考研考博-英語-中原工學院信息商務(wù)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中原工學院信息商務(wù)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

“DoyoumindifEdwardridesinyourcar?”

“Yes,Ido.I’llbegladtotake（

）Edward.”

問題1選項

A.somebodyelsethan

B.anybodybut

C.someotherpersonbut

D.anyoneelsethan

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配題。題目是一個情景對話，所以需要關(guān)注上下文，上文提問說‘你介意愛德華乘坐你的車嗎？’，下文回答‘是的，介意?！鶕?jù)這里我們可以推知后一句應該是‘除了愛德華，其他人我都不介意?！痑nyonebutsb.為固定用法，表示“除了某人之外的所有人”，所以B選項正確。

2.單選題

Youmustbeverycareful.Thework（

）precision.

問題1選項

A.retails

B.repels

C.retains

D.entails

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞辨析題。A選項retail“零售，詳述”；B選項repel“擊退，抵制”；C選項retain“保持，固定”；D選項entail“使需要，要求”。句意：你必須非常小心，這項工作對精確性要求極高。選項D符合句意。

3.單選題

France's（

）ofnucleartestingintheSouthPacificlastmonthtriggeredpolitical

debatesandmassdemonstrations.

問題1選項

A.assumption

B.consumption

C.presumption

D.resumption

【答案】D

【解析】上個月法國在南太平洋恢復核測試引起了政治討論和大規(guī)模示威活動。

名詞辨析題。assumption“假定，設(shè)想，擔任；采取”；consumption“消費，消耗”；presumption“放肆，傲慢；推測”；resumption“恢復，取回，重獲”。由句中“triggeredpoliticaldebatesandmassdemonstrations.引起了政治討論和大規(guī)模示威活動”可知空格處的含義是“上個月法國在南太平洋恢復核測試”，所以D選項正確。

4.單選題

Asjournalismbecomesmoreandmorecompetitive,allofus-whetherinbroadcastnewsorinprint(somemaywanttoarguethatthisistruemoreofbroadcastnews,andIperhapswouldn’twanttodebatethat)-arefallingbackonthetriedandtruelocalnewsformulas.Wehave,byandlargeacceptedthepropositionthatpeopledon'tcareaboutforeignnews,don'treallycaremuchabouthardnews-atall-that"feel-goodnews,entertainment,“info-tainment”，features,andgossipsellbetterthananythingseriousandcertainlysellbetterthananythingtoodisturbing.

Ibelievethatkindoftalkiswrong.Ibelievethatkindoftalkisdangerous.And1knowthatkindoftalkhasnothingtodowithleadershipandpublicservice.Usingpublicopinionpolls,focusgroups,andothermarketresearchtechniquesinalimitedroleasinformationaltoolsisonething:usingthemasanexcusetoduckourresponsibilitytothepublictrustisquiteanother.Andforjournaliststobecomeslavestomarketresearch-likethepoliticiansbeforeus-is,Isubmit,mostdangerousofall.Wherearethepublishers,editors,andreportersofgrit,gumption,andguts?Wherearetheoneswhowillfollowtheirconscienceoreventheir“nosefornews”insteadofthepublicopinionpolls?HarryTrumanoncesaidthat,ifMosesbadtakenapublicopinionpoll,hewouldneverleftEgypt.

Ofcourse.Thereisonespecialproblemforthoseofuswhoearn,ourlivingreportingthenewsthatothersmake.Leadershiprequiresdefiniteopinionsonwhichcoursetotake,whatpathtofollow;butthoseofusinthemainstreammediaaretrainedtosetouropinionsasideasfarashumanlypossible.Wetrytokeepopenminds;byandlarge,wearen'tjoiners.Weknow(oftenbetterthanwe’regivencreditfor)thatwedon’thaveanysecretformulasforansweringtheimportantquestions.Sowecanjustifiablyask:“Howarewetolead?”Iknowthatweinthemediaare.GeorgeBernardShawonceobservedthatnewspapersareunabletodistinguishbetweenabicycleaccidentandthecollapseofcivilization.Forus,leadershipshouldbethewillingnesstodistinguishbetweenwhat’smerelyinterestingandwhat’svitallyimportant.

