漢英翻譯之漢語句子中否定表達的翻譯公開課一等獎省優(yōu)質課大賽獲獎課件

漢語句子中否定表示翻譯主講：桂妙妙一漢語否定句：漢語中否定概念經過詞匯伎倆來表示，否定句帶有否定字詞標識。比如：我不喜歡這部電影。他這么說毫無道理。你得趕快走，不然會遲到。漢語中也慣用“不怎么，不總是，幾乎不，幾乎沒有，不都是，并非全部”等詞來表示部分否定。慣用“不….沒有”“非….不”“非…..莫”“不是….不”“決不….沒有”等來表示雙重否定。二英語否定句英語表示否定概念一樣采取詞匯伎倆。如可借助否定詞no,never,nor,not,neither等，或含有否定意義詞語，如hardly,rarely,seldom,barely,scarcely,narrowly,few,little等。以及由前綴no-,non-,in-,dis-,un-,im-,和后綴-less等組成詞語。英語中含有否定意義詞匯，還包含其它各類詞語和詞組：動詞：lack,fail,deny,miss,exclude,runshort/outof,keep/stop/refrain/prevent(from),(get)ridof/overlook/deny.名詞：absence,exclusion,lack,want,failure,ignorance,denial.WantHewantsthecouragetospeakthetruth.Afterthedisaster,thereweremanywhowantedfoodandshelter.形容詞：absent,missing,ignorant,gone,free/far/safefrom,shortof,exclusiveof.介詞：beyond,without,above,except,save,but,連詞：before,unless也可采取句法伎倆：RatherthanIthinkIwillhaveacoldratherthanthecoffee.Itismanagementthatisatfaultsratherthantheworkforce.Ratherthanriskbreakinguphismarriage,hetoldhiswifeeverything.OtherthanHeneverspeakstomeotherthantoaskformoney.Shehasnoclosefriendotherthanhim.More…than..Ilikehermorethanherhusband.Ithadmoretheappearanceofadeliberatecrimethanofanaccident.Heistooyoungtotakecareofhimself.三以否定形式譯之我認為他不夠格。Idon’tthinkheisqualified.我們任何時候都沒有被困難嚇倒過。Neverhavewebeendauntedbythedifficulties.我對他情況一無所知。Idon’tknowanythingabouthim.這房子盡管富麗堂皇，但住起來一點也不舒適。Withallitsmagnificence,thehouseisnotatallcomfortabletolivein.動物沒有水不能生存，植物沒有水也不能生長。Animalscannotlivewithoutwater,neithercanplantsgrow.中國人口百分之八十在農村，假如不處理這百分之八十人生活問題，社會就不會安定。EightypercentofChina’spopulationliveintheruralareas.Therewillbenosocialstabilityunlesstheirdailyneedsaremet.少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲。Ifonedoesnotexertoneselfinyouth,onewillregretitinoldage.四將漢語雙重否定譯成英語雙重否定假如你學習方法對頭，那么在短時間內掌握一門外語并不是不可能。Itisnotimpossibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithinashortperiodifyouhaveagoodstudymethod.開始學英語時，講英語不可能不犯錯誤。AtthebeginningoflearningEnglish,youcan'tspeakitwithoutmakingmistakes.我?guī)缀鯖]有一天不想念他。HardlyadaygoesbywhenIdon’tmisshim.巧婦難為無米之炊。Youcan’tmakesomethingoutofnothing.不看秦始皇兵馬俑，不算真正到過中國。AtravelerwhohasnotseentheQinDynastyterracottafigurescannotclaimtohavevisitedChina.NoonewhohasnotseentheQinDynastyterracottafigurescanclaimtohavevisitedChina.五以必定形式譯之：英譯時借助含有否定意義詞來傳譯漢語里否定意義譯成英語中必定詞語有：freefrom/of,safefrom,ignorantof,independentof,devoidof,foreignto,blindto,differentfrom,lessthan,deadto,impatientof,deficientin,aliento等等。湯姆在這次期末考試中未及格。Tomfailedinthefinalexamination.瑪麗不愿意去很遠地方工作。Maryisreluctanttoworkinthefarplace.他無可指責。Heisaboveblame.我們不能讓孩子們去河里游泳。Wemustkeepthekidsfromswimmingintheriver.這尊雕像在經歷大地震后竟毫發(fā)未損，依然聳立。Thestatuesurvivedthegreatearthquake,remainedintactandwasstillstandingthere.我朋友都不抽煙。Noneofmyfriendssmokes.那決不是明朝建筑。ThatisanythingbutabuildingoftheMingDynasty.欲速則不達。Morehaste,lessspeed.人民軍隊離不開人民，就像魚兒離不開水一樣。Thepeopleistothepeople’sarmywhatwateristofish.沒有設備，我們就自己制造。Shortofequipment,wemakeitonourown.女孩兒未出嫁，是顆無價寶珠。Agirlbeforemarriageisapreciouspearl.這位老人還沒到醫(yī)院就死了。Theoldmandiedbeforehereachedthehospital.我們決不辜負全國人民對我們期望。Wewillliveuptotheexpectationofthepeoplealloverthecountry.他解釋不能讓人滿意。Hisexplanationisfarfromsatisfactory.做母親有時不能覺察到自己孩子過失。Mothersaresometimesblindtothefaultsoftheirchildren.普通讀者幾乎讀不到這本書。Thebookcanscarcelyreachthecommonreaders.這個計算上錯誤沒有被會計看出。Theerrorincalculationescapedtheaccountant.沒有檢測到信號。Nosignalisdetected.在任何情況下，中國都不會首先使用核武器。UndernocircumstancesshouldChinabethefirsttousenuclearweapons.咱們打開天窗說亮話吧，我不怕誤解。Iwillthereforespeaktoyouwithoutreserve,andwithoutanydreadofbeingmisunderstood.在場全部人一點也不了解發(fā)生了什么。Allthepeoplepresentknewnothingaboutwhathadhappened.六將漢語必定句譯成英語否定句。他在這上面費了很多力。Hetooknolittlepainoverit.我對你萬分感激。Icouldn’tthankyouenough.我完全同意。Icouldn’tagreemore.智者千慮，必有一失。Eventhewisearenotalwaysfreef