考研考博-英語-華南師范大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-華南師范大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Itiswellknownlanguagebelongstoeveryone,tothedustman______totheprofessor.

問題1選項

A.asmuchas

B.asfaras

C.thesameas

D.aslongas

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項asmuchas“差不多，盡……那樣多”；B選項asfaras“就……而言，至于”；C選項thesameas“與……一樣”；D選項aslongas“只要；和……一樣長”。句意：眾所周知，語言是屬于每個人的，______清潔工和教授。根據(jù)語境，這里是指語言對于清潔工和教授一樣，C選項thesameas“與……一樣”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

2.單選題

MosteconomistsintheUnitedStatesseemcaptivatedbythespellofthefreemarket.Consequently,nothingseemsgoodornormalthatdoesnotaccordwiththerequirementsofthefreemarket.Apricethatisdeterminedbytheselleror,forthatmatter,establishedbyanyoneotherthantheaggregateofconsumersseemspernicious.Accordingly,itrequiresamajoractofwilltothinkofprice-fixing(thedeterminationofpricesbytheseller)asboth“normal”andhavingavaluableeconomicfunction.Infact,price-fixingisnormalinallindustrializedsocietiesbecausetheindustrialsystemitselfprovides,asaneffortlessconsequenceofitsowndevelopment,theprice-fixingthatitrequires.Modernindustrialplanningrequiresandrewardsgreatsize.Hence,acomparativelysmallnumberoflargefirmswillbecompetingforthesamegroupofconsumers.Thateachlargefirmwillactwithconsiderationofitsownneedsandthusavoidsellingitsproductsformorethanitscompetitorschargeiscommonlyrecognizedbyadvocatesoffree--marketeconomictheories.Buteachlargefirmwillalsoactwithfullconsiderationoftheneedsthatithasincommonwiththeotherlargefirmscompetingforthesamecustomers.Eachlargefirmwillthusavoidsignificantpricecutting,becausepricecuttingwouldbeprejudicialtocommoninterestinastabledemandforproducts.Mosteconomistsdonotseeprice-fixingwhenitoccursbecausetheyexpectittobebroughtaboutbyanumberofexplicitagreementsamonglargefirms;itisnot.

Moreoverthoseeconomistswhoarguethatallowingthefreemarkettooperatewithoutinterferenceisthemostefficientmethodofestablishingpriceshavenotconsideredtheeconomiesofnon-socialist-countriesotherthantheUnitedStates.Theseeconomiesemployintentionalpricefixing,usuallyinanovertfashion.Formalprice-fixingbycartelandinformalprice-fixingbyagreementscoveringthemembersofanindustryarecommonplace.Weretheresomethingpeculiarlyefficientaboutthefreemarketandinefficientaboutprice-fixing,thecountriesthathaveavoidedthefirstandusedthesecondwouldhavesuffereddrasticallyintheireconomicdevelopment.Thereisnoindicationthattheyhave.

Socialistindustryalsoworkswithinaframeworkofcontrolledprices.Intheearly1970’stheSovietUnionbegantogivefirmsandindustriessomeoftheflexibilityinadjustingpricesthatamoreinformalevolutionhasaccordedthecapitalistsystem.EconomistsintheUnitedStateshavehailedthechangeasareturntothefreemarket.ButSovietfirmsarenomoresubjecttopricesestablishedbyafreemarketoverwhichtheyexerciselittleinfluencethanarecapitalistfirms;rather,Sovietfirmshavebeengiventhepowertofixprices.

50.Theauthor’sattitudetoward“Mosteconomists”intheUnitedStates(para1)canbestbedescribedas____.

51.Itcanbeinferredfromtheauthor’sargumentthatapricefixedbytheseller“seemspernicious”(para1)because____.

52.Thesuggestioninthetextthatpricefixinginindustrializedsocietiesisnormalarisesfromtheauthor’sstatementthatprice-fixingis____.

