考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣東司法警官職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣東司法警官職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Yearsofresearchhadeducatedmeabouthowsugar,fat,andsaltchangethebrain.Iunderstoodsomeoftheparallelsbetweenhyperpalatablefoodsanddrugsofabuse,andaboutthelinksamongsensorystimulation,cues,andmemory.I’dmetenoughpeoplelikeClaudiaandMariatounderstandhoweventhethoughtoffoodcouldcausethemtolosecontrol.

ButIwasn’tfullypreparedforthediscoveriesImadeaboutirresistibilityandwhoosh,theMonsterThickburgerandBaked!CheetosFlamin’Hot,aboutindulgenceandpurplecows.Withoutnecessarilyunderstandingtheunderlyingscience,thefoodindustryhasdiscoveredwhatsells.

IwassittingatChili’sGrill&BarinChicago’sO’HareAirportwaitingforalate-nightflight.Atanearbytableacoupleintheirearlyfortieswasdeepintoameal.Thewomanwasoverweight,withabout180poundsonherfive-foot-four-inchframe.TheSouthwesternEggrollsshehadorderedwerelistedasastartercourse,buttheenormousplatterinfrontofherhadbeenheapedwithfood.Thedishwasdescribedonthemenuas"smokedchicken,blackbeans,com,Jackcheese,redpeppers,andspinachwrappedinsideacrispyflourtortilla,"anditwasservedwithacreamyavocado-ranchdippingsauce.Despiteitsname,thedishlookedmorelikeaburritothananeggroll,anonly-in-Americafusionapproach.

Iwatchedasthewomanattackedherfoodwithvigorandspeed.Sheheldtheeggrollinonehand,dunkeditintothesauce,andbroughtittohermouthwhileusingtheforkinherotherhandtoscoopupmoresauce.Occasionallyshereachedoverandspearedsomeofhercompanion’sFrenchfries.Thewomanatesteadily,workingherwayaroundtheplatewithscantpauseforconversationorrest.Whenshefinallypaused,onlyalittlelettucewasleft.

Hadsheknownsomeonewaswatchingher,I’msureshewouldhaveeatendifferently.Hadshebeenaskedtodescribewhatshehadjusteaten,sheprobablywouldhavesubstantiallyunderestimatedherconsumption.Andshewouldprobablyhavebeensurprisedtolearnwhattheingredientsinhermealreallywere.

Thewomanmighthavebeeninterestedinhowmyindustrysource,whohadcalledsugar,fat,andsaltthethreepointsofthecompass,describedherentree.Deep-fryingthetortilladrivesdownitswatercontentfrom40percenttoabout5percentandreplacestherestwithfat.“Thetortillaisreallygoingtoabsorbalotoffat,”hesaid.“Itlookslikeaneggrollissupposedtolook,whichiscrispyandbrownontheoutside.”

Thefoodconsultantreadthroughotheringredientsonthelabel,keepinguparunningcommentaryashedid.“Cookedwhitemeatchicken,binderadded,smokeflavor.Peoplelikesmokyflavor—it’sthecavemaninthem.”

“There’sgreenstuffinthere,”hesaid,notingthespinach.“ThatmakesmefeellikeI’meatingsomethinghealthy.”

“ShreddedMontereyJackcheese...Theincreaseinper-capitaconsumptionofcheeseisoffthechart.”

Thehotpeppers,hesaid,“addalittlespice,butnottoomuchtokilleverythingelseoff.”Hebelievedthechickenhadbeenchoppedandformedmuchlikeameatloaf,withbindersadded,whichmakesthosecalorieseasytoswallow.Ingredientsthatholdmoisture,includingautolyzedyeastextract,sodiumphosphate,andsoyproteinconcentrate,furthersoftenthefood.Inoticedthatsaltappearedeighttimesonthelabelandthatsweetenersweretherefivetimes,intheformofcom-syrupsolids,molasses,honey,brownsugar,andsugar.

