考研考博-英語-佛山科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-佛山科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

1.Theideawasapowerfulvariableinexplainingwhysomecountriesfaredfarbetterthanothers:topromoteincomegrowthovermanyyears,heavyinvestmentinschoolingwasnecessary.Andithelpedexplaintheshrinkageoffamiliesinwealthycountries:ifincreasingvalueisplacedonhumancapital,parentsmustinvestmoreineachchild,makinglargefamiliescostly.ManycriticsbristledatBecker’smarket-drivenlogic,whichseemedtoreducepeopletocold,calculatingmachine.

2.Whichisit?Thehomeoffreespeech,theruleoflawandtherichworld’smostdynamiceconomy?Oralandofsocialdecay,septicpoliticsandtherichworld’sworstroadsandschools?Americadividesforeignobserves.Itdividesforeignfirms,too.Somebossesfallheadoverheelsforitsinsatiableconsumersanddazzlingtechnology.Otherexecutivesareputoffbyitsinsufferablelawyersandhypocriticalprotectionism.DonaldTrumppromisestogiveforeignfirmsarudeawakeningwhenhereachestheWhiteHouse:lastmonthhebeatupToyotaformakingcarsinMexicoandsellingthemnorthoftheborder.ButintruthmanyforeignfirmsfelloutoflovewithAmericayearsago.

【答案】1.在解釋為何一些國家比其他國家過得好得多時，這個觀點是一個強(qiáng)有力的變量：對教育進(jìn)行大量的投資是有必要的，為了促進(jìn)多年來的收入增長。而且該觀點也有助于解釋富裕國家里的家庭規(guī)?？s小的原因：如果人力資本的價值不斷増加，那么父母就必須要為在每個孩子身上投入更多，而這會使得大家庭的成本更大。許多批評者對貝克爾的市場驅(qū)動邏輯感到憤怒，該邏輯似乎讓人變得冷漠、精于計算。

2.美國屬于哪一種呢？是言論自由、法治之地、富裕世界中最具活力的經(jīng)濟(jì)體？還是社會墮落、政治腐敗、道路和學(xué)校狀況都是發(fā)達(dá)國家中最糟糕的國家？外國觀察家對美國的情況看法不一。外國公司也同樣如此。一些老板為其無法滿足的消費者和眼花繚亂的技術(shù)而神魂顛倒。其他高管則對其令人難以忍受的律師和虛偽的保護(hù)主義而感到厭惡。唐納德?特朗普承諾當(dāng)他入主白宮后，會讓外國公司如夢初醒：上個月，他嚴(yán)厲譴責(zé)了豐田在墨西哥生產(chǎn)汽車并向美國北部銷售的行為。但事實上，許多外國公司在多年前就失去了對美國的興趣了。

2.單選題

AsistheChinesecook’scustom,mymotheralwaysmade（）remarksaboutherowncooking.

問題1選項

A.optional

B.plural

C.negative

D.slender

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。optional“可選的”；plural“復(fù)數(shù)的，多樣的”；negative“消極的，否定的”；slender“細(xì)長的，苗條的”。句意：就像許多中國廚師一樣，我母親經(jīng)常對自己的廚藝予以否定評價。能修飾remarks的只有C項。

3.單選題

Silver______easilyandturnsblackifnotpolishedregularly.

問題1選項

A.snookers

B.stews

C.tarnishes

D.douse

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.snookers阻撓B.stews燉；焦慮

C.tarnishes失去光澤，變暗淡D.douse澆滅，熄；沉浸

【答案】C

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】由后半句的句意“銀器如果不定期擦拭就會變黑”可知，銀器很容易失去光澤，C項符合句意。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D項都不符合句意。

【句意】銀器很容易失去光澤，如果不定期擦拭就會變黑。

4.單選題

Onestudentafteranother______uptoanswertheteacher’squestions.

問題1選項

A.stand

B.stands

C.standing

D.tostand

【答案】B

【解析】考查謂語動詞形式。以“one...afteranother”做主語時，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。句意：學(xué)生一個接一個地站起來回答老師的問題。因此B選項正確。

5.單選題

Theexperimentsoftenscientistswere（）inthereport.