53.Accordingtotheauthor,pricefixinginnon-socialistcountriesisoften____.

問題1選項

A.spitefulandenvious

B.scornfulanddenunciatory

C.criticalandcondescending

D.ambivalentbutdeferential

問題2選項

A.peopledonothaveconfidenceinlargefirms

B.peopledonotexpectthegovernmenttoregulateprices

C.mosteconomistsbelievethatconsumersasagroupshoulddetermineprices

D.mosteconomistsassociatefixedpriceswithcommunistandsocialisteconomies

問題3選項

A.aprofitableresultofeconomicdevelopment

B.aninevitableresultoftheindustrialsystem

C.theresultofanumberofcarefullyorganizeddecisions

D.aphenomenoncommontoindustrializedandnon-industrializedsocieties

問題4選項

A.accidentalbutproductive

B.illegalbutuseful

C.legalandinnovative

D.intentionalandwidespread

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】50.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】觀點態(tài)度題。定位到文章第一段最后一句Mosteconomistsdonotseeprice-fixingwhenitoccursbecausetheyexpectittobebroughtaboutbyanumberofexplicitagreementsamonglargefirms;itisnot（大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家并不知道價格操縱會在何時發(fā)生，因為他們期望價格操縱由大公司之間的一系列明確協(xié)議帶來；事實并非如此）和第二段第一句Moreoverthoseeconomistswhoarguethatallowingthefreemarkettooperatewithoutinterferenceisthemostefficientmethodofestablishingpriceshavenotconsideredtheeconomiesofnon-socialist-countriesotherthantheUnitedStates（此外，那些認(rèn)為允許自由市場不受干擾地運(yùn)行是建立價格的最有效方法的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家沒有考慮美國以外的非社會主義國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)），可以看出作者對大部分經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的態(tài)度是批判的，所以C項“批判”符合。A項“怨恨和嫉妒”，B項“蔑視和譴責(zé)”和D項“矛盾但恭敬”，均未在文中體現(xiàn)。

51.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干：從作者的論點可以推斷，賣方定價“似乎有害”，因為。定位到文章第一段第二句Apricethatisdeterminedbytheselleror,forthatmatter,establishedbyanyoneotherthantheaggregateofconsumersseemspernicious（就此而言，由賣方?jīng)Q定的價格，或由消費者群體以外的任何人確定的價格，似乎是有害的），所以C項“大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為，消費者作為一個群體應(yīng)該決定價格”符合這句話所表達(dá)的意思。而A項“人們對大公司沒有信心”，B項“人們不指望政府調(diào)控物價”，D項“大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家把固定價格與共產(chǎn)主義和社會主義經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系起來”均屬于無中生有。

52.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干：本文認(rèn)為，工業(yè)社會的價格管制是正常的，這是因為作者認(rèn)為價格管制是……？定位到文章第一段第四句Infact,price-fixingisnormalinallindustrializedsocietiesbecausetheindustrialsystemitselfprovides,asaneffortlessconsequenceofitsowndevelopment,theprice-fixingthatitrequires.（事實上，在所有工業(yè)化社會中，定價都是正常的，因為工業(yè)體系本身提供了它所需要的定價，這是它自身發(fā)展的一個不費吹灰之力的結(jié)果），可知B項“工業(yè)系統(tǒng)的必然結(jié)果”符合文意，當(dāng)選。A項“經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的有益結(jié)果”，C項“一系列精心組織的決定的結(jié)果”，D項“工業(yè)化和非工業(yè)化社會的共同現(xiàn)象”，均在文中未提及。

53.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。從第二段第二句和第三句Theseeconomiesemployintentionalpricefixing,usuallyinanovertfashion.Formalprice-fixingbycartelandinformalprice-fixingbyagreementscoveringthemembersofanindustryarecommonplace（這些經(jīng)濟(jì)體通常以公開的方式有意操縱價格?？ㄌ貭柕恼蕉▋r和涵蓋行業(yè)成員的協(xié)議的非正式定價是司空見慣的），特別是里面的關(guān)鍵詞intentional和commonplace，可知D項“有意和普遍的”符合題意。A項“偶然但富有成效”，B項“非法但有用”，C項“合法且創(chuàng)新”，都不符合文意，排除。

3.單選題

Womenhavesignificantadvantagesovermeninspacebecausetheyneedlessfoodandlessoxygenandthey_______radiationbetter.