“Thisishighlyprocessed?”Iasked.

“Absolutely,yes.Allofthishasbeenprocessedsuchthatyoucanwolfitdownfast...choppedupandmadeultrapalatable...Veryappealinglooking,veryhighpleasureinthefood,veryhighcaloricdensity.Rulesoutallthatstuffyouhavetochew.”

Byeliminatingtheneedtochew,modernfoodprocessingtechniquesallowustoeatfaster.“Whenyou’reeatingthesethings,you’vehad500,600,800,900caloriesbeforeyouknowit,”saidtheconsultant.“Literallybeforeyouknowit.”Refinedfoodsimplymeltsinthemouth.

36.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheauthor’sdescriptionofthewomaneatinginparagraphfour?

37.Accordingtothepassage,themainreasonwhypeopleovereatisthat（）.

38.ThefollowingareallingredientsintheeggrollsEXCEPT（）.

39.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?

40.InthefirstsentenceofParagraphfour,theword“vigor”mostnearlymeans（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThewomanpreferstoeatatChili’svs.otherrestaurants.

B.Thewomantrulyenjoysthefoodsthatshechoosestoeat.

C.Thewoman’sefficiencyatcleaningherplateaddstoherdiningexperience.

D.Theauthorisdisgustedbythewoman’sconsumption.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.saltandsweeteners,likecorn-syrupsolidsandbrownsugar,areaddedtothefood

B.wedon’thavetochewourfoodverymuch

C.peoplelikesmokyflavor

D.sugar,fatandsaltchangethebrain

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.darkmeatchicken

B.salt

C.binders

D.honey

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ifyoueattoomuchfoodtooquickly,you’llgainweightandbecomeunhealthy.

B.Becauserefinedfoodisirresistibleandeasytoeat,itmaskshowunhealthyitis,leavingpeopleunawareofthepoorfoodchoicesthey’remaking.

C.Chili’sisoneoftherestaurantsintheU.S.servingunhealthyfoodtoconsumerstoday.

D.FoodconsultantsandauthorsaremakingAmericansawareoftheirunhealthyeatinghabits,thus,creatinghealthiergenerationsforyearstocome.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.pleasure

B.flamboyance

C.lethargy

D.energy

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】36.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。本題采用排除法。將信息點(diǎn)定位為文章第四段。即可排除A、B、C三項(xiàng)。又根據(jù)第五段首句Hadsheknownsomeonewaswatchingher,I’msureshewouldhaveeatendifferently.（如果她知道有人在看著她，我肯定她會(huì)吃得不一樣）得出本題答案。

37.

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干中的overeat，將信息點(diǎn)定位到文章最后一段，從而得出本題答案。選項(xiàng)A、C和D文中都有提及，但這些并不是引起暴飲暴食的原因。

38.

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞eggrolls，將信息點(diǎn)定位為原文第七段。選項(xiàng)A中的darkmeatchicken與原文第七段第二句Cookedwhitemeatchicken,binderadded,smokeflavor.Peoplelikesmokyflavor—it’sthecavemaninthem.中的whitemeatchicken表達(dá)意思相反，從而得出本題答案。

39.

文章主旨題。原文的第一段第一句為本文的主題句，指出sugar、fat和salt改變了人們的大腦，然后列舉了一些例子，并且在文章最后一段對(duì)這些例子進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，指出這種情況產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。從而得出本題答案。

40.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)題干，將信息定位為文章第四段。結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)意，原句中attacked（攻擊）這個(gè)詞不能與pleasure（快樂(lè)）同時(shí)發(fā)生，排除；因?yàn)閣oman并沒(méi)有意識(shí)到誰(shuí)在關(guān)注她，排除flamboyance（華麗）；lethargy“昏睡”意味著懶惰，與主題無(wú)關(guān)，排除。D項(xiàng)符合句意，與后文提到的calories（卡路里，熱量單位）對(duì)應(yīng)。從而得出本題答案。

2.填空題

Familiescomeinmanyshapesandsizes.Whodoyouincludewhenyoutalkabout“yourfamily”？Yourfamilymightbethefamilyyouwerebornintoorthefamilyyouhavecreatedwithyourpartner.Youmightincludejustyourpartner,orfamiliesoneorbothofyoubringfrompreviousrelationships.Youmightlivewithpeopleyouregardasfamilyeventhoughtheyarenotbloodrelatives.Thepossibilitiesaremany.

