考研考博-英語-南京財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

TheIndiansseelittle（

）forsuccessandbecomefrustrated,becausetheyusuallygotoinferiorschoolandoftencannotadjusttolifeinthecity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.instinct

B.proposition

C.priority

D.prospect

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“直覺”；B選項(xiàng)“命題，主題”；C選項(xiàng)“優(yōu)先權(quán)”；D選項(xiàng)“前途，預(yù)期”。句意：印第安人似乎只有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)對(duì)成功（）而且變得沮喪，因?yàn)樗麄兺ǔＨソ虒W(xué)質(zhì)量不好的學(xué)校而且不能適應(yīng)城市生活。從關(guān)鍵詞gotoinferiorschoolandoftencannotadjusttolifeinthecity可知，印第安人成功希望不是很大，所以答案選D。

2.單選題

Thebrainistotallydependentontheoxygen（）byitsbloodsupply,andbraincellswilldieifdeprivedofoxygenformorethanafewminutes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.produced

B.picked

C.conducted

D.conveyed

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。produce“生產(chǎn)”；pick“選擇”;conduct“組織，實(shí)施，進(jìn)行”；convey“傳達(dá)；運(yùn)輸”。句意：大腦完全依靠血液供應(yīng)中______的氧氣，如果缺氧超過幾分鐘，腦細(xì)胞就會(huì)死亡?？崭裉幩畹膭?dòng)詞用來說明氧氣與血液供給的關(guān)系，顯然血液是不可能”生產(chǎn)”“選擇”或者”組織”氧氣的，只能是”傳送”，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

Whengivinganygeneraloverviewofthedevelopmentanduseofmachinetranslationsystemsandtranslationtools,itisimportanttodistinguishfourbasictypesoftranslationdemands.

Thefirst,andtraditionaltypeofdemandisfortranslationsofaqualitynormallyexpectedfromhumans,i.e.，translationsofpublishablequality.ThisillustratestheuseofMTfordissemination.Ithasbeensatisfied,tosomeextent,bymachinetranslationsystemseversincetheywerefirstdevelopedinthe1960s.However,MTsystemsproduceoutputwhichmustinvariablyberevisedor“post-edited”byhumantranslatorsifitistoreachthequalityrequired.Sometimessuchrevisionmaybesubstantial,sothatineffecttheMTsystemisproducinga“draft”translation.Asanalternative,theinputtextmayberegularized(or“controlled”invocabularyandsentencestructure)sothattheMTsystemproducesfewerrorswhichhavetobecorrected.SomeMTsystemshave,however,beendevelopedtodealwithaverynarrowrangeoftextcontentandlanguagestyle,andthesemayrequirelittleornopreparationorrevisionoftexts.

Thesecondbasicdemandisfortranslationsatasomewhatlowerlevelofquality,whichareintendedforuserswhowanttofindouttheessentialcontentofaparticulardocument—andgenerally,asquicklyaspossible.Thisdemand—theuseofMTforassimilation—hasbeenmetinthepastas,ineffect,aby-productofsystemsdesignedoriginallyforthedisseminationapplication.SinceMTsystemsdidnot(andstillcannot)producehighqualitytranslations,someusershavefoundthattheycanextractwhattheyneedtoknowfromtheuneditedoutput.Theywouldratherhavesometranslation,howeverpoor,thannotranslationatall.WiththecomingofcheaperPC-basedsystemsonthemarket,thistypeofusehasgrownrapidlyandsubstantially.

Thethirdtypeofdemand—MTforinterchange—comesfromtheneedforimmediatetranslationinordertoconveythebasiccontentofmessages.MTsystemsarefindinga“natural”role,sincetheycanoperatevirtuallyorinfactinreal-timeandon-lineandtherehasbeenlittleobjectiontotheinevitablepoorquality,andareusefulinproducingspokenlanguagetranslations,e.g.fortelephoneconversationsandbusinessnegotiations.Theproblemsofintegratingspeechrecognitionandautomatictranslationareobviouslyhardtotackle,butprogressisneverthelessbeingmade.Inthefuture—stilldistant,perhaps—wemayexpecton-lineMTsystemsforthetranslationofspeechinhighlyrestricteddomains.