問題1選項

A.standupto

B.standinfor

C.standupfor

D.standinwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項standupto“經(jīng)得起；抵抗；勇敢地面對”；B選項standinfor“代替”；C選項standupfor“擁護(hù)；堅持”；D選項standinwith“與……聯(lián)合；同……分擔(dān)”。句意：女性在太空中比男性有顯著優(yōu)勢，因為她們需要更少的食物和更少的氧氣，而且她們更能_______輻射。根據(jù)語境，standupto“經(jīng)得起；抵抗”搭配radiation“輻射”比較合理，意指女性更能承受輻射。因此A選項正確。

4.單選題

Romanliteratureneverceasedto（）influenceintheMiddleAges,andthisinfluencebecamemuchgreaterinthefourteenthandfifteenthcenturieswhenmoreRomanworksbecameknown.

問題1選項

A.exert

B.practice

C.resist

D.stage

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。exert“運(yùn)用，發(fā)揮，施以影響”；practice“練習(xí)”；resist“拒絕”；stage“舉行，上演”。句意：羅馬文學(xué)在中世紀(jì)的影響從未停止，這種影響在14和15世紀(jì)，當(dāng)更多的羅馬作品被了解后，這種影響變得更大。選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

Thepresidentialcandidate（）hispositionbywinningseveralprimaryelections.

問題1選項

A.enforced

B.enriched

C.intensified

D.consolidated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項enforce“實施，執(zhí)行，強(qiáng)制”，B項enrich“使充實，使肥沃”，C項intensify“增加，強(qiáng)化”，D項consolidate“鞏固，加強(qiáng)”。根據(jù)后面的hispositionbywinningseveralprimaryelections（通過贏得幾次初選而獲得職位）可知，空格部分表示“鞏固”。句意：這位總統(tǒng)候選人通過贏得幾次初選鞏固了自己的地位。故該題選擇D項正確。

6.單選題

ParliamentaryleadersfailedtounderstandtheAmericancolonist.TheythoughttheAmericanwouldbuythecheap,legalEastIndiaCompanytearatherthanthemoreexpensivesmuggledteafromHolland.

InSeptember,1773,theEastIndiaCompanyPlannedtoship500,000poundsofteatotheirAmericanagentsinportsalongtheAtlanticcoast.WhenthecolonistslearnedabouttheEastIndiaCompany’splan,localteamerchantsinAmericanportsfromSouthCarolinatoMainetookstepstomeetthisattempttodrivethemoutofbusiness.TheBoltonTeaPartywasthemostviolentofthesesteps.Followingthisactofrebellion,GovernorHutchinsoncalledit“theboldeststrokewhichhadbeenstruckinAmerica.”

Parliamentrespondedtothisactofdefiancein1774bypassingaseriesofactsknownastheCoerciveActs.TheyweredesignedtopunishBostonandtoshowcoloniststhroughoutAmericathatEnglandwouldnottoleratesuchresistancetoitsauthority.

1.Accordingtothepassage,parliamentaryleaders（

）.

2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat

（

）.

3.WhatwastheCoerciveActs?

4.WhatdidtheAmericansdowhentheEastIndiaCompanyplannedtoshipthousandsofpoundsofteatoAmerica?

5.Theword“smuggled”mostlikelymeans（

）.

