考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南華大學(xué)船山學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南華大學(xué)船山學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

ProfessorKlineconcludesthatcompetitionwithresearchintheuniversitiesissodetrimentaltoteachingthatherecommendsthatthetwofunctionsbephysicallyandfinanciallyseparatedbysettingupresearchinstitutes.Isuggestedthatthedevelopmentofasoundprogramofeducationalresearchwouldbemuchmorebeneficialtoteaching.Suchaprogramwouldnotonlyimproveteachingtheoryandtechnique,itwouldmakeclearwhatcompetenciesarerequiredofagoodteacherandhelpprofessorsattainthem.Educationalresearchshouldberequiredtomeetthesamestandardsasscientificresearch,butitcannotberaisedtothosestandardswithoutcomparablesupportandcommitment.Competenteducationalresearchisnomoreapart-timeactivitythancompetentscientificresearch.Therelativelytrivialeducationalresearchsocommonintheuniversitiesisaninevitableconsequenceoftrivialcommitmentbytheuniversities.Ratherthanbelittlesuchresearch,theprofessorshaveanobligationtoseethatitisupgraded.Letnoonethinkthateducationalresearchiseasy:itisconcernedwithnolessthanunravelingthecomplexitiesofthehumanmind.Thereisnoreasontobelievethataneffectivetheoryandtechnologyofinstructionisanyeasiertoachievethancontrollednuclearfusion.Itiscertainlyeverybitasworthy.

1.ProfessorKlinebelievesthatcompetitionwithresearchintheuniversities（）.

2.Theauthorwantstoimprove（）.

3.Theauthorbelievesthatscientificresearch（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthoreducationalresearch（）.

5.Educationalresearchinmostuniversitiestoday（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.leadstotheestablishmentofseparateresearchinstitutes

B.isharmfultoteaching

C.functionswellintheuniversities

D.isfinanciallyunsound

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.researchinstitutes

B.developmentprograms

C.educationalresearch

D.part-timeactivity

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.isnotnecessarilyeasierthaneducationalresearch

B.hasstandardsthateducationalresearchcannotattain

C.witheducationalresearch

D.mustberelegatedtoapart-timeactivity

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.isrelativelyeasy

B.isquitecomplex

C.isoftentrivial

D.shouldhavelowerstandards

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.receivesadequatesupport

B.isnolongerapart-tomeactivity

C.iseasytoachieve

D.needsmorecommitment

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由原文第一段ProfessorKlineconcludesthatcompetitionwithresearchintheuniversitiesissodetrimentaltoteachingthatthetwofunctionsbephysicallyandfinanciallyseparatedbysettingupresearchinstitutes.，可知，ProfessorKline認(rèn)為研究成果的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)會(huì)對(duì)教育產(chǎn)生負(fù)面的影響，從而降低教學(xué)質(zhì)量，即對(duì)教學(xué)有不利影響。因此，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由原文…thedevelopmentofasoundprogramofeducationalresearchwouldbemuchmorebeneficialtoteaching.以及Educationalresearchshouldberequiredtomeetthesamestandardsasscientificresearch…可知，作者認(rèn)為必須提高educationalresearch的地位，要把educationalresearch和scientificresearch放在同等重要的位置共謀發(fā)展。A選項(xiàng)researchinstitutes一直就是學(xué)校比較重視的方面；B選項(xiàng)并未在文中單獨(dú)說(shuō)明；D選項(xiàng)也不是側(cè)重點(diǎn)。因此，C項(xiàng)符合原文，為正確答案。

3.觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由原文Educationalresearchshouldberequiredtomeetthesamestandardsasscientificresearch,butitcannotberaisedtothosestandardswithoutcomparablesupportandcommitment.可知，作者認(rèn)為教育研究應(yīng)該與科學(xué)研究有一樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但是如果沒(méi)有同等的投入和支持，無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。因此，B項(xiàng)認(rèn)為“科學(xué)研究的有些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，教育研究無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)”是正確答案。故本題選擇B項(xiàng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文Letnoonethinkthateducationalresearchiseasy:itisconcernedwithnolessthanunravelingthecomplexitiesofthehumanmind.可知，作者認(rèn)為教育研究并不簡(jiǎn)單，難度不亞于解開(kāi)人類(lèi)思維的復(fù)雜性。故本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通過(guò)原文Therelativelytrivialeducationalresearchsocommonintheuniversitiesisaninevitableconsequenceoftrivialcommitmentbytheuniversities.Ratherthanbelittlesuchresearch,theprofessorshaveanobligationtoseethatitisupgraded.可知，如今在大學(xué)中，教育研究需要更多的承諾，教授們有責(zé)任促進(jìn)教學(xué)科研水平的提高，而不是減少這類(lèi)研究。因此，D項(xiàng)是正確答案。

