主謂一致講解及練習附答案

主謂一致講解及練習附答案Companynumber:【W(wǎng)TUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998】主謂一致【考綱說明】掌握主謂一致三大原則：語法一致、意義一致和就近一致原則學會分析句式，排除干擾，分清主謂，明了句子的主謂關(guān)系本專題以單項選擇、單詞拼寫和詞形轉(zhuǎn)換的考查為主，分值為1—2分?！局R梳理】一、定義：謂語受主語支配，須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這叫做主謂一致。主謂一致一般遵循三條原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則和就近一致原則。二、語法一致原則概念：即在謂語和主語在語法形式上取得一致。如：主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；主語為復數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也采用復數(shù)形式。但須注意下列幾種情況：以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Tostartsmokingisquiteeasy,buttogiveitupneedscourage.開始吸煙很容易，但是要戒煙卻需要勇氣。Readingislearning.讀書就是學習。Whatyouneedmostistohaveagoodsleep.你所需要的就是好好睡一覺。【注意】：由what引導的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式。但若表語是“復數(shù)或what從句是一個帶有復數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)”時，主句的謂語動詞用復數(shù)。WhatIboughtisthreeEnglishbooks.我買的是三本英語書。WhatIsayanddoarehelpfulforyou.我所說的和做的對你是有幫助的。由and或both...and來連接并列主語時，謂語用復數(shù)。JohnandAnnaregoodfriends.約翰和安都是好朋友。BothLucyandLilyarestudents。.露西和莉莉都是學生。【注意】：由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別被no,each,every，every…and(every)…，each???and(each)…，no???and(no)…，或manya，manya???and(manya)…，morethanone,修飾時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Eachboyandeachgirlwasgivenanewbook.每一個男孩和每一個女孩都給了一本書。Morethanonestudentisinterestedinthebook.不止一個學生對這書感興趣。如果主語后接with,togetherwith，alongwith，aswellas,like,but,except,besides，including,nolessthan,ratherthan,asmuchas，morethan，等介詞短語，其謂語動詞單復數(shù)形式由主語單復數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。AnEnglishteachertogetherwithsomestudentshasclimbedtothetopofthemountain.一位英語老師和幾個學生已經(jīng)爬到了山頂。She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.像你和湯姆那樣她很高。不定代詞each,eachone，either,neither和由some,any,no,every構(gòu)成的復合代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Eachofthestudentshasabook.每個學生都有一本書?！癮lotof(lotsof，plentyof，aheadof，heapsof，therest(majority)of,some(many,anymore,most,all等)of++名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與of后面的名詞(短語)保持一致。Someofthesugariswet.有些糖是濕的。Mostofthestudentsinourclassareleague.我們班上大多數(shù)學生是團員。Halfoftheapplesaregiventothechildren.一半的蘋果送給孩子們。“anumberof+復數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；“Thenumberof+復數(shù)名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Alargenumberofbuildingswereburntdown.許多樓房被毀了。Anumberoftreesarecutdown.許多樹被砍倒了由“分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+of+名詞(或代詞)”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與of后面的名詞(短語)保持一致。Twothirdsofthecountry.isdryordesert.這個國家的三分之二的地方氣候干燥或者是沙漠地區(qū)。Twothirdsofthepeoplepresentareagainsttheplan.在場的三分之二的人反對這個計劃。Morethan70percentofthesurfaceofourearth.iscoveredbywater.我們地球的70%的表面被水所覆蓋。如果主語是由“akindof,或this/thatkindof,aseries(aspecies)of,apairof等+名詞”構(gòu)成謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。Thiskindofmenisdangerous.這種人是危險的。IsthiskindofcarmadeinShanghai這種汽車是上海制造的嗎【注意】"these/thosekindsof+復數(shù)名詞"作主語時，謂語動詞要用復數(shù)。Fifteenpairsofshoesaremadeeachday.每天能制作15雙鞋。某些只有復數(shù)形式的名詞(clothes,trousers,shorts,shoes,gloves...)作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。Myshoeswerewornout.我的鞋子穿壞了。三、意義一致原則概念：意義一致原則,即謂語動詞的單復數(shù)取決于主語所表達的內(nèi)在涵義。用法：由and連接的兩個名詞，如果是指同一概念(即and后無冠詞)，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Themanagerandsecretaryisabsentatthemeeting.經(jīng)理兼書記沒有出席會議。Themanagerandthesecretaryarebusynow.經(jīng)理和書記現(xiàn)在都很忙。TheirteacherandfriendisMr.Li.他們的老師和朋友是李先生。表示總稱意義的形單意復的名詞，如people,police,cattle等作主語時，只當作復數(shù)看待，謂語在任何情況下都用復數(shù)。Thepolicearesearchingforamurdererinthatmountain.警察正在山中搜尋一名殺人犯。表示時間、距離、金錢等復數(shù)名詞作主語，表達一個整體概念時，謂語用單數(shù)。Twentyyearshaspassedsincehelefthishometown.他離開家鄉(xiāng)20年了。Fivedollarsisenough.5美元就夠了。4）以集體名詞army,class,enemy,family,government,group,team,crew,crowd,public等集體名詞作主語時，謂語應視其情況而用不同形式：當作主語被看作一個整體時,謂語用單數(shù),如果被看成是其中的個體成員時,謂語就用復數(shù)。Ourclassisbetterthananyotherclassesatplayingbasketballinourschool.在打籃球方面,我們班勝過我們學校的任何一個班。Ourfamilyisnotpooranymore.我們家已經(jīng)不再貧困了?！咀⒁狻縫opulation單獨使用作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；而前面有some,most或與分數(shù)、百分數(shù)連用作主語時,則謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。Mostofthepopulationofthecityareworkers.這個城市人口的大多數(shù)是工人。Thepopulationinourcountryisverylarge,andeightypercentofthepopulationarefarmers.我們國家人口眾多，而80%的人口是農(nóng)民。5）數(shù)詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)，但在四則運算中，表示加法和乘法時謂語動詞單、復數(shù)均可，表示減法和除法時必須用單數(shù)。Tenisaroundnumber.十是個整數(shù)。Tentimesfiveis/arefifty.十乘五等于五十。6）表示數(shù)量的短語“oneandahalf+名詞復數(shù)”及“a+單數(shù)名詞+and+ahalf”作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。Oneandahalfcakesareagoodmealforthemonkey.Acakeandahalfisagoodmealforthemonkey.一個半蛋糕對猴子來說是一頓美餐。四、就近一致原則概念：就近一致原則，即謂語動詞的數(shù)隨最近的主語而定，又稱為毗鄰一致原則。用法：1）當or,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso...，not...but....,whether...or...等連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞單復數(shù)取決于最靠近于它的名詞或代詞。Notonlythemotherbutalsothechildrenarethere.不但母親在那里，而且孩子們也在那里。2）在倒裝句中如一個句子由there或here引起，而主語又不止一個，謂語動詞往往與最鄰近的一個主語保持一致。Thereisadesk,atableandthreechairsintheroom.房間里有一張書桌，一張桌子和三把椅子.【趣味鏈接】符合就近原則的結(jié)構(gòu)有therebe,not???but…，notonly??butalso…，or???or…，neither???nor…）記憶：就近有個人在叫賣，不是老頭而是老太；不僅賣瓜而且賣菜，或者現(xiàn)錢或者放債，既沒有車也不用秤，只要你笑她就白送。經(jīng)典例題】【例1】【2011廣東深圳】—He,togetherwithhisparentsgoingtovisitShanghaiinJuly.Howaboutyou—I'mafraidIhavetostayathome.A.are;onmyownB.is,bymyselfC.is;bymyownD.are;onmyself【解析】：B主語后接togetherwith時，謂語動詞單復數(shù)形式由主語單復數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定，而真正的主語是he。故選B【例2】【2011四川資陽】EachofthegirlsheretotheWestLaketwice.A.havegoneB.havebeenC.hasgoneD.hasbeen【解析】D去過用havebeen，不定代詞each做主語謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故選D【例3】【2011河源】Thenumberofteachersinourschoolgreatlyincreasedlastnumberofteachersinthisschoolfromthecountryside.;is;are;are;is【解析】答案：B“anumberof+復數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；“Thenumberof+復數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式?！纠?】【2011廣安市】－Howmuchisthepairofshoes－Twentydollarsenough.A.isB.areC.am【解析】A【例5】【2011山東】-Whatcanyouseeinthepicture-Icanseeafarm.Andtherealotanimalsonit.A.isB.areC.willbeD.be【解析】B，therebe句型，遵循就近原則，后面animals為復數(shù)，故選B【例6】【2011黑龍江齊齊哈爾】Thisismytwinsister,Lucy.NotonlyshebutalsoIgoodatdrawing.A.isB.amC.are答案：B，notonly...butalso...遵循就近原則，I與am連用，故選B【例7】【2011湖南衡陽】一DoyoulikeyournewT-shirt—Yes.NotonlyIbutalsomymotherit.A.likesB.likeC.doesn'tlike答案：A,notonly...butalso...遵循就近原則，mother為第二人稱單數(shù)課堂練習】A.【2011江蘇南通】Linda,withherparents,__theWolfHill,andtheywillbebackthisafternoon.A.hasgonetoB.havegonetoC.hasbeentoD.havebeento【2011四川資陽】EachofthegirlsheretotheWestLaketwice.A.havegoneB.havebeenC.hasgoneD.hasbeen【2011烏魯木齊】There_goingtobeabasketballmatchthisafternoon.A.areB.isC.haveD.Will【2011廣東深圳】—He,togetherwithhisparents___goingtovisitShanghaiinJuly.Howaboutyou—I'mafraidIhavetostayathome.A.are;onmyownB.is,bymyselfC.is;bymyownD.are;onmyself【2011湖南岳陽】ThereafootballmatchonCCTV-5atninetomorrowevening.A.willhaveB.isgoingtobeC.ishaving【2011廣東河源】Thenumberfoteachersinourschoolgreatlyincreasedlastterm.Anumberofteachersinthisschoolfromthecountryside.一、was;isB.was;areC.were;areD.were;is【2011齊齊哈爾】Thisismytwinsister,Lucy.NotonlyshebutalsoIgoodatdrawing.3.isB.amC.are【2011四川廣安】－Howmuchisthepairofshoes－Twentydollarsenough.A.isB.areC.am【2011浙江衢州】OneofmyfriendsmovedtoAmerica.Imisshersomuch.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are【2011湖北黃岡】一Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffeeTOC\o"1-5"\h\z—EitherOK,butIprefercoffeemilk.A.is;withB.is;toC.are;withD.are;to【2011貴州銅仁】Neithermyfathernormymotherrockmusic.Theythinkthatit'stoo.A.like;noiseB.likes;noiseC.like;noisyD.likes;noisy【2011湖南衡陽】一DoyoulikeyournewT-shirt—Yes.NotonlyIbutalsomymotherit.1.likesB.likeC.doesn'tlike【2011山東】-Whatcanyouseeinthepicture-Icanseeafarm.Andtherealotanimalsonit.A.isB.areC.willbeD.Be【2011湖北黃石】TheheadteacherwithhisstudentsTeanchengshanParkifittomorrow.A.isgoingto;isn'trainyB.aregoingto;isn'trainyC.isgoingto;won'trainD.aregoingto;doesn'train【2011廣東】—David,thereadictionaryandsomebooksonyourdesk.Pleaseputthemaway.—OK.Mum.I'lldoitrightaway.A.isB.areC.hasD.Have【2011四川德陽】-PhysicsmoredifficultthanChinese,doyouthinkso--Yes,Ithinkso.A.isB.areC.HasA.【2011上?！縏here__stillsomemilkinthefridge.It'snotnecessarytogotothestoretoday.A.amB.isC.areD.Be課后作業(yè)】【2011四川綿陽】Thenumberofbooksinthebookshopisabout10,000andanumberofthemaboutscience.A.isB.wasC.areD.Were【2011四川涼山】Tenminutesago,thereaneraser,apenandsomebooksonthedesk.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA.wasB.wereC.is【2011重慶江津】Thereonlyonedoctorinthehospitaltoday.A.isB.hasC.haveD.Are【2011黑龍江龍】Ican'taffordthecar,fivethousanddollarstoomuchforme.A.isB.areC.be【2011河北省】Therelotsofpeopleattherestaurantwhen1gotthere.A.isB.wasC.areD.Were6．Howtimeflies!Tenyearspassed.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are7．NotonlyhisparentsbutalsohisbrothertotheSummerPalace.Theyhaven'tbeenback.A.havebeenB.havegoneC.hasbeenD.hasgone8．Neithermyfathergoingtoseethepatient.A.norIam/r