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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海應(yīng)用技術(shù)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題
______energyundertheearthmustbereleasedinoneformoranother,forexample,inanearthquake.
問題1選項
A.Accumulated
B.Assembled
C.Gathered
D.Collected
【答案】A
【解析】【選項釋義】
A.Accumulated積累;積聚B.Assembled聚集;集合
C.Gathered集合;歸攏(分散的東西)D.Collected收集;采集
【答案】A
【考查點】動詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)謂語動詞mustbereleased(必須被釋放)可推知,能量積累到一定程度的時候必須釋放出來,所以______energy是指“積累的能量”,accumulate指任何事物量的增加,側(cè)重于連續(xù)不斷地、一點一滴地聚積,該題選擇A項符合句意。
【干擾項排除】
B項指把人或事物聚集在一起;
C項側(cè)重于圍繞一個中心的集合、聚集;
D項側(cè)重于指有區(qū)別地作選擇或有安排有計劃地把零散物集中起來;
以上三項都不符合句意。
【句意】地下積累的能量必須以一種或另一種形式釋放出來,例如地震。
2.翻譯題
SectionBChinesetoEnglish(20points)
TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.
(40)土壤和土地資源支撐著全球可持續(xù)發(fā)展,它們還是我們與窮困、食品不安全和氣候變化作斗爭的關(guān)鍵元素。與其他自然資源復(fù)雜地交織在一起,土壤是水、能源和食品安全鏈條中(nexus)不可分割的組成部分。由于風(fēng)沙和水的侵蝕,世界每年失去約240億噸肥沃的土壤。
(41)土壤和土地的惡化(degradation)不僅是一個物理或生物化學(xué)問題,而且常常與社會經(jīng)濟各方面相聯(lián)系。貧窮和被邊緣化的人口通常最容易受土壤和土地惡化的影響,因為通常是他們擁有這些惡化的土地。
(42)為了使貧困的小規(guī)模農(nóng)業(yè)耕種社區(qū)達到食品安全要求,并且根除(eradicate)極端貧困,我們需要處理與土地惡化相關(guān)的一系列復(fù)雜問題。土壤和土地惡化既是技術(shù)問題,也是管理(governance)問題。
【答案】40.Soilsandlandresourcesunderpinglobalsustainabledevelopment,andtheyarekeyelementsinourfightagainstpoverty,foodinsecurityandclimatechange.Intertwinedwithothernaturalresourcescomplicatedly,soilisanintegralpartofthewater,energy,andfoodsecuritynexus.Duetotheerosionofwindanddustaswellaswater,theworldlosesabout24billiontonsoffertilesoileveryyear.
41.Soilandlanddegradationnotonlyinvolvesphysicalorbiochemicalproblems,butalsooftenrelatedtosocialandeconomicaspects.Poorandmarginalizedpopulationsareusuallythemostvulnerabletosoilandlanddegradation,astheyareusuallytheoneswhoownthedeterioratedland.
42.Inorderforpoorsmall-scalefarmingcommunitiestomeetfoodsafetyrequirementsandtoeradicateextremepoverty,weneedtoaddressasetofcomplexissuesassociatedwithlanddegradation.Soilandlanddegradationisasmuchamatterofgovernanceasoftechnology.