問題1選項

A.importedteafromSouthCarolina

B.weregreatteadrinkers

C.misjudgedtheAmericancolonist

D.fearedthattheywouldhavetobuycheaptea

問題2選項

A.theAmericanswantedtobuyteafromHolland

B.teainHollandwascheaperthanthatinEngland

C.thecrowdwasgrowingmorepatient

D.theAmericansagreedtotheimpositionofthetax

問題3選項

A.TheyweredesignedtohelppaythecostofprotectingthecoloniesfromtheIndians.

B.TheyweretopermittheEastIndiaCompanytoshipteadirectlytoAmericanports

C.Theywereaseriesofactsknownasthetaxontea

D.TheyweredesignedtoshowAmericansthatEnglandwouldnotbepatientwiththeirresistance

問題4選項

A.Theytriedtodrivethemoutofbusiness

B.TheymedtowelcometheteamerchantsfromtheEastIndiaCompany

C.Theywaitedforthemeetingtodiscussthetaxontea.

D.Theytriedtoacceptportdutiesonimports.

問題5選項

A.togetridof

B.tomakeunabletogetair

C.oortakesth.outofacountrywithoutpaymentoflegalduties

D.tobreakintopiecewithviolenceandnoise

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“ParliamentaryleadersfailedtounderstandtheAmericancolonist.”，可知議會領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人未能了解美國殖民者。下文就用具體事例說明，他們誤以為這些北美殖民者們會購買東印度公司更加便宜的茶葉?？膳袛喑鲎h會的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人錯誤地判斷了美國殖民者的意圖和行為。因此選項C符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，“TheythoughttheAmericanwouldbuythecheap,legalEastIndiaCompanytearatherthanthemoreexpensivesmuggledteafromHolland.”，可知他們認(rèn)為美國人會買便宜合法的東印度公司的茶葉，而不是購買從荷蘭走私來的更貴的茶葉。可判斷出美國人更愿意從荷蘭購買茶葉。因此選項A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“TheyweredesignedtopunishBostonandtoshowcoloniststhroughoutAmericathatEnglandwouldnottoleratesuchresistancetoitsauthority.”，可知他們制定這一系列強(qiáng)制性法案的目的是懲罰波士頓，并向美洲各地的殖民者表明，英國不會容忍這種對其權(quán)威的反抗?？膳袛喑鲋贫ù朔ò傅哪康膶嶋H上是向美國人表明，英國不會容忍他們的反抗。因此選項D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“WhenthecolonistslearnedabouttheEastIndiaCompany’splan,localteamerchantsinAmericanportsfromSouthCarolinatoMainetookstepstomeetthisattempttodrivethemoutofbusiness.”，可知當(dāng)殖民者得知東印度公司的計劃時，從南卡羅來納到緬因州的美國港口的當(dāng)?shù)夭枞~商人采取一系列措施使他們破產(chǎn)?？膳袛喑霎?dāng)東印度公司計劃向美國運(yùn)送數(shù)千磅茶葉時，美國人企圖采取措施讓他們破產(chǎn)。因此選項A符合題意。

5.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，“…legalEastIndiaCompanytearatherthanthemoreexpensivesmuggledteafromHolland.”，可知美國人購買從荷蘭走私的更貴的茶葉，而不是合法的東印度公司的茶葉，句子中l(wèi)egal和smuggled形成對比，可知smuggled的意思為“走私的”，可將smuggle解釋為將某物輸入或輸出一個國家而不需要支付合法稅款。因此選項C符合題意。

7.單選題

Ourcountryhasgrownrichbecauseofits（

）withothernations.

問題1選項

A.intercourse

B.business

C.commerce

D.interaction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。intercourse意為“交流，交往”；business意為“商業(yè)，交易”；commerce意為“(尤指國際間的)貿(mào)易，商業(yè)”；interaction意為“相互影響，交互作用”。

句意：我國通過與其他國家的貿(mào)易往來富起來了。

8.單選題

Youprobablyknowthatit'sbetterforbothyouandtheenvironmentifyoubuyanorganictomatoinsteadofonethat7sbeendousedinpesticides,buttherearelotsofotherthingstoconsiderbeforeventuringdowntheaisleofyourlocalsupermarket(orfarmer'smarket).