2.單選題

Whenwefinally______togethomeafterthetiringlongjourney,wecouldhardlymoveastepfurther.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tried

B.succeeded

C.managed

D.endeavored

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)try“嘗試”，tryto表示“試著，設(shè)法”；B項(xiàng)succeed“成功，繼任”，succeedto表示“繼承，繼任，接著發(fā)生”；C項(xiàng)manage“管理，控制”，manageto表示“設(shè)法做”；D項(xiàng)endeavor“努力，盡力”，endeavorto表示“努力做，致力做”。根據(jù)空格前后的句意“當(dāng)我們?cè)谄v的長(zhǎng)途旅行后回家”猜測(cè)，空格部分表示“設(shè)法回到家”，B、D選項(xiàng)可排除；A選項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)機(jī)或動(dòng)作，但結(jié)果并不明確；C選項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)成功這種結(jié)果；所以C項(xiàng)更符合句意。句意：經(jīng)過(guò)漫長(zhǎng)勞累的旅行，我們終于到家了，幾乎一步也挪不動(dòng)了。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

3.寫(xiě)作題

Readthefollowingarticleandthenwriteanessayinnolessthan250wordscommentingontheissuediscussedinthearticle.

1.Youshouldgiveanappropriatetitletoyouressay.

2.Youmusthaveaclearlystatedopinionontheissuediscussed

3.Youmustsupplyexamplesinsupportofyouropinion.

4.Youmustinteractwiththeopinionsinthegivearticle.

Nowreadarticlebelowandwriteyouressayontheanswersheet.

EnoughofTigerMomsandWolfDads

ByBerlinFang（ChinaDaily）

ThomasFriedmanwroteinhiscolumn,“Howaboutbetterparents?”（TheNewYorkTimes.Now19）,thatparentinvolvementiskeytostudentsuccess.

FedupwiththestatusquoofAmericaneducation,anddesperateforanalternativemodel,somereaderspepperedtheword“Asian”throughoutthecommentssectionforFriedman'sarticle.Onereaderwrote:“thequestionamongthecoacheswastheusual,whyweresomanyofourtopstudentsareAsian.IaskedwhenwasthelasttimetheyhadanAsianparentcomplainabouttoomuchhomework.”

Thisstatement,however,provesnothingexceptthetheoryofrelativityinhumanopinions.AsianparentsintheUnitedStatesrarelycomplainaboutchildren’shomeworkbecauseitisapicniccomparedtowhatgothroughinouryoungerdaysinourhomecountry.ButinAsiancountries,likeanyother,complaintsabound.

InChina,Iconstantlyhearparentscomplainthattheirchildrencannotgotobedtill11pmbecausetheyhavetoomanyassignments.

ActiveinvolvementofChineseparentsisatbestamyth,andthemythisrunningwildinthemedia.Afterdiscussionsonthe“TigerMom”（YaleProfessorAmyChua.authorofBattleHymnsoftheTigerMom）,theChinesemediarecentlybroughttolightacertain“wolfdad”，HongKong-basedbusinessmanXiaoBaiyou.whousedchickenfeatherdusterstospankthreeofhischildrenintoPekingUniversity,oneofChina’stopinstitutionsofhigherlearning.

Firsttigersandnowwolves,Isupposewe'llgettheentireanimalkingdomcoveredprettysoon.SuchreportsofSpartanparentinginstillfearamongWesternparentsandcomplacencyamongtheirChinesecounterparts,noneofwhichishealthyorjustifiable.

Generallyspeaking,ChineseparentslagfarbehindtheirAmericanpeersinparticipatingintheeducationoftheirchildren.IntheChinesecountryside,manyparentsleavehometoearnalivingasmigrantworkers.Theirchildrenthuslivewithgrandparents,whooftenhavelittleornoeducation.Pre-schooliseitherunavailableorexpensive.Manysuchchildrenoftencalled“l(fā)eft-behindchildren”，growupwithouteitherproperparentingorschooleducation.

