考研考博-英語-上海民遠(yuǎn)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海民遠(yuǎn)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Ifwedonotadopturgentmeasures,manyspecieswillbe（）inthenearfuture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinguished

B.extinguished

C.distinct

D.extinct

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。distinguished“卓越的，著名的”；extinguished“熄滅的”；distinct“明顯的”，形容詞；extinct“滅絕的”。句子的主語是“物種”，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.單選題

Thehumanvoiceoftensounds（）onthephone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.twisted

B.irregular

C.deformed

D.distorted

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)twistedadj.扭曲的；B選項(xiàng)irregularadj.不規(guī)則的，無整齊的；C選項(xiàng)deformedadj.丑陋的，畸形的；D選項(xiàng)distortedadj.歪曲的，失真的，受到曲解的。根據(jù)humanvoice可知，D項(xiàng)符合搭配。句意：人聲在電話里聽起來總是有些失真。

3.單選題

Whenyouthinkofthetremendoustechnologicalprogresswehavemade,it’samazinghowlittlewehavedevelopedinotherrespects.WemayspeakcontemptuouslyofthepooroldRomansbecausetheyrelishedtheorgiesofslaughterthatwentonintheirarenas.Wemaydespisethembecausetheymistookthesegoingsonforentertainment.Wemayforgivethemcondescendinglybecausetheylived2000yearsagoandobviouslyknewnobetter.Butareourfeelingsofsuperiorityreallyjustified?Areweanylessblood-thirsty?Whydoboxingmatches,forinstance,attractsuchuniversalinterest?Don’tthespectatorswhoattendthemhopetheywillseesomeviolence?Humanbeingsremainsasbloodthirstyasevertheywere.TheonlydifferencebetweenourselvesandtheRomansisthatwhiletheywerehonestenoughtoadmitthattheyenjoyedwatchinghungrylionstearingpeopleapartandeatingthemalive,wefindallsortsofsophisticatedargumentstodefendsportswhichshouldhavebeenbannedlongage;sportswhicharequiteasbarbarousas,say,publichangingsorbearbaiting.

Itreallyisincrediblethatinthisdayandageweshouldstillallowhuntingorbull-fighting,thatweshouldbepreparedtositbackandwatchtwomenbattereachothertopulpinaboxingring,thatweshouldberelativelyunmovedbythesightofoneoranumberofracingcarscrashingandburstingintoflames.Letusnotdeceiveourselves.Anytalkof‘thesportingspirit’issheerhypocrisy.Peopletakepartinviolentsportsbecauseofthehighrewardstheybring.Spectatorsarewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence.Aworldheavyweightchampionshipmatch,forinstance,isfrontpagenews.Millionsofpeoplearedisappointedifabigfightisoverintworoundsinsteadoffifteen.Theyfeeldisappointmentbecausetheyhavebeendeprivedoftheexquisitepleasureofwitnessingprolongedtortureandviolence.

Whyshouldwebanviolentspoilsifpeopleenjoythemsomuch?Youmayweltask.Theanswerissimple:theyarcuncivilized.Forcenturiesmanhasbeentryingtoimprovehimselfspirituallyandemotionally—admittedlywithlittlesuccess.Butatleastwenolongertoleratethesightmadmencoopedupincages,orpublicfloggingsofanyofthecountlessotherbarbaricpracticeswhichwerecommoninthepast.Prisonsarenolongerthegrimforbiddingplacestheyusedtobe.Socialwelfaresystemsareinoperationinmanypartsoftheworld.Bigeffortsarebeingmadetodistributewealthfairly.Thesechangeshavecomeaboutnotbecausehumanbeingshavesuddenlyandunaccountablyimproved,butbecausepositivestepsweretakentochangethelaw.Thetawisthebiggestinstrumentofsocialchangethatwehaveanditmayexertgreatcivilizinginfluence.Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsports,wewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor’sopinionofnowadays’humanbeingsis（）.