Thefourthareaofapplicationisfortranslationwithinmultilingualsystemsofinformationretrieval,informationextraction,databaseaccess,etc.ThisfieldisthefocusofanumberofprojectsinEuropeatthepresenttime,whichhavetheaimofwideningaccessforallmembersoftheEuropeanUniontosourcesofdataandinformationwhateverthesourcelanguage.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthatinrenderingpublishabletranslationsofliteraryworks,（

）.

2.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,usersofMTforassimilation

（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthatwiththeprogressivesophisticationsystems,

（

）.

4.Translationwithinmultilingualsystemsofinformationretrieval,etc,isnowthefocusofanumberofprojectsinEuropebecause（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.MTsystems’performanceissatisfactorytoasubstantialdegree

B.littlecouldbedonebyMTsystemsdevelopedsofar

C.MTsystemscandomuchbetterthanhumantranslators

D.considerablerevisiononMTproducedtextsisneeded

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.aregrowingfastinnumber

B.complainalotaboutitspoorquality

C.cangetlittlefromtheuneditedoutput

D.wouldratherhavenotranslationatall

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.onecancommunicateonthetelephonewithanotherwhospeaksadifferentlanguage

B.interpreterswillnolongerbeusefulininternationalnegotiationsorconferences

C.itwillbeonlynaturalthatpeoplewillfindlittleneedtolearnaforeignlanguage

D.peoplewillfindnocausetocomplainaboutthequalityoftextsturnedoutbyMTsystem

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Europeanshavelittledifficultyinoralcommunication

B.therearemorelanguagesspokeninEuropethaninanyotherregionsoftheworld

C.thereisneedforallmembersoftheEuropeanUniontoaccessdataindifferentlanguages

D.thereislessdifficultyindevelopingMTsystemshandlinglanguagessimilartoeachother

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第二段中“However，MTsystemsproduceoutputwhichmustinvariablyberevisedor“post-edited”byhumantranslatorsifitistoreachthequalityrequired.Sometimessuchrevisionmaybesubstantial,sothatineffecttheMTsystemisproducinga“draft”translation.”“然而，MT系統(tǒng)生成輸出總是必須修正或“后編”，翻譯人員是否達(dá)到質(zhì)量要求。有時(shí)這種修訂可能是實(shí)質(zhì)性的，因此MT系統(tǒng)實(shí)際上正在產(chǎn)生一個(gè)“草稿”“翻譯”可知D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“MT系統(tǒng)的性能在很大程度上是令人滿意的”；B項(xiàng)“到目前為止，MT系統(tǒng)所能做的很少”；C項(xiàng)“MT系統(tǒng)可以比人工翻譯做得更好”；D項(xiàng)“需要對(duì)MT產(chǎn)生的文本進(jìn)行大量修訂”

2.判斷推理題。A項(xiàng)“數(shù)量迅速增長”；B項(xiàng)“抱怨質(zhì)量太差”；C項(xiàng)“從未編輯的輸出中可以得到很少的東西”；D項(xiàng)“寧愿不要翻譯”。由題干定位到第三段中“WiththecomingofcheaperPC-basedsystemsonthemarket,thistypeofusehasgrownrapidlyandsubstantially.”“隨著市場(chǎng)上更便宜的基于pc的系統(tǒng)的出現(xiàn)，這種類型的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)迅速而顯著地增長?！笨芍狝項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。定位到第四段中“Theproblemsofintegratingspeechrecognitionandautomatictranslationareobviouslyhardtotackle,butprogressisneverthelessbeingmade.Inthefuture—tilldistant,perhaps—wemayexpecton-lineMTsystemsforthetranslationofspeechinhighlyrestricteddomains.語音識(shí)別與自動(dòng)翻譯相結(jié)合的問題顯然難以解決，但仍在不斷取得進(jìn)展。在未來—仍然遙遠(yuǎn)，或許，我們可以期待在高度受限的領(lǐng)域中實(shí)現(xiàn)語音翻譯的在線MT系統(tǒng)。”可知A項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。由最后一段中“ThisfieldisthefocusofanumberofprojectsinEuropeatthepresenttime,whichhavetheaimofwideningaccessforallmembersoftheEuropeanUniontosourcesofdataandinformationwhateverthesourcelanguage.這一領(lǐng)域是歐洲目前許多項(xiàng)目中的重點(diǎn)，目的是訪問所有歐盟成員國的數(shù)據(jù)和信息來源的源語言?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thechairpersonofawoman’sclubbeingaddressedbyAdlaiStevensonduringhiscampaignindulgedinalengthyintroductionfullof（）remarks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.laudatory