Familiesmaybebasedondifferentkindsofadultrelationshipsbutthethingtheyhaveincommonisthattheyprovideasenseofbelonging.Theygiveidentityandprovidesupportandsecurity.Yourfamilyismadeupofthepeopleyoucareaboutandthepeoplewhocareaboutyou.Youmightalsowanttoincludeanyclosefriendsthatyouhaveafamily-likerelationshipwith,peopleyoucanrelyonandtrust.Theserelationshipsmightbethepeopleyoulooktowhenyourextendedfamilyliveelsewhereorarenotavailabletogiveyouactivesupport.

Havingaconceptofyourfamilythatgoesbeyondmum,dadandthekidsisalsoimportantwhenadultrelationshipsbreakup.Whenparentsseparate,childrenoftenfindsecurityinwideranddifferentfamilyconnections.Oftenthesetakeindifferentgenerationsandwidercirclesoffriends.

Theword“family”canmeandifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Butnomatterhowourfamiliesaremadeup.Mostsharesomecommonvalues.It'sworththinkingaboutwhattheseare.Whenwestartthinkingvaluesoffamilies,it'slikelythatmostfamilieswillcomeupwithafairlycommonsetofprinciples.Forinstance,mostwouldsaythesupportoneanother,trustoneanother,careforeachotherwhenthingsgettough,sharetheirresourcesandmakesureeveryoneinthefamilyissafe.

It'simportanttotalkaboutwhatbindsustogetherbecausethisishowchildrenlearnabouthowtotreatothers.Whattheylearnathomeaboutrespectingandcaringforothers,andtakingresponsibility,feedsintotheirrelationshipsatschool,onthesportsfield,atworkandeventually,intotheirownfamiliesasadults.

Sometimesparentshaven'thadtheopportunitytothinkaboutthesesortsofthings.Ortheyhavebeenraisedinfamiliesthatwerenotsafe,wheretheywereabused,hurtornotrespected.However,it'spossibletobreakthiscycle.Wecanchoosetobuildfamiliesthataredifferentfromtheoneswegrewupin.

Forinstance,therearelotsofthingswecandotomakeourfamiliesworkwell.Wecanlearnhowtocommunicatesothatourmessagesandfeelingsareunderstoodandweunderstandhowotherpeoplearefeelingandwhattheyaretryingtotellus.

Wecanalsolearnhowtoresolveconflictinsafewaysthatstrengthenourrelationshipsandreinforceourvalues.Conflictisaninevitable,naturalandhealthypartoffamilylife.Nomatterhowclosewearetosomeonewewillfinddifferences,andsomeofthesewillbeirritatingtous.Butonceweunderstandtheotherperson'spointofviewourrelationshipwiththemwillimprove.Andwecanlearnhowtomakedecisionsandplanaheadasafamily.Regardlessofourownbackground,itispossibleforustodecidewhatwewantasafamilyandtakestepstowardsmakingithappen.

Whenthepeopleyoulovemakedecisionsyoudon'tlike,doyouchoosetobelovingorwouldyouratherberight?

Youhavehighexpectationsofthepeopleyoucareabout.Youknowtheyarecapableofdoingwell.Youonlywantwhat'sbestforthem.Maybeyoualsowantwhat'sbestfromthemtoo.That'sabitdifferent.It'saboutwhatyougetratherthanwhattheyget.Lookingatitlikethatyourmotivesmightnotseemsonoble,andyourpartner,oryourteenager,oryourfriendmightbequicktopointthatoutasawayofdiscountingyourview.