Now,whensomeonesaysthatsomestoriesaremoreimportantthanothers,heorsheisoftenlabeledanelitist,someone,whojustdoesn'tunderstandwhat“realpeople’’careabout.Thisis,ofcourse,thefamiliardefensefortrashtelevisionandtrashtabloids.Andit'salsothereasongivenforreducingforeignnewscoverageaswellascoveragepoliticalcampaigns.Therearealotofpeopleinthebusinesswhosay“realpeoplewon’tcareunlessitbleedsorbums.Therearealotofdoctorsandmarketresearchersouttherewhoinsistthat"realpeople”don'tcaremuchwhathappensintherestoftheworld-theywantthewordsAmericanandtheUnitedStatesplasteredallovertheirnewslikeflagscrowdingacampaignplatform.

1.Whichofthefollowingwordscansubstituteduckinthesecondparagraph?

2.WhatdidHarryTrumanmeanbysayingthat“ifMoseshadtakenapublicopinionpoll,hewouldneverhaveleftEgypt?’’

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Thetoneofthepassageis（）.

5.Accordingtothewriter,themediashould（）.

問題1選項

A.shoulder

B.assume

C.dodge

D.confront

問題2選項

A.MosesdidnotwanttoleaveEgypt,buthewasforcedto.

B.Mosesshouldhavetakenapublicopinionpollbeforehemadethedecision.

C.MosesleftEgyptbecausehedidnottakeapublicopinionpoll.

D.Anyonewhowantstodosomethinggreatshallactresolutely.

問題3選項

A.IntheU.S.,localnewshadawidercoveragethanforeignnews.

B.Localnewsismoreseriousthanforeignnews.

C.“Realpeople”favorforeignnewsoverlocalnews.

D.ForeignnewsisforbiddenintheU.S.

問題4選項

A.commanding

B.critical

C.ironical

D.appreciative

問題5選項

A.reportwhatthe"realpeople'like

B.basetheirdecisionsonthepublicopinion

C.havetheirownjudgmentinwhatistobebroadcast

D.learnfromthepoliticiansinmakingstrategies

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.詞義題。Usingpublicopinionpolls,focusgroups,andothermarketresearchtechniquesinalimitedroleasinformationaltoolsisonething:usingthemasanexcusetoduckourresponsibilitytothepublictrustisquiteanother.利用民意調(diào)查、焦點小組和其他市場調(diào)查技術(shù)作為有限的信息工具是一回事，利用它們作為借口（）我們對公眾的責任是另一回事。由借口可推測出是逃避對公眾的責任。故C項正確。

2.語義題。HarryTrumanoncesaidthat,ifMosesbadtakenapublicopinionpoll,hewouldneverleftEgypt.哈里?杜魯門曾經(jīng)說過，如果摩西?巴特過去做了民意調(diào)查，他就不會離開埃及。由此可知摩西巴特過去沒做過民意調(diào)查，并且他已經(jīng)離開了埃及。故C項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段“Asjournalismbecomesmoreandmorecompetitive,allofus-whetherinbroadcastnewsorinprint(somemaywanttoarguethatthisistruemoreofbroadcastnews,andIperhapswouldn’twanttodebatethat)-arefallingbackonthetriedandtruelocalnewsformulas.隨著新聞變得越來越有競爭力,我們所有人——無論是在廣播新聞或已出版的新聞(有些可能會認為這是正確的廣播新聞,我也許不想辯論)——回落在嘗試和真正的本地新聞公式。由此可知在美國，人們更關(guān)注當?shù)匦侣?。故A項正確。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。本文第二三四段所提到的內(nèi)容都帶有作者的評論。故本篇文章的口吻是評論性的。B項正確。

5.判斷推理題。由第二段“Andforjournaliststobecomeslavestomarketresearch-likethepoliticiansbeforeus-is,Isubmit,mostdangerousofall.Wherearethepublishers,editors,andreportersofgrit,gumption,andguts?Wherearetheoneswhowillfollowtheirconscienceoreventheir“nosefornews”insteadofthepublicopinionpolls?我認為，記者成為市場研究的奴隸——就像我們之前的政客一樣——是最危險的。那些關(guān)于勇氣、進取心和膽量的出版商、編輯和記者在哪里?那些憑良心、甚至憑嗅覺而不是憑民意來判斷新聞的人在哪里？”可知作者認為記者應該有自己的判斷力，而不是聽信民意調(diào)查。故C項正確。

5.翻譯題

Successfulleadersareemotionallyandintellectuallyorientedtothefuture—notweddedtothepast.Theyhaveahungertotakeresponsibility,toinnovate,andtoinitiate.Theyarenotcontentwithmerelytakingcareofwhat’salreadythere.Theywanttomoveforwardtocreatesomethingnew.

