhechoicewewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity.Ihavemanagedtoconvincemyselfthatifitweren'tformyjobIwouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspacesandgobacktonatureinsomesleepyvillageburiedinthecounty.Buthowrealisticisthedream?
Citiescanbefrighteningplaces.Themajorityofthepopulationlivesinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal.Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappearwhenyoulivefifteenfloorsup.Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats.Childrenbecomeaggressiveandnervous-coopedupathomeallday,withnowheretoplay;theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld.Strangelyenough,whereasinthepasttheinhabitantsofonestreetallkneweachother,nowadayspeopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon'tevensayhellotoeachother.
Countrylife,ontheotherhand,differsfromthiskindofisolatedexistenceinthatasenseofcommunitygenerallybindstheinhabitantsofsmallvillagestogether.Peoplehavetheadvantageofknowingthatthereisalwayssomeonetoturntowhentheyneedhelp.Butcountrylifehasdisadvantagestoo.Whileitistruethatyoumaybeamongfriendsinavillage,itisalsotruethatyouarecutofffromtheexcitingandinimportanteventsthattakeplaceincities,there'slittlepossibilityofgoingtoanewshoworthelatestmovie.Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothenearestlargetown.Thecity-dwellerwholeavesforthecountryisoftenoppressedbyasenseofunbearablestillnessandquiet.
What,then,istheanswer?Thecountryhastheadvantageofpeaceandquiet,butsuffersfromthedisadvantageofbeingcutoff,thecitybreedsafeelingofisolationandconstantnoisebattersthesenses.Butoneofitsmainadvantagesisthatyouareatthecenterofthings,andthatlifedoesn'tcometoanendathalf-pastnineatnight.Somepeoplehavefound(orratherbought)acompromisebetweenthetwo:theyhaveexpressedtheirpreferenceforthe"quietlife"byleavingthesuburbsandmovingtovillageswithincommutingdistanceoflargecities.Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehind-theyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangeandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages.
Whatthenofmydreamsofleaningonacottagegateandmurmuring"morning"tothelocalsastheypassby.I’mkeenontheidea,butyouseethere'smycat,Toby.I'mnotatallsurethathewouldtaketoallthatfreshairandexerciseinthelonggrass.Imean,canyouseehimmixingwithallthoseheartymalesdownthefarm?No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening.
1.Wegettheimpressionfromthefirstparagraphthattheauthor
(
).
2.Intheauthor’sopinion,thefollowingmaycausecitypeopletobeunhappyEXCEPT(
).
3.ThepassageimpliesthatitiseasytobuytothefollowingthingsinthecountryEXCEPT
(
).
4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribesthosepeoplewhoworkinlargecitiesandliveinvillages
(
).
5.Doyouthinktheauthorwillmovetothecountry?(
).
問題1選項
A.usedtoliveinthecountry
B.usedtoworkinthecity
C.worksinthecity
D.livesinthecountry
問題2選項
A.astrongsenseoffear
B.lackofcommunication
C.housingconditions
D.asenseofisolation
問題3選項
A.dailynecessities
B.freshfruits
C.designerclothes
D.freshvegetables
問題4選項
A.Original
B.Quiet
C.Arrogant
D.Insensitive
問題5選項
A.Yes,hewilldoso.
B.No,hewillnotdoso
C.Itisdifficulttotell.