Youmightsaytoyourteenager“Ireallyhopeyou'llgotoUniversity.Itwasastruggleformetogetthere.Itookyearsandhadtodoitparttime.Iwantyoutohavethechancetoenjoyitbeforeyougettieddownwithkidsandmortgages.I'mworriedthatyou'llwanttodoitlater,whenI'mnolongerinapositiontohelpyoufinancially.

Willitchangewhattheydo?Probablynot.They'llmaketheirownchoices,completewithpredictedmistakesandunexpectedtriumphs.It'snottheirjobtolivethelifeyouwantedtohave,oreventheoneyouwanttogivethem.

Willtheybefuriouswithyouforinterfering,fortellingthemwhattodo,anddoubtingtheirabilitytocompetentlymanagetheirownlife?Probablynot.Allyou'vedoneistellthemwhatyouwant,andwhattheirdecisionmeansforyou.

Whenyoutellyourownstoryandletpeopleknowhowyoufeel,yourmotivations,yourhopesandyourgoodintentionsaremuchmoreapparent.You'rebeingopenaboutwhatyouhopetogainoravoid.

Itbecomespossibleforsomeonetoappreciateyourconcerneveniftheychooseapathyoudon'tfavor.Theydon'thavetodefendthemselvesbecauseyou'renotcriticizingthem.Theydon'thavetobeattackingbecauseyouarebeingloving.Theydon'thavetoresistyou,becauseyouaren'ttryingtocontrolthem.

Concentrateontalkingaboutyou,yourexperience,yourhopesandfears.Youcan't“fix”someoneelse.Youcanaskabouttheirthoughtsandworriesanddreamsandgetamuchfullerpictureofwhatthey'redoing.

Youcanchoosetobelovingandtakegoodcareoftherelationshipyoushare.Thatwayiftheyeverdoneedadviceorencouragementorsupportyou'llbesomeonetheywanttoturnto.Beinglovingwon'tmakesomeonedancetoyourtune,butitwillhelptokeepaconnectionbetweenyou.

1.Theconceptofone'sfamilycangobeyond（）.

2.Inafamily,memberssupportoneanother,trustoneanother,careforeachotherwhenthingsgettough,andmakesureeveryoneinthefamilyissafe.Allofthiscanbesummarizeas（）.

3.Whatvalueschildrenlearnathomecanfeedsinto（）atschool,onthesportsfield,atwork,andeventuallytheirownfamiliesasadults.

4.Peoplecanbuildbetterfamiliesthatare（）theonestheygrewupinandwhichtheyfeelwereabusive.

5.Whenfamilymembersyoulovemakedecisionsonedoesn'tlike,youhavetobalancebetweenchoosingtobelovingand（）.

【答案】1.mum,dad,andthekids

2.principlesandvaluesoffamily

3.theirrelationships

4.differentfrom

5.choosingtoberight

【解析】1.根據(jù)第三段第一句“Havingaconceptofyourfamilythatgoesbeyondmum,dadandthekidsisalsoimportant...”擁有超越父母和孩子的家庭觀念也很重要。

2.根據(jù)第四段的最后兩句“Whenwestartthinkingvaluesoffamilies,it'slikelythatmostfamilieswillcomeupwithafairlycommonsetofprinciples.Forinstance,...”當(dāng)我們開(kāi)始思考家庭的價(jià)值觀時(shí),很可能大多數(shù)家庭都會(huì)提出一套相當(dāng)普遍的原則,例如,大多數(shù)人會(huì)說(shuō)互相支持,互相信任,當(dāng)事情變得困難時(shí)互相關(guān)心,分享他們的資源,確保家庭中的每個(gè)人都是安全的。

3.根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Whattheylearnathome...,feedsintotheirrelationshipsatschool,...”他們?cè)诩依飳W(xué)到的關(guān)于尊重、關(guān)心他人和承擔(dān)責(zé)任的東西,會(huì)在學(xué)校、運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)上、工作中融入他們的人際關(guān)系,最終會(huì)在成年后融入他們自己的家庭。