Theexplosionin（1）produceandotherfoodsduringthelastfewyearshasbeenanextremely（2）developmentinthefoodindustry.However,（3）stillexistsaboutexactlywhattheorganic（4）means.

Doyouknowthedifferencebetweenacerealthat's“organic,100%organic”,and“madewithorganic（5）?TheUSDAhasclearlydefinedstandardsthat（6）whichofthoselabelscanlegallygoonyourraisinbran.Youcanlearnmoreaboutthem.

Organicfoodsaregreat,butthejuryisstillverymuchout（7）anothernewdevelopmentinthefoodworld:genetically（8）organisms(GMOs).Nooneknowsforcertaintheshortand（9）effectsoftheseproductsofgeneengineering,（10）there'sachancetheycouldleadtothe（11）creationof“superweeds”or（12）withnaturalplantstocks,formoreinformationonGMOs,werecommendvisiting.

（13）you’reshopping,don’tforgettoconsiderthecompaniesbehindthe（14）names.Onecerealcompanymightbeanenvironmentalchampion,（15）theothermanufacturesitscornflakesvia（16）environmentalpractices.Aneasywaytocomparetwocompaniesistouse（17）suchas.Theypresentboththegoodandbadsidesofeverycompanythey（18）,andtheygradehundredsofcompaniesonsocial,ethicalandenvironmentalissues.

Remember:（19）consciousshoppingisapowerfultoolforeffectingchange.Youcanmakeadifferenceeverytimeyoufillyour（20）cart.

問題1選項

A.green

B.organic

C.healthy

D.optional

問題2選項

A.positive

B.negative

C.active

D.passive

問題3選項

A.controversy

B.contribution

C.conversion

D.confusion

問題4選項

A.label

B.mark

C.word

D.food

問題5選項

A.components

B.genes

C.ingredients

D.compositions

問題6選項

A.determine

B.illustrate

C.recommend

D.demonstrate

問題7選項

A.in

B.to

C.for

D.on

問題8選項

A.moved

B.modified

C.modeled

D.motivated

問題9選項

A.long-run

B.long-term

C.long-day

D.long-distance

問題10選項

A.while

B.and

C.but

D.or

問題11選項

A.unconditional

B.unexceptional

C.unintentional

D.uncontroversial

問題12選項

A.interfere

B.intervene

C.interact

D.intrude

問題13選項

A.Anytime

B.Anytime

C.Sometime

D.Sometime

問題14選項

A.brand

B.code

C.product

D.family

問題15選項

A.when

B.while

C.as

D.because

問題16選項

A.constructive

B.destructive

C.instructive

D.obstructive

問題17選項

A.sights

B.addresses

C.sites

D.webs

問題18選項

A.profit

B.profile

C.propose

D.protect

問題19選項

A.socially

B.conditionally

C.morally

D.environmentally

問題20選項

A.nursery

B.grocery

C.bakery

D.stationery

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:D

第8題:B

第9題:B

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:A

第13題:A

第14題:A

第15題:B

第16題:B

第17題:C

第18題:B

第19題:D

第20題:B

【解析】（1）句意：在過去的幾年里，產(chǎn)品和其他食品急劇增長。根據(jù)下文多次organic可知選項B符合原文。

（2）根據(jù)原文可知，有機(jī)物產(chǎn)品和其他食品上的急劇增長對食品業(yè)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生的是積極的影響。選項A正確。

（3）controversy論爭，論戰(zhàn)，辯論；contribution貢獻(xiàn)；conversion對話；confusion混淆。上一句提到積極影響，立馬轉(zhuǎn)折，說明這里指存在著爭議。選項A符合句意。