D.Heisintwominds.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:B
【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中Ihavemanagedtoconvincemyselfthatifitweren'tformyjobIwouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspacesandgobacktonatureinsomesleepyvillageburiedinthecounty.(我設(shè)法說服自己,如果不是因為工作的緣故,我將馬上搬到開闊的農(nóng)村,回到隱藏在寧靜的村莊)可知作者在城市工作,因此選C。
第2題:推理判斷題。文章第二段中nowadayspeopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon'tevensayhellotoeachother與B選項對應(yīng);Themajorityofthepopulationlivesinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal.Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats與C選項對應(yīng);theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld與D選項對應(yīng),因此選A。
第3題:推理判斷題。由文章第三段中Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothenearestlargetown.(購物成了一個大問題,對于任何不尋常的東西,你必須遠征到最近的大城市)可知選C,其他選項都為平常的東西。
第4題:推理判斷題。由文章第四段中Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehind-theyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangeandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages.(他們大概和他們留下的塑料花一樣,沒有感受,他們的腦子里充滿了關(guān)于改變和改進農(nóng)村的奇怪想法,并將這些強加給不愿接受的原始居民)可知D選項“麻木不仁的”最恰當(dāng)。這里是將這些人和塑料花進行比較,他們只知道一味的強加,并不在意當(dāng)?shù)厝说母惺?,所以說和塑料花一樣麻木不仁。所以選項D正確。
第5題:推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中I’mkeenontheidea,but...No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening.可知作者以他的貓為例,認為它不一定會適應(yīng)農(nóng)村生活,更喜歡待在城里,間接表達了自己不會去農(nóng)村生活,因此選B。
11.單選題
Itseemsverydifficult______.
問題1選項
A.tostopthechildtocry
B.stoppingthechildtocry
C.stopthechildcrying
D.tostopthechildcrying
【答案】D
【解析】【選項釋義】
A.tostopthechildtocry去阻止孩子哭B.stoppingthechildtocry阻止孩子哭
C.stopthechildcrying阻止孩子哭D(zhuǎn).tostopthechildcrying去阻止孩子哭
【答案】D
【考查點】固定搭配。
【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞difficult(困難的)可知,difficulttodosth.是固定搭配,表示“做某事是困難的”,而stopdoing/todosth.也是固定搭配,但是stopdoingsth.表示“停止正在做的事情”,stoptodosth.是“停止正在干的事情去干另一件”;根據(jù)選項意思可知,空格處應(yīng)該表示“阻止孩子哭”。因此,該題選擇D項。
【干擾項排除】
B、C項不符合固定搭配;
A項不符合句子意思。
【句意】似乎很難讓這孩子不哭。
12.單選題
Educationinmostofthedevelopingworldisshocking.HalfofchildreninSouthAsiaandathirdofthoseinAfricawhocompletefouryearsofschoolingcannotreadproperly.Mostgovernmentshavepromisedtoprovideuniversalprimaryeducationandtopromotesecondaryeducation.Butevenwhenpublicschoolsexist,theyoftenfail.
Thefailureofstateeducation,combinedwiththeshiftinemergingeconomiesfromfarmingtojobsthatneedatleastamodicumofeducation,hascausedaprivate-schoolboom.AccordingtotheWorldBank,acrossthedevelopingworldafifthofprimary-schoolchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools,twiceasmanyas20yearsago.Somanyprivateschoolsareunregisteredthattherealfigureislikelytobemuchhigher.
Byandlarge,politiciansandeducationalistsareunenthusiastic.Governmentsseeeducationasthestate'sjob.NGOstendtobeideologicallyopposedtotheprivatesector.TheU.N.Specialrapporteuroneducation.KishoreSingh,hassaidthat“for-profiteducationshouldnotbeallowedinordertosafeguardthenoblecauseofeducation”.
Thisattitudeharmsthosewhomeducationalistsclaimtoserve:children.Theboominprivateeducationisexcellentnewsforthemandtheircountries,forthreereasons.
First,itisbringinginmoney—notjustfromparents,butalsofrominvestors,someinsearchofaprofit.Mostprivateschoolsinthedevelopingworldaresingleoperatorsthatchargeafewdollarsamonth,butchainsarenowemerging.
Second,privateschoolsareoftenbettervalueformoneythanstateones.Measuringthisishard,sincethechildrenwhogotoprivateschoolstendtobebetteroff,andthereforelikelytoperformbetter.Butarigorousfour-yearstudyof6,000pupilsinAndhraPradesh,insouthernIndia,suggestedthatprivatepupilsperformedbetterinEnglishandHindithanpublic-schoolpupils,andtheprivateschoolsachievedtheseresultsatathirdofthecostofthepublicschools.