Leadersprovideanswersaswellasdirection,offerstrengthaswellasdedication,andspeakfromexperienceaswellasunderstandingoftheproblemstheyfaceandthepeopletheyworkwith.

Leadersareflexibleratherthandogmatic.Theybelieveinunityratherthanconformity.Andtheystrivetoachieveconsensusoutofconflict.

Leadershipisallaboutgettingpeopleconsistentlytogivetheirbest,helpingthemtogrowtotheirfullestpotential,andmotivatingthemtoworktowardacommongood.Leadermaketherightthingshappenwhenthey’resupposedto.

Agoodleader,aneffectiveleader,isonewhohasrespect.Respectissomethingyouhaveinordertoget.Aleaderwhohasrespectforotherpeopleatalllevelsofanorganization.Fortheworktheydo,andfortheirabilities,aspirationsandneeds,willfindthatrespectisreturn.Andallconcernedwillbemotivatedtoworktogether.

【答案】成功的領(lǐng)導者無論在情感上還是在理智上都著眼于未來，而不是執(zhí)著于過去。他們渴望創(chuàng)新，積極開拓。他們不滿足于現(xiàn)狀，他們想要前進去創(chuàng)造新事物。

領(lǐng)導者不僅提供指導也提供答案，不僅給予力量而且樂于奉獻，他們說話既根據(jù)經(jīng)驗，也根據(jù)他們對所面臨的問題和一起共事的人的理解。

領(lǐng)導者處事靈活而不武斷。他們相信的是團結(jié)而不是隨波逐流。他們力圖在沖突中達成共識。

領(lǐng)導力在于讓人們始終盡顯其能，幫助他們最大限度地發(fā)揮自己的潛力，并激勵他們朝著共同的目標而努力。領(lǐng)導者在必要的時候能做出正確的決斷。

一個好的領(lǐng)導者，一個卓有成效的領(lǐng)導者，是一個尊重他人的人。要得到他人的尊重必須先尊重他人。一個尊重組織上各級員工，尊重他們的工作、能力、愿望和需求的領(lǐng)導者也會得到他人的尊重。所有這些都會激勵大家共同努力。

6.單選題

Jazztendstobeacasualdialogueformofdancequite（）inthereceptiveandmechanicalformsofthewaltz.

問題1選項

A.lacked

B.lacking

C.forlackof

D.lackof

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法知識。空格處詞語用來修飾前面的dance，所以是形容詞性。lack與dance之間是主動關(guān)系，因此應使用動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式來修飾。因此B選項符合題意。

7.翻譯題

Scienceandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasicconstituentsofmatter,andthemiracleoflife.

Atthesametime,today,theactions,andinaction,ofhumanbeingsimperilnotonlylifeontheplanet,buttheverylifeoftheplanet.

Globalizationismakingtheworldsmaller,fasterandricher.Still,911andavianfluremindusthatasmaller,fasterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.

Ourworldisburstingwithknowledge—butdesperatelyinneedofwisdom.Now,whensoundbitesaregettingshorter,wheninstantmessagescrowdouressays,andwhenindividuallivesgrowmorecrazy,collegegraduatescapableofdeepreflectionarewhatourworldneeds.

ForallthesereasonsIbelieve—andIbelieveevenmorestronglytoday—intheuniqueandirreplaceablemissionofuniversities.

【答案】科技的進步使我們能夠了解宇宙的最遠端、物質(zhì)最基本的成分以及生命的奇跡。

與此同時，如今，人類的行動和不作為不僅危害地球上的生命，而且危害地球本身的生命。

全球化正使世界變得越來越小、越來越快、越來越富有。盡管如此，911和禽流感也提醒我們，更小更快的世界不一定更安全。

我們正處于一個知識爆炸的世界，但卻迫切需要智慧。現(xiàn)在，當（新聞采訪的）錄音片段變得越來越短，當即時信息充斥著我們的文章，當個人生活變得越來越瘋狂，我們的世界也需要更有深度思考能力的大學畢業(yè)生。

基于所有這些原因，如今我的信念更為堅定，我相信大學擁有獨特而不可替代的使命。

8.單選題

Hediscovered,tohismortification,thatisyoungsonknewmuchmoreaboutthesubjectthanhedid.