Thoughchildreninmiddleclassfamilieslivewithparents,realinvolvementisfarfromdesirable.ManyChinesefamiliesintownsandcitiesaredual-incomefamilies,somebynecessity,othersbychoice.SomeAmericanmomsquittheirjobsafterchildbirthtotakecareoftheirchildren.Chinesemomsoftenquittheirchildrentotakecareoftheirjobs.Whileparentsarebusywiththeirjobsorcareers,manychildrenarebroughtuptoalargeextentbygrandparents,or“outsourced”toprivatetutorsorevennannies.

Ineithersituation,apredominantlymaterialisticworldviewdrivesparentstospendtheirtimeandenergymakingmoneyto“guarantee”theirchildren’sfuture.Mostspendmoneygenerouslyonchildren’seducation,buyingthemgoodthingsandsendingthemtoprivateclasses.Moneycanbuysomerelieffromtheguiltofstayingonthemarginsoftheirchildren’sdevelopment,butchildrendonotgetwhattheyreallyneedfromparents:theirtime,forinstance.

FriedmanquotesareportbytheProgramforInternationalStudentAssessment（PISA.thatparent-childreadingtimecorrelatestostudentachievementinPISAtests.WhenwasthelasttimeyousawaChineseparentreturningwithbagsofentertainmentreadingfromlibrariesorbookstoresasAmericanparentsdo?HowoftendocsaChineseparentactuallyreadabooktogetherwithhis/herchild?

Manyparentsevenforbidtheirchildrenfromreadingbookssuchasnovels,fairytalesorpoemsforfearthatsuchreadingwilldistractstudentsfrompreparingforexams.

Thewrongfocusonexamsfreesparentsfromparticipatingintheirchildren’seducation.Apartfromnotreading,parentsdon'tworkwithchildrenonschoolprojects,becausemuchofhomeworkisexam-relatedwhichchildrenaresupposedtoworkonindividually.

Parent’sroleisthusreducedtothatofanalarmclock-topromptchildrentodothisorthatatcertainhoursoftheday.Nowonder,nanniescandosubstituteparenting.Fortunately,evenanalarmclockhasitsvirtues.Chineseparentsdoafairlygoodjobofensuringtheirchildrenspendadequatetimestudying.Suchincreasedtimeoneducationaltaskspartiallyexplainswhytheyexcelininternationalbenchmarkingtests.

Thatbeingsaid,involvementcanbedeeperandricherinachild'spathofgrowth.Chineseparentsshouldspendmoretimewiththeirchildren,ratherthankeepingtomeforthemlikeaclock.Parentsshouldworkwithchildrenasadevelopingperson,notjustatest-taker.Parentsoughttomeetthekinetic,artistic,mental,social,psychologicalandspiritualneedsoftheirchildren.

Rememberthatchildrenarehumanbeingsinstagesofdevelopment.Sowhynotforgetabouttigermomsandwolfdads,andfocusonbeinghumanparentsinstead?

【答案】略

4.翻譯題

Whydidhumansevolvetowalkupright?Perhapsbecauseit’sjustplaineasier.Makethat’’energeticallylesscostly,"inscience-speakBipedalism-walkingontwofeet-isoneofthedefiningcharacteristicsofbeinghuman,andscientistshavedebatedforyearshowitcameabout.Inthelatestattempttofindanexplanation,researcherstrainedfivechimpanzeestowalkonatreadmillwhilewearingmasksthatallowedmeasurementoftheiroxygenconsumption.

Thechimpsweremeasuredbothwhilewalkinguprightandwhilemovingontheirlegsandknuckles.Thatmeasurementoftheenergyneededtomovearoundwascomparedwithsimilartestsonhumansandtheresultsarepublishedinthisweek’sonlineeditionofProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.

Itturnsoutthathumanswalkingontwolegsusesonlyone-quarteroftheenergythatchimpanzeesusewhileknuckle-walkingonfourlimbs.Andthechimps,onaverage,useasmuchenergyusingtwolegsastheydidwhentheyusedallfourlimbs.

However,therewasvariabilityamongchimpanzeesinhowmuchenergytheyused,andthisdifferencecorrespondedtotheirdifferencegaitsandanatomy.Wethinkabouttheevolutionofbipedalismasoneoffirsteventsthatledhominids（原始人）downthepathtobeinghuman.