2.Themainideaofthispassageis（）.

3.ThattheauthormentionstheoldRomansis（）.

4.Howmanydangeroussportsdoestheauthormentioninthispassage?

5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notveryhigh

B.high.

C.contemptuous.

D.critical.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.viciousanddangeroussportsshouldbebannedbylaw.

B.peoplearewillingtopayvastsumsmoneytoseeviolence.

C.tocomparetwodifferentattitudestowardsdangeroussports.

D.peoplearebloodthirstyinsports.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tocomparetheoldRomanswithtoday’speople.

B.togiveanexample.

C.toshowhumanbeingsinthepastknownothingbetter.

D.toindicatehumanbeingsareusedtobloodthirsty.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Three.

B.Five.

C.Six.

D.Seven.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.that,bybanningtheviolentsports,wehumanbeingscanimproveourselves.

B.that,bybanningthedangeroussports,wecanimprovethelaw.

C.thatwemustlakepositivestepstoimprovesocialwelfaresystem.

D.toshowlawisthemaininstrumentofsocialchange.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，作者在第一段指出：現(xiàn)在的我們和羅馬人的區(qū)別在于，羅馬人誠實(shí)的承認(rèn)他們暴力且嗜血，而我們則使用各種理由來掩蓋自己和羅馬人一樣的本性。第二段作者以暴力的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)為例進(jìn)行闡述，但在第三段指出，人們努力進(jìn)行改善，比如社會(huì)福利和法律，盡管沒有成功但有所改觀。作者一直站在客觀的角度闡述事實(shí)，并沒有體現(xiàn)出輕蔑和批判的語氣，并且對(duì)人們還抱有期望，所以作者只是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的人們?cè)u(píng)價(jià)不高，選項(xiàng)A更加恰當(dāng)。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)上一題的分析可知，作者是不希望看到暴力危險(xiǎn)的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的，所以作者希望法律能夠禁止暴力危險(xiǎn)的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文第一段中所提及的“Humanbeingsremainsasbloodthirstyasevertheywere.人類仍然和以前一樣嗜血?！弊髡咧蕴岬搅_馬人，不僅僅是以此來舉例或者是和現(xiàn)在的人進(jìn)行比較，作者真正的目的在于強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的人們和以前的羅馬人一樣嗜血。所以選項(xiàng)D更恰當(dāng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。原文提到的危險(xiǎn)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)有：boxing(拳擊);bearbaiting(逗熊游戲);hunting(打獵);bull-fighting(斗牛);carscrashing(賽車)。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.作者意圖題。根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句話“Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsports,wewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings.如果我們禁止危險(xiǎn)和暴力的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，我們就向改善人類又邁進(jìn)了一步。我們將認(rèn)識(shí)到暴力是人類的墮落和不值得?！庇纱丝芍?，作者認(rèn)為通過禁止暴力運(yùn)動(dòng)，人們能夠改善自我。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.單選題

Mylittlesisterisnotallowedtoplaywiththechildrennextdoorbecauseoneofthemissufferingfromaninfectiousdisease.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atransferring

B.atouching

C.acontaminating

D.acontagious

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)atransferring“轉(zhuǎn)移”；B選項(xiàng)atouching“感人的”；C選項(xiàng)acontaminating“污染”；D選項(xiàng)acontagious“傳染的”。句意：我的小妹妹不被允許和隔壁的孩子們一起玩，因?yàn)樗麄冎械囊粋€(gè)患了傳染病。劃線部分aninfectious是傳染的意思。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Hewouldhavefinishedhiscollegeeducation,buthe（

）toquitandfindajobtosupporthisfamily.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadhad

B.has

C.had

D.wouldhave

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他本來會(huì)完成自己的大學(xué)教育，但是他卻不得不放棄，然后找一份工作來養(yǎng)家。