4.根據(jù)第六段最后一句“Wecanchoosetobuildfamiliesthataredifferentfromtheoneswegrewupin.”有可能打破這個(gè)循環(huán),我們可以選擇建立與我們成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境不同的家庭。

5.根據(jù)第九段“Whenthepeopleyoulovemakedecisionsyoudon'tlike,doyouchoosetobelovingorwouldyouratherberight?”當(dāng)你愛(ài)的人做出你不喜歡的決定時(shí),你是選擇去愛(ài),還是寧愿做正確的決定?and前后結(jié)構(gòu)需保持一致。

3.單選題

InevertrustedhimbecauseIalwaysthoughtofhimassucha______character.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gracious

B.suspicious

C.unique

D.particular

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。gracious“有禮貌的，優(yōu)美的”；suspicious“可疑的”，unique“獨(dú)一無(wú)二的，唯一的”；particular“特別的”。句意：我一直不相信他，因?yàn)槲矣X(jué)得他是一個(gè)可疑的人。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.翻譯題

首先，額外的學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)孩子的身體發(fā)育是不利的。教育專(zhuān)家指出，孩子在枯燥的教室里待了一整天之后，參加一些體育活動(dòng)，而不是額外的學(xué)習(xí)，是非常重要的。孩子們正處于身體快速發(fā)育時(shí)期，缺乏體育鍛煉可能會(huì)對(duì)他們的生活造成嚴(yán)重的影響。第二，從心理上講，大部分孩子似乎對(duì)額外學(xué)習(xí)沒(méi)有什么好感。當(dāng)別的孩子玩耍的時(shí)候，很難想象一個(gè)學(xué)生能把精力集中在課本上。而且，由于要額外地學(xué)習(xí)，孩子們沒(méi)有多少時(shí)間和同齡的孩子玩耍和交流,很難培養(yǎng)他們的交際能力。他們可能變得孤僻，甚至產(chǎn)生某些心理疾病。通過(guò)以上討論我們可以得出結(jié)論：盡管額外的學(xué)習(xí)的確有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn),但它的缺點(diǎn)不可忽視，遠(yuǎn)大于它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因此，放學(xué)后強(qiáng)迫孩子學(xué)習(xí)是不明智的。任何家長(zhǎng)都應(yīng)非常重視孩子在學(xué)習(xí)和玩耍這兩方面的平衡，正如那句老話：只學(xué)習(xí)，不玩耍，聰明的孩子會(huì)變傻。

【答案】First,additionallearningisdetrimentaltochildren’sphysicaldevelopment.Educationalexpertspointoutthattakingsomesportactivitiesinsteadofextrastudyisveryimportantforchildrenafterspendingthewholedayinaboringclassroom.Childrenareundergoingrapidphysicaldevelopmentandlackingphysicalexercisemightseverelyaffecttheirfuturelife.Second,psychologicallyspeaking,themajorityofchildrendonotseemtolikeextrastudy.Whenotherchildrenareplaying,itishardtoimagineastudentcanbeabsorbedinhistextbook.Furthermore,childrendonothavemuchtimetoplayandcommunicatewiththeirpeersbecauseoftheextralearning.Itisthereforedifficulttodeveloptheirinterpersonalabilities.Theymaybecomewithdrawn,andevensuffercertainmentalillness.Therefore,fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaydrawtheconclusionthat,althoughextrastudyindeedhasmanyobviousadvantages,itsdisadvantagesshouldn’tbeignoredandfarout-weighitsadvantages.Itisthereforeabsurdtoforcechildrentotakeextrastudyafterschool.Anyparentsshouldmakesuretheirchildrenkeepabalancebetweenplayandstudy,astheoldsayinggoes:AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.