【答案】人類(lèi)為何進(jìn)化到了直立行走的姿態(tài)？可能這是因?yàn)橹绷⑿凶咭菀椎枚?。用科學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)，直立行走能“節(jié)省能量”。用兩條腿走路是人類(lèi)的基本特征之一，多年來(lái)，科學(xué)家們?cè)谶@一特征的形成問(wèn)題上一直爭(zhēng)論不休。在這項(xiàng)最新研究中，研究人員讓五只大猩猩戴著可測(cè)算氧氣消耗量的面罩在跑步機(jī)上行走。

研究人員對(duì)大猩猩在直立行走和四肢著地行走時(shí)消耗的氧氣量分別進(jìn)行了測(cè)量，并將結(jié)果與人類(lèi)的進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。這些結(jié)果在本周《國(guó)家科學(xué)院院刊》的網(wǎng)絡(luò)版上公布。

測(cè)算結(jié)果表明，人類(lèi)用兩條腿行走時(shí)消耗的能量?jī)H為大猩猩四肢著地行走時(shí)所消耗能量的四分之一。平均來(lái)看，大猩猩兩條腿行走時(shí)消耗的能量與四肢著地行走時(shí)的差不多。但行走時(shí)消耗能量的多寡在這些大猩猩中也存在差異。這與它們不同的步法和解剖學(xué)特征有關(guān)。我們認(rèn)為雙腿直立行走的進(jìn)化是原始人向人類(lèi)進(jìn)化的最初階段中的一步。

5.單選題

（）peoplewhofindmeaningintheirworkaregenerally—productive,supportivecoworkersandpromoteworkplaceharmony.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Self-important

B.Self-declared

C.Self-conscious

D.Self-motivated

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。self-important“妄自尊大的，高傲的”；self-declared“自命的，自稱(chēng)的”；self-conscious“自覺(jué)的，自發(fā)的”；self-motivated“自我激勵(lì)的，有上進(jìn)心的”。句意：有上進(jìn)心的人往往能在工作中找到意義，他們通常富有創(chuàng)造力，樂(lè)于幫助同事，營(yíng)造和諧的工作氛圍。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.單選題

Isitadvisableto______ourbodytothesunlight?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reveal

B.display

C.expose

D.show

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)reveal“揭露，泄露”，B項(xiàng)display“顯示，陳列”，C項(xiàng)expose“暴露”，D項(xiàng)show“展示”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞body“身體”和sunlight“陽(yáng)光”可知，空格部分表示“暴露”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：把我們的身體暴露在陽(yáng)光下可取嗎？因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Cannedfoodsare______withhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.usual

B.welcome

C.desirable

D.popular

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)usual“尋常的，通常的”，B項(xiàng)welcome“歡迎的”，C項(xiàng)desirable“令人滿(mǎn)意的”，D項(xiàng)popular“流行的，通俗的”。根據(jù)句子可知，bepopularwith固定搭配，表示“為……所喜歡，受……歡迎”，故D項(xiàng)符合。句意：罐頭食品很受家庭主婦的歡迎，因?yàn)樗枰苌俚臅r(shí)間來(lái)烹飪。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Badtravelingconditionshadseriously（）theirprogresstotheirdestinationinthat

region.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tugged

B.demolished

C.hampered

D.destroyed

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:惡劣的旅行條件嚴(yán)重（）了他們到達(dá)該地區(qū)目的地的進(jìn)程。tug用力拖，拖拉；demolish毀壞，破壞；hamper妨礙，牽制；destroy毀滅，消滅。C符合句意。

9.單選題

Theyoungartistcreates（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.marbletranslucentsculptures

B.translucentmarblesculptures

C.marblesculpturestranslucent

D.translucentsculpturesmarble

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞序。當(dāng)名詞前有多個(gè)形容詞做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些形容詞的排序?yàn)椋合薅ㄔ~（冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞、數(shù)詞等）+表示觀(guān)點(diǎn)的描述性形容詞+形狀、大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低+年齡、新舊+顏色+國(guó)籍、地區(qū)+物質(zhì)材料+中心詞。translucent（半透明的）指顏色，marble（大理石）指物質(zhì)材料，sculpture（雕像）是中心詞，因此選B。

句意：這位年輕的藝術(shù)家創(chuàng)造了半透明的大理石雕像。

10.單選題

Becauseoftheirchemicalstructure,syntheticdyesgenerally（

）

moreslowlythannaturalones.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.penetrate

B.evaporate

C.fade

D.secede

【答案】C

【解析】penetrate滲透,看透；evaporate蒸發(fā),揮發(fā)；fade褪色；secede脫離,退出。句意：由于化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)的原因,合成染料通常比天然染料褪色慢。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

11.單選題

M:Well,whatdidyouthinkofMr.Brokaw’sspeech?