語法題考查一般過去吋態(tài)。由句中關(guān)鍵詞“wouldhavefinished本來會(huì)完成”表示對(duì)過去事情的假設(shè),因此這里表示對(duì)過去情況的描述，故C項(xiàng)“had（其為動(dòng)詞have的過去時(shí)態(tài)）”正確。

6.單選題

Fertilizer,naturalsubstanceormixtureisusedto（）soilsoastopromoteplantgrowth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enact

B.enlarge

C.enclose

D.enrich

【答案】D

【解析】句意:肥料、自然物質(zhì)或混合物被用來使土地肥沃,以促進(jìn)植物生長。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Enact通過(法律),扮演,擔(dān)任…角色;enlarge擴(kuò)大,擴(kuò)充,擴(kuò)展;enclose圍繞,放入封套;enrich使充實(shí),使肥沃,使富足。故D符合句意。

7.單選題

Heisvery（）ofhisconductandpromisesnevertobehavelikethatagain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sorry

B.miserable

C.ashamed

D.guilty

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)sorry“遺憾的；對(duì)不起的”；B選項(xiàng)miserable“悲慘的；痛苦的”；C選項(xiàng)ashamed“羞愧的；慚愧的”；D選項(xiàng)guilty“內(nèi)疚的”。句意：他對(duì)自己的行為非?！⒈ＷC再也不那樣做了。由promisesnevertobehavelikethatagain.（保證再也不會(huì)那樣做了。）可知他對(duì)自己的行為表示羞愧，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

HissuccessfulnegotiationswiththeAmericanshelpedhim（

）hispositioninthegovernment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contrive

B.heave

C.intensify

D.consolidate

【答案】D

【解析】句意:與美國的成功談判幫他鞏固了自己在政府中的地位。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Contrive圖謀,發(fā)明,設(shè)計(jì);heave用力舉起,投擲;intensify(使)加強(qiáng),增強(qiáng),加劇;consolidate使加強(qiáng),使鞏固。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞hisposition(地位)可知D符合句意。

9.單選題

Thecountrycarriedonnucleartestswithoutfeelingapprehensiveabouttheconsequences.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.optimistic

B.anxious

C.uncertain

D.scared

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。apprehensive表示“憂慮的，不安的”；A項(xiàng)optimistic“樂觀的”，B項(xiàng)anxious“焦慮的”，C項(xiàng)uncertain“不確定的”，D項(xiàng)scared“害怕的”。句意：這個(gè)國家進(jìn)行了核試驗(yàn)，并不擔(dān)心其后果。根據(jù)句意可知，選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

（1）

Player1maynotknowtheseparticularwordsofwisdom,butchancesareshe'sthinkingmuchthesameasshetriestodecidewhethertosendPlayer2someofher$10stake.Ifshedoes,themoneywillbetripled,andheranonymouspartnercanchoosetoreturnnone,some,orallofthecash.ButwhyshouldPlayer2sendanythingback?AndwhyshouldPlayer1giveanythinginthefirstplace?Despitetheironlogicofthisargument,shetypesinhercommandtosendsomemoney.Afewmomentslatershesmiles,seeingfromherscreenthatPlayer2hasreturnedatidysumthatleavesthembothshowinganetprofit.

（2）

BasedonexactlythesamecoldlogicthatPlayer1dismissed,theso-calledNashequilibriumpredictsthatineconomictransactionsbetweenstrangers,whereonehastomakedecisionsbasedonaforecastofanother'sresponse,theoptimalleveloftrustiszero.Yetdespitetheeconomicorthodoxy,thebehaviorofPlayers1and2isnotexceptional.Infact,overthecourseofhundredsofsuchtrials,itturnsoutthatabouthalfofPlayer1ssendsomemoney,andthree-quartersofPlayer2swhoreceiveitsendsomeback.