（4）label標(biāo)簽；mark標(biāo)志。將organic描述為標(biāo)簽更恰當(dāng)，指對這一類產(chǎn)品的分類。

（5）components零件，構(gòu)成要素；genes基因；ingredients成分，因素；compositions寫作，作曲。根據(jù)原文可知，這里指有機(jī)產(chǎn)品的成分。

（6）determine確定，決定；illustrate舉例說明，闡明；recommend推薦，勸告；demonstrate證實，證明。句意：美國農(nóng)業(yè)部已經(jīng)制定了明確的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，確定哪些標(biāo)簽可以合法地貼在葡萄和麥片上。選項A符合句意。

（7）句意：有機(jī)食品是很不錯，但是評審委員對食品行業(yè)的另外一種創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品依舊知之甚少。這里的on指對于，關(guān)于。選項D正確。

（8）geneticallymodifiedorganisms(GMOs)是固定搭配，意為轉(zhuǎn)基因生物。

（9）long-run長遠(yuǎn)的；long-term長期的；long-day搭配錯誤；long-distance長距離的。句意：沒有人確切知道這些基因工程產(chǎn)品的短期和長期的影響。選項B符合原文。

（10）根據(jù)上下文句意可知這里表示轉(zhuǎn)折，所以用but。

（11）unconditional無條件的，絕對的，無限制的；unexceptional非例外的，普通的；unintentional無心的，無意識的；uncontroversial不會引起爭議的。句意：也有可能生成一種的創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品“超級種子”。選項D符合原文。

（12）interfere妨礙，抵觸，沖突，介入；intervene干涉，調(diào)停；internet互相作用，互相影響；intrude強(qiáng)擠入，闖入，侵入。句意：或者會農(nóng)作物的自然生長。選項A符合原文。

（13）Anytime任何時候，無論何時；Anytime在任何時候；Sometime在某一時候，有時；Sometime一段時間。句意：當(dāng)你購物的時候，請不要忘了考慮商標(biāo)背后的生產(chǎn)商。選項A符合原文。

（14）brandname為固定搭配，指商標(biāo)。

（15）前后兩個句子形成對比，所以用while更恰當(dāng)。

（16）constructive建設(shè)性的，有益的；destructive破壞的，消極的，毀滅性的；instructive有益的，教育性的；obstructive阻礙的，妨礙的。兩個句子形成對比，上句是環(huán)保，下句當(dāng)然是破壞環(huán)境，所以選項B符合原文。

（17）suchas后面的內(nèi)容是一串網(wǎng)址，所以本題選C。sights見解，看法；addresses地址；sites網(wǎng)址，站點；webs網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

（18）句意：這些網(wǎng)址展示了它們所描述的每家公司的優(yōu)缺點。profit獲利，有益于；profile扼要描述，描出……的輪廓；propose計劃，建議；protect保護(hù)。選項B符合原文。

（19）socially在社交方面，在社會地位上；conditionally附有條件地；morally正常地；environmentally有關(guān)環(huán)境方面。句意：具有意識的消費是實現(xiàn)改變的強(qiáng)大工具。根據(jù)上文可知選項D正確。

（20）nursery護(hù)士；grocery雜貨；bakery面包店；stationery文具。句意：你可以在每次裝滿購物車的時候都有所作為。grocerycart為常用搭配，指購物車。選項B正確。

9.單選題

DespiteDenmark’smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.ThiswouldsoundweirdinDanish.WhenDanestalktoforeignersaboutDenmark,theyalwaysbeginbycommentingonitstininess,itsunimportance,thedifficultyofitslanguage,thegeneralsmall-mindednessandself-indulgenceoftheircountrymenandthehightaxes.NoDanewouldlookyouintheeyeandsay“Denmarkisagreatcountry.”You’resupposedtofigurethisoutforyourself.