Lastly,privateschoolsareinnovative.Sincetechnologyhasgreat(thoughasyetmostlyunrealized)potentialineducation,thiscouldbeimportant.Bridgegivesteacherstabletslinkedtoacentralsystemthatprovidesteachingmaterialsandmonitorstheirwork.Suchrobo-teachingmaynotbeideal,butitisbetterthanlessonswithouteithermaterialormonitoring.
Theprivatesectorhasproblems.Butthealternativeisoftenapublicschoolthatisworse—ornoschoolatall.Thegrowthofprivateschoolsisamanifestationofthehealthiestofinstincts:parents’desiretodothebestfortheirchildren.Governmentsshouldthereforebeaskingnothowtodiscourageprivateeducation,buthowtoboostit.Ideally,theywouldsubsidizeprivateschools,preferablythroughavoucherwhichparentscouldspendattheschoolsoftheirchoiceandtopup;theywouldregulateschoolstoensurequality;theywouldrunpublicexamstohelpparentsmakeinformedchoice.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,thestategovernmentsindevelopingcountriesfailto(
).
2.TheauthormentionsKishoreSinghinordertoshow
(
).
3.Privateschoolssurpassthepubliconesinthat
(
).
4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheprivateeducation?
5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethetitleofthepassage?
問題1選項
A.providepropereducationforalltheschoolagechildren
B.fulfilltheirpromisesbyestablishingenoughpublicschools
C.improveeducationqualityoftheexistingpublicschools
D.speedupthesocialshiftfromfarmingtomanufacturing
問題2選項
A.howstategovernmentsdislikeprivateeducation
B.whyNGOsaresomuchopposedtoprivatesectors
C.howweshouldsafeguardthenobilityofeducation
D.whatthesocialmainstreamthinksoftheprivateschool
問題3選項
A.theycanobtainmoremoneyfromparents
B.theyhaveachievedbetterteachingquality
C.theycanmakebetteruseofmoneyandinnovate
D.theycanusetabletstoassistteaching
問題4選項
A.Itmeetstheneedofsocialdevelopment.
B.Itshouldbesuspendedandreorganized.
C.Itshouldnotberunpurelyafterhighprofits.
D.Itisencouragedtoreplacepubliceducation.
問題5選項
A.WhyArePrivateSchoolsBoomingSoFast?
B.ShouldPrivateEducationBeHelpedorCurbed?
C.HowShouldtheGovernmentImproveEducation?
D.WhatShouldtheStateDowithPublicSchools?
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:A
第5題:B
【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“Mostgovernmentshavepromisedtoprovideuniversalprimaryeducationandtopromotesecondaryeducation.Butevenwhenpublicschoolsexist,theyoftenfail.大多數(shù)政府承諾提供普遍的初等教育以及促進中等教育的發(fā)展。但即使公立學(xué)校存在,它們通常還是失敗了?!痹俑鶕?jù)第一段前面的內(nèi)容可推斷,發(fā)展中國家的政府沒有履行他們的承諾,沒有建立足夠的公立學(xué)校。選項B符合原文;選項A和選項C在文中沒有提及;選項D是私立學(xué)校繁榮的原因之一,不符合題意。所以只有選項B正確。
2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“KishoreSingh”定位第三段“KishoreSingh,hassaidthat‘for-profiteducationshouldnotbeallowedinordertosafeguardthenoblecauseofeducation’”聯(lián)合國教育特別報告員KishoreSingh曾表示:“為了捍衛(wèi)教育的崇高事業(yè),不應(yīng)該允許營利性教育?!边@是對原文中上一句“NGOstendtobeideologicallyopposedtotheprivatesector.非政府組織往往在意識形態(tài)上反對私營部門”的解釋,說明非政府組織反對私營機構(gòu)的理由。因此選項B符合原文。
3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)兩段的首句“privateschoolsareoftenbettervalueformoneythanstateones.私立學(xué)校通常比公立學(xué)校更物有所值?!币簿褪悄軌虺浞掷觅Y金?!皃rivateschoolsareinnovative.”私立學(xué)校具有創(chuàng)新性。所以選項C符合原文。選項A顯然不是私立學(xué)校超越公立學(xué)校的原因;選項B在文中沒有提及;選項D表述過于片面。
4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Governmentsshouldthereforebeaskingnothowtodiscourageprivateeducation,buthowtoboostit.政府不應(yīng)該打擊私營教育,而應(yīng)該大力發(fā)展私營教育。”由此可推斷,作者認為私營教育是符合社會發(fā)展的需求的。選項A正確。選項B與作者的觀點不符;選項C在文中沒有提及;選項D表述過于絕對。
5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,作者首先指出了發(fā)展中國家政府在公立教育方面的失敗,接著提到私營教育的發(fā)展,政府反對私營教育,而作者認為應(yīng)該大力發(fā)展私營教育,所以本文的主要內(nèi)容是討論支持還是反對私營教育。選項B最為恰當(dāng)。
13.單選題
Patientscanrecallwhattheyhearwhileundergeneralanestheticeveniftheydon’twakeup,concludesanewstudy.