5.單選題

Menoccasionallystumbleoverthetruth,butmostofthempickthemselvesupandhurryoffasifnothingeverhappened.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stopover

B.takeover

C.tripover

D.slideover

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)stopover“中途停留；暫留”；B選項(xiàng)takeover“接管；接收”；C選項(xiàng)tripover“被……絆倒”；D選項(xiàng)slideover“略過(guò)；回避”。句意：人們偶爾會(huì)在真理面前……，但大多數(shù)人會(huì)爬起來(lái)就匆匆離去，好像什么事也沒(méi)有發(fā)生過(guò)。根據(jù)后面的關(guān)鍵信息pickthemselvesup“自己爬起來(lái)”，一般人們會(huì)在摔倒后自己爬起來(lái)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

The（）airthatlingersaroundthesewerpipesisenoughtomakeanyonegag.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.raillery

B.noisome

C.supine

D.liturgy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞、名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)raillery“逗趣；開(kāi)玩笑”；B選項(xiàng)noisome“惡臭的；有害的”；C選項(xiàng)supine“仰臥的；懶得動(dòng)的；向后靠的”；D選項(xiàng)liturgy“禮拜儀式；圣餐儀式；禱告文”。句意：縈繞在污水管周?chē)膼撼舻目諝庾阋允谷魏稳酥舷?。結(jié)合句意，B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Hewas（

）totellthetrutheventohisclosedfriend.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.toomuchofacoward

B.toomuchthecoward

C.acowardenough

D.enoughofacoward

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定用法。句意：他太膽怯，甚至都不敢把真相告訴他的好朋友。toomuchofa...todosth.是英語(yǔ)中的固定用法，是too...to...句式與muchofa...句式的混合用法，表示“太…而不能…”，只有A項(xiàng)符合，因此答案選A。

8.單選題

Childrenare（）tohavesomeaccidentsastheygrowup.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.obvious

B.bound

C.indispensable

D.doubtless

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)obvious“明顯的；顯著的；平淡無(wú)奇的”；B選項(xiàng)bound“受約束的；被……限制的”；C選項(xiàng)indispensable“不可缺少的；絕對(duì)必要的”；D選項(xiàng)doubtless“無(wú)疑的”。句意：孩子們?cè)诔砷L(zhǎng)過(guò)程中……會(huì)發(fā)生一些意外。本題還需要注意的是搭配，beboundto表示“必然”符合本句句意。

9.單選題

Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasteadyassaultonsaltfromthedoctors:Saltisbadforyou—regardlessofyourhealth.Politiciansalsogotonboard.“Thereisadirectrelationship，”USCongressmanNealSmithnoted,betweentheamountofsodiumapersonconsumesandheartdisease,circulatorydisorders,strokeandevenearlydeath.”

Frightening,iftrue!Butmanydoctorsandmedicalresearchersarenowbeginningtofeelthesaltscarehasgonetoofar.“Allthishueandcryabouteatingsaltisunnecessary,”Dr.Dustaninsists.“Formostofusitprobablydoesn’tmakemuchdifferencehowmuchsaltweeat.’’Dustan’smostrecentshort-termstudyof150peopleshowedthatthosewithnormalbloodpressureunderwentnochangeatallwhenplacedonanextremelylow-saltdiet,orlaterwhensaltwasreintroduced.Ofthehypertensivesubjects,however,halfofthoseonthelow-saltdietdidexperienceadropinbloodpressure,whichreturnedtoitspreviouslevelwhensaltwasreintroduced.

“Anadequatetosomewhatexcessivesaltintakehasprobablysavedmanymorelivesthanithascostinthegeneralpopulation，”notesDr.JohnH.Laragh.“Soarecommendationthatthewholepopulationshouldavoidsaltmakesnosense.”

Medicalexpertsagreethateveryoneshouldpracticereasonable“moderation”insaltconsumption.Foranaverageperson,amoderateamountmightrunfromfourtotengramsaday,orroughly1/2to1/3ofateaspoon.Theequivalentofonetotwogramsofthissaltallowancewouldcomefromthenaturalsodiuminfood.Therestwouldbeaddedinprocessing,preparationoratthetable.Thosewithkidney,liverorheartproblemsmayhavetolimitdietarysalt,iftheirdoctoradvises.Buteventheveryvocal“l(fā)owsalt”exponent,Dr.ArthurHullHayesJr.admitsthat“wedonotknowwhetherincreasedsodiumconsumptioncauseshypertension.’’Infact,thereisincreasingscientificevidencethatotherfactorsmaybeinvolved:deficienciesincalcium,potassium,perhapsmagnesium,obesity(muchmoredangerousthansodium),genericpredisposition,stress.

“Itisnotyourenemy，”saysDr.Laragh.“SaltistheNo.1naturalcomponentofallhumantissue,andtheideathatyoudon’tneeditiswrong.Unlessyourdoctorhasproventhatyouhaveasalt-relatedhealthproblem,thereisnoreasontogiveitup.”

1.Accordingtosomedoctorsandpoliticians,theamountofsaltconsumed（

）

2.FromDr.Dustan’sstudywecaninferthat（

）

3.Inthethirdparagraph,Dr.Laraghimpliesthat（

）

4.Whatisthemainmessageofthistext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exhibitsasanaggravatingfactortopeopleinpoorhealth.

B.curesdiseasessuchasstrokeandcirculatorydisorders.

C.correlateshighlywithsomediseases.

D.isirrelevanttopeoplesufferingfromheartdisease.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.alow-saltdietmaybeprescribedforsomepeople.

B.theamountofsaltintakehasnothingtodowithone’sbloodpressure.

C.thereductionofsaltintakecancureahypertensivepatient.

D.anextremelylow-saltdietmakesnodifferencetoanyone.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.peopleshouldnotbeafraidoftakingexcessivesalt.

B.doctorsshouldnotadvisepeopletoavoidsalt.

C.anadequatetoexcessivesaltintakeisrecommendedforpeopleindisease.

D.excessivesaltintakehasclaimedsomevictimsinthegeneralpopulation.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thatthesaltscareisnotjustified.

B.Thattheoriginofhypertensionisnowfound.

C.Thatthemoderateuseofsaltisrecommended.

D.Thatsaltconsumptionistobepromoted.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的文章意思，以及第三句中的“directrelationship”，可以得出選項(xiàng)C最符合題意。

2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段的內(nèi)容，試驗(yàn)中一半的高血壓患者在食用低鹽食品時(shí)血壓有所降低，可以推斷出低鹽飲食可以作為治療高血壓患者的一個(gè)方法。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，充足或者稍微過(guò)量的攝入鹽，會(huì)拯救更多的人，而不是只會(huì)害死人，不可能建議所有人群都禁止食用食鹽。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.信息歸納題。根據(jù)文章意思，A選項(xiàng)中的理論并未得到證實(shí)，B和D選項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及。用排除法可知，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

Manypeoplehavethe___abouttheblindanddeaf.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.misconceptions

B.frustration

C.confession

D.acknowledgement

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)misconceptions“迷思概念；錯(cuò)誤的想法”；B選項(xiàng)frustration“挫折”；C選項(xiàng)confession“懺悔；告解；供認(rèn)；表白”；D選項(xiàng)acknowledgement“承認(rèn)；確認(rèn)；感謝”。句意：許多人對(duì)盲人和聾人有___。本句表達(dá)“對(duì)盲人和聾人有誤解”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Ifweacceptthatwecannotpreventscienceandtechnologyfromchangingourworld,wecanatleasttryto（1）thatthechangestheymakeareintherightdirections.Inademocraticsociety,thismeansthatthepublicneedstohaveabasicunderstandingofscience（2）itcanmakeinformeddecisionsandnot（3）theminthehandsofexperts.Atthemoment,thepublichasaratherambivalentattitude（4）science.Ithascometoexpectthesteadyincreaseinthestandardof（5）thatnewdevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyhavebroughttocontinue,butitalsodistrustssciencebecauseitdoesn’tunderstandit.Thisdistrustisevidentinthecartoon（6）ofthemadscientistworkinginhislaboratorytoproduceaFrankenstein.Itisalsoanimportant（7）behindsupportfortheGreenparties.

Whatcanbedoneto（8）thisinterestandgivethepublicthescientificbackgrounditneedstomakeinformeddecisionsonsubjectslikeacidrain,thegreenhouseeffect,nuclearweapons,andgeneticengineering?Clearly,thebasismustlieinwhatistaughtinschools.Butinschoolsscienceisoften（9）inadryanduninterestingmanner.Childrenlearnitbyrotetopassexaminations,andtheydon’tseeits（10）totheworldaroundthem.Moreover,scienceisoftentaughtintermsofequations.Althoughequationsareaconciseandaccuratewayofdescribingmathematicsideas,theyfrightenmostpeople.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assess

B.discern

C.ensure

D.anticipate

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.because

B.sothat

C.despitethat

D.though

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.clutch

B.leave

C.fabricate

D.nurture

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.about

B.with

C.upon

D.toward

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.living

B.life

C.survival

D.lives

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.literature

B.person

C.art

D.figure

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.role

B.concept

C.element

D.index

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.constrain

B.harness

C.foster

D.extinguish

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.presented

B.conducted

C.portrayed

D.utilized

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.meaning

B.contribution

C.application

D.relevance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:C

第10題:B

【解析】（1）名詞詞義辨析。assess“評(píng)估”;discern“辨別”;ensure“確保”;anticipate“預(yù)期”。句意：我們不能阻止科學(xué)和技術(shù)改變我們的世界，我們至少可以努力確保這些改變是正確的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（2）邏輯推理。根據(jù)文意，在民主社會(huì)中，公民需要對(duì)科學(xué)有一個(gè)基本的了解，以便于他們可以自己做出明智的決定。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（3）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。clutch“抓住”;leave“留給”;fabricate“編造”;nurture“養(yǎng)育”。句意：人們可以做出明智的決定，而不會(huì)把問(wèn)題都留在專(zhuān)家手中。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（4）短語(yǔ)搭配。attitudetowards“對(duì)……的態(tài)度”，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（5）短語(yǔ)搭配。根據(jù)文意，人們想要提高生活水平，故“standardofliving”生活水平符合題意。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（6）根據(jù)文意，人們對(duì)科學(xué)的不信任，體現(xiàn)在動(dòng)畫(huà)中塑造的那些科學(xué)家卡通人物，他們?cè)趯?shí)驗(yàn)室制造科學(xué)怪人。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（7）名詞詞義辨析。role“角色，任務(wù)”；concept“概念，想法”；element“要素”；index“指數(shù)”。句意：這個(gè)在支持綠黨中發(fā)揮著重要作用。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（8）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。constrain“強(qiáng)迫”；harness“利用”；foster“培養(yǎng)”；extinguish“熄滅”。句意：為了讓公眾們做出明智的決定，我們應(yīng)該怎么做去培養(yǎng)他們的興趣以及給他們提供科學(xué)背景呢？選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（9）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。present“提出”；conduct“指揮，管理”，portray“描繪”；utilize“利用”。句意：但是在學(xué)校，科學(xué)往往是以一種枯燥無(wú)味的方式描繪出來(lái)的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（10）名詞詞義辨析。meaning“含義”；contribution“貢獻(xiàn)”；application“應(yīng)用”；relevance“相關(guān)性”根據(jù)文意，孩子們學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)只是為了通過(guò)考試，不了解科學(xué)對(duì)他們周?chē)氖澜鐜?lái)的好處。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.填空題

Theefforttoclarifythebewilderingnumberofinterrelatedobservations________bypsychoanalyticexplorationledtothed