問題1選項

A.surprise

B.decoration

C.delight

D.humiliation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項surprise“驚奇，詫異”，B項decoration“裝飾，裝潢”，C項delight“高興”，D項humiliation“丟臉，恥辱，蒙羞”。句意：使他感到難堪的是，他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的小兒子在這方面比他懂得多。根據(jù)句意可知，mortification在句中表示“難堪”，四個選項中意思與之相近的是D項。因此，該題選擇D項。

9.單選題

WesternNebraskagenerallyreceiveslesssnowthan___EasternNebraska.

問題1選項

A.in

B.does

C.itreceivesin

D.itdoesin

【答案】B

【解析】考查習慣表達。空格處缺失的內(nèi)容實際上指receiveslesssnow這件事，在英語中為了避免重復表達，會用助動詞do/does/did表示前后一樣的動作，根據(jù)主干謂語receives為第三人稱單數(shù)可知應該使用does。因此B選項正確。

10.單選題

Ifithadn’tbeenforthedoctor'scare,I（）speakingtoyounow.

問題1選項

A.wouldnotbe

B.wouldnothavebeen

C.willnotbe

D.willnothavebeen

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。從句用過去完成時,主句要用wouldhavedone的形式。這里都是表否定意義,所以選項B正確。句意：如何沒有醫(yī)生的悉心照料,我現(xiàn)在不會站在這兒和你說話。

11.單選題

Afolkcultureisasmall,isolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-sufficientgroupthatishomogeneousincustomandrace,withastrongfamilyorclanstructureandhighlydevelopedrituals.Orderismaintainedthroughsanctionsbasedinthereligionorfamily,andinterpersonalrelationshipsarestrong.Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.Rather,eachpersonisexpectedtoperforinagreatvarietyoftasks,thoughdutiesmaydifferbetweenthesexes.Mostgoodsarehandmade,andasubsistenceeconomyprevails.Individualismisweaklydevelopedinfolkculturesasaresocialclasses.UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.PerhapsthenearestmodernequivalentinAnglo-AmericanistheAmish,aGermanAmericanfarmingsectthatlargelyrenouncestheproductsandlabor-savingdevicesoftheIndustrialage.InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.TheAmish’scentralreligiousconceptofDemut,"humility",clearlyreflectstheweaknessofindividualismandsocialclassessotypicaloffolkcultures,andthereisacorrespondingstrengthofAmishgroupidentity.RarelydotheAmishmarryoutsidetheirsect.Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.

Bycontrast,apopularcultureisalargeheterogeneousgroup,oftenhighlyindividualisticandconstantlychanging.Relationshipstendtobeimpersonal,andapronounceddivisionoflaborexists,leadingtotheestablishmentofmanyspecializedprofessions.Secularinstitutionsofcontrolsuchasthepoliceandamiytaketheplaceofreligionandfamilyinmaintainingorder,andamoney-basedeconomyprevails.Becauseofthesecontrasts,“popular”maybeviewedasclearlydifferentfrom“folk”.

Thepopularisreplacingthefolkinindustrializedcountriesandinmanydevelopingnations.Folk-madeobjectsgivewaytotheirpopularequivalent,usuallybecausethepopularitemismorequicklyorcheaplyproduce,iseasierortime-savingtouse,orlendsmoreprestigetotheowner.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whichofthefollowingistypicaloffolkcultures?

3.WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheUnitedStatesandCanada?

4.WhatisthemainsourceoforderinAmishsociety?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAmishbeliefsdoesthepassagesupport?

問題1選項

A.Twodecadesinmodernsociety.

B.Theinfluenceofindustrialtechnology.

C.Thecharacteristicsof“folk”and“popular”societies

D.ThespecializationoflaborinCanadaandtheUnitedStates

問題2選項

A.Thereisamoney-basedeconomy

B.Socialchangeoccursslowly

C.Contactwithotherculturesisencouraged.

D.Eachpersondevelopsonespecializedskill.

問題3選項

A.Theyvaluefolkcultures.