Severalstudiesoverthepastthreedecadeshavereportedthatpeoplecanretainconsciousorsubconsciousmemoriesofthingsthathappenedwhiletheywerebeingoperatedon.Butfailurebyotherresearcherstoconfirmsuchfindingshasledskepticstospeculatethatthepatientswhorememberedtheseeventsmightbrieflyhaveregainedconsciousnessinthecourseofoperations.
GittaLubke,PeterSebelandcolleaguesatEmoryUniversityinAtlantameasuredthedepthofanesthesiausingbispectralanalysis,atechniquewhichmeasureschangesinbrainwavepatternsinthefrontallobesmomentbymomentduringsurgery.Beforethisstudy,researchersonlytookanaveragemeasurementoverthewholeoperation,saysLubke.
Lubkestudied96traumapatientsundergoingemergencysurgery,manyofwhomweretooseverelyinjuredtotoleratefullanesthesia.Duringsurgery,eachpatientworeheadphonesthroughwhichaseriesof16wordswasrepeatedfor3minuteseach.Atthesametime,bispectralanalysisrecordedthedepthofanesthesia.
Aftertheoperation,Lubketestedthepatientsbyshowingthemthefirstthreelettersofaword,suchas“l(fā)im-”,andaskingthemtocompleteit.Patientswhohadhadawordstartingwiththeselettersplayedduringsurgery—“l(fā)imit”,forexample—chosethatwordanaverageof11percentmoreoftenthanpatientswhohadbeenplayedadifferentwordlist.Noneofthepatientshadanyconsciousmemoryofhearingthewordlists.
Unconsciousprimingwasstrongestforwordsplayedwhenpatientsweremostlightlyanaesthetized.Butitwasstatisticallysignificantevenwhenpatientswerefullyanaesthetizedwhenthewordwasplayed.
ThisfindingwhichwillbepublishedinthejournalAnesthesiologycouldmeanthatoperatingtheatrestaffshouldbemorediscreet.“Whattheysayduringsurgerymaydistresspatientsafterwards,”saysPhilipMerikle,apsychologistattheUniversityofWaterloo,Ontario.
1.Scientistshavefoundthatdeepanesthesia______.
2.Bythenewstudythetechniqueofbyspectralanalysishelpsthescientists______.
3.Totestthepatientsthescientists______.
4.Theresultsfromthenewstudyindicatethatitwaspossibleforthepatients______.
5.Whatwecaninferfromthefindingis______.