Itisthelandofthesilksafetynet,wherealmosthalfthenationalbudgetgoestowardsmoothingoutlife’sinequalities,andthereisplentyofmoneyforschools,daycare,retrainingprograms,jobseminars—Danesloveseminars:threedaysatastudycenterhearingaboutwastemanagementisalmostasgoodasaskitrip.ItisaculturebombardedbyEnglish,inadvertising,popmusic,theInternet,anddespitealltheEnglishthatDanishabsorbs―thereisnoDanishAcademytodefendagainstit—olddialectspersistinJutlandthatcanbarelybeunderstoodbyCopenhageners.Itisthelandwhere,asthesayinggoes,“fewhavetoomuchandfewerhavetoolittle,”andaforeignerisstruckbythesweetegalitarianismthatprevails,wherethelowliestclerkgivesyoualevelgaze,whereSirandMadamehavedisappearedfromcommonusage,evenMr.andMrs..It’sanationofrecyclers—about55%ofDanishgarbagegetsmadeintosomethingnew―andnonuclearpowerplants.It’sanationoftirelessplanners.Trainsrunontime.Thingsoperatewellingeneral.

Suchanationofoverachievers—abrochurefromtheMinistryofBusinessandIndustrysays,“Denmarkisoneoftheworld’scleanestandmostorganizedcountries,withvirtuallynopollution,crime,orpoverty.Denmarkisthemostcorruption-freesocietyintheNorthernHemisphere.”So,ofcourse,one’sheartliftsatanysightingofDanishsleaze:skinheadgraffitionbuildings(“ForeignersOutofDenmark!”),brokenbeerbottlesinthegutters,drunkenteenagersslumpedinthepark.

Nonetheless,itisanorderlyland.YoudrivethroughaDanishtown,itcomestoanendatastonewall,andontheothersideisafieldofbarley,anicecleanline:townhere,countrythere.Itisnotanationofjaywalkers.Peoplestandonthecurbandwaitfortheredlighttochange,evenifit’s2a.m.andthere’snotacarinsight.However,Danesdon’tthinkofthemselvesasawaiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-lightpeople―that’showtheyseeSwedesandGermans.Danesseethemselvesasjazzypeople,improvisers,morefreespiritedthanSwedes,butthetruthis(thoughoneshouldnotsayit)thatDanesareverymuchlikeGermansandSwedes.Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint.Denmarkhasfewnaturalresources,limitedmanufacturingcapability;itsfutureinEuropewillbeasabroker,banker,anddistributorofgoods.YousendyourgoodsbycontainershiptoCopenhagen,andthesebright,young,English-speaking,utterlyhonest,highlydisciplinedpeoplewillgetyourgoodsaroundtoScandinavia,theBalticStates,andRussia.Airports,seaports,highways,andraillinesareultramodernandwell-maintained.

Theorderlinessofthesocietydoesn’tmeanthatDanishlivesarelessmessyorlonelythanyoursormine,andnoDanewouldtellyouso.Youcanhearplentyaboutbitterfamilyfeudsandthesorrowsofalcoholismandaboutperfectlysensiblepeoplewhowentoffonedayandkilledthemselves.Anorderlysocietycannotexemptitsmembersfromthehazardsoflife.

ButthereisasenseofentitlementandsecuritythatDanesgrowupwith.Certainthingsareyoursbyvirtueofcitizenship,andyoushouldn’tfeelbadfortakingwhatyou’reentitledto,you’reasgoodasanyoneelse.Therulesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryone,thebenefitsyougetifyouloseyourjob,thestepsyoutaketogetanewone;andtheorderlinessofthesystemmakesitpossibleforthecountrytoweatherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis.

1.TheauthorthinksthatDanesadopta（）attitudetowardstheircountry.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaDanishcharacteristiccitedinthepassage?

3.Theauthor’sreactiontothestatementbytheMinistryofBusinessandIndustryis（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,Danishorderliness（）.

5.AttheendofthepassagetheauthorstatesallthefollowingEXCEPTthat（）.

問題1選項

A.boastful

B.modest

C.deprecating

D.mysterious

問題2選項

A.Fondnessofforeignculture.

B.Equalityinsociety.