B.lascivious

C.languish

D.lethargic

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)laudatory“贊美的；贊賞的；稱贊的”；B選項(xiàng)lascivious“好色的；淫蕩的；挑動(dòng)情欲的”；C選項(xiàng)languish“憔悴；凋萎；失去活力；苦思”；D選項(xiàng)lethargic“無精打采的，懶洋洋的；昏睡的”。句意：阿德萊?史蒂文森(AdlaiStevenson)在競(jìng)選期間對(duì)婦女俱樂部主席發(fā)表了長篇介紹，充滿了贊美之詞。本句表示“對(duì)婦女俱樂部主席發(fā)表長篇介紹”，則空格處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)表示褒義的形容詞，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Afterhislongillness,theoldmanappearedsothinand（

）thatagustofwindmighthaveblownhimaway.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flimsy

B.powerless

C.frail

D.faint

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。flimsy意為“劣質(zhì)的，不結(jié)實(shí)的，薄而易損壞的”；powerless意為“無影響力的，無權(quán)的，無能為力”；frail意為“脆弱的，虛弱的”；faint意為“（光、聲、味）微弱的，不清楚的”。由句中的longillness（長期生?。┖蛅hin（瘦小的）可知選C。

句意：這位老人病了很久，看上去如此瘦小虛弱以致于一直狂風(fēng)就可能把他吹走。

6.寫作題

Writeanessayofabout250to300wordsonthetopic“QualitiesofLaborandSocietyDevelopment”accordingtotheideagivenbelowinChinese.

人力資源是社會(huì)發(fā)展的前提保證，勞動(dòng)者的素質(zhì)要求是多元化的。在勞動(dòng)技能和勞動(dòng)方式上，社會(huì)對(duì)大家的要求可能不同，但是人的基本社會(huì)道德素養(yǎng)和文化修養(yǎng)對(duì)于社會(huì)而言是共同的一致需求。因此社會(huì)的發(fā)展要注意人的技能和知識(shí)水平提升的同時(shí)也要為人的道德和文化素養(yǎng)的培養(yǎng)提供氛圍和支持。

【答案】QualitiesofLaborandSocietyDevelopment

Humanresourceisthepremiseforsocialdevelopment,andthequalitiesoflaborarediversified.Itisvitalforimprovingtheoverallqualityoftheworkforcetopayattentiontoimprovethequalitiesofthesetwokinds:skillsandmethodsoflabor;socialmoralityandculturalcultivation.

Intermsofskillsandmethodsoflabor,peoplearerequireddifferently.Toaqualifiedphysician,oneshouldhaveagreatdealofprofessionalknowledgeonmedicalscienceandabundantinpracticalexperiences.Asweknow,inordertobeacertifieddoctor,amedicalstudentalwayshastostudyinmedicalinstituteforseveralyearsandthenworkasaninternshipforalongperiodbeforehecanpracticeindependently.Abusdrivermusthaveexcellentdrivingskillandgreatknowledgeoftransportation.Afashiondesignerissupposedtobegoodatdrawingandhavegoodsenseofbeauty.Differentkindsofworkrequiredifferentskillsandknowledge.

Butpeople,regardlessoftheirjob,shouldcomplywiththebasicrequirementofsocialmoralityandculturalcultivation.Socailmoralityisacodeofconductaboutwhatweshoulddoornotinordertosafeguardthesocialinterestsandstabilityofoursociety.Asnormalpeople,nomatterwhatkindsofjobwedo,weallneedtoobeythebasicsocialrules,suchasfulfillingourfilialduties,takingcareofchildren,beingkindtoothers,etc.

Inaword,thedevelopmentofsocietynotonlyneedputemphasisontheimprovementofpeople’sskillsandknowledgebutalsooughttoprovidesoundenvironmentforlaborers’moralandculturaldevelopment.Onlyinthisway,canoursocietybeprogressiveandharmonious.

7.翻譯題

1.Eversinceitscreationover40yearsago，theInternethasremainedapredominantlyunre-strictedplace.Itisaplacewhereanyonecanpresentthemselvesinanyformtheychoose，butwhathappenswhenyourdigitalidentitybeginstomergewithyourreal-worldidentity?Arethosewhochoosetohidetheirrealnamesindangeroflosinganonymityonline?

2.Suchisthepowerofanonymityonthewebthatithasmadeitpossibleforpeople—someof

whommightnormallyberestrictedfromcommunicatingwiththeoutsideworld—tospeakoutwithoutfearingtherepercussionsoftheiractions.Actionscouldputthemindangerifcarriedoutusingtheirrealnames.Concealingone’strueidentityonlinehasmadeitpossibleforfreespeechtobreakthroughthephysicalbarriersenforcedbygovernmentsanddictatorshipsacrosstheworld.

3.Beinganonymousonthewebalsomakesitpossibleforpeopletodiscusssensitivesubjects，suchasmedicalconditions,physicalabuseandsexualorientation，withouttheseactionsaffectingtheireverydaylivesinanegativeorpotentiallyharmfulway.

Therearemanypositivewaystouseanonymityontheweb,buttherecansometimesbeveryde-structivesideeffectstoo，suchasbullying,racism,impersonationofanindividualorindividualswhobelievetheyareunidentifiable.84.Whenthiskindofdamagingactivityiscarriedoutonline，howcantheoffendereverbeheldaccountablefortheiractionswhentheyarealmostentirelyuntraceableinavirtualworld?

85.Alotofthetimetheysimplycannotbeidentifiedandthereforecannotbeheldaccountable，theoffendingindividualhidesbehindapseudonym，maskinghisorhertrueidentityandprotectingthemselvesfromtherepercussionsoftheiractions.Thisallsoundsverycomplicatedtoachieve，butinrealityit’sassimpleassettingupanemailaddress，creatinganonlineprofileunderafalsenameandcarryingoutmaliciousactsfromarandom,nondescriptlocation.

【答案】1.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)從創(chuàng)立以來已有40多年的歷史，但它現(xiàn)在仍然是一個(gè)相當(dāng)不受約束的地方。

在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上，任何人都可以按他們意愿選擇任何方式來展示自己。但是當(dāng)你的電子身份和現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的身份開始合二為一時(shí)，會(huì)發(fā)生什么事情呢？

2.網(wǎng)絡(luò)匿名的好處是：它可以使那些可能通常被限制與外界溝通的人暢所欲言，并且不用擔(dān)心他們的這些行為造成的影響。

3.在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上匿名還可以讓人們討論一些敏感話題，比如醫(yī)療條件、身體虐待、性取向等話題。這些行為并不會(huì)對(duì)他們的日常生活產(chǎn)生消極的或潛在的不利影響。

4.當(dāng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)上出現(xiàn)這種破壞性行為時(shí)，違法者在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中幾乎完全無跡可尋，在這種情況下，他們?cè)撊绾螌?duì)自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)呢？

5.大多數(shù)時(shí)候，他們因?yàn)樯矸轃o法確定而不能被問責(zé)。這些違法的個(gè)體隱藏在假名后面，以遮掩他或她的真實(shí)身份，同時(shí)保護(hù)他們不受自身行為的影響。

8.單選題

Thebookmightwellhave（）haditbeenlessexpensive.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.workedout

B.gonethrough

C.fittedin

D.caughton

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞短語含義辨析。workout“解決,算出,實(shí)現(xiàn)”;gothrough“檢查,通過”;fitin“適應(yīng),適合”;catchon“理解,變得流行”。句意:如果這本書不那么貴的話,可能會(huì)很流行。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.單選題

（）hewasintheUnitedStatesasstudentstudyingcomputerscience,butinrealityhewasspyingonSiliconValleyfirmsforGunDapSystems,hisemployer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Disingenuously

B.Discretely

C.Officiously

D.Ostensibly

【答案】D

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。disingenuously“不誠實(shí)地”；discretely“離散地”；officiously“過分殷勤地，非官方地”；ostensibly“表面上，外表”。句意：表面上他在美國學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)，但實(shí)際上，他是在為他的雇主GunDapSystems監(jiān)視硅谷的公司。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.單選題

TherearemanycopperminesinthestateofArizona,______contributessignificantlytothestate’seconomy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.afact

B.whichfact

C.whosefact

D.that

【答案】C

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。句意：亞利桑那州有許多銅礦，這一事實(shí)對(duì)該州的經(jīng)濟(jì)做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。非限制性定語從句在句子中是一個(gè)獨(dú)立成分，不受主句的限制，也就是說從句去掉以后主句仍然成立；非限制性定語從句與先行詞和主句之間的關(guān)系不甚緊密，通常用逗號(hào)與主句分隔開；非限制性定語從句先行詞不用that，先行詞是關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞不能省略。A選項(xiàng)afact在這里不構(gòu)成從句，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)whichfact不需要用名詞fact，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)that不用在非限制性定語從句中，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)whosefact符合句子意思和語法。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.寫作題

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonWillaThriftyLifestyleDoHarmtoNationalEconomy?.Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow:

1.Somepeopleholdtheviewthatdiligenceandfrugalityaretwovirtueslongcherishedbyournation;

2.Otherpeoplebelievethatmoresavingandlessspendingwilldoharmtooureconomy;

3.Youropinions.

【答案】WillaThriftyLifestyleDoHarmtoNationalEconomy?

Recently,therehasbeenaheateddiscussioninamainstreammagazineastowhetherathriftylifestylewilldoharmtonationaleconomy.Asthisisathought-provokingaswellasadebatableissue,itisveryhardforpeopletoreachaconsensusonit.

AccordingtoarecentquestionnaireconductedbyaneconomicorganizationinChina,48percentofrespondentsareoftheopinionthatathriftylifestyledoesharmtonationaleconomy.Intheireyes,athriftylifestylecannotstimulatethedevelopmentofnationaleconomy.Forexample,duringthelongvacationsinMayandinOctober,ifallofusstayedathomewatchingTV,playingcardsorsurfingtheInternetinsteadoftravelingalloverthecountry,ourcountry’saimofexpandingdomesticdemandwouldbeunabletobeattained.Ifso,ourspirituallifewouldbeboring.Ifso,ournationaleconomycouldnotdevelopatafastpace.

Onthecontrary,52percentofrespondentsarguethatathriftylifestylewillnotdoharmtonationaleconomy.Forexample,ifwerecyclewastethingssuchaswastepaper,wasterubber,wasteplastic,wastewateretc.,wecannotonlysavealotofenergybutalsoprotectourmilieu,whichisundoubtedlyconducivetothesustainabledevelopmentofournationaleconomy.

Inmyopinion,thriftshouldalwaysberegardedasatraditionalvirtueofournation.Intheshortrun,athriftylifestyleseemstobeabarriertothedevelopmentofournationaleconomy.Inthelongrun,beingthriftyistotheadvantageofnationaleconomy.

12.單選題

Therewasonlyasmall（）inthecity'spopulationoverthelasttenyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intimacy

B.immortality

C.increment

D.incidence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)intimacy表示“性關(guān)系，親密；親昵行為”；B選項(xiàng)immortality表示“不朽，不滅”；C選項(xiàng)increment表示“增量，增加，盈余”；D選項(xiàng)incidence表示“發(fā)生率，影響，后果”。由句意“在過去十年里，這個(gè)城市的人口只有少量”可知，只有C項(xiàng)最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

13.單選題

Noformofgovernmentintheworldis（）;eachsystemreflectsthehistoryandpresentneedsoftheregionorthenation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dominant

B.influential

C.integral

D.drastic

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。dominant“顯性的，占優(yōu)勢(shì)的，統(tǒng)治的”；influential“有影響力的”；integral“積分的，完整的”；drastic“激烈的，猛烈的”。句意：世界上沒有任何一種政體是占統(tǒng)治地位的，每一種制度都反映了該地區(qū)或民族的歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)需要。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.單選題

Thebraindrainofexpertsawayfromdevelopingcountrieswillgreatlyinfluencethesecountriesdevelopmentof（）industry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complicated

B.sophisticated

C.primitive

D.collective

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。complicated"復(fù)雜的,難懂的";sophisticated"精密的,尖端的";primitive"原始的,早期的";collective"集體的,共同的"。句意：發(fā)展中國家髙技術(shù)人才的外流,將會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響這些國家尖端工業(yè)的發(fā)展。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

15.單選題

Iwouldprefertospendtheweekendathome______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ratherthandriveout

B.thantodriveout

C.ratherthandroveout

D.todrivingout

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。prefertodoratherthando“寧可做……而不做”，A選項(xiàng)ratherthandriveout符合題意。其余選項(xiàng)用法錯(cuò)誤。句意：我寧愿在家度周末也不愿開車出去。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Eventhoughyoumaybeexcitedaboutrelocating,youmaystillmournthelossofafamiliarhome,wayoflife,familyandfriendsleftbehind.“Underestimatingtheemotionalimpactofmovingisthebiggestmistakepeoplemake,”saysPatriciaNida,Psychologistandrelocationconsultant.“Peoplethinkthereissomethingwrongwiththemiftheycan’tcopewiththeemotionalupheavalofmoving.Theydon’trealizeit’snormal.”WhenSheilamovedfromOregontoCalifornia,ittookhernearlyayeartofeelrootedinhernewcommunity.Thentwoyearslater,thefamilymovedbacktoOregon.Whenwecameback,Icouldn’tgetusedtothem.Eachtimewemoved,IfeltlikeIlostapartofmyself.”

“Althougheveryonewhomovesfeelsthislossofidentitytosomeextent,it’susuallymostdisastrousforanon-workingwife”,saysDr.Seidenberg,clinicalprofessorofpsychiatry.“Heridentity,”sayshe,“stemsfromheractivitiesandthetiestothecommunity.Relocatingwipesitallout.Everytimeshemoves,shehastore-establishhercredentials.”“Youcopebyreachingoutandfindingactivitiesandpeoplethatinterestyou,”addsEileenKirsh,aveteranoffourspouse-job-relatedmoves.“Ifyouarelucky,youmeetsomeonecompatible.”

Don’tavoidsayinggoodbye.Itmayseemeasieratthetime,butinthelongrun,itcancreateagreatersenseofloss.Resistthetemptationtosevertieswithyouroldneighborhood.Maintainrelationships.Allowyourselftogothroughtheemotionsassociatedwithmoving,withoutcriticism.Whenyouacquireyournewlivingquarters,introduceyourselftoyournewneighbors.Writeaheadtoyournewhouseofworshipandcommunityorganizationsforinformationonactivitiesandservices.Whenyoufinallymovein,youwillfeelmoreapartofthenewcommunity.Establishfamilytraditionsthatmovewithyou.Doingthingstogetherasafamilymakesyoufeelathome,nomatterwhereyoulive.

Movingisadifficultexperience,butitalsohasmanyadvantages.Psychologistssayitstimulatesgrowth,makesusadaptable,broadensourscopeandgivesustheopportunitytomakenewfriendsandenjoynewexperiences.Asanationandasindividuals,wearestrengthenedbyourpioneerspirit.Andifwecansaveonwearandtear-allthebetter.

13.Whenpeoplemove,they____.

14.Theword“upheaval”inPara.1isclosestinmeaningto____.

15.Researchershavefoundthatmanypeople____.

16.Housewivesaretheworstsufferersfromrelocatingbecausethey____.

17.Theauthoradvisesthereadertotakethingseasyby____.

18.Inconclusion,theauthorproposesthatpeopleshould____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makethebiggestmistake

B.minimizetheirlosses

C.havemixedfeelings

D.areintrouble

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.uplift

B.violence

C.approval

D.turbulence

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.arebeingashamedofbeingsentimentalaboutlife

B.缺失

C.spendyearsdecidingwheretosettledown

D.oftenfailtoseetheadvantagesofmoving

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.havetofindtheiridentityagain

B.don’tknowhowtomakenewfriends

C.feelitdifficulttogetusedtodifferentclimate

D.havetomovewhentheirhusbandsgetnewjobs

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.keepingthefamilytradition

B.cuttingtieswiththeoldlivingquarters

C.movingaheadoftimetothenewresidence

D.resistingthetemptationtoshowemotion

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.movemorefrequentlyiftheycan

B.learntobepositiveaboutmoving

C.beeconomicalwhentheymove

D.carryonthepioneerspiritandmovetotheWest

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

第6題:B

【解析】13.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whenpeoplemove,they____.當(dāng)人們搬家時(shí)，他們____。

A.makethebiggestmistakeA.犯最大的錯(cuò)誤

B.minimizetheirlossesB.減少/小看他們的損失

C.havemixedfeelingsC.心情復(fù)雜

D.areintroubleD.有麻煩

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞peoplemove定位到原文第1段，本段第1句說“即使你可能對(duì)搬遷感到興奮（beexcited），你可能仍然會(huì)為失去一個(gè)熟悉的家、生活方式、家人和朋友而悲傷（mournthelossof）。”因此，C選項(xiàng)“心情復(fù)雜”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“犯最大的錯(cuò)誤”，定位到第1段第2句，PatriciaNida說“低估搬家的情感影響是人們犯的最大錯(cuò)誤”，此處有上下文限制，這句話表達(dá)的是，“低估搬家的情感影響”是人們?cè)诒话峒視r(shí)犯的最大的錯(cuò)誤；而該選項(xiàng)“犯最大的錯(cuò)誤”沒有語境限制，表達(dá)的是“搬家時(shí)人們犯的最大的錯(cuò)誤”，因此，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于偷換概念；

B選項(xiàng)“減少/小看他們的損失”，原文說的是“低估搬家的情感影響”，選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于過度推理；

D選項(xiàng)“有麻煩”，原文雖然說搬家很困難，但最后一段第1句也說“搬家是一種艱難的經(jīng)歷，但它也有很多好處（manyadvantages）?！痹撨x項(xiàng)表述不準(zhǔn)確，屬于推理過度。

14.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theword“upheaval”inPara.1isclosestinmeaningto____.第1段中的“upheaval”一詞的意思最接近于____。

A.upliftA.提高，增長；抬起；振奮

B.violenceB.暴力；激烈

C.approvalC.批準(zhǔn)；贊成

D.turbulenceD.騷亂，動(dòng)蕩

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推測(cè)題。

【解題思路】

1）句中前后信息銜接：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Para.1和upheaval定位到原文第1段第3句，該句說到“如果人們不能應(yīng)對(duì)搬家?guī)淼那榫w____（theemotionalupheavalofmoving），他們就會(huì)認(rèn)為自己有問題（somethingwrongwiththem）。”由此可知，upheaval是個(gè)名詞，是搬家所引起的一種情緒上的變化，并且根據(jù)人們認(rèn)為處理不好就是自己有問題這一點(diǎn)可推斷，這種情緒變化是負(fù)面的。因此，D選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)蕩”，emotionalturbulence“情緒波動(dòng)”符合題意。

2）上下文語義銜接：本段最后3句通過舉例對(duì)此進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步說明。Sheila從Oregon（俄勒岡州）搬到California（加利福尼亞），花了很長時(shí)間適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境；又搬回俄勒岡州時(shí)，也無法適應(yīng)。她說“每次搬家，我都覺得自己好像失去了一部分（lostapartofmyself）?！庇纱丝芍@是搬家?guī)淼那榫w變化，也可推測(cè)出D選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)蕩”，emotionalturbulence“情緒波動(dòng)”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“（情緒）振奮”，不符合負(fù)面的情感基調(diào)；

B選項(xiàng)“暴力；激烈”，原文沒有依據(jù)；

C選項(xiàng)“批準(zhǔn)；贊成”，不符合負(fù)面的情感基調(diào)。

15.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Researchershavefoundthatmanypeople____.研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多人____。

A.arebeingashamedofbeingsentimentalaboutlifeA.恥于對(duì)生活多愁善感

B.缺失B.缺失

C.spendyearsdecidingwheretosettledownC.花數(shù)年時(shí)間決定在哪里定居

D.oftenfailtoseetheadvantagesofmovingD.往往看不到搬家的好處

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Researchers和manypeople來解題，原文有2處地方提到了研究人員的發(fā)現(xiàn)。第1處，第1段第2-3句心理學(xué)家PatriciaNida的發(fā)現(xiàn)“如果人們不能應(yīng)對(duì)（can’tcopewith）搬家?guī)淼那榫w波動(dòng)，他們就會(huì)認(rèn)為自己有問題（somethingwrongwiththem）?！庇纱丝芍藗冋J(rèn)為搬家?guī)淼那榫w波動(dòng)是不正常的，不應(yīng)該有的，A選項(xiàng)“恥于對(duì)生活多愁善感”表述符合原文。第2處，第2段精神病學(xué)臨床教授Seidenberg醫(yī)生的發(fā)現(xiàn)“盡管每個(gè)搬家的人都會(huì)多多少少感受到這種身份的喪失（thislossofidentity），但對(duì)于不工作的妻子來說，這通常是最糟糕的”，該發(fā)現(xiàn)與本題選項(xiàng)無關(guān)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)缺失；

C選項(xiàng)“花數(shù)年時(shí)間決定在哪里定居”，原文并未提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“往往看不到搬家的好處”，原文雖然說了搬家有很多好處，但并沒有說人們沒有看到搬家的好處，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

16.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Housewivesaretheworstsufferersfromrelocatingbecausethey____.家庭主婦受搬家的影響最大，因?yàn)樗齻僟___。

A.havetofindtheiridentityagainA.要重新找到自己的身份

B.don’tknowhowtomakenewfriendsB.不知道如何結(jié)交新朋友

C.feelitdifficulttogetusedtodifferentclimateC.覺得適應(yīng)不同的氣候很困難

D.havetomovewhentheirhusbandsgetnewjobsD.丈夫找了新工作就不得不搬家

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Housewives和theworstsufferersfromrelocating可定位到原文第2段。本段提到“精神病學(xué)臨床教授Seidenberg醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管每個(gè)搬家的人都會(huì)多多少少感受到這種身份的喪失（thislossofidentity），但對(duì)于沒有工作的妻子（anon-workingwife）來說，這通常是最糟糕的（mostdisastrous）。她的身份（Heridentity）來自于她的活動(dòng)和與社區(qū)的聯(lián)系，搬家將這一切都抹去了。每次搬家，她都得重新建立自己的資歷（re-establishhercredentials）?！庇纱丝芍彝ブ鲖D受搬家的影響最大，因?yàn)锳選項(xiàng)“要重新找到自己的身份”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“不知道如何結(jié)交新朋友”，原文并未提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“覺得適應(yīng)不同的氣候很困難”，原文并未提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“丈夫找了新工作就不得不搬家”，原文是在介紹EileenKirsh的身份時(shí)提到了她四次因配偶和工作而搬家（fourspouse-job-relatedmoves），而不是解釋為什么家庭主婦受搬家的影響最大，該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念。

17.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthoradvisesthereadertotakethingseasyby____.作者建議讀者通過____放輕松。

A.keepingthefamilytraditionA.保持家庭傳統(tǒng)

B.cuttingtieswiththeoldlivingquartersB.切斷了與舊住宅區(qū)鄰居的聯(lián)系

C.movingaheadoftimetothenewresidenceC.提前搬到新居

D.resistingthetemptationtoshowemotionD.抵制表露情感的誘惑

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞advisesthereadertotakethingseasy定位到原文第3段。本段最后兩句說到“建立（Establishfamilytraditions）跟隨你一起移動(dòng)的家庭傳統(tǒng)。一家人一起做事讓你有家的感覺（makesyoufeelathome），無論你住在哪里?！庇纱丝芍?，一家人一起做事讓人有家的感覺，所以A選項(xiàng)“保持家庭傳統(tǒng)”可以減輕搬家?guī)淼那榫w波動(dòng)，讓人放松，符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“切斷了與舊住宅區(qū)鄰居的聯(lián)系”，可定位到第3段第3句，該句說到“抵制與老鄰居斷絕關(guān)系的誘惑”，由此可知，作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該與老鄰居保持聯(lián)系，與選項(xiàng)表述相反，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“提前搬到新居”，原文并未提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“抵制表露情感的誘惑”，原文所說的要抵制的誘惑是“切斷與老鄰居的聯(lián)系”，而不是“表露情感”，并且本段第1句說到“不要避免說再見”，即要表露情感，該選項(xiàng)屬于

反向干擾。

18.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inconclusion,theauthorproposesthatpeopleshould____.總結(jié)時(shí)作者建議人們應(yīng)該____。

A.movemorefrequentlyiftheycanA.盡可能地頻繁搬家

B.learntobepositiveaboutmovingB.學(xué)會(huì)積極地看待搬家

C.bee