B.Theyhavepopularcultures.

C.Theyhavenosocialclasses.

D.Theydonotvalueindividualism.

問題4選項

A.Thegovernment.

B.Theclanstructure.

C.Theeconomy.

D.Thereligion.

問題5選項

A.Variousreligiouspracticesaretolerated.

B.Individualismandcompetitionareimportant.

C.Pre-moderntechnologyispreferred.

D.Peoplearedefinedaccordingtotheirclass.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章主要分為三個部分，第一個部分講述的是民間文化社會的特點，第二部分講述的是大眾文化社會的特點，第三部分是講述在工業(yè)時代的如今，大眾流行文化正在取代民間文化。選項A：二十年的現(xiàn)代社會；選項B:工業(yè)技術(shù)的影響；選項D：加拿大和美國的勞動專業(yè)化，以上選項均與原文不符。選項C:“民俗化”社會與“大眾化”社會的特征“為正確選項。

第2題:事實細節(jié)題。由題干意思定位到文章第一段中Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.“傳統(tǒng)是至高無上的，很少有改變，而且變化很慢。很少有專門的勞動分工?！庇纱丝芍x項B“社會變革發(fā)生得很慢”與原文相符，為正確選項，而選項A、C、D均與原文表述的意思相反。

第3題:事實細節(jié)題。題干意思是關(guān)于美國和加拿大，作者暗示了什么?可以定位到文章第—段中UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.“在美國和加拿大等工業(yè)化國家，一成不變的民間文化已經(jīng)不復存在?！笨梢酝茢喑鰞蓚€國家的文化均已大眾流行化，由此可知B選項“它們有大眾流行文化”與原文意思相符，因此B為正確選項。

第4題:事實細節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段最后一句Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.“其宗教，作為Mennonite信仰的一種，提供了維持秩序的主要機制?！庇纱丝芍狣選項“宗教”為正確選項，選項A、B、C均與題意不符。

第5題:事實細節(jié)題。選項A：容忍各種宗教活動。這與文章所表述的阿米什人很少與他們宗派以外的人通婚不符，因此錯誤。選項B：個人主義和競爭很重要這與文章“theweaknessofindividualismandsocialclasses”意思不符，所以為錯誤選項。選項D：每個人發(fā)展一項專門技能，明顯與文中第一段描述不符。選項C：現(xiàn)代以前的技術(shù)更受喜歡，與原文“InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.”所表述的意思“在Amish地區(qū)，輕便馬車仍然是當?shù)氐慕煌üぞ撸磐絺儾辉试S擁有汽車?！毕喾?，因此C選項正確。

12.單選題

Inearly19thcenturyAmerica,careforthementallyillwasalmostnon-existent:theafflictedwereusuallyrelegatedtoprisons,almshouses,orinadequatesupervisionbyfamilies.Treatment,ifprovided,paralleledothermedicaltreatmentsofthetime,includingbloodlettingandpurgatives.However,inawaveofconcernfortheoppressed,sometookaction.Amongthese,DorotheaDixwastheleadingcrusaderfortheestablishmentofstate-supportedmentalasylums.Throughherefforts,thefirststatehospitalsfortheinsanewerebuiltinNewJerseyandPennsylvania.Sheandotherreformerssoughthumane,individualizedcare,withtherichandthepoorhousedtogethertoinsurehighstandardsforall.Themovementwasgeneratedbysocialreform,butthroughoutthecentury,mentalillnesswasprobedandanalyzed,and“cures”prescribedbyboththescientificandlaycommunities.“Moraltreatment”wasthepredominatingphilosophytocuretheinsane.

Thissystemwasdevelopedinlate18thcenturyEurope,andbyBenjaminRushintheUnitedStates.Itchallengedthedemonicexplanationsforinsanityandemphasizedtheroleofenvironmentindeterminingcharacter:improperexternalconditionscouldinducederangement.The“moraltreatment”systemwasoptimisticthatanappropriateenvironmentcouldfacilitatecure,especiallyforthosewithacute(notchronic)afflictions.Essentialtothistheorywasaphysiologicalbasis/formentaldisorder:insanitywascausedbybraindamage.Thebrain'ssurfacewassoftandmalleableandphysicallyalteredbyoutwardinfluence.Thisideawascloselyrelatedtophrenology,whichassignedspecificfacultiestosectionsofthebrain.