3.翻譯題
1.上周四,世界觀察研究學(xué)會一年一度的“地球健康體檢”報告出爐。2005年,地球的森林砍伐量創(chuàng)歷史新高,這是該報告強調(diào)的眾多環(huán)境問題征兆之一。
該駐華盛頓智囊機構(gòu)在一份題為《地球生命征兆2007-2008》的報告中指出,從肉類消費量的不斷增長到亞洲經(jīng)濟發(fā)展等各種全球性態(tài)勢與氣候變化這一顯著問題都有關(guān)系。
“地球聲明征兆2007-2008”項目的負責(zé)人說,“我認為氣候變化是人類有史以來所面臨的最嚴峻的挑戰(zhàn)”。
在報告公布前,阿薩多利安在接受記者的電話采訪時說,2.“我們可以看到氣候變化中出現(xiàn)的眾多趨勢,比如,糧食生產(chǎn)受到洪澇災(zāi)害的影響;以及肉類生產(chǎn),據(jù)統(tǒng)計,家禽飼養(yǎng)過程中所產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體占溫室氣體總排放量的20%”。
阿薩多利安說,3.這份報告的主題是,二氧化碳排放及其他生態(tài)災(zāi)難引起氣候變化,“不可持續(xù)”的消費模式才是氣候變化的罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?/p>
【答案】1.Morewoodwasremovedfromforestsin2005thaneverbefore,oneofmanytroublingenvironmentalsignshighlightedonThursdayintheWorldWatchInstitute’sannualcheckoftheplanet’shealth.
2.“Youseemanytrendsinclimatechange,whetherwearetalkingaboutgrainproductionwhichisaffectedbydroughtsandflooding,ormeatproductionaslivestockproductionmakesupabout20percentofgreenhousegasemissions.”
3.Thekeymessageofthereportwasthatunsustainableconsumptionpatternswereresponsibleforclimatechangelinkedtocarbonemissionsandotherecologicalwoes.
4.單選題
Here’sascenarioyoumightrecognizeifyou’reawomandatingasocialmediabutterfly:You’resittingonthecouchtogethersilentlywatchingTV.WhenyoutakeamomenttopeekatyourTwitterfeed,youseeyoursignificantotherhasbeensharingastreamofpersonalthoughtsaboutHouseofCardswiththeTwitterverse—eventhoughhehasn’tutteredawordtoyou.
It’snosurprisethatmantendtobemoretight-lippedthanwomenabouttheirthoughtsandfeelings,butsocialmediaiscreatingahavenforsomementoexpressthemselvesonlineinwaystheydon’tinperson—andneverwouldhavebefore.Fromarelationshipperspective,thatcanbeagoodandbadthing.Womencannowturntosocialmediatogetmoreinsightintowhattheirpartnersthink,butwhere’stheintimacyinthatwhenthosefeelingsarealsobeingbroadcasttohundredsofFacebookfriendsandthousandsofTwitterfollowers.
RecentdatafromPewResearchCentersuggeststhatsocialmediaismakingitswayintorelationshipmorethanever,with74%ofcouplessurveyedsayingtheInternethasimpactedtheirrelationshipinagoodway.Womenaremorelikelythanmentousesocialmedia,with71%ofwomenparticipatingcomparedwith62%ofmen,accordingtothelatestreportfromWomen’sMediaCenter.However,whatpsychologistsandresearchersfindespeciallyinterestingisthat,whilewomenareequallywillingtosharethethoughtstheyspewoutintothedigitaletherwithsomeonefacetoface,menaremuchlesslikelytodothesame.
EvaBuechel,aPhDcandidateattheUniversityofMiamiwhohasstudiedwhypeoplesharecontentonline,hasfoundthatmenandwomenwhoexperiencesocialanxiety,andthereforehaveagreaterneedtoexpresstheirnegativeemotionsandseeksupport,areequallylikelytomaintainablogorsocialmediaaccount.However,“whilesociallyapprehensivefemalesshareequallyacross”.
OtherresearchfromNorthwesternUniversityshowsthatmenareincreasinglymorelikelytosharetheircreativework,likewriting,music,orart,online.Nearlytwo-thirdsofmenina2008studysaidtheyposttheirworkonline,comparedwithonlyhalfofthewomenwhoreportedposting.
56.Fromthewordsused,itcanbeknownthatthetoneofthefirstparagraph______.
57.Whydoesamanprefertoexpressonlineratherthaninpersonaccordingtothepassage?
58.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingaboutwomenisNOTtrue?
59.Accordingtothepassage,menandwomenremaintheirsocialmediaaccountforthefollowingreasonexcept______.
60.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphaboutmen’susingsocialmedia?
問題1選項
A.critical
B.ironic
C.ridicule
D.enthusiastic
問題2選項
A.Socialmediaisthoughttobemorepowerful.
B.Socialmediaisbelievedtobesafeandpeaceful.
C.Helikeshisopiniontobeexposedtomoreaudience.
D.Heisusuallyshyinfrontofanindividualwhiletalking.
問題3選項
A.Theygotnegativelyimpactedbysocialmedia.
B.Theyusesocialmediamoreoftenthanmendo.
C.Theyknowtheirspousesmuchbetterfromsocialmedia.
D.Theyarewillingtousebothsocialmediaandfacetofacetalk.
問題4選項
A.makingcomplaints
B.gettingsupports
C.makingfriends
D.experiencingsocialanxiety
問題5選項
A.Menseldomsharetheiremotionallifeonit.
B.Mentrytogetsupporttohisworkonline.
C.Menarecreativeinwriting,artandthinking.
D.Mentendtomaketheircreativeworkknown.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】56.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“從用詞可以判斷第一段的語氣是如何的?”。第一段指出Here’sascenarioyoumightrecognizeifyou’reawomandatingasocialmediabutterfly:You’resittingonthecouchtogethersilentlywatchingTV.WhenyoutakeamomenttopeekatyourTwitterfeed,youseeyoursignificantotherhasbeensharingastreamofpersonalthoughtsaboutHouseofCardswiththeTwitterverse—eventhoughhehasn’tutteredawordtoyou.(如果你是一個喜歡社交媒體的女人,你可能會想到這樣一個場景:你們一起坐在沙發(fā)上默默地看電視。當(dāng)你花點時間瀏覽你的推特時,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)你的另一半一直在推特上分享關(guān)于《紙牌屋》的一系列個人想法——盡管他還沒有對你說過一個字);文中用了一個貶義詞“butterfly(追求享樂的人)”,可以推斷這段語氣是嘲諷,所以C項“譏諷、嘲笑”符合。A項“批判的”不符合題意;B項“諷刺的、反話的”,是指用反話諷刺,文中沒有用反話所以不符合題意;D項“熱情的”錯誤。因此C選項正確。
57.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“為什么男士更喜歡在網(wǎng)上表達而不是當(dāng)面表達?”。第二段提到It’snosurprisethatmantendtobemoretight-lippedthanwomenabouttheirthoughtsandfeelings,butsocialmediaiscreatingahavenforsomementoexpressthemselvesonlineinwaystheydon’tinperson—andneverwouldhavebefore.(男性對自己的想法和感受往往比女性守口如瓶,這并不奇怪,但社交媒體為一些男性創(chuàng)造了一個避風(fēng)港,他們可以用自己在現(xiàn)實生活中從未有過的方式在網(wǎng)上表達自己),可以推斷,男性認為社交媒體是安全的。A項“男性認為社交媒體是有力量的”沒有提到;C項“男性喜歡把想法講給觀眾聽”,文中只是說社交媒體為男性提供了避風(fēng)港;D項“在一個人面前說話會害羞”,這里只是說了男性與女性相比,男性不愛表達。因此B選項正確。
58.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章,下列哪一項關(guān)于女性的說法是不正確的?”。第三段第三行提到Womenaremorelikelythanmentousesocialmedia(女性比男性更有可能使用社交媒體),證明B項“她們使用社交媒體比男性更頻繁”正確;第二段最后一句Womencannowturntosocialmediatogetmoreinsightintowhattheirpartnersthink(現(xiàn)在,女性可以通過社交媒體來更深入地了解伴侶的想法)可知,C項“通過社交媒體,她們會更加了解自己的伴侶”正確;第三段倒數(shù)第二行womenareequallywillingtosharethethoughtstheyspewoutintothedigitaletherwithsomeonefacetoface(女性也同樣愿意與某人面對面地分享她們在數(shù)字世界中迸發(fā)的想法)可知,D項“她們既樂意在社交媒體也愿意面對面交流”正確;而A項“她們受到社交媒體的負面影響”文章沒有提及,只在第四段第二行提到thereforehaveagreaterneedtoexpresstheirnegativeemotionsandseeksupports(因此,男性和女性更需要表達自己的負面情緒并尋求支持)。因此,該題選A。
59.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“男性和女性保持使用社交媒體的理由是以下除了……選項?”。從第四段EvaBuechel,aPhDcandidateattheUniversityofMiamiwhohasstudiedwhypeoplesharecontentonline,hasfoundthatmenandwomenwhoexperiencesocialanxiety,andthereforehaveagreaterneedtoexpresstheirnegativeemotionsandseeksupport,areequallylikelytomaintainablogorsocialmediaaccount.(邁阿密大學(xué)博士生EvaBuechel研究為什么人們在線分享內(nèi)容,他發(fā)現(xiàn)男性和女性經(jīng)歷社會焦慮,也因此更需要表達自己的負面情緒,尋求支持,同樣有可能保持一個博客或社交媒體賬戶)可以看出,A項“抱怨”、B項“得到支持”、D項“經(jīng)歷社會焦慮”均提到,唯獨C項“交朋友”沒有提及。所以該題選C。
60.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“關(guān)于男性使用社交媒體,從最后一段可以推斷出……?”。最后一段講到menareincreasinglymorelikelytosharetheircreativework,likewriting,music,orart,online.Nearlytwo-thirdsofmenina2008studysaidtheyposttheirworkonline,comparedwithonlyhalfofthewomenwhoreportedposting.(男性越來越愿意在網(wǎng)上分享他們的創(chuàng)造性工作,如寫作、音樂或藝術(shù);在2008年的一項研究中,近三分之二的男性表示他們會在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布自己的工作,相比之下,只有一半的女性會在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布工作);可以推斷男性更愿意分享自己的工作,A項“男性從來不分享他們的感情生活”沒有提到;B項“男性希望在網(wǎng)上得到工作上的支持”也沒有提到;C項“男性在寫作、藝術(shù)和思考方面更有創(chuàng)造性”文中并沒有說到,只是說他們愿意分享。因此D選項正確。
5.單選題
Shehesitatedfora()ofasecondbeforeacceptinghischallengetoagameoftennis.
問題1選項
A.fiction
B.function
C.friction
D.fraction
【答案】D
【解析】固定搭配。fiction小說;function功能;friction摩擦;fraction部分。afractionof意為"一小部分,零點幾",為固定搭配。句意:在接受他的網(wǎng)球挑戰(zhàn)之前,她猶豫了片刻。所以選項D正確。
6.單選題
We’dbetter()ourwatchesifweallwanttobethereatthesametime.
問題1選項
A.harmonize
B.synchronize
C.symbolize
D.systematize
【答案】B
【解析】句意:如果我們都想在同樣的吋間到達那里,那么我們最好讓我們手表的時間一致。
考查動詞辨析。harmonize使和諧,以和聲唱;synchronize(使)同步,在吋間上一致,同速進行;symbolize象征,用符號表現(xiàn);systematize使系統(tǒng)化,使組織化。故選B。
7.單選題
It’nosecretweareacultureconsumedbyimage.Economisthavelongrecognizedwhat’sbeendubbedthe“beautypremium’’--theideathatprettypeople,whatevertheiraspirations,tendtodobetterin,well,almosteverything.Handsomemenearn,onaverage,5percentmorethantheirless-attractivecounterparts(good-lookingwomenearn4percentmore);prettypeoplegetmoreattentionfromteachers,bosses,andmentors;evenbabiesstarelongeratgood-lookingfaces(andwestarelongeratgood-lookingbabies).Acoupleofdecadesago,whentheeconomywasthriving,wemighthavebrushedoffthosestatisticsassuperficial.Butin2010,there’sagrowingbundleofresearchtoshowthatourbiasagainsttheunattractiveismorepervasivethanever.Andwhenitcomestotheworkplace,it’slooks,notmerit,thatalltoooftenrule.
Newsweeksurveyed202corporatehiringmanagers,fromhuman-resourcesstafftosenior-levelvicepresidents,aswellas964membersofthepublic,onlytoconfirmwhatnoqualified(orunqualified)employeewantstoadmit:fromhiringtoofficepoliticstopromotions,even,lookinggoodisnolongersomethingwecandismissasfrivolousorvain.Fifty-sevenpercentofhiringmanagerssaidqualifiedblitunattractivecandidatesarelikelytohaveahardertimelandingajob,whilemorethanhalfadvisedspendingasmuchtimeandmoneyon“makingsuretheylookattractive”asonperfectingaresume.Askedtorankemployeeattributesinorderofimportance,meanwhile,managersplacedlooksaboveeducation:ofninecharactertraits,itcameinthird,belowexperience(No.l)andconfidence(No.2)butabove‘‘whereacandidatewenttoschool”(No.4).DoesthatmeanyoushoulddropoutofHarvardandinvestinanosejob?Probablynot.Butastateschoolmightbejustasmarketable.“Thisisthenewrealityofthejobmarket,”saysoneNewYorkrecruiter.“It’sbettertobeaverageandgood-lookingthanbrilliantandunattractive.
Today’sworkingwomenhaveachieved“equality”:theydominatetheworkforce,theyarehouseholdbreadwinners,andtheybalkathavingtosubverttheirsexuality,whetherintheboardroomoronthebeach.Yetwhiletheoutside-workmilieumightaccepttheempoweredyetfeminineideal,theworkplacesurelydoesnot.Studiesshowthatunattractivewomenremainatadisadvantageinlow-levelpositionslikesecretary,whileinupper-levelfieldsthatarehistoricallymale-dominated,good-lookingwomencansufferaso-calledbimboeffect.Theyareviewedastoofeminine,lessintelligent,andlesscompetent—notonlybymenbutalsobytheirfemalepeers.
1.The“beautypremium”calledbyeconomistsmeansthat(
).
2.Whathaveresearchesin2010provedwhenitcomestoworkplace?
3.WhatcanwelearnfromthesurveyconductedbyNewsweek?
4.Whatcanwelearnabouttoday'sworkingwomen?
5.Whatis“bimboeffect”accordingtothelastparagraph?
問題1選項
A.beautifulpeopleperformbetterintheirjob
B.agoodimageisveryimportantinlandingajob
C.goodlooksensuresuccessinalmosteveryaspect
D.peopleshouldinvestmoneyandtimetobebetterlooking
問題2選項
A.itissuperficialtoattachimportancetophysicalappearance.
B.itiscommontoprefertheattractiveandhaveabiasagainsttheunattractive.
C.Itisthegeneralruletovaluebeautifullooksmorethanmerit.
D.Itislooksratherthanabilitythatplayacriticalrole.
問題3選項
A.Aperfectresumedoesnotmatterinhuntingajob.
B.Beautifulpeopletendtobemoreself-confident.
C.Beautyisanadvantageforanyonewithanyeducation.
D.Cosmeticsurgeryissuggestedtomakepeoplemorecompetitive.
問題4選項
A.Theyareenslavedbyridiculousbeautystandards.
B.Theymakeupafractionoftheworkplace.
C.Theyareconfinedtobetheroleofofficetoy.
D.Theyareunwillingtosubverttheirsexuality.
問題5選項
A.Theideathatwomenareatadisadvantageinworkplaces
B.Thebiasthatbeautifulwomenarefrivolousorvain.
C.Thenotionthatbeautifulwomenarenotintelligentorcompetent.
D.Theprejudicethatwomenshoulddojobsoflow-levelpositions
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:C
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:C
【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“beautypremium”定位到第一段第二句“theideathatprettypeople,whatevertheiraspirations,tendtodobetterin,well,almosteverything.漂亮的人,不管他們的志向是什么,幾乎在所有事情上都會做得更好?!边x項C符合原文。
2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)時間點“2010”定位倒第一段最后一句“Butin2010,there’sagrowingbundleofresearchtoshowthatourbiasagainsttheunattractiveismorepervasivethanever.Andwhenitcomestotheworkplace,it’slooks,notmerit,thatalltoooftenrule.但在2010年,越來越多的研究表明,我們對相貌平平的偏見比以往任何時候都更加普遍。而在工作中,往往是外表而不是能力決定一切。”選項A在文中沒有提及;選項C相對于選項B和D來說更加準(zhǔn)確,因此本題選C。
3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Newsweek”定位到第二段第一句“《新聞周刊》調(diào)查了202名企業(yè)人事部經(jīng)理,從人力資源的員工到高級副總裁,以及964名公眾,只是為了確認不合格員工想要承認的事情:從招聘到辦公室爭斗再到晉升,實際上,看上去不錯不再是我們認為無價值的或者無用的而不予考慮。”選項A和B在文中沒有提及;選項D明顯錯誤;所以只有選項C正確。
4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Today’sworkingwomenhaveachieved“equality”:theydominatetheworkforce,theyarehouseholdbreadwinners,andtheybalkathavingtosubverttheirsexuality,whetherintheboardroomoronthebeach.今天的職業(yè)女性已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)了“平等”:她們在勞動力中占據(jù)優(yōu)勢;她們是家庭的經(jīng)濟支柱;她們因為不得不顛覆性別而畏畏縮縮,不管是在會議室還是在海灘上。”也就是說,她們是不愿意顛覆自己的性別的。選項D符合原文。
5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Theyareviewedastoofeminine,lessintelligent,andlesscompetent—notonlybymenbutalsobytheirfemalepeers.她們被認為太女性化、不夠聰明、不夠能干——不僅是男性,她們的女性同齡人也這么認為。”選項C符合原文。
8.單選題
Tosurvive,psychologicallyaswellasphysically,humanbeingmustinhabitaworldthatisrelativelyfreeofambiguityandreasonablypredictable.Somesortofstructuremustbeplacedupontheendlessprofusionofincomingsignals.Theinfant,bornintoaworldofflashing,hissing,movingimages,soonlearnstoadaptbyresolvingthischaosintotoysandtables,dogsandparents.Evenadultswhohavehadtheirvisionorhearingrestoredthroughsurgerydescribetheworldasafrighteningandsometimesunbearableexperience;onlyafterdaysofeffortaretheyabletotransformblurandnoiseintomeaningfulandthereforemanageableexperiences.
Itiscommonplacetotalkasiftheworld"has"meaning,toaskwhat"is"themeaningofaphrase,agesture,apainting,acontract.Yetwhenthoughtabout,itisclearthateventsaredevoidofmeaninguntilsomeoneassignsittothem.Thereisnoappropriateresponsetoaboworahandshake,ashoutorawhisper,untilitisinterpreted.Adropofwaterandthecolorredhavenomeaning,theysimplyexist.Theaimofhumanperceptionistomaketheworldintelligiblesothatitcanbemanagedsuccessfully;theattributionofmeaningisaprerequisitetoandpreparationforaction.
Peopleareneverpassivereceivers,merelyabsorbingeventsofobvioussignificance,butareactiveinassigningmeaningtosensation.Whatanyeventacquiredinthewayofmeaningappearstoreflectatransactionbetweenwhatistheretobeseenorheard,andwhattheinterpreterbringstoitinthewayofpastexperienceandprevailingmotive.Thustheattributionofmeaningisalwaysacreativeprocessbywhichtherawdataofsensationaretransformedtofittheaimsoftheobserver.
Thediversityofreactionsthatcanbetriggeredbyasingleexperience-meetingastranger,negotiatingacontract,attendingatextileconferenceisimmense.Eachobserverisforcedtoseeitthroughhisowneyes,interpretitinthelightofhisownvalues,fitittotherequirementsofhisowncircumstances.Asaconsequence,everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.EachwillacceptsonicrelationsamongthefactsanddenyothersEachwillarriveatsomeconclusion,tentativeorcertain,asthesoundsandformsresolveintoa"temple"or"barn",a"compliment"or"insult".
1.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat(
).
2.Inordertoassignmeaningtoanythingintheworld,oneneedsto
(
).
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
4.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthisarticleisto(
).
問題1選項
A.theworldisbewilderingtotheinfantandtotheadultalike.
B.surgerywillrestoreameaningfulworldtothosewhoundertakeit
C.anyresponsetotheworldwouldbeimpossibleifmeaningwerenotfirstassignedtoit
D.theworldwillbedevoidofmeaningifpeoplefailtounderstandthespecialincomingsignals
問題2選項
A.haveafullknowledgeofthestructureoftheworld
B.transformtheincomingsignals,withthehelpofpreviousexperiences,sothattheycanserveone'sownpurpose
C.differentiateincomingsignalsthatareofsignificanceandthosethatarenot
D.beendowedwithcreativeness
問題3選項
A.Onlyvisualimagescanbeassignedmeaning
B.Incomingsignalsexistforthepurposeofconveyingmeaningtopeople
C.Anindividualmighthavetoadapthimselftothediversifiedexperienceinthisworld
D.Peoplemayhavedifferentresponsestothesameincomingsignal.
問題4選項
A.illustratethedifferentperspectivespeoplemaytakeininterpretinganexperience
B.showthatmeaningisbutasubjectivematter
C.demonstratehowwecanassignmeaningtotheworld
D.arguethatoneneedstohavesomeinsighttounderstandtheworld
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:B
【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由第二段最后一句“Theaimofhumanperceptionistomaketheworldintelligiblesothatitcanbemanagedsuccessfully;theattributionofmeaningisaprerequisitetoandpreparationforaction.人類感知的目的是使世界變得可理解,以便成功地管理世界;意義的歸屬是行動的前提和準(zhǔn)備?!笨芍狢項“如果世界沒有提前被賦予具體意義,那么對于世界的任何反應(yīng)都是不可能的”正確。
第2題:細節(jié)事實題。由第三段可知“whattheinterpreterbringstoitinthewayofpastexperienceandprevailingmotive.Thustheattributionofmeaningisalwaysacreativeprocessbywhichtherawdataofsensationaretransformedtofittheaimsoftheobserver.這是解釋者根據(jù)過去的經(jīng)驗和普遍的動機而得出的結(jié)論。因此,意義的歸屬始終是一個創(chuàng)造性的過程,通過這個過程,原始的感覺被轉(zhuǎn)化為符合觀察者的目標(biāo)。”答案B
第3題:細節(jié)事實題。由第四段“everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.每個觀察者從不同的角度來看待每一個對象和信息。每個人都會注意到一些特征而忽略其他的。”可知D項正確,答案D
第4題:主旨大意題。文章第一段就提到,世界必須被賦予具體的意義。以及第四段“everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.人們看待事物的視角和觀點不同,那么賦予事物的含義也會不同?!笨芍恼伦髡叩膶懽髂康氖潜砻魇挛锏暮x都是人賦予的,是主觀的東西。答案B
9.單選題
Overthelastfifteenyears,runninghasbecomeapopular(
)for30million
participantsofallages.
問題1選項
A.fantasy
B.pastime
C.symposium
D.penalty
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fantasy“幻想”;pastime“消遣,娛樂”;symposium“座談會’;penalty“懲罰”。句意:在過去的三十年里,跑步對于3000萬名各個年齡層的參與者來說成為了一種非常受歡迎的消遣方式。選項B符合題意。
10.單選題
Yettheseglobaltrendshidestarklydifferentnationalandregionalstories.VittorioColao,thebossofVodafone,whichoperatesorpartiallyownsnetworksin31countries,arguesthatthefarthersouthyougo,themorepeopleusetheirphones,evenpasttheequator:wherelifeislessorganized,peopleneedatool,forexampletorejigappointments.“Cultureinfluencesthelifestyle,andthelifestyleinfluencesthewaywecommunicate,hesays.“Ifyoudon’tleaveyourphoneoninameetinginItaly,youarelikelytomissthenextone.”
Othermundanefactorsalsoaffecthowphonesareused.Forinstance,incountrieswheremanypeoplehaveholidayhomestheyaremorelikelytogiveoutamobilenumber,whichthenbecomesthedefaultwheretheycanbereached,thusunderminingtheuseoffixed-linephones.Technologiesarealways“bothconstructiveandconstructedbyhistorical,social,andculturecontexts,”writesMizukoIto,ananthropologistattheUniversityofCaliforniainIrvine,whohasco-editedabookonJapan’smobile-phonesubculture.
Indeed,Japanisagoodexampleofhowsuchsubculturescomeabout.Inthe1990sAmericansandScandinavianswereearlyadoptersofmobilephones.ButinthenextdecadeJapanwaswidelyseenasthemodelforthemobilefuture,givenitsearlyembraceofthemobileInternet.ForsometimeWired,amagazinefortechnologylovers,ranacolumncalled“JapaneseSchoolgirlWatch”,servingreaderswithastreamofmobileoddities.TheimplicationwasthatwhatJapaneseschoolgirlsdidoneday,everyoneelsewoulddothenext.
Thecountry’smobileboomwasarguablyencouragedbyunderlyingsocialconditions.Mostteenagershadlongusedpagerstokeepintouch.In1999NTT,Japan’sdominantoperator,launchedi-mode,aplatformformobile-internetservices.Itallowedcheape-mailsbetweennetworksandtheJapanesepromptlysignedupindrovesformobileinternet.MsItoalsopointsoutthatJapanisacrowdedplacewithlotsofrules.Harriedteenagers,inparticular,havefewchancesforprivateconversationsandtalkingonthephoneinpublicisfrownedupon,ifnotoutlawed.Hencetheappealofmobiledataservices.
ThebestwaytograspJapan’smobilecultureistotakeacrowdedcommutertrain.Thereareplentyofsignsadvisingyounottouseyourphone.Everyfewminutesannouncementsaremadetothesameeffect.Ifyoudotakeacall,youriskmorethandisapprovinggazes.Passengersmayappealtoaguardwhowillquietlybutfirmlyexplain:damedesu?—it’snotallowed.Somestudiessuggestthattalking
onamobilephoneonatrainisseenasworsethaninatheatre.Instead,hushedpassengerstypeawayontheirhandsetsorreadmobile-phonenovels(writtenJapaneseallowsmoreinformationtobedisplayedonasmallscreenthanlanguagesthatusetheRomanalphabet).
1.Accordingtothepassage,anItalianwouldleavehisphoneoninameetingforwhichofthefollowingreason?
2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythepassage?
3.TheauthorsuggeststhatJapanleadstheworldinthemobile-phonecultureinthat________.
4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheJapaneseteenagersarefondofthemobiledataservicesbecause_______。
5.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage,basedonitscontent?
問題1選項
A.Heisafraidofmissingabusinessopportunity.
B.Hisfamilymembersmaycallhiminemergency.
C.Hethinksitisrudetoleaveacallunanswered.
D.Heneedstogetpo
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