W:IguessitwasOK,butIwasofteninthedarkinmorewaysthanone!

Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thespeechwasgivenintheevening.

B.Thewomandidn’tquiteunderstandthespeech.

C.Thewomanwassomewhatinadarkplace.

D.Thewomancouldn’thearthespeechclearly

【答案】B

【解析】對(duì)話(huà)中的“inthedark”的引申含義是女士沒(méi)有聽(tīng)懂演講，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Ifleadership,asitsmostbasicmeaning,（1）gettingthingsdonethroughothers,thenpersuasionisoneoftheleader’s

（2）tools.Manyexecutiveshaveassumedthatthistoolis（3）theirgrasp,availableonly（4）thecharismaticandtheeloquent.Overthepastseveraldecades,

（5）experimentalpsychologistshave（6）whichmethodsreliablyleadpeopleto

（7）,comply,orchange.Theirresearchshowsthatpersuasionisgovernedbyseveralprinciplesthatcanbetaughtandapplied.

Thefirstprincipleisthatpeoplearemorelikelytofollowsomeonewhoissimilar（8）themthansomeonewhoisnot.Wisemanagers,then,

（9）peerstohelpmaketheircases.Second,peoplearemorewillingtocooperatewiththosewhoarenotonlylikethembutwholikethemaswell.Soitis（10）thetimetouncoverrealsimilaritiesandoffer（11）praise.Third,experiments（12）theintuitivetruththatpeopletendtotreatyouthewayyoutreatthem.It'sa

（13）policytodoafavor（14）

seekingone.Fourth,individualsaremorelikelytokeeppromisestheymakevoluntarilyand（15）.Themessageformanagershereistogetcommitmentsinwriting.Fifth,studiesshowthatpeoplereallydo（16）experts.Sobeforetheyattempttoexertinfluence,executivesshouldtakepainstoestablishtheirownexpertiseandnotassumethatit’s（17）.Finally,peoplewantmoreofacommodity

（18）it’sscarce;it

（19）,then,that（20）informationismorepersuasivethanwidelyavailabledata.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consistsin

B.consistsof

C.constitutesof

D.composesof

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.fundamental

B.rudimentary

C.elementary

D.essential

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.beyond

B.within

C.in

D.out

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.for

C.to

D.at

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.though

B.although

C.eventhough

D.but

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.studied

B.learned

C.examined

D.investigated

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.cede

B.concede

C.recede

D.retreat

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.for

C.to

D.at

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.register

B.list

C.enlist

D.enroll

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.worth

B.worthof

C.worthwith

D.worthy

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.authentic

B.genuine

C.real

D.true

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.affirm

B.confirm

C.testify

D.verify

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.best

B.correct

C.sound

D.valid

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.while

C.after

D.before

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.explicitly

B.implicitly

C.exultantly

D.introspectively

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.deny

B.deferto

C.conferto

D.referto

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.self-contained

B.self-possessed

C.self-opinionated

D.self-evident

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.where

B.when

C.whether

D.evenif

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.obeys

B.abides

C.follows

D.happens

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.exclusive

B.inclusive

C.scarce

D.reliable

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:A

第11題:B

第12題:C

第13題:C

第14題:B

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:B

第19題:D

第20題:B

【解析】（1）詞組辨析題。A選項(xiàng)consistin“在于”；選項(xiàng)B和D都表示“由…組成或構(gòu)成”的意思；C選項(xiàng)constitute為及物動(dòng)詞，后面不需要接介詞of。所以只有選項(xiàng)A符合原文。句意：如果領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力，作為其最基本的含義，在于通過(guò)他人完成任務(wù)…。

（2）形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)fundamental“基本的，根本的”；B選項(xiàng)rudimentary“初步的”；C選項(xiàng)elementary“初級(jí)的”；D選項(xiàng)essential“必要的”。根據(jù)原文可知，這里指“必要的工具”，所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

（3）考查固定搭配。beyondone'sgrasp意為“鞭長(zhǎng)莫及”，原文指“超出能力范圍”。句意：許多高管認(rèn)為，這一工具超出了他們的掌握范圍。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