Zakisaleadingprotagonistintherelativelynewfieldofneuroeconomics,whichaimstounderstandhumansocialinteractionsthrougheverylevelfromsynapsetosociety.Itisahugelyambitiousundertaking.Bylayingbarethemysteriesofsuchnebuloushumanattributesastrust,neuroeconomistshopetotransformourself-understanding.（3）

“Aswelearnmoreabouttheremarkableinternalorderofthemind,wewillalsounderstandfarmoredeeplythesocialmindandthereforetheexternalorderofpersonalexchange,andtheextendedorderofexchangethroughmarkets.”

（4）

AsZak’scollaboratorSteveKnackoftheWorldBankpointsout:“Trustisoneofthemostpowerfulfactorsaffectingacountry'seconomichealth.Wheretrustislow,individualsandorganizationsaremorewaryaboutengaginginfinancialtransactions,whichtendstodepressthenationaleconomy.”

Andtrustlevelsdiffergreatlybetweennations.TheWorldValuesSurvey,basedattheUniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,hasaskedpeopleincountriesaroundtheworld,“Doyouthinkstrangerscangenerallybetrusted?”thepositiveresponseratevariesfromabout65%inNorwaytoabout5%inBrazil.（5）

“Policy-makersintheselattercountriesmightbeurgentlyinterestedinmechanismsthatenablethemtoraisenationaltrustlevels,”observesKnack.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica—riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica-riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica-riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica-riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica-riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:G

第3題:F

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.此句為整篇文章的開頭，用意大利的諺語引入主題，“信任是件好事，但最好不要信任?！保鶕?jù)第一段的內(nèi)容，主要講到了玩家一和玩家二之間的金錢交易行為以及是否彼此信任，可知，文章的主題為信任關(guān)系，所以選項(xiàng)D符合文意。

2.文章第一段主要用實(shí)例說明了經(jīng)濟(jì)交易中的信任關(guān)系，也是對(duì)意大利諺語的一種反駁和證明，說明經(jīng)濟(jì)交易中是存在信任關(guān)系的。文章第二段把這種信任再次放到經(jīng)濟(jì)理論中進(jìn)行了討論。所以第一段實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的結(jié)果不僅是對(duì)諺語的一種蔑視，而且是對(duì)第二段中提到的經(jīng)濟(jì)理論的挑戰(zhàn)。選項(xiàng)G符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章第三段，主要提到了Zak的相關(guān)理論和觀點(diǎn)，因?yàn)榭崭裆衔奶岬搅薢ak這個(gè)人物，所以下文用he來指代。選項(xiàng)F符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章第四段，可知主要提到信任是影響一個(gè)國家經(jīng)濟(jì)最強(qiáng)大的因素之一，所以本段的首句應(yīng)與國家經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.根據(jù)文章第五段，主要內(nèi)容為不同國家之間的信任水平存在差異，并給了一些統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)?？崭袂敖o出了挪威和巴西有關(guān)信任度的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)，可判斷出空格中會(huì)繼續(xù)列舉數(shù)據(jù)。又根據(jù)空格后文，提到后面一類的國家迫切需要提升國民信任度?？芍崭裰袝?huì)列舉一些國民信任度較低的國家，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

11.單選題

Althoughhehadbeengivenseveraltraffictickets,thedriver（）thathehadnotbeenresponsibleforasingleaccident.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.defended

B.acknowledged

C.inferred

D.contended

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。defend辯護(hù)；acknowledged承認(rèn)，確認(rèn)；inferred推測(cè)；contended主張，為…競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。句意：盡管他收到了幾張交通罰單，但司機(jī)辯護(hù)稱他對(duì)這幾起交通事故都沒有責(zé)任。由Although可知前后兩句是讓步關(guān)系。雖然該司機(jī)收到幾張罰單，但他辯護(hù)….故A項(xiàng)符合句意。

12.單選題

Itshardlyevernecessarytoaskahungryboytocometodinnertwicebecausehehasahearty

A

B

C

appetitethatgetshimtothetablequickly.