問題1選項
A.islikelytoaffecthearing
B.cannotblocksurgeon’swords
C.cancauseseriousdamagestomemory
D.helpstoretainconsciousorsubconsciousmemories
問題2選項
A.acquireanaveragemeasurementofbrainwavechangesoverthewholesurgery
B.decidewhetherthepatientwouldretainconsciousorsubconsciousmemories
C.relatetheirmeasurementsandrecordingstotheverbalsoundsduringsurgery
D.assurethedepthofanesthesiaduringsurgery
問題3選項
A.preparedtwolistsofwords
B.usedninety-sixheadphonesforlistening
C.conductedthewholeexperimentforthreeminutes
D.voicedonlythefirstthreelettersofsixteenwordsduringsurgery
問題4選項
A.toregainconsciousnessundertheknife
B.totellonewordfromanotheraftersurgery
C.torecallwhathadbeenheardduringsurgery
D.tooverreacttodeepanesthesiainthecourseofoperation
問題5選項
A.howsurgeonmalpracticecanbeprevented
B.whyasurgeoncannotbetoocareful
C.whysurgeonsshouldholdtheirtonguesduringsurgery
D.howthepostoperativepatientscanretainsubconsciousmemories
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:C
【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段“Patientscanrecallwhattheyhearwhileundergeneralanestheticeveniftheydon’twakeup,concludesanewstudy.(一項新的研究表明,即使病人沒有醒來,他們也能回憶起在全身麻醉下聽到的聲音。)”也就是說,全麻不會阻止病人聽到醫(yī)生說的話,所以B選項“不能阻擋外科醫(yī)生的話”符合原文。A選項“可能影響聽力”和C選項“會對記憶造成嚴重損害”文章沒有提及;D選項“幫助保持有意識或潛意識的記憶”中的“幫助”表述不當(dāng),所以不正確。因此B選項正確。
2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段“Severalstudiesoverthepastthreedecadeshavereportedthatpeoplecanretainconsciousorsubconsciousmemoriesofthingsthathappenedwhiletheywerebeingoperatedon.(過去30年里的幾項研究報告稱,人們可以對手術(shù)過程中發(fā)生的事情保持有意識或潛意識的記憶。)”和第三段“...usingbispectralanalysis,atechniquewhichmeasureschangesinbrainwavepatternsinthefrontallobesmomentbymomentduringsurgery.(使用雙譜分析技術(shù)測量了麻醉深度,這種技術(shù)可以測量手術(shù)過程中大腦額葉中腦電波模式的變化。)”可知雙譜分析技術(shù)是幫助科學(xué)家們決定病人是保留有意識的記憶還是潛意識的記憶,所以B選項“判斷病人是否會保留有意識的記憶或潛意識的記憶”正確。由第三段“Beforethisstudy,researchersonlytookanaveragemeasurementoverthewholeoperation(在這項研究之前,研究人員只對整個手術(shù)進行了平均測量)”可知A選項“獲得整個手術(shù)期間腦電波變化的平均測量值”說法錯誤;C選項“將他們的測量和錄音與手術(shù)過程中的語音聯(lián)系起來”和D選項“術(shù)中保證麻醉深度”不符合原文。因此B選項正確。
3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第五段Patientswhohadhadawordstartingwiththeselettersplayedduringsurgery—“l(fā)imit”,forexample—chosethatwordanaverageof11percentmoreoftenthanpatientswhohadbeenplayedadifferentwordlist.(那些在手術(shù)中播放以這些字母開頭的單詞的患者——例如,“l(fā)imit”——選擇這個單詞的頻率比播放不同單詞列表的患者平均高11%)可推斷出有兩個不同的單詞表,所以A選項“準備了兩份單詞表”正確。B選項“使用了九十六個耳機聽”;C選項“整個實驗進行了三分鐘”;D選項“在手術(shù)中只發(fā)聲16個單詞的前三個字母”都不符合原文,因此A選項正確。
4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段“Patientscanrecallwhattheyhearwhileundergeneralanestheticeveniftheydon’twakeup,concludesanewstudy.(一項新的研究表明,即使病人沒有醒來,他們也能回憶起在全身麻醉下聽到的聲音。)”可知對病人來說。回憶起手術(shù)期間聽到的東西是有可能的,所以C選項“回憶手術(shù)中聽到的一切”正確。A選項“在刀下恢復(fù)意識”;B選項“手術(shù)后說出一個詞和另一個詞”;D選項“在手術(shù)過程中對深度麻醉反應(yīng)過度”都不符合原文,因此C選項正確。
5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段“...operatingthea
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