Thenotionthatmentalillnessresultedfromphysicalimpairmentwasrarelychallenged,butthenatureandtreatmentofailmentswerecontinuallydebated.Tofindphysicalevidenceformentaldeficiencies,autopsiesperformedonmentalpatientstodiscoverlesionsorotherabnormalities.Althoughprogresswasmadeinthediagnosisofsomaticdiseasesliketumorssyphiliticderangement,theseeffortswerefrustratingandsubjective.Alsocontroversialwasthefateofthechronicallyversusacutelyill:thedifferencesbetweenthem,whethertheyshouldbehousedtogether,andwhetherthechronicallyillshouldbetreatedatall.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Accordingtoparagraph1,themovementtoestablishstate-supportedmentalasylumswasmotivatedbyconcernfor（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemethodsusedin“moraltreatment”were

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,phrenologywas

（

）.

5.Autopsieswereperformedonmentalpatients（

）.

問題1選項

A.Careofthementallyill

B.Theinfluenceof“moraltreatment”

C.TheinfluenceofDorotheaDixandBenjaminRush

D.Socialandmedicalreform

問題2選項

A.inadequatecarebyfamilies

B.socialreform

C.theeffectsofmedicaltreatment

D.thosewhowerenotmentallyill

問題3選項

A.controversial

B.accepted

C.proven

D.dangerous

問題4選項

A.neververypopular

B.atheoryaboutdeterminingaperson'scharacter

C.acauseofmentalillness

D.atheoryaboutaperson'sbrain

問題5選項

A.tofindevidenceformoraltreatmenttheory

B.fordiagnosisofmentalillness

C.aspartoftreatment

D.onacuteratherthanchronicpatients

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。原文第一段首先指出早期的美國對精神病人的照顧是不存在的，接下來的段落則是探討精神疾病的治療方法。由此可知，本文主要講述的是對精神疾病的關(guān)注，所以選項A正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Themovementwasgeneratedbysocialreform...”這場運動是由社會改革引發(fā)的……所以選項B正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Thenotionthatmentalillnessresultedfromphysicalimpairmentwasrarelychallenged,butthenatureandtreatmentofailmentswerecontinuallydebated.”精神疾病是由身體損傷引起的這一概念很少受到挑戰(zhàn)，但對疾病的性質(zhì)和治療一直存在爭議。所以選項A正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Thisideawascloselyrelatedtophrenology,whichassignedspecificfacultiestosectionsofthebrain.”這一想法與顱相學密切相關(guān)，顱相學將大腦分為各個不同的機制。由此可知，顱相學是關(guān)于人類大腦的理論。選項D符合原文。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Tofindphysicalevidenceformentaldeficiencies,autopsiesperformedonmentalpatientstodiscoverlesionsorotherabnormalities.”為了尋找精神缺陷身體上的證據(jù)，對精神病人進行尸檢以發(fā)現(xiàn)病變或其他異常。由此可知，對精神病人驗尸是為精神治療理論尋找證據(jù)。選項A符合原文。

13.單選題

Dialogue

問題1選項

A.20

B.24

C.40

D.42

問題2選項

A.Heisadoctor.

B.Heisateacher.

C.Heisachemist.

D.Heisaphotographer.

問題3選項

A.Onhisforearmandforelegs.

B.Onhisforearmandforehead.

C.Onhisthighsandforelegs.

D.Onhisthighsandforearm.19.

問題4選項

A.Anemia.

B.Influenza.

C.Leukemia.

D.Insomnia.

問題5選項

A.Tocheckthereoccurrenceofthedisease.

B.Todeterminethetypeoffluvirus.

C.Toprepareforbloodtransfusion.

D.Toconfirmthediagnosis.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】W:MisterBaxter.MayIaskyousomequestions?

M:Yes.

W:CanIstartatthebeginning?CanIcheckyourage?

M:Forty-two.

W:Whatsortofworkdoyoudo?

M:I'mateacher.

W:Icanassumeyouhaven’tbeenexposedtoanynasty,toxicchemicals.

M:Wegetfumesfromthephotocopier,butnothingelse.

W:Now,tellmehowlongyou’vebeenonthe?Well.

M:Reallyonlyabout2weeks.

W:Whatwerethemainproblems?