問題1選項

A.embodied

B.submerged

C.intensified

D.replied

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項embodied“呈現(xiàn)；體現(xiàn)”；B選項submerged“淹沒；沉浸”；C選項intensified“加??；加強(qiáng)”；D選項replied“回答；回復(fù)”。句意：十位科學(xué)家的實驗都……在這份報告中。主語是experimentsoftenscientists“十位科學(xué)家的實驗”，句中缺少謂語動詞，由inthereport“在這份報告中”可知，這一份報告囊括了十位科學(xué)家的實驗，也即是說這份報告呈現(xiàn)了十位科學(xué)家的實驗。因此A選項符合題意。

6.翻譯題

Translatethe.followingshortparagraphsintoEnglish

本世紀(jì)初，小麥簡直就是加拿大西部的命脈。小麥?zhǔn)粘珊?，?jīng)濟(jì)則繁榮；小麥歉收，經(jīng)濟(jì)則蕭條。城市中大街小巷的人們都在關(guān)注著小麥的收成和價格，這種心情就好像他們就是種植者一樣。小麥的市場行情成了人們的熱門話題。

戰(zhàn)爭使西部糧食市場發(fā)生了許多戲劇性的變化。多年以來，農(nóng)民們不信任在糧食交易所從事的糧食投機(jī)買賣。秋季的麥價一般都較低，但是農(nóng)民們等不到市場好轉(zhuǎn)。他們常常在小麥一收割后就賣掉，過后則眼睜睜看著小麥漲價，投機(jī)者從中發(fā)財。在各種時機(jī)，農(nóng)民團(tuán)體曾多次要求政府對市場嚴(yán)加控制，但政府不想卷入其中，直到戰(zhàn)爭期間，麥價有失控的危險時，政府才介入。由于迫切需要控制通貨膨脹和生活費用上漲，聯(lián)邦政府設(shè)立了一個糧食監(jiān)督委員會來處理從1917年至1918年的糧食收繳工作。

【答案】Atthebeginningofthiscentury,wheatwasthelifelineofWestofCanada.Theeconomywouldprosperiftherewasagoodharvest,otherwisetheeconomywouldbedepressed.Peopleinurbanareasallpaidattentiontotheharvestandpriceofwheat,asiftheyweretheplanters.Andthemarketconditionofwheatbecameahottopic.

Warhasbroughtaboutnumerousdramaticchangesinwesterngrainmarket.Formanyyears,farmershaveneverbeentrustinggrainspeculationactivities.Generally,thepricewasrelativelylowinfall,however,theycouldnotwaitthehighprice.Theywouldsellwheatonceharvested,andcouldonlyseespeculatorsgaingreatbenefitfromtheincreasingofwheatprice.Duringvariousperiodsoftime,farmergroupshadrequiredthegovernmentstocarryoutstrictcontroluponthegrainmarket,butthegovernmentwouldn’twillingtointerveneuntilthepricewaslostcontrolduringthewar.Asitbecameurgenttocontrolinflationandlivingexpenses,theFederalgovernmentsetuptheGrainOversightCommitteetodealwiththebuyingandsellingofgrainduring1917to1918.

7.不定項選擇題

Mostpeoplecanrememberaphonenumberforuptothirtyseconds.Whenthisshortamountoftimepasses,however,thenumbersareerasedfromthememory.Howdidtheinformationgetthereinthefirstplace?Informationthatmakesitswaytotheshorttermmemory(STM)doessoviathesensorystoragearea.ThebrainhasafilterwhichonlyallowsstimulationthatisofimmediateinteresttopassontotheSTM,alsoknownastheworkingmemory.

Thereismuchdebateaboutthecapacityanddurationoftheshorttermmemory.ThemostacceptedtheorycomesfromGeorgeA.Miller,acognitivepsychologistwhosuggestedthathumanscanrememberapproximatelysevenchunksofinformation.Achunkisdefinedasameaningfulunitofinformation,suchasawordornameratherthanjustaletterornumber.Moderntheoristssuggestthatonecanincreasethecapacityoftheshorttermmemorybychunking,orclassifyingsimilarinformationtogether.Byorganizinginformation,onecanimprovetheSTM,andimprovethechancesofamemorybeingpassedontolongtermstorage.

Whenmakingaconsciousefforttomemorizesomething,suchasinformationforanexam,manypeopleengagein“roterehearsal”.Byrepeatingsomethingoverandoveragain,weareabletokeepamemoryalive.Unfortunately,thistypeofmemorymaintenanceonlysucceedsiftherearenointerruptions.Assoonasapersonstopsrehearsingtheinformation,ithasthetendencytodisappear.Whenapenandpaperarenothandy,youmightattempttorememberaphonenumberbyrepeatingitaloud.Ifthedoorbellringsorthedogbarkstocomeinbeforeyougettheopportunitytomakeyourphonecall,youwillforgetthenumberinstantly.Therefore,roterehearsalisnotanefficientwaytopassinformationfromtheshorttermtolongtermmemory.Abetterwayistopractice“elaboraterehearsal”.Thisinvolvesassigningsemanticmeaningtoapieceofinformationsothatitcanbefiledalongwithotherpre-existinglongtermmemories.

Encodinginformationsemanticallyalsomakesitmoreretrievable.Retrievinginformationcanbedonebyrecognitionorrecall.Humanscanrecallmemoriesthatarestoredinthelongtermmemoryandusedoften.However,ifamemoryseemstobeforgotten,itmayeventuallyberetrievedbyprompting.Themorecuesapersonisgiven(suchaspictures),themorelikelyamemorycanberetrieved.Thisiswhymultiplechoicetestsareoftenusedforsubjectsthatrequirealotofmemorization.

1.Accordingtothepassage,howdomemoriesgettransferredtotheSTM?

2.Howdotheoristsbelieveapersoncanremembermoreinformationinashorttime?

3.Whydoestheauthormentionadog’sbark?

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutretrievinginformation?

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項

A.Theyrevertfromthelongtermmemory.

B.Theyarefilteredfromthesensorystoragearea.

C.Theygetchunkedwhentheyenterthebrain.

D.Theyenterviathenervoussystem.

問題2選項

A.Byorganizingit.

B.Byrepeatingit.

C.Bygivingitaname.

D.Bywritingitdownonpaper.

問題3選項

A.Toexemplifypoormemory.

B.Toanalyzeatypeofinterruption.

C.Tocomparehumanmemorywithdogs’memory.

D.Toillustratethelackofefficiencyofroterehearsal.

問題4選項

A.Elaboraterehearsalcontributestoinformationretrieval.

B.Themostefficientwayofretrievinginformationistoassignsemanticmeaningtotheinformation.

C.It’simpossibletoretrieveforgotteninformationwithoutpictureprompts.

D.Encodinginformationismoreefficientthanchunkingit.

問題5選項

A.One’smemorycapacitycanbeenhancedbyroterehearsal.

B.Puttinginformationtowritingissuggestedtoimprovememory.

C.Providingsufficientpromptshelpsinformationretrieval.

D.Multiplechoiceexamsarethemostdifficult.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干中的STM可以將答案定位到文章第一段第四句。本題問記憶是如何進(jìn)入短時記憶中的。第一段第四句提到，“進(jìn)入短時記憶的信息是通過感覺儲存區(qū)域傳遞到那里的?！辈⒃谙挛慕忉屨f，“大腦有一個過濾機(jī)制，只允許當(dāng)下有用的刺激通過，傳遞到短時記憶中?！庇纱丝梢?，選項B“它們從感覺儲存區(qū)域被過濾”是正確答案。其他三項文中均未提及。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)題。題干說科學(xué)家認(rèn)為普通人如何在短時間內(nèi)記住更多的信息？通過題干我們可以定位到第二段，第二段的主旨就是講如何記住更多的信息，我們再看到第二段的最后一句，“Byorganizinginformation,onecanimprovetheSTM…”這里提示了我們答案為A，也就是重新組織我們需要記憶的東西可以幫助我們提升短時間的記憶容量。

第3題:作者意圖題。問題是：作者寫“狗叫”的目的是什么，前文我們可以看到，“Unfortunately,thistypeofmemorymaintenanceonlysucceedsiftherearenointerruptions.”，作者說這種類型的記憶一旦被打斷就會被忘掉，之后舉例給了一個情景來描述這個現(xiàn)象，他說當(dāng)一個人在想通過重復(fù)讀來記下一個電話號碼時，如果被門鈴或狗叫打斷，那么他就會忘記那個他一直通過重復(fù)朗讀而記下來的號碼；那么這里的“dogbark”就是一種打斷的方式，因此B正確。

第4題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞我們定位到最后一段，A項就是上文講的重點，因此保留；B項不對，這個方法確實是方法之一，但是文章并沒有說它是最有效的；C項與原文正好相反；D項為無關(guān)項，因此答案為A。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。問選項正確與否，我們需要四個選項都看。A項，死記硬背在第二段就被作者否定了，因為一旦被打斷就無法記住，因此A錯誤；B項是無關(guān)項，全文都沒有提過要寫下來信息，因此B錯誤；C項是正確的，最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句是提示點；D項錯誤，文章只是說多選題可以考查的信息比較多，但是并沒有說它是最難的，沒有論據(jù)支持，錯誤，答案為C。

8.單選題

InScotland,asintherestoftheUnitedKingdom,（）schoolingbeginsatage5andendsatage16.

問題1選項

A.compelling

B.forced

C.obliged

D.compulsory

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在蘇格蘭，和英國其他地方一樣，義務(wù)教育從5歲開始，到16歲結(jié)束。

考查形容詞辨析。compelling引人注目的，強(qiáng)制的；forced被迫的;obliged必須的；compulsory義務(wù)的。這里想表達(dá)“義務(wù)教育”，故選D。

9.單選題

Wecanhardlyavoidmakinganymistakesinourwork____hardwetry.

問題1選項

A.whatever

B.how

C.nomatter

D.however

【答案】D

【解析】考查狀語從句。此句為讓步狀語從句，根據(jù)后面的副詞hard可以判斷，答案只能從B和D選擇，D項however=nomatterhow，根據(jù)句意：無論我們多么努力，在工作中都會不可避免地犯錯誤，因此D更合適。

10.單選題

Diggingthefoundationisthefirst（

）ofourbuildingproject.

問題1選項

A.procession

B.solution

C.phase

D.achievement

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。procession“行列；游行”；solution“解決”；phase“階段”；achievement“成就；成績”。句意：我們工程的第一個階段是挖地基。選項C符合題意。

11.單選題

Hetoldanyonewhowouldlistenhowhisbrilliantdaughterhadbeenacceptedbythemost（

）universitiesinthecity.

問題1選項

A.precious

B.prescriptive

C.prestigious

D.presumptuous

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:他告訴所有愿意聽他聰明的女兒己經(jīng)被最有名的大學(xué)錄取。

Precious珍貴的。prescriptive規(guī)定的，規(guī)范的；指定的。prestigious有名望的；享有聲望的presumptuous專橫的；放肆的；冒昧的。

12.單選題

Distrustingwomen,heremaineda（

）allhislife.

問題1選項

A.marshal

B.bandit

C.bachelor

D.burglar

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。marshal意為“元帥”；bandit意為“土匪，強(qiáng)盜”；bachelor意為“未婚男子，單身漢，學(xué)士”；burglar意為“竊賊”。

句意：由于不信任女人，他做了一輩子單身漢。

13.單選題

Whentherentwasdue,thepoorman（

）formoretime.

問題1選項

A.pleaded

B.squashed

C.exerted

D.cursed

【答案】A

【解析】句意:當(dāng)房租到期時,這個可憐的人懇求多給些時間。pleadfor意為請求,符合句意,選項A正確。

14.單選題

SectionA

Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresourcesitowns,anddoessobadly.Often,however,governmentsactinanevenmoreharmfulway.Theyactuallysubsidizetheexploitationandconsumptionofnaturalresources.Awholerangeofpolicies,fromfarmpricesupporttoprotectionforcoal-mining,doenvironmentaldamageand(often)makenoeconomicsense.Scrappingthemoffersatwo-foldbonus:acleanerenvironmentandamoreefficienteconomy.Growthandenvironmentalismcanactuallygohandinhand,ifpoliticianshavethecouragetocontrolthevestedinterestthatsubsidiescreate.

SectionB

Noactivityaffectsmoreoftheearth’ssurfacethanfarming.Itshapesathirdoftheplanet’slandarea,notcountingAntarctica,andtheproportionisrising.Worldfoodoutputperheadhasrisenby4percentbetweenthe1970sand1980smainlyasaresultofincreasesinyieldsfromlandalreadyincultivation,butalsobecausemorelandhasbeenbroughtundertheplough.Higheryieldshavebeenachievedbyincreasedirrigation,bettercropbreeding,andadoublingintheuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersinthe1970sand1980s.

SectionC

Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamagingenvironmentimpacts.Forexample,landclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation;chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies;moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion;andthespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsofdiseasesinfuture.Soilerosionthreatenstheproductivityoflandinbothrichandpoorcountries.TheUnitedState,wherethemostcarefulmeasurementshavebeendone,discoveredin1982thataboutone-fifthofitsfarmlandwaslosingtopsoilataratelikelytodiminishthesoil’sproductivity.Thecountrysubsequentlyembarkeduponaprogramtoconvert11percentofitscroppedlandtomeadoworforest.TopsoilinIndiaandChinaisvanishingmuchfasterthanAmerica.

SectionD

Governmentpolicieshavefrequentlycompoundedtheenvironmentaldamagethatfarmingcancause.Intherichcountries,subsidiesforgrowingcropsandpricesupportsforfarmoutputdriveupthepriceofland.Theannualvalueofthesesubsidiesisimmense;about$250billion,ormorethanallWorldBanklendinginthe1980s.Toincreasetheoutputofcropsperacre,afarmer’seasiestoptionistousemoreofthemostreadilyavailableinputs:fertilizersandpesticides.FertilizerusedoubledinDenmarkintheperiod1960-1985andincreasedinTheNetherlandsby150percent.Thequantityofpesticidesappliedhasrisentoo:by69percentin1975-1984inDenmark,forexample,withariseof115percentinthefrequencyofapplicationinthethreeyearsfrom1981.

Inthelate1980sandearly1990ssomeeffortsweremadetoreducefarmsubsidies.ThemostdramaticexamplewasthatofNewZealand,whichscrappedmostfarmsupportin1984.Astudyoftheenvironmentaleffects,conductedin1993,foundthattheendoffertilizersubsidieshadbeenfollowedbyafallinfertilizeruse(afallcompoundedbythedeclineinworldcommodityprices,whichcutfarmincomes).Theremovalofsubsidiesalsostoppedland-cleaningandover-stocking,whichinthepasthadbeentheprincipalcausesoferosion.Farmsbegantodiversify.Theonekindofsubsidywhoseremovalappearedtohavebeenbadfortheenvironmentwassubsidytomanagesoilerosion.

Inlessenlightenedcountries,andintheEuropeanUnion,thetrendhasbeentoreduceratherthaneliminatesubsidies,andtointroducenewpaymentstoencouragefarmerstotreattheirlandinenvironmentallyfriendlierways,ortoleaveitfallow.Itmaysoundstrangebutsuchpaymentsneedtobehigherthantheexistingincentivesforfarmerstogrowfoodcrops.Farmers,however,dislikebeingpaidtodonothing.Inseveralcountries,theyhavebecomeinterestedinthepossibilityofusingfuelproducedfromcropresidueseitherasareplacementforpetrol(asethanol)orasfuelforpowerstations(asbiomass).Suchfuelsproducefarlesscarbondioxidethancoaloroil,andabsorbcarbondioxideastheygrow.Theyarethereforelesslikelytocontributetothegreenhouseeffect.Buttheyarerarelycompetitivewithfossilfuelsunlesssubsidizedandgrowingthemdoesnolessenvironmentalharmthanothercrops.

SectionE

Inpoorcountries,governmentsaggravateothersortsofdamage.Subsidiesforpesticidesandartificialfertilizersencouragefarmerstousegreaterquantitiesthanareneededtogetthehighesteconomiccropyield.AstudybytheinternationalRiceResearchinstituteofpesticideusebyfarmersinSouthEastAsiafoundthat,withpest-resistantvarietiesofrice,evenmoderateapplicationsofpesticidefrequentlycostfarmersmorethantheysaved.Suchwasteputsfarmersonachemicaltreadmill:bugsandweedsbecomeresistanttopoisons,sonextyear’spoisonsmustbemorelethal.Onecostistohumanhealth.Everyyearsome10,000peoplediefrompesticidepoisoning,almostalloftheminthedevelopingcountries,andanother400,000becomeseriouslyill.Asforartificialfertilizers,theiruseworld-wideincreasedby40percentperunitoffarmedlandbetweenthemid1970sandlate1980s,mostlyinthedevelopingcountries.Overuseoffertilizersmaycausefarmerstostoprotatingcropsorleavingtheirlandfallow.That,inturn,maymakesoilerosionworse.

SectionF

AresultoftheUruguayRoundofworldtradenegotiationsislikelytobeareductionof36percentintheaveragelevelsoffarmsubsidiespaidbytherichcountriesin1986-1990.Someoftheworld’sfoodproductionwillmovefromWesternEuropetoregionswheresubsidiesarelowerofnon-existent,suchastheformercommunistcountriesandpartsofthedevelopingworld.Someenvironmentalistsworryaboutthisoutcome.Itwillundoubtedlymeanmorepressuretoconvertnaturalhabitatintofarmland.Butitwillalsohavemanydesirableenvironmenteffects.Theintensityoffarmingintherichworldshoulddecline,andtheuseofchemicalinputswilldiminish.Cropsaremorelikelytobegrownintheenvironmentstowhichtheyarenaturallysuited.Andmoreframersinpoorcountrieswillhavethemoneyandincentivetomanagetheirlandinwaysthataresustainableinthelongrun.Thatisimportant.Tofeedanincreasinglyhungryworld,farmersneedeveryincentivetousetheirsoilandwatereffectivelyandefficiently.

Foreachofthefollowingquestionsorunfinishedstatements,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

1.Researchcompletedin1982foundthatintheUnitedStatessoilerosion（）.

2.Bythemid-1980s,farmersinDenmark（）.

3.WhichoneofthefollowingincreasedinNewZealandafter1984?

4.Thewriterreferstosomerichcountriesasbeing“l(fā)essenlightenedthanNewZealand”because（）.

5.ThewriterbelievethattheUruguayRoundagreementsontradewill（）.

問題1選項

A.educedtheproductivityoffarmlandby20percent

B.wasalmostassevereasinIndiaandChina

C.wascausingsignificantdamageto20percentoffarmland

D.couldbereducedbyconvertingcultivatedlandtomeadoworforest

問題2選項

A.used50percentlessfertilizerthanDutchfarmers

B.usedtwiceasmuchfertilizerastheyhadin1960

C.appliedfertilizermuchmorefrequentlythanin1960

D.morethandoubledtheamountofpesticidetheyusedinjust3years

問題3選項

A.farmincomes

B.useoffertilizer

C.over-stocking

D.farmdiversification

問題4選項

A.theydisapproveofpayingfarmersfornotcultivatingtheland

B.theirnewfuelcropsareasharmfulastheonestheyhavereplaced

C.theirpoliciesdonotrecognizethelong-termbenefitofendingsubsidies

D.theyhavenotencouragedtheirfarmerstofollowenvironmentallyfriendlypractices

問題5選項

A.encouragemoresustainablefarmingpracticesinthelongrun

B.domoreharmthangoodtotheinternationalenvironment

C.increasepressuretocultivatelandintherichcountries

D.bemorebeneficialtorichthantopoorcountries

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)SectionC，“TheUnitedState,wherethemostcarefulmeasurementshavebeendone,discoveredin1982thataboutone-fifthofitsfarmlandwaslosingtopsoilataratelikelytodiminishthesoil’sproductivity.”，1982年的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國大約五分之一的農(nóng)田表層土壤正在流失，可能會降低土壤的生產(chǎn)力?？膳袛喑?982的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)美國的土壤侵蝕對五分之一（20%）農(nóng)田造成了破壞。選項C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)SectionD,“FertilizerusedoubledinDenmarkintheperiod1960-1985andincreasedinTheNetherlandsby150percent.Thequantityofpesticidesappliedhasrisentoo:by69percentin1975-1984inDenmark”，在1960年至1985年期間，丹麥化肥使用量翻了一番，荷蘭化肥使用量增加了150%。殺蟲劑的使用量也增加了：1975年至1984年，丹麥的殺蟲劑使用量增加了69%?？膳袛喑?0世紀(jì)80年代中期，丹麥的農(nóng)民對化肥的使用量增加了。選項B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)SectionD,“thatofNewZealand,whichscrappedmostfarmsupportin1984…Theremovalofsubsidiesalsostoppedland-cleaningandover-stocking,whichinthepasthadbeentheprincipalcausesoferosion.Farmsbegantodiversify.”，新西蘭在1984年取消了大部分農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼，取消補(bǔ)貼控制了土地的過度開荒和過度放牧，這在過去是土壤侵蝕的主要原因。農(nóng)場開始多樣化?？膳袛喑鲂挛魈m在1984年后，農(nóng)業(yè)開始呈現(xiàn)多樣化的特點。選項D符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)SectionD部分第三段，“Inlessenlightenedcountries,andintheEuropeanUnion,thetrendhasbeentoreduceratherthaneliminatesubsidies,andtointroducenewpaymentstoencouragefarmerstotreattheirlandinenvironmentallyfriendlierways,ortoleaveitfallow.”，在不那么開明的國家和歐盟，趨勢是減少而不是取消補(bǔ)貼，并引入新的補(bǔ)貼，以鼓勵農(nóng)民以更環(huán)保的方式對待他們的土地，或者讓土地休耕?？赏茢喑鲈谝恍┎荒敲撮_明的國家并沒有取消農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼，只是減少了補(bǔ)貼。根據(jù)下文，“Buttheyarerarelycompetitivewithfossilfuelsunlesssubsidizedandgrowingthemdoesnolessenvironmentalharmthanothercrops.”，農(nóng)民種植的農(nóng)作物殘余生產(chǎn)出來的能源很少能與化石燃料競爭，除非得到補(bǔ)貼，而且種植這些農(nóng)作物對環(huán)境的危害不亞于其他作物?？膳袛喑鰷p少補(bǔ)貼而不取消補(bǔ)貼并不能帶來收益和好處，這些國家沒有看到取消補(bǔ)貼的長期好處。選項C符合題意。

5.作者觀點態(tài)度。根據(jù)SectionF,“Butitwillalsohavemanydesirableenvironmenteffects.”，它也會產(chǎn)生許多令人滿意的環(huán)境影響?？膳袛喑霰硎觥癲omoreharmthangoodtotheinternationalenvironment”對國際環(huán)境弊大于利是錯誤的，選項B可排除。根據(jù)下文，“Theintensityoffarmingintherichworldshoulddecline,andtheuseofchemicalinputswilldiminish.”，發(fā)達(dá)國家的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)密度應(yīng)該會下降，肥料的使用也會減少?？膳袛喑霰硎觥癷ncreasepressuretocultivatelandintherichcountries”增加富裕國家土地耕作的壓力是錯誤的。選項C可排除。而文章并沒有將烏拉圭回合協(xié)議對富裕國家和貧窮國家的影響進(jìn)行對比，表述“bemorebeneficialtorichthantopoorcountries”對富國比對窮國更有利是錯誤的。選項D可排除。運(yùn)用排除法，可判斷出選項A符合題意。

15.單選題

Anyonenotpayingtheregistrationfeebytheendofthismonthwillbe______tohavewithdrawnfromtheprogram.

問題1選項

A.contemplated

B.deemed

C.acknowledged

D.anticipated

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.contemplated考慮，思量B.deemed認(rèn)為，視為

C.acknowledged承認(rèn)（屬實）D.anticipated預(yù)料，預(yù)期

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意“凡在本月底前未繳納報名費者將被______退出該課程”可知，bedeemedto（被認(rèn)為，被視為）符合句意，所以該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】凡在本月底前未繳納報名費者將被視為退出該課程。

16.單選題

Theenergy（）bythechainreactionistransformedintoheat.

問題1選項

A.transferred

B.released

C.conveyed

D.delivered

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。Transfer轉(zhuǎn)讓,轉(zhuǎn)移;release釋放;convey傳達(dá),運(yùn)輸;deliver遞送,釋放。句意:鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)的能量被轉(zhuǎn)化為熱量。故B項符合句意。

17.單選題

Theyturned（）attheparty,despitetheawfulweather.

問題1選項

A.round

B.in

C.back

D.up

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組詞義辨析。A選項turnround“轉(zhuǎn)身，轉(zhuǎn)向”；B選項turnin“交上；歸還”；C選項turnback“往回走；阻擋”；D選項turnup“出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生”。句意：盡管天氣很糟糕，他們在聚會上還是……。根據(jù)句意可推測，他們還是出現(xiàn)了，因此選項D符合題意。

18.單選題

Twothirdsofthebooks______soldoutbutonly10percentoftheincome______tome.

問題1選項

A.was;were

B.was;was

C.were;was

D.were;were

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.was;were是（單數(shù)）；是（復(fù)數(shù)）B.was;was是（單數(shù)）；是（單數(shù)）

C.were;was是（復(fù)數(shù)）；是（單數(shù)）D.were;were是（復(fù)數(shù)）；是（復(fù)數(shù)）

【考查點】主謂一致。

【解題思路】第一個空格的主語是Twothirdsofthebooks（三分之二的書籍），book是可數(shù)名詞且用的是復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以第一個空格要填入were；第二個空格的主語是10percentoftheincome（百分之十的收入），income是不可數(shù)名詞，所以第二個空格填入was，該題選擇C項恰當(dāng)。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D項不符合主謂一致原則。

【句意】三分之二的書賣完了，但只有10%的收入歸我所有。

19.單選題

Aninternationaltreatysignedseveralyearsago（

）tradeinplantsandanimalsofendangeredspecies.

問題1選項

A.bans

B.eliminates

C.promotes

D.protects

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。ban意為“明令禁止，取締”；eliminate意為“排除，取消”；promote意為“促進(jìn)，推進(jìn)”；protect意為“保護(hù)，保衛(wèi)”。由主語aninternationaltreaty（國際條約）和賓語tradeinplantsandanimalsofendangeredspecies（瀕危動植物的貿(mào)易）可知謂語動詞用ban符合邏輯。

句意：幾年前簽署的一項國際條約禁止瀕危動植物貿(mào)易。

20.單選題

MostscholarsagreethatIsaacNewton,whileformulatingthelawsofforceandgravityandinventingthecalculusinthelate1600s,probablyknewallthesciencetherewastoknowatthetime.Intheensuing350yearsanestimated50millionresearchpapersandinnumerablebookshavebeenpublishedinthenaturalsciencesandmathematics.ThemodemhighschoolstudentprobablynowpossessesmorescientificknowledgethanNewtondid.Yetsciencetomanypeopleseemstobeanimpenetrablemountainoffacts.

Onewayscientistshavetriedtocopewiththismountainisbybe