（4）介詞辨析題。beavailablefor指“有效，對(duì)…有用”；beavailableto指“可被...利用或得到的”；選項(xiàng)A和D則無(wú)此搭配。句意：（這一工具）只有有魅力和有口才的人才能使用。原文中的主語(yǔ)是“thistool”，工具是被利用，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

（5）考查邏輯連接詞。根據(jù)原文可知，這里應(yīng)填入表示讓步的邏輯關(guān)系連詞，所以首先排除選項(xiàng)D，but表轉(zhuǎn)折。而選項(xiàng)B和C只能位于句首，所以只有選項(xiàng)A正確，though既可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。

（6）邏輯推理題。根據(jù)原文可知，這里指實(shí)驗(yàn)心理學(xué)家已經(jīng)研究了一些可靠的方法，所以選項(xiàng)A更符合語(yǔ)境。選項(xiàng)C和D都是調(diào)查的意思，不符合語(yǔ)境。

（7）邏輯推理題。根據(jù)下文的“comply,orchange”可知，填空處應(yīng)填入與這兩個(gè)詞意思相近的單詞。A選項(xiàng)cede“放棄，割讓”；B選項(xiàng)concede“讓步，退讓”；C選項(xiàng)recede“后退，撤回”；D選項(xiàng)retreat“撤退”。選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。

（8）介詞辨析題。besimilarto為固定介詞搭配，意為“與…相似”，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

（9）動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)register“登記”；B選項(xiàng)list“列清單”；C選項(xiàng)enlist“使入伍”；D選項(xiàng)enroll“使加入，招收”。根據(jù)原文句意：明智的管理者會(huì)招募同伴來(lái)幫助他們。選項(xiàng)D更符合語(yǔ)境。

（10）考查固定搭配。Itisworththetimetodosth.為固定句型，意為“值得花時(shí)間去做某事”，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

（11）近義詞辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“真實(shí)的，真正的”意思，但是根據(jù)原文的語(yǔ)境，這里指的是“給予真誠(chéng)的贊揚(yáng)”。只有選項(xiàng)B有“真誠(chéng)的，誠(chéng)摯的”意思，所以更恰當(dāng)。

（12）動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)affirm“斷言，確認(rèn)”；B選項(xiàng)confirm“確認(rèn)，批準(zhǔn)”；C選項(xiàng)testify“證明，證實(shí)”；D選項(xiàng)verify“核實(shí)，查證”。原文句意：實(shí)驗(yàn)證明了直覺(jué)的真理，選項(xiàng)C更符合句意。

（13）考查固定搭配。soundpolicy為固定搭配，意為“明智的做法”。選項(xiàng)C正確。

（14）考查邏輯連接詞。跟據(jù)原文句意：在尋求幫助的同時(shí)給予幫助是一個(gè)明智的做法。選項(xiàng)B符合原文語(yǔ)境。

（15）副詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)explicitly“明確地”；B選項(xiàng)implicitly“含蓄地”；C選項(xiàng)exultantly“歡欣鼓舞地”；D選項(xiàng)introspectively“好反省地”。根據(jù)原文可知，填空處應(yīng)填入和voluntarily“自動(dòng)地，自愿地”意思相近的詞，選項(xiàng)A更符合語(yǔ)境。

（16）詞組辨析題。A選項(xiàng)deny“否認(rèn)，拒絕”；B選項(xiàng)deferto“尊重，聽(tīng)從”；C選項(xiàng)conferto“授予，給予”；D選項(xiàng)referto“參考，涉及”。原文指人們很尊重專(zhuān)家。所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

（17）形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)self-contained“獨(dú)立的”；B選項(xiàng)self-possessed“鎮(zhèn)靜的”；C選項(xiàng)self-opinionated“固執(zhí)己見(jiàn)的”；D選項(xiàng)self-evident“不言而喻的”。根據(jù)原文句意：因此，在試圖施加影響之前，高管們應(yīng)該努力建立自己的專(zhuān)長(zhǎng)，而不是想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為這是不言而喻的。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

（18）考查邏輯連接詞。根據(jù)原文：當(dāng)商品稀缺時(shí)，人們想要更多的商品。When在這里引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

（19）考查固定搭配。Ithappensthat意思是“（有時(shí)、往往）會(huì)發(fā)生；恰巧”。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

（20）名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)exclusive“獨(dú)有的，排外的”；B選項(xiàng)inclusive“包含在內(nèi)的”；C選項(xiàng)scarce“缺乏的，不足的”；D選項(xiàng)reliable“可靠的”。句意：有時(shí)包容性的信息比大量存在的數(shù)據(jù)更有說(shuō)服力。選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。

13.單選題

Whenhecameouttothelobbytohelpusfindataxiaswewereabouttoheadforthe

airport,wethankedhimforallthehelpshehadgivenusduringourstayandinvited

himtolookusupinShanghaiifheeverfoundhimselfthere.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aswewereabouttoheadfor

B.helpshehadgivenus

C.lookusupin

D.everfoundhimselfthere.