C.Linguistictolerance.

D.Persistentplanning.

問題3選項

A.disapproving

B.approving

C.noncommittal

D.doubtful

問題4選項

A.setsthepeopleapartfromGermansandSwedes

B.sparesDanessocialtroublesbesettingotherpeoples

C.isconsideredeconomicallyessentialtothecountry

D.preventsDanesfromacknowledgingexistingtroubles

問題5選項

A.Danesareclearlyinformedoftheirsocialbenefits

B.Danestakeforgrantedwhatisgiventothem

C.theopensystemhelpstotidethecountryover

D.orderlinesshasalleviatedunemployment

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到原文首段“DespiteDenmark’smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.”，中文翻譯為：盡管丹麥有著明顯的優(yōu)點，但是丹麥人卻從不談及自己身為丹麥人有多么自豪。因此B選項“謙虛的”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Danishcharacteristic可定位到文章第二段Itisthelandwhere,asthesayinggoes,“fewhavetoomuchandfewerhavetoolittle,”，中文翻譯為：正如俗語所說，它（即丹麥）是一個‘很少人擁有太多且更少的人擁有太少’的國土，對應(yīng)B選項“社會平等”。第二段中“thereisnoDanishAcademytodefendagainstit”，中文翻譯為：沒有一個丹麥的學(xué)院去反對它（英語），對應(yīng)C選項“語言的容忍”。以及第二段“It’sanationoftirelessplanners.”中文翻譯為：它是一個有著不知疲倦的規(guī)劃者的國家。對應(yīng)D選項“持續(xù)的規(guī)劃”。因此A項符合題意。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第三段“...brokenbeerbottlesinthegutters,drunkenteenagersslumpedinthepark…”，中文翻譯為：水溝中打碎的啤酒瓶，倒在公園里的喝醉的青少年?？芍鸢笧镈項“懷疑的”。

4.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Danishorderliness可以定位到文章第四段“Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint.”，中文翻譯為：有序是一個主要的賣點。因此C項“在經(jīng)濟(jì)上對這個國家被認(rèn)為是至關(guān)重要的”正確。

5.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。A項“丹麥人清楚地被告知自己的社會福利”可定位到文章倒數(shù)第一段“Therulesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryone.”，中文翻譯為：福利系統(tǒng)的制度對每個人都是顯然的。B選項“丹麥人將被給予自己的東西當(dāng)成理所當(dāng)然”對應(yīng)文章最后一段中“Certainthingsareyoursbyvirtueofcitizenship.”，中文翻譯為：某些東西由于你是公民而是你的。C選項“公開的系統(tǒng)有助于這個國家度過困難時期”對應(yīng)最后一段“…toweatherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis.”，中文翻譯為：在沒有危機(jī)感的情況下去經(jīng)受住失業(yè)和社會動蕩。因此可知答案為D“有序緩解了失業(yè)”。

10.單選題

Itisestimatedthatascientificprinciplehasalifeexpectancyofapproximatelyadecadebeforeitdrasticallyrevisedorreplacedbynewerinformation.

問題1選項

A.estimated

B.alifeexpectancy

C.decade

D.itdrastically

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)題中itisestimated可知，D項應(yīng)該也為被動語態(tài)itisdrasticallyrevised，構(gòu)成并列結(jié)構(gòu)，句意：據(jù)估計，在一項科學(xué)原則被新的信息徹底地修改和更新之前，預(yù)期的壽命大概是十年。選項D符合題意。

11.單選題

Mr.Brown'sconditionlooksveryseriousanditisdoubtfulifhewill（

）.

問題1選項

A.pullback

B.pullup

C.pullthrough

D.pullout

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。pullback“拉回，撤回。拉為平手”；pullup“拔起，停下來”；pullthrough“渡過難關(guān)，恢復(fù)健康”；pullout“離開，撤離”。句意：布郎先生的情況看起來不太好，他是否能渡過難關(guān)還不得而知