M:Ijustgotweakerandweaker.Iranoutoftheenergyandfaintedintheclinicyesterday.

W:Haveyougotanybruising?

M:Yes.InoticedsomeonmythighsandoneofmyforearmswhereIhadmybloodtaken.

W:Dear.Anybleedingfromthegums?

M:No.

W:Haveyouhadanyproblemwithinfectionrecently?

M:No,Ihadflownabout2monthsago.

W:Hasanyoneinyourfamilyhadbloodproblems?

M:Mygrannyhadanemiaandwastreatedwithiron.

W:Iwasthinkingofmoreseriousblooddiseases.

M:NotthatIknowof.

W:ArethereanyotherthingsyouthinkIshouldknowabout?

M:No.Doyouthinkitisleukemia?Doctor?

W:I’vestillgottotakemorebloodtoconfirmthediagnosis.ButI’veseentheresultsoftheprevioustest.I’mafraidthatisa95%chancethatitisleukemia.Haveyouanyquestionsbeforewetaketheextrablood?

16.Howoldistheman?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干為：這個男人多少歲？由文中男士回答醫(yī)生的年齡Forty-two，可知D選項42符合原文。其他選項不符合原文。

17.Whatdoesthemando?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干為：這個男人是做什么的？由文中看病的男士說“I’mateacher.（我是教師）”，可知B選項“Heisateacher.（他是個教師）”符合原文。A選項“他是個醫(yī)生”；C選項“他是個化學家”；D選項“他是個攝影師”不符合原文。

18.Wherearetheman’sbruises?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干為：這個男人的淤青在哪兒？由文中醫(yī)生提問“Haveyougotanybruising?（你有沒有哪里淤青）”以及后面男士的回答“Yes.InoticedsomeonmythighsandoneofmyforearmwhereIhadmybloodtaken.（有的，我的大腿某些地方和前臂的一處充血）”，可知D選項“Onhisthighsandforearm.（在他的大腿和前臂上）”符合原文。A選項“前臂和前腿”；B選項“前臂和前額”；C選項“大腿和前腿”不符合原文。

19.Whatisthemanmostprobablysufferingfrom?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干為：這個男人哪里最不舒服？由文中醫(yī)生檢查后得出結(jié)論“ButI’veseentheresultsoftheprevioustest.I’mafraidthatisa95%chancethatitisleukemia.（但是我看了之前的診斷測試，恐怕有百分之九十五的可能是白血?。?，可知C選項“Leukemia（白血?。狈显?。A選項“貧血癥”；B選項“流行性感冒”；D選項“失眠癥”不符合原文。

20.Whydoesthewomanwanttoadministeranotherbloodtest?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干為：女士為什么要讓他再做一次血液檢查？由文中“I’vestillgottotakemorebloodtoconfirmthediagnosis.（我還需要采更多的血來測試確診）”，可知D選項“Toconfirmthediagnosis.（確診）”。A選項“確診病是否會復發(fā)”；B選項“確定流感病毒的類型”；C選項“準備輸血”不符合原文。

14.單選題

Bacteriaareextremelysmalllivingthings.Whilewemeasureourownsizesininchesorcentimeters,bacterialsizeismeasuredinmicrons.Onemicronisathousandthofamillimeter:apinheadisaboutamillimeteracross.Rod-shapedbacteriaareusuallyfromtwotofourmicronslong,whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter.Thus,ifyouenlargedaroundedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldbejustaboutthesizeofapinhead.Anadulthumanmagnifiedbythesameamountwouldbeoveramile(1.6kilometers)tall.

Evenwithanordinalmicroscopy,youmustlookcloselytoseebacteria.Usingamagnificationof100times,onefindsthatbacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrodsordots.Onecannotmakeoutanythingoftheirstructure.Usingspecialstains,onecanseethatsomebacteriahaveattachedtothemwavy-looking"hairs"calledflagella.Othershaveonlyoneflagellum.Theflagellarotate,pushingthebacteriathroughthewater.Manybacterialackflagellaandcannotmoveaboutbytheirownpower,whileotherscanglidealongoversurfacesbysomelittle-understoodmechanism

Fromthebacterialpointofview,theworldisaverydifferentplacefromwhatitistohumans.Toabacterium,waterisasthickasmolassesistous.Bacteriaaresosmal