E.沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】B

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。名詞的數(shù)誤用。Helps改為help。Help表示“幫助”時(shí),是不可數(shù)名詞。

14.單選題

Several（）forglobalwarminghavebeensuggestedbyclimateresearchers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.systems

B.sentences

C.fallacies

D.hypotheses

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。空格處的詞應(yīng)與suggested相近,因此D項(xiàng)hypotheses(假定的)正確。

15.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

騰訊新聞制作的一段視頻刻畫(huà)了中國(guó)人職場(chǎng)焦慮的根源：財(cái)務(wù)煩惱，人際關(guān)系，還有沒(méi)完沒(méi)了的加班。這段視頻包括了中國(guó)職場(chǎng)壓力的事實(shí)和數(shù)據(jù)，但聚焦的卻是個(gè)體的故事：一個(gè)認(rèn)為自己永遠(yuǎn)也買(mǎi)不起房子的26歲青年和一個(gè)夢(mèng)想移民的下級(jí)白領(lǐng)。中國(guó)越來(lái)越把自己的焦慮和夢(mèng)想當(dāng)成個(gè)人的事情，而不是集體的問(wèn)題。

文章認(rèn)為，隨著中國(guó)增長(zhǎng)放緩，民族復(fù)興——用官方的話(huà)來(lái)說(shuō)就是中國(guó)夢(mèng)——與普通中國(guó)人的希望和恐懼發(fā)生沖突，導(dǎo)致進(jìn)一步的認(rèn)知失調(diào)。國(guó)家媒體和政府機(jī)構(gòu)繼續(xù)關(guān)注官方取得的成就和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展等正面消息，大多數(shù)中國(guó)人卻越來(lái)越關(guān)心食品安全、商品質(zhì)量和醫(yī)藥安全等問(wèn)題。

【答案】ApieceofvideoproducedbyTencentNewsportraystherootofworkplaceanxietyinChina,namely,financialworries,interpersonalrelationship,andendlessoverwork.ThisvideocontainsthefactanddataofworkplacestressinChina,butfocusesonindividual’sstory:a26-year-oldyoungmanwhothinkshecannotaffordahouse,andasubordinatewhite-collarwhohasdreams.Chinaisincreasinglytakingitsanxietyanddreamasanindividualmatter,notacollectiveone.

Thispaperbelievesthatasthegrowthslows,nationalrejuvenation,officiallynamedChinesedreamconflictswiththepublic’shopeandfear,whichwillleadtofurthercognitivedissonance.Thestatemediaandgovernmentagencieskeepfocusingonofficial’sachievements,economicdevelopmentandotherpositivenews,whilemostChinesepeoplepaymoreattentiontofoodsafety,goodsqualityandmedicalsafetyandsoon.

16.單選題

—When（）andvisitourexhibitionnextmonth?

—When（），Iwillletyouknow.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willhecome;hewillcome

B.willhecome;hecomes

C.doeshecome;hewillcome

D.doesliecome;hecomes

【答案】B

【解析】句意:——下月，他什么吋候來(lái)看我們的展出？

——他什么吋候來(lái)，我會(huì)告訴你吋間。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。第一句是特殊疑問(wèn)句，而且根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是“nextmonth”：就確定了這句話(huà)應(yīng)該使用一般將來(lái)吋，然而，第二句是由when引導(dǎo)的吋間狀語(yǔ)從句，在吋間狀語(yǔ)從句中只能用一般現(xiàn)在吋表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