D

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itshardlyever

B.tocometo

C.tocometo

D.tocometo

【答案】A

【解析】考查it形式主語。It’s+形容詞+todo表示“做某事怎么樣”。it在句中做形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式。

試題答案：A;it’shardlyevernecessary

13.單選題

Hisfacegavehim______whenhetoldalie.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.off

B.up

C.away

D.out

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)off“離開，脫掉”，giveoff表示“發(fā)出（光等），長出（枝、杈等）”；B項(xiàng)up“向上，上漲”，giveup表示“放棄”；C項(xiàng)away“離去，離開”，giveaway表示“贈(zèng)送，喪失，泄露”；D項(xiàng)out“向外，室外”，giveout表示“分發(fā)，發(fā)出”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞hisface“他的面部”和whenhetoldalie“當(dāng)他說謊時(shí)”可知，空格部分表示“泄露”，C項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：他說謊時(shí)，臉上的表情出賣了他。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Lifeisacandle（

）toburnevenbrighter.?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beingmeant

B.meaning

C.tomean

D.meant

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞“burnevenbrighter越燃越亮”的對(duì)應(yīng)知這里指代“人們希望蠟燭（或蠟燭應(yīng)該）越燃越亮”；再由“mean”一詞在表示“主觀希望”時(shí)一般用被動(dòng)語態(tài)知D項(xiàng)“meant（其完整形式應(yīng)該為whichismeant）”正確。故正確答案選D。

15.單選題

Therenownedpsychologistvolunteeredtotakepartinasmall（）tophotographwildanimalsintherainforest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.expenditure

B.expertise

C.exposition

D.expedition

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)expenditure“支出；經(jīng)費(fèi)”；B選項(xiàng)expertise“專門知識(shí)；專家的意見”；C選項(xiàng)exposition“博覽會(huì)；闡述；展覽會(huì)”；D選項(xiàng)expedition“遠(yuǎn)征；探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)；迅速”。句意：這位著名的心理學(xué)家自愿加入一個(gè)小探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)去拍攝熱帶雨林的野生動(dòng)物。根據(jù)句意，D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Withitscommoninterestinlaw-breakingbutitsimmenserangeofsubject-matterandwidely-varyingmethodsoftreatment,thecrimenovelcouldmakealegitimateclaimtoberegardedasaseparatebranchofliterature,or,atleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.

Thedetectivestoryisprobablythemostrespectable(atanyrateinthenarrowsenseoftheword)ofcrimespecies.Itscreationisoftentherelaxationofuniversityteachers,literaryeconomists,scientistsorevenpoets.Fatalitiesmayoccurmorefrequentlyandmysteriouslythanmightbeexpectedinpolitesociety,buttheworldinwhichtheyhappen,thevillage,seasideresort,collegeorstudio,isfamiliartous,ifnotfromourownexperience,atleastinthenewspaperorthelivesoffriends.Thecharacters,thoughnormallyrealizedsuperficially,areasrecognizablyhumanandconsistentasourlessintimateassociates.Astorysetinamoreremoteenvironment,Africanjungle,orAustralianbush,ancientChinaorgas-litLondon,appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablyauthenticbackground.Theelaborate,carefullyassembledplot,despisedthemodernintellectualcriticsandcreatorsofsignificantnovels,hasfoundrefugeinthemurdermysterywithitssprinklingofclues,itsspicingwithapparentimpossibilities,allwithappropriatesolutionsandexplanationsattheend.WiththeguiltofescapismfromRealLifenagginggently,wesecretlyrevelintheunmaskingofevilbyavaguelysuper-humandetective,whoseesthroughanddispelsthecloudofsuspicionwhichhashoveredsounjustlyovertheinnocent.

Thoughitsvillainalsoreceiveshisrightfuldeserts,thethrillerpresentsalesscomfortableandcredibleworld.Thesequenceoffistfights,revolverduels,carcrashesandescapesfromgas-filledcellarsexhauststhereaderfarmorethanthehero,who,sufferingfromatleasttwobrokenribs,oneblackeye,uncountablebruisesandahangover,canstillchaseandoverpoweranarmedvillainwiththephysiqueofawrestler.Hemovesdangerouslythroughaworldofruthlessgangs,brutality,aviciouslustforpowerandmoneyand,incontrasttothedetectivetale,withanear-omniscientarch-criminalwhosedefeatseemsalmostaccidental.Perhapswemissinthethrillerthesecurityofbeingsafelyledbyourimperturbableinvestigatorpastascoreofredherringsandblindavenuestoafinalgatheringofsuspectswhenanunchallengeableelucidationofallthathasbewilderedusisgivenandjusticeandgoodnessprevail.Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.

1.Thecrimenovelmayberegardedas______.

2.Thetextsuggeststhatintellectualswritedetectivestoriesbecause______.

3.Whatfeatureofthedetectivestoryissaidtodisqualifyitfromrespectfulconsiderationbyintellectualcritics?

4.Oneofthemostincrediblecharacteristicsoftheheroofathrilleris______.

5.Inwhatwayarethedetectivestoryandthrillerunlike?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anotquiterespectableformoftheconventionalnovel

B.notatruenovelatall

C.relatedinsomewayslothehistoricalnovel

D.anindependentdevelopmentofthenovel

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thestoriesareofteninfactveryinstructive

B.theyenjoywritingthesestories

C.thecreationofthesestoriesdemandsconsiderableintelligence

D.detectivestoriesareanacceptedbranchofliterature

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Themanyseemingimpossibleevents.

B.Thefactthattheguiltyarealwaysfoundoutandtheinnocentcleared.

C.Theexistenceofaneatclosely-knitstory.

D.Thelackofinterestingenuinecharacterrevelations.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hisexcitinglife

B.hisamazingtoughness

C.hisabilitytoescapefromdangeroussituations

D.thewayhedealswithhisenemies

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Inintroducingviolence.

B.Inprovidingexcitementandsuspense.

C.Inappealingtotheintellectualcuriosityofthereader.

D.Inensuringthateverythingcomesrightintheend.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Thecrimenovelmayberegardedas______.1.犯罪小說被認(rèn)為______。

A.anotquiterespectableformoftheconventionalnovelA.傳統(tǒng)小說的一種不是很體面的形式

B.notatruenovelatallB.根本不是一部真正的小說

C.relatedinsomewayslothehistoricalnovelC.某些方面與歷史小說是相通的

D.anindependentdevelopmentofthenovelD.小說的一個(gè)獨(dú)立發(fā)展

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“……犯罪小說可以合法地宣稱它是文學(xué)的一個(gè)獨(dú)立分支，或者至少是傳統(tǒng)小說的一個(gè)獨(dú)特的分支，盡管這個(gè)分支有點(diǎn)名聲不太好”可知，犯罪小說被認(rèn)為是文學(xué)或者傳統(tǒng)小說的一個(gè)獨(dú)特分支，也就是說它是小說的一個(gè)獨(dú)立發(fā)展，因此D項(xiàng)“小說的一個(gè)獨(dú)立發(fā)展”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)小說的一種不是很體面的形式”根據(jù)解題思路可知，犯罪小說只是傳統(tǒng)小說的一個(gè)獨(dú)特分支，而不是它的一種形式，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

B項(xiàng)“根本不是一部真正的小說”，根據(jù)解題思路可知犯罪小說是傳統(tǒng)小說的一個(gè)獨(dú)特的分支，犯罪小說是一種小說，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“某些方面與歷史小說是相通的”沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Thetextsuggeststhatintellectualswritedetectivestoriesbecause______.2.文章認(rèn)為知識(shí)分子寫偵探小說是因?yàn)開_____。

A.thestoriesareofteninfactveryinstructiveA.這些故事實(shí)際上往往很有教育意義

B.theyenjoywritingthesestoriesB.他們喜歡寫這些故事

C.thecreationofthesestoriesdemandsconsiderableintelligenceC.創(chuàng)作這些故事需要相當(dāng)大的智慧

D.detectivestoriesareanacceptedbranchofliteratureD.偵探小說是公認(rèn)的文學(xué)分支

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第二句“它的創(chuàng)作往往是大學(xué)教師、文學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家、科學(xué)家甚至詩人消遣時(shí)創(chuàng)作出來的”可推測(cè)，知識(shí)分子寫偵探小說是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g寫這些故事。因此B選項(xiàng)“他們喜歡寫這些故事”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“這些故事實(shí)際上往往很有教育意義”、C項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)作這些故事需要相當(dāng)大的智慧”和D項(xiàng)“偵探小說是公認(rèn)的文學(xué)分支”在文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Whatfeatureofthedetectivestoryissaidtodisqualifyitfromrespectfulconsiderationbyintellectualcritics?3.偵探小說的什么特點(diǎn)使它不受知識(shí)分子評(píng)論家的尊重？

A.Themanyseemingimpossibleevents.A.許多看似不可能的事件。

B.Thefactthattheguiltyarealwaysfoundoutandtheinnocentcleared.B.有罪的人總能被發(fā)現(xiàn)，清白的人總能洗脫罪名。

C.Theexistenceofaneatclosely-knitstory.C.存在著一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔而緊密的故事。

D.Thelackofinterestingenuinecharacterrevelations.D.對(duì)真實(shí)性格的揭露缺乏興趣。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第六句“精心設(shè)計(jì)的情節(jié)，藐視現(xiàn)代的知識(shí)批評(píng)家和重要小說的創(chuàng)造者（despisedthemodernintellectualcriticsandcreatorsofsignificantnovels）……”可以看出，偵探小說不受知識(shí)分子評(píng)論家的尊重是因?yàn)樗o密的情節(jié)設(shè)置藐視了現(xiàn)代知識(shí)分子批評(píng)家和偉大小說的創(chuàng)作者，所以C項(xiàng)“存在著一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔而緊密的故事”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“許多看似不可能的事件”、B項(xiàng)“有罪的人總能被發(fā)現(xiàn)，清白的人總能洗脫罪名”屬于偵探小說里面的情節(jié)，應(yīng)該是C項(xiàng)里的內(nèi)容，所以這兩項(xiàng)以偏概全；

D項(xiàng)“對(duì)真實(shí)性格的揭露缺乏興趣”沒有提到，無中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Oneofthemostincrediblecharacteristicsoftheheroofathrilleris______.4.驚悚小說主人公最令人難以置信的特點(diǎn)之一是______。

A.hisexcitinglifeA.他驚險(xiǎn)刺激的生活

B.hisamazingtoughnessB.他驚人的韌性

C.hisabilitytoescapefromdangeroussituationsC.他逃離危險(xiǎn)處境的能力

D.thewayhedealswithhisenemiesD.他對(duì)付敵人的方式

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thriller和hero定位到原文第三段，由原文第三段第二句“……遭受至少斷了兩根肋骨，眼睛被打黑一只，無數(shù)的瘀傷和宿醉的英雄，仍然可以追逐和壓制帶有武器的且擁有摔跤手體格的惡棍”可知，即使主人公經(jīng)歷了種種磨難，依然能戰(zhàn)勝帶有武器的惡棍。由此可知，B選項(xiàng)“他驚人的韌性”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“他驚險(xiǎn)刺激的生活”沒有提到，無中生有；

C項(xiàng)“逃離危險(xiǎn)處境的能力”和D項(xiàng)“他對(duì)付敵人的方式”都不屬于主人公最不可思議的特征，屬于張冠李戴。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Inwhatwayarethedetectivestor