考研考博-英語-保山學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-保山學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

SigmundFreudlivedmostofhislifeinVienna,Austria.HewastrainedinmedicineandestablishedtheInternationalPsychoanalyticAssociationin1910.Thisexcerptisfromatranslationofa1923work,TheEgoandtheId.

Therearecertainpeoplewhobehaveinaquitepeculiarfashionduringtheworkofanalysis.Whenonespeakshopefullytothemorexpressessatisfactionwiththeprogressofthetreatment,theyshowsignsofdiscontentandtheirconditioninvariablybecomesworse.Onebeginsbyregardingthisasdefianceandasanattempttoprovetheirsuperioritytothephysician,butlateronecomestotakeadeeperandjusterview.Onebecomesconvinced,notonlythatsuchpeoplecannotendureanypraiseorappreciation,butthattheyreactinverselytotheprogressofthetreatment.Everypartialsolutionthatoughttoresult;andinotherpeopledoesresult,inanimprovementoratemporarysuspensionofsymptomsproducesinthemfortheexacerbationoftheirillness;theygetworseduringthetreatmentinsteadofgettingbetter.Theexhibitwhatisknownasa“negativetherapeuticreaction.”

Thereisnodoubtthatthereissomethinginthesepeoplethatsetsitselfagainsttheirrecovery,anditsapproachisdreadedasthoughitwereadanger.Weareaccustomedtosaythattheneedforillnesshasgottheupperhandinthemoverthedesireforrecovery.Ifweanalyzethisresistanceintheusualway—then,evenafterallowancehasbeenmadeforanattitudeofdefiancetowardsthephysicianandforfixationtothevariousformsofgainfromillness,thegreaterpartofitisstillleftover;andthisrevealsitselfasthemostpowerfulofallobstaclestorecovery,morepowerfulthanthefamiliaronesofnarcissisticinaccessibility,anegativeattitudetowardsthephysicianandclingingtothegainfromillness.

Intheend,wecometoseethatwearedealingwithwhatmaybecalleda“moral”factor,asenseofguiltwhichisfindingsatisfactionintheillnessandrefusestogiveupthepunishmentofsuffering.Weshallberightinregardingthisdishearteningexplanationasfinal.Butasfarasthepatientisconcernedthissenseofguiltisdumb;itdoesnottellhimheisguilty;hedoesnotfeelguilty,hefeelsill.Thissenseofguiltexpressesitselfonlyasaresistancetorecoverywhichisextremelydifficulttoovercome.Itisalsoparticulardifficulttoconvincethepatientthatthismotiveliesbehindhiscontinuingtobeill,heholdsfasttothemoreobviousexplanationthattreatmentbyanalysisisnottherightremedyforhiscase.

1.Agoodtitleforthispassagemightbe（

）.

2.FromthepassagewecanlearnthatFreudmeansthatthesepatients

（

）.

3.Freud’sstudyofthissyndromeleadshimtothinkthat

（

）.

4.DoesFreudfeelthatanalysisisnotrightforthepatientshedescribes?

問題1選項

A.AnInverseReactiontoProgress

B.TheNeedforAnalysis

C.GuiltandSuffering

D.IntroductiontoFreud’sIdeas

問題2選項

A.actcontrarytoaphysician’sexpectations

B.getworsewhentheyshouldgetbetter

C.getbetterwhentheyshouldgetworse

D.bothAandB

問題3選項

A.mostpatientsrespondbadlytopraise

B.patientsneedtotrusttheirphysicians

C.patients’guiltmaykeepthemfromgettingwell

D.thepatients’personalemotionsneedtobeanalyzed

問題4選項

A.Yes,hefeelstheyareinlovewiththeirillness.

B.Yes,hefeelsthattheyaretooilltorecover.

C.Yes,hesensesthattheyneedanotherremedy.

D.No,butthepatientsoftenfeelthatway.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第一段中Thisexcerptisfromatranslationofa1923work,TheEgoandtheId.“本文節(jié)選自1923年的作品《自我與本我》?！迸c第二段Therearecertainpeoplewhobehaveinaquitepeculiarfashionduringtheworkofanalysis.Whenonespeakshopefullytothemorexpressessatisfactionwiththeprogressofthetreatment,theyshowsignsofdiscontentandtheirconditioninvariablybecomesworse.“在分析工作中，有些人的行為舉止相當奇特。當人們滿懷希望地與他們交談，或?qū)χ委煹倪M展表示滿意時，他們就會表現(xiàn)出不滿的跡象，病情總是會惡化?！笨赏浦狣項“對弗洛伊德觀點的介紹”正確。其他三項都是文中未提及的內(nèi)容。

2.判斷推理題。定位到第二段中的butthattheyreactinverselytotheprogressofthetreatment.“但是它們對治療過程的反應(yīng)是相反的。”和theygetworseduringthetreatmentinsteadofgettingbetter.“他們在治療過程中病情惡化，而不是好轉(zhuǎn)”?？芍狝項與B項正確，故答案為D。

3.判斷推理題。由最后一段中Weshallberightinregardingthisdishearteningexplanationasfinal.我們將正確地把這個令人沮喪的解釋作為最后的解釋”。和“Thissenseofguiltexpressesitselfonlyasaresistancetorecoverywhichisextremelydifficulttoovercome.這種內(nèi)疚感只表現(xiàn)為對恢復(fù)的抗拒，而恢復(fù)是極其難以克服的”。可知C項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題由最后一段中Itisalsoparticulardifficulttoconvincethepatientthatthismotiveliesbehindhiscontinuingtobeill,heholdsfasttothemoreobviousexplanationthattreatmentbyanalysisisnottherightremedyforhiscase.要讓病人相信他繼續(xù)患病的動機是非常困難的，他堅持更明顯的解釋，即通過分析治療并不是對他的病例的正確治療”。可知D項正確。

2.單選題

TheassessmentreportsoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangehaveprovidedthescientificevidenceofhumanimpactontheclimate,andaglimpseofwhatthefuturemayholdifwedon’tactfast.Butwhiletheconsensusmaybegrowingontheneedforchangesinbehavior,we’renoclosertounderstandinghowwe’regoingtodoit.Attemptinganunprecedentedshiftinhumanbehaviorwithouttheinputofpsychologistsislikesettingsailforafarawaylandwithouttheaidofnauticalmaps.

PsychologicalresearchshowsthatmostpeopleintheUKdon’tfeelpersonallythreatenedbyclimatechangebecauseitisvague,abstractanddifficulttovisualize.Thismeansthatdoomsdayscenariosandapocalypticlanguageareunlikelytowork—althoughfearcanmotivatebehaviorchange,itonlyworkswhenpeoplefeelpersonallyvulnerable.

AnAmericanstudyplayedpeoplerecordingsofactorsdeliveringspeechesaboutclimatechange.Theversionthatpeoplerespondedtothebesttalkedabout“airpollution”ratherthan“climatechange”—becausepollutionissomethingvisiblethattheycouldrelateto,withstrongconnotationsofdirtinessandpoorhealth.Climatechangeisaboutmuchmorethanjustdirtyair,butfindingwaysofmakingclimatechangemorevisibleiscritical.Peoplesimplydon’tworryaboutthingstheycan’tsee(orevenimagine).Oneapproachthathasbeenusedtoincreasetheamountthatpeopleusepublictransportbreaksdownhabitsintosimple“if…then”plans.Tochangeahabitualbehavior,apersonhastoidentifyagoal(driveless,forexample),abehaviortheywanttoperforminpursuitofthatgoal(getthebustoworkonFridays)andasituationthatwilltriggerthebehavior(havingenoughtimetocatchthebus).

Ofcourse,somepeoplearecautiousaboutcommittingthemselvestochangesintheirpersonalbehavior.Theyarguethatpoliticalagreementsandtechnologicaladvanceswilldomoretoreducegreen-housegasesthananythinganindividualcouldachieve.Butwhileitiscomfortingtodrawsharpdistinctionsbetweenpolitics,technologyandindividuals,therealityisthathumanbehaviorsupportsitall.Politicalpartieswillnotpasslegislationthatispatentlyunpopularamongtheelectorate.Technologycanprovidelow-carbonalternativeslikeelectricbuses.Butazero-emissionsbuswillhavezeropassengersunlesspeopledecidetouseit.

IfthethoughtofpsychologicallyinformedlifestylechangecampaignssoundsabittooBigBrotherforyourliking,thenconsiderthealternative:millionsofpoundsspentontechnologythatisnevertakenup,andamarket-basedsystemofeconomiccoercionthatpenalizesthepoorwhiletherichkeeppolluting.Withoutanunderstandingofwhatdrivespeople’senvironmentalbehavior,thedreamofalow-carbonsocietywillremainforeveroutofreach.

16.Infaceofclimatechange,mostpeople（）.

17.Whichofthefollowingactivitiesmightbethemosteffectivewaytomotivateenvironmentalbehaviors?

18.TheauthorwritesParagraph4to（）.

19.Thephrase“BigBrother”(Line1,Paragraph5)probablymeans（）.

20.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

問題1選項

A.turnablindeyetotheapproachingthreat

B.feelunabletotakesuchabigresponsibility

C.endeavortofindoutasolutionwithpsychology

D.takenoenvironmentallyfriendlyaction

問題2選項

A.Watchingadisasterfilm.

B.Holdingaspeechonclimatechange.

C.Appealingforgreenlights.

D.Publicizinglawnadoption.

問題3選項

A.denytheroleofpoliticsandtechnologyinenvironmentalprotection

B.explainhowtodivideresponsibilitiesinenvironmentalprotection

C.showindividuals,politicsandtechnologyareindispensableinenvironmentalprotection

D.displaytheimportanceofhumanbehaviorinenvironmentalprotection

問題4選項

A.manipulative

B.troublesome

C.insightful

D.progressive

問題5選項

A.Behaviorchangeisthemostimportantlinkinenvironmentalprotection.

B.Psychologyisthemissinglinkintheclimatechangedebate.

C.Themotivationofpeople’senvironmentalbehavior.

D.Thepsychologicalwaytochangehumanbehavior.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。題干：面對氣候變化，大多數(shù)人___________。通過文章第二段第一句話PsychologicalresearchshowsthatmostpeopleintheUKdon’tfeelpersonallythreatenedbyclimatechangebecauseitisvague,abstractanddifficulttovisualize.（心理學(xué)研究表明，大多數(shù)英國人感覺不到氣候變化的威脅，因為氣候變化是模糊的、抽象的、難以想象的。），可知，A選項“對臨近的危險熟視無睹”，符合題意。B選項“感到不能承擔如此重大的責任”，C選項“用心理學(xué)的方法努力找出解決辦法”，D選項“不采取環(huán)保行動”在文中均未提及。所以本題的正確選項是A選項。

2.推理判斷題。題干：以下那個行動可能是激發(fā)環(huán)境保護行為最有效的方法？通過第三段首句的內(nèi)容AnAmericanstudyplayedpeoplerecordingsofactorsdeliveringspeechesaboutclimatechange.Theversionthatpeoplerespondedtothebesttalkedabout“airpollution”ratherthan“climatechange”—becausepollutionissomethingvisiblethattheycouldrelateto（美國的一項研究給人們播放了演員就氣候變化發(fā)表演講的錄音。人們反應(yīng)最好的版本談?wù)摰氖恰翱諝馕廴尽薄倍皇恰皻夂蜃兓薄驗槲廴臼撬麄兛梢月?lián)系到的可見的東西），可以推斷，A選項“看災(zāi)難片”，B選項“就氣候變化問題發(fā)表演講”，都不可能刺激人們做出環(huán)境保護的行為。第三段倒數(shù)第二句話Tochangeahabitualbehavior,apersonhastoidentifyagoal(driveless,forexample)（要改變習(xí)慣性行為，一個人必須確定一個目標(例如少開車)），說明方法必須是具體化而且有目的的，只有D選項“宣傳草坪采用”，具體到了某一事件。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為D選項。

3.推理判斷題。題干：作者寫第4段，是為了_________。第四段的主要內(nèi)容是人們認為政治協(xié)議和技術(shù)進步在減少溫室氣體排放方面所起的作用比任何個人都要大。但現(xiàn)實是如果法律不夠民眾歡迎，政黨不會通過。說明政治，技術(shù)和環(huán)境自然界限清楚，但是在環(huán)境保護中缺一不可。所以C選項“表明個人、政治和技術(shù)在環(huán)境保護中是不可或缺的”，符合題意。A選項“否認政治和技術(shù)在環(huán)境保護中的作用”，作者在第四段并沒有否認政治和技術(shù)在環(huán)境保護中的重要性，排除A選項。B選項“解釋在環(huán)境保護中如何劃分責任”，第四段表明，政治、技術(shù)、個人在環(huán)境保護中界限清晰，但是并沒有劃分清楚各自的責任，所以B選項也不正確。D選項“表明人類行為在環(huán)境保護中的重要性”，人類行為在環(huán)境保護中固然重要，但這也離不開政治和技術(shù)的支持。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為C選項。

4.推理判斷題。題干：詞組“BigBrother”(第五段第一行)的意思可能是________。第五段第一句話IfthethoughtofpsychologicallyinformedlifestylechangecampaignssoundsabittooBigBrotherforyourliking,thenconsiderthealternative：millionsofpoundsspentontechnologythatisnevertakenup,andamarket-basedsystemofeconomiccoercionthatpenalizesthepoorwhiletherichkeeppolluting.（如果從心理上改變生活方式的運動聽起來有點太老大哥了，那就考慮另一種選擇。數(shù)百萬英鎊花在了從未被使用的技術(shù)上，以及一個以市場為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)濟強制體系上，這個體系懲罰窮人，而富人卻繼續(xù)造成污染。），所以這里“BigBrother”指的是獨裁的方法，因此A選項“操作的，操縱的”，符合題意。B選項“麻煩的，討厭的”，C選項“有深刻見解的，富有洞察力的”，D選項“進步的，先進的”均不是文章想表達的意思。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為A選項。

5.主旨大意題。題干：以下那個選項是文章最好的標題？文章開頭表明，人類對于氣候改變帶來的影響沒有太多的危機意識，因為他們認為氣候變化是模糊的難以想象出來的。之后展開說明人們對習(xí)慣性行為的改變，需要明確目標，才能觸發(fā)行為。政府、科技和個人對環(huán)境保護同等重要。如果不了解是什么驅(qū)使人們做出環(huán)境保護，那么低碳社會的夢想將永遠無法實現(xiàn)。所以說個人做出行為改變的動機尤其重要，C選項“人們環(huán)境行為的動機”，可以很好的總結(jié)全文。A選項“行為改變是環(huán)境保護中最重要的環(huán)節(jié)”，B選項“心理學(xué)是氣候變化辯論中缺失的一環(huán)?！盌選項“改變?nèi)祟愋袨榈男睦韺W(xué)方法。”三個選項對文章內(nèi)容及主旨的概括不是那么全面。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為C選項。

3.單選題

（）thattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflaborneededonconstructionsitesby90percent.

問題1選項

A.Socleveraretheconstructionrobots

B.Soclevertheconstructionrobotsare

C.Suchconstructionrobotsareclever

D.Suchcleverconstructionrobotsare

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。so/such和that搭配都可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，such后接名詞，so后接副詞或形容詞，結(jié)構(gòu)：so+adj.+a/an+名詞，such+a/an+adj.+名詞，so和such謂語句首要用部分倒裝，選項A符合題意。句意：建筑用機器人是如此的聰明，以至于他們能夠減少工地用量的百分之九十。選項A符合題意。

4.單選題

Environmentalistsaredoingeverythingwithintheirpowerto（）theimpactoftheoilspill.

問題1選項

A.reject

B.belittle

C.minimize

D.reclaim

【答案】C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

動詞詞義辨析。reject“拒絕”；belittle“輕視，貶低”；minimize“最小化”；reclaim“開拓，回收利用”。句意：環(huán)保人士正在盡其所能將石油泄漏的影響降到最低。選項C符合題意。

5.問答題

Notallofthepeoplelikethismovie.(popular)

【答案】Thismovieisnotpopularinallofthepeople.

6.單選題

Publicspeakingfillsmostpeoplewithdread.Humiliationisthegreatestfear;self-exposureandfailingtoappealtotheaudiencecomeaclosesecond.Womenhateitmost,sincegirlsarepressurizedfromanearlyagetobeconcernedwithappearancesofallkinds.

Mostpeoplehaveplentyofinsecurities,andthisseemslikeasituationthatwillbringthemout.Ifyouwereunderpressuretobeperfect,youareterrifiedoffallinginthemostpublicofways.

Whileextrovertswillfeellessfearbeforetheordeal,itdoesnotmeantheywillnecessarilydoitbetter.Someveryshypeoplemanagetoshine.WhenImettheBritishcomedianJulianClary,hewasshyandcautious,yethisTVperformancesareperfect.

Infact,personalityisnotthebestpredictorofwhodoesitwell.Regardlessofwhatyouarelikeinreallife,thekeyseemstobetoactyourself.Actualacting,asinperformingthescriptedlinesofacharacterotherthanyourself,doesnotdothejob.Whilepoliticiansmaylimitdamagebyhavingcarefullyrehearsed,writtenscriptstospeakfrom,thereisalwaysahiddenawarenessamongtheaudiencethatthewordsmightnotbetrue.

Likewise,theincrediblyperfectspeechesofmanyAmericanacademicsarefarfromnatural.Youmayendupbuyingtheirbookonthewayout,butsoonafterwards,itismuchlikefastfood,andyougetanamelesssensethatyou’vebeencheated.

Although,asEarlSpencerprovedathissisterPrincessDiana’sfuneral,itispossiblebothtoprepareeverywordandtoactnaturally.Ascriptrarelyworksanditisusedtohelpmostspeakers.

But,beingyourselfdoesn’tworkeither.Ifyouspokeasifyouwereinyourownkitchen,itwouldbetooauthentic,toounawareoftheneedtocommunicatewithanaudience.

IremembergoingtoseeBritishpsychiatristR.D.Laingspeakinpublic.Hebehavedlikeaseriouslyoddperson,talkingoffthetopofhishead.Althoughhewastalkingaboutmadnessandhewroteonmentalillness,heseemedtobeexhibitingratherthanexplainingit.

Thebestpsychologicalplacefromwhichtospeakisanunselfconsciousself-consciousness,providingtheillusionofbeingnatural.Studiessuggestthatthisstateof“flow”，aspsychologistscallit,isverysatisfying.

1.“This”inParagraphTworefersto（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheauthor’sviewpoint?

3.Whatistheauthor’sviewonpersonality?

4.TheauthorimpliesthatwhilespeakingR.D.Laing（）.

5.Inthelastparagraphtheauthorrecommendsthat（）.

問題1選項

A.insecurity

B.senseoffailure

C.publicspeaking

D.pressure

問題2選項

A.Actinglikeperformersspoilsthemessageinaspeech.

B.Perfectionofscriptsisnecessaryinmakinggoodimpressions.

C.Actingnaturallymeanslessdependenceonthepreparedscript.

D.Thereshouldbeabalancebetweenactualactingandactingnaturally.

問題3選項

A.Personalityisthekeytosuccessinpublicspeaking.

B.Extrovertsarebetterpublicspeakers.

C.Introvertshavetolearnhardertobegoodspeakers.

D.Factorsotherthanpersonalityensurebetterperformance.

問題4選項

A.wasbothtoocasualandauthentic

B.wasactinglikeaperformer

C.waskeepingagoodbalance

D.wasawareofhisaudience

問題5選項

A.youforgetaboutyournervousness

B.youfeelnaturalandspeaknaturally

C.youmayfeelnervous,butappearnaturally

D.youmayimagineyourselftobenatural

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干：文章第二段的“this”指的是___________。第一段說到演講使很多人望而卻步。首先是因為害羞，其次是害怕在眾人面前露面而且擔心不能吸引聽眾。女人尤其討厭演講，因為女孩子從小就感受到各種公開露面的壓力。然后定位到文章第二段Mostpeoplehaveplentyofinsecurities,andthisseemslikeasituationthatwillbringthemout.（很多人都有較強的不安全感，這項活動似乎可以引發(fā)人們的不安全感。），根據(jù)上下文可知，指示代詞this指代本篇主題：公開演講。所以本題的正確選項是C“公開演講”。

2.推理判斷題。題干：以下哪個選項不是作者的觀點________。第四段第三句話Actualacting,asinperformingthescriptedlinesofacharacterotherthanyourself,doesnotdothejob.像真正的演員那樣表演，就像是在念別人的臺詞而不是你自己的臺詞一樣，往往是行不通的。對應(yīng)A選項“表演得像演員一樣會破壞演講中的信息”的內(nèi)容。第五段第一句話Likewise,theincrediblyperfectspeechesofmanyAmericanacademicsarefarfromnatural.Youmayendupbuyingtheirbookonthewayout,butsoonafterwards,itismuchlikefastfood,andyougetanamelesssensethatyou’vebeencheated.（同樣地，許多美國學(xué)者的完美地不可思議的演講都極不自然。你可能會在聽完演講后買他們的書，但是很快，你會有一種莫名的上當受騙的感覺，就像吃完快餐食品后的感覺一樣。聽完許多完美地不可思議的演講后往往會有一種莫名的上當受騙的感覺。），說明太完美的內(nèi)容讓演講不自然，和B選項“為了給人留下好印象，完美的劇本是必要的”表達的意思不符合，所以本題應(yīng)該選擇B選項。第六段的第二句話Ascriptrarelyworksanditisusedtohelpmostspeakers.（但是稿子很少能起作用，它只是大多數(shù)演講者的拐杖而已。）和C選項“自然的表演意味著少依賴準備好的劇本”內(nèi)容對應(yīng)，綜合以上，可以推斷出即使是精心準備的演講也不一定能夠博得聽眾的好感，所以D選項“在真實的表演和自然的表演之間應(yīng)該有一個平衡?！币彩钦_的。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為B選項。

3.推理判斷題。題干：關(guān)于個性，哪一項是作者的觀點？通過第四段第一句話Infact,personalityisnotthebestpredictorofwhodoesitwell.（事實上，性格并不能最準確地預(yù)測出一個人能否成功。），可推斷出A選項“性格是成功演講的關(guān)鍵”錯誤。通過第三段第一句話Whileextrovertswillfeellessfearbeforetheordeal,itdoesnotmeantheywillnecessarilydoitbetter.Someveryshypeoplemanagetoshine.（性格外向的人在這種折磨下比性格內(nèi)向的人感受到的恐懼要小些，但這并不意味著他們一定會比性格內(nèi)向的人做得更好。有些很害羞的人也能成功得使自己脫穎而出。）可推斷出B選項“外向的人是更好的公眾演說家”錯誤，和C選項“內(nèi)向的人要想成為優(yōu)秀的演講者必須更加努力學(xué)習(xí)”錯誤。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞personality定位到第四段：Infact，personalityisnotthebestpredictorofwhodoesitwell．Regardlessofwhatyouarelikeinreallife，thekeyseemstobetoactyourself．（人的性格并非做好演講的最好標準，關(guān)鍵在于其他因素。）。綜上所述，本題D選項“人格之外的因素保證了更好的表現(xiàn)”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題干：當提起R.D.Laing時，作者暗示________。通過題干關(guān)鍵詞“R.D.Laing”定位到第八段Hebehavedlikeaseriouslyoddperson,talkingoffthetopofhishead.Althoughhewastalkingaboutmadnessandhewroteonmentalillness,heseemedtobeexhibitingratherthanexplainingit.（當他即興發(fā)言的時候表現(xiàn)地好像個十足的怪人。盡管他那天談?wù)摰氖怯嘘P(guān)瘋狂的話題，而且他的文章寫的是精神病，他看起來就像是在表演而不是在進行解釋。），因此R.D.Laing在演講時更多的是在表演，是在作秀，故B選項“表現(xiàn)得像個表演者”為正確答案。其他三項在文中均未提及，排除。

5.推理判斷題。題干：在最后一段，作者建議_________。定位到文章最后一段，Thebestpsychologicalplacefromwhichtospeakisanunselfconsciousself-consciousness,providingtheillusionofbeingnatural.（演講時的最佳心理狀態(tài)是無意識的自我意識，從而獲得表現(xiàn)自然的幻覺。），所以本題的正確答案是D選項“你可以想象自己是自然的”，A選項“你會忘記你的緊張”，文章并沒有暗示演講時會忘記你的緊張，所以A選項排除，B選項“你感覺自然，說話自然”，最后一段表達的意思是，心里狀態(tài)要自然，并沒有提及說話需不需要自然，所以B選項排除，C選項“你可能會感到緊張，但要表現(xiàn)得自然”文章表達的是要克服緊張的心里情緒，所以C選項也不正確，綜上所述，本題的正確答案為D選項。

7.單選題

QuestionsgrewoverSilvioBerlusconi’sabilitytoholdhiscoalitiontogether,afterheonlynarrowlywonavoteof（）inthelowerhouseofItaly’sparliament.

問題1選項

A.confidence

B.account

C.thanks

D.support

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項confidence“信心，信任，秘密”；B選項account“賬戶，解釋，賬目，賬單，理由，描述”；C選項thanks“謝謝”；D選項support“支持，幫助，支撐物，支撐，扶持，物質(zhì)援助，安慰”。句意：西爾維奧?貝盧斯科尼(SilvioBerlusconi)在意大利議會下院僅以微弱優(yōu)勢贏得一票支持后，人們對他維持聯(lián)盟團結(jié)的能力產(chǎn)生了質(zhì)疑。avoteofsupport投票支持，因此D選項正確。

8.單選題

Thisbookshouldbewell-recommendedwithinthe（

）ofanyonewhohasstudiedEnglishforfouryears.

問題1選項

A.possession

B.competence

C.confidence

D.qualification

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:應(yīng)向?qū)W過四年英語的人力薦這本書。

possession:擁有，所有,個人財產(chǎn)。competence:能力，勝任,本領(lǐng)。confidence:信心。qualification:資格，條件。

9.單選題

Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviorisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.

Theresearchersstudiedthebehavioroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-cooperativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodandservices”thanmales.

SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.deWaal’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviorbecamemarkedlydifferent.

Intheworldofcapuchins,grapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.

Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby______.

2.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,paragraph1)impliesthat______.

3.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare______.

4.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys______.

5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.posingacontrast

B.justifyinganassumption

C.makingacomparison

D.explainingaphenomenon

問題2選項

A.monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackingrivals

B.resentingunfairnessisalsomonkey’snature

C.monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother

D.noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions

問題3選項

A.moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget

B.attentivetoresearchers’instructions

C.niceinbothappearanceandtemperament

D.moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions

問題4選項

A.prefergrapestocucumbers

B.canbetaughttoexchangethings

C.willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated

D.areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers

問題5選項

A.Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.

B.Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.

C.Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.

D.Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyintheworld.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“開篇作者是通過什么方法切入主題？”。首段舉出人們對加薪不等的事情會氣憤，說這種行為是“人類化的”(alltoohuman)，但現(xiàn)在有研究表明這種行為也是“猴子化的”(alltoomonkey)行為。這里對這種行為的兩種可能的屬性進行類比以引出全文的主題；B項“證實一種假設(shè)”，原文提出的假定原本是人與猴不一樣，所以該項錯誤；D項“解釋一種現(xiàn)象”，這個說法不能夠?qū)㈤_頭和主題的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系結(jié)合起來。另外根據(jù)第二段第二行l(wèi)iketheirfemalehumancounterparts（就像女性人類一樣）可知，這是比較的相同點；A項“指出對比”和C項“做出對照”看起來都是對的，但是A項里面的contrast是指不同處的比較，comparison是指相同處的比較，因此該題C選項正確。

2.【試題解析】細節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“第一段最后一行的句子itisalltoomoney暗示什么？”。先找到alltoohuman的是什么行為，根據(jù)第二句Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.（然而，如果你得知一位同事的工資比你高，你自己的快樂就會消失）和第三句Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.（事實上，如果他以懶散著稱，你甚至可能會感到憤怒）可以推斷出，人類對不公平的待遇會憤怒；最后一句提到有研究表明猴子也有這種行為，稱為alltoomonkey；因此alltoomonkey暗示對不公平的憎恨猴子也會。A項“猴子也會被懶散的競爭對手激怒”，文中只是提到人會被懶散的競爭對手激怒，沒有說動物也會被懶散的競爭對手激怒，所以不選；C項“猴子和人一樣，也會彼此嫉妒”是干擾項，文中的主題是告訴大家猴子和人一樣對不公平也會憤怒；D項“除了猴子沒有動物能夠培養(yǎng)出這樣的感情”，文中沒有提到其他動物，所以不選。因此該題只有B選項正確。

3.【試題解析】細節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“選擇雌性卷尾猴作為研究對象，很可能是因為它們確實是……？”。第二段最后一句提到liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.（和人類女性一樣，它們往往比男性更關(guān)注“商品和服務(wù)”的價值），可知雌性猴子比雄性猴子更會權(quán)衡。B項“注意研究員的指示”，沒提到，所以不選；C項“漂亮且性情溫和”，第二段確實提到了雌性猴子可愛且性情溫和，但是這不是它們會被作為研究對象的原因，是因為它們和人類女性一樣對價值的權(quán)衡才是研究的原因；D項“比雄性伙伴更大方”也未提及。因此A選項正確。

4.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“Brosnan博士和deWaal博