17.翻譯題

人和人之間沒(méi)什么大的差別。任何人都是偉大與渺小、善良與邪惡、高尚與低俗的混合體。有的人個(gè)性比較堅(jiān)毅，或者機(jī)會(huì)比較好，所以能在某個(gè)方而更自由地發(fā)揮自己的稟賦，但是人的潛能都是相同的。就拿我來(lái)說(shuō)，我認(rèn)為自己并不比大多數(shù)人更好或更差，但是我知道，假如我記下我生命中每一個(gè)舉動(dòng)和每一個(gè)掠過(guò)腦海的想法的話(huà)，世人將會(huì)把我視作一個(gè)邪惡的怪物。每個(gè)人都會(huì)有這些怪念頭，認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，人們就更能包容自己、包容他人。認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，我們就能以同情的態(tài)度看待同伴，即便他們是最優(yōu)秀最值得尊敬的人：認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，我們也就不會(huì)把自己太當(dāng)一回事了。

【答案】Thereislittledifferencebetweenpeople.Everymanisahotchpotchofgreatnessandlittleness,ofvirtueandvice,ofnobilityandbaseness.Somepeoplehavemorestrengthofcharacter,orbetteropportunities,sotheycanusetheirgiftsmorefreelyinonedirectionoranother,butpeople’spotentialisthesame.Formypart,Idon’tthinkI’mbetterorworsethanmostpeople,butIknowifIwritedowneveryactioninmylifeandeverythoughtthatcrossesmymind,otherpeoplewillregardmeasanevilmonster.Everyonehasthesewhims,andbyrecognizingthatpeoplearemoretolerantofthemselvesandothers.Byrecognizingthis,wecanviewourfellowmenwithcompassion,eveniftheyarethebestandmostrespectable.Byrecognizingthis,wedon’ttakeourselvestooseriously.

18.翻譯題

眾所周知，愛(ài)是幸福生活的關(guān)鍵所在。愛(ài)幫助我們?cè)跁r(shí)事艱難的時(shí)候保持沉著、平靜的心態(tài)，它能幫我們度過(guò)苦難的時(shí)光。愛(ài)是享受生命中的諸多驚喜，是完全滿(mǎn)足于生活的給予。愛(ài)是幸福生活的鑰匙，愛(ài)是對(duì)他人真摯的祝福。心中有愛(ài)的人讓世界充滿(mǎn)仁慈和儒雅之風(fēng)，讓周?chē)娜烁械桨踩?。他們求同存異，不把分歧?dāng)作歧視或爭(zhēng)端的理由。

【答案】【參考譯文】Asweallknow,loveisthecruxofahappylife.Lovehelpsusstaycalmandsereneevenwhenthingsaretough.Itcancarryusthroughthehardtimes.Loveisenjoyingthesurprisesoflife,andbeingtotallydelightedwithwhatlifegivesyou.Loveisthekeytohappinessanditisarealblessingtoothers.Peoplewholovemaketheworldakindandgentleplaceandotherpeoplefeelsafearoundthem.Theyappreciatedifferencesinsteadofmakingthemacauseforprejudiceorfighting.

19.翻譯題

環(huán)境與我們的生存息息相關(guān)。越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染影響了我們的生活，我們理當(dāng)應(yīng)該更加重視環(huán)境保護(hù)問(wèn)題。

近年來(lái)，由于車(chē)輛和工廠(chǎng)不斷增加，空氣和生活品質(zhì)也不斷惡化。此外，許多人缺乏公德心，亂丟垃圾，以致污染了湖泊和河流。更重要的是，農(nóng)民大量使用化學(xué)藥物使食物中毒事件一再發(fā)生。長(zhǎng)此下去，我們將呼吸不到新鮮的空氣，喝不到純凈的水，吃不到營(yíng)養(yǎng)的食物了。

正因?yàn)閱?wèn)題很?chē)?yán)重，環(huán)境污染受到了各個(gè)國(guó)家政府的關(guān)注。就拿中國(guó)政府為例，2001年，全國(guó)環(huán)境污染治理投資為1106.6億元，比上年增加4.3%，人民也會(huì)公開(kāi)談?wù)撜畬?duì)于環(huán)境污染的新舉措。總的來(lái)說(shuō)，環(huán)境污染加劇的情況得到了一些控制。

畢竟，我們只有一個(gè)地球可以居住，保護(hù)環(huán)境非常重要。我們主張嚴(yán)格控制環(huán)境以保護(hù)環(huán)境。同時(shí)，不僅僅是政府，每一個(gè)人，不管你住在哪里，都應(yīng)該盡力保護(hù)環(huán)境。以免其惡化。

【答案】Theexistenceofhumansisdirectlyboundwiththeenvironmentinwhichwelive.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontoenvironmentalprote