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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-德陽(yáng)城市軌道交通職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Mostpeoplecan'tget______thedaywithoutatleastonecupofteaorcoffee.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.through

C.over

D.by

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。geton“上車;進(jìn)展”;getthrough“通過;度過”;getover“克服;恢復(fù)”;getby“獲得認(rèn)可”。句意:如果一杯咖啡都不喝的話,大多數(shù)人都不能度過一天。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Withherwarmvoiceandinformalmanner,PearBailyattainedsuccessin(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.everyentertainmentmediumvirtually

B.everyvirtuallyentertainmentmedium

C.virtuallyentertainmenteverymedium

D.virtuallyeveryentertainmentmedium

【答案】D

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。Every為限定詞,修飾entertainmentmedium,virtually為副詞,修飾形容詞every,句意:憑借她溫暖的嗓音和不拘禮節(jié)的舉止,PearBaily幾乎在所有的娛樂媒體中都取得了成功。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

Theuniquehumanhabitoftakinginandemployinganimals—evencompetitorslikewolves—spurredonhumantool-makingandlanguage,whichhavebothdrivenhumanity’ssuccess,PatShipmansays,paleoanthropologistofPennStateUniversity.“Whereveryougointheworld,whateverecosystem,whateverculture,peoplelivewithanimals,”Shipmansaid.

Forearlyhumans,takinginandcaringforanimalswouldseemlikeapoorstrategyforsurvival.“Onthefaceofit,youarewastingyourresources.Sothisisaveryweirdbehavior.”Shipmansaid.Butit’snotsoweirdinthecontextsomethingelsehumansweredoingabout2.6millionyearsago:switchingfromamostlyvegetariandiettoonerichinmeat.Thishappenedbecausehumansinventedstonehuntingtoolsthatenabledthemtocompetewithothertoppredators.Quitearapidandbizarreswitchforanyanimal.Soweinventedtheequipment,learnedhowtotrackandkill,andeventuallytookinanimalswhoalsoknewhowtohunt—likewolvesandothercanines.Others,likegoats,cowsandhorses,providedmilk,hairand,finally,hidesandmeat.

Managingalloftheseanimals—orjusttrackingthem—requirestechnology,knowledgeandwaystopreserveandconveyinformation.Solanguageshadtodevelopandevolvetomeetthechallenges.Trackinggamehasevenbeenarguedtobetheoriginofscientificinquiry,saidPeterRicherson,professoremeritus(名譽(yù)退休的)intheDepartmentofEnvironmentalScienceandPolicyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.Oneofthesignsthatthishappenedisinpetroglyphs(史前巖畫)andotherrockartleftbyancientpeoples.Atfirsttheywereabstract,geometricpatternsthatareimpossibletodecipher(破譯).Thentheyconvergeononesubject:animals.

Therehavealsobeengeneticchangesinbothhumansandouranimals.Fortheanimalsthosechangesdevelopedbecausehumanbredthemforspecifictraits,likeacowthatgivesmoremilkorahenthatlaysmoreeggs.Butthisevolutionaryinfluenceworksbothways.Dogs,forinstance,mighthavebeenselectivelytakeninbyhumanswhosharedgenesformorecompassion.Thosehumansthenprosperedwiththedogs’helpinhuntingandsecuringtheirhomes.

31.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphaboutanimals?()

32.WhydidShipmansaytakinginanimalisapoorstrategyforsurvival?()

33.Whydidlanguageshavetodevelopandevolvetomeetthechallenges?()

34.WhatdowelearnfromthestatementofPatShipmanandPeterRicherson?()

35.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?()

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Animalshavedrivenhumanity’ssuccess.

B.Tool-makingandlanguageareuniquelyhumanhabits.

C.Employingwolvesisuniquelyhumanhabit.

D.Peoplelivewithanimalseverywhere.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Earlyhumanswerepoorinsurvivalresources.

B.Takinginanimalwasaveryweirdbehavior.

C.Earlyhumansdidn’tknowhowtotrackandkill.

D.Earlyhumansswitchedfromavegetariandiettomeat.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Earlyhumansshouldhavecommunicationintrackinggame.

B.Languagecanenablehumanstocompetewithothertoppredators.

C.Animalsshouldunderstandtheordersgivenbyhumans.

D.Languagecouldgivearapidandbizarreswitchforanyanimal.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Caringforanimalsseemedcommonafterpeopleinventedtools.

B.Afterlanguagedevelopedearlyhumanslearnedhowtotrackandkill.

C.Managingandtrackinganimalsaretheoriginofmodernscience.

D.Languagedevelopedfromabstracttospecificbecauseofanimals.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Animalschangesaredevelopedbythemselves.

B.Humanbredanimalsforspecificgenes.

C.Evolutionaryinfluenceworksonbothhumansandanimals.

D.Genescouldmakethedogshelppeopleinhunting.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】31.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后一句“Whereveryougointheworld,whateverecosystem,whateverculture,peoplelivewithanimals(無(wú)論你走到世界上的哪個(gè)角落,無(wú)論那里的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)如何、文化如何,人類都和動(dòng)物生活在一起)”可知在任何地方人類都和動(dòng)物生活在一起。A選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)物促進(jìn)了人類的成功”,文中第一段提到促進(jìn)人類成功的因素是制作工具和語(yǔ)言能力的發(fā)展,因此A選項(xiàng)是不正確的;B選項(xiàng)“制作工具和使用語(yǔ)言是人類獨(dú)有的習(xí)慣”,文中提到馴養(yǎng)和利用動(dòng)物是人類獨(dú)有的習(xí)慣,該選項(xiàng)偷換了概念。C選項(xiàng)“利用狼是只有人類獨(dú)有的習(xí)慣”,文中說(shuō)到的“獨(dú)特習(xí)慣”是指馴養(yǎng)和利用動(dòng)物,該選項(xiàng)也屬于偷換概念。D選項(xiàng)“在任何地方人類都和動(dòng)物生活在一起”符合段意,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

32.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段的第二句話“Onthefaceofit,youarewastingyourresources.Sothisisaveryweirdbehavior.(從表面上看,你是在浪費(fèi)資源。所以這是一種非常奇怪的行為。)”,從該句可以推理出收養(yǎng)和照顧動(dòng)物在浪費(fèi)生存資源,因?yàn)樵缙跁r(shí)代人類生活資源匱乏。A選項(xiàng)“早期人類缺乏生存資源”符合題意;B選項(xiàng)“收養(yǎng)動(dòng)物是一種非常奇怪的行為”實(shí)際上就是題干的意思,但是題目問的是其原因,因此B選項(xiàng)不是正確答案;C選項(xiàng)“早期人類不知道如何追蹤和打獵”和D選項(xiàng)“早期人類從素食轉(zhuǎn)向肉食”都是下文提到的內(nèi)容,與題干意思不大;因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

33.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段的第一句和第二句話“Managingalloftheseanimals—orjusttrackingthem—requirestechnology,knowledgeandwaystopreserveandconveyinformation.Solanguageshadtodevelopandevolvetomeetthechallenges.(管理所有這些動(dòng)物——或者僅僅是追蹤它們——需要技術(shù)、知識(shí)和方式來(lái)保存和傳遞信息。因此,語(yǔ)言必須發(fā)展和進(jìn)化來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)。)”,從該句可以推理出在狩獵過程中和狩獵后,都需要語(yǔ)言交流來(lái)使得狩獵順利進(jìn)行。A選項(xiàng)“早期人類在追蹤游戲中需要進(jìn)行交流”符合題意;B選項(xiàng)“語(yǔ)言能使人類與其他頂級(jí)掠食者競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤,人類是因?yàn)榘l(fā)明了石器狩獵工具,才使他們能夠與其他頂級(jí)掠食者競(jìng)爭(zhēng);C選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)物應(yīng)該理解人類發(fā)出的命令”和D選項(xiàng)“語(yǔ)言可以給任何動(dòng)物迅速而奇異的轉(zhuǎn)變”文中都沒有提到,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

34.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段的第三句話“Trackinggamehasevenbeenarguedtobetheoriginofscientificinquiry(追蹤游戲甚至被認(rèn)為是科學(xué)探究的起源)”,由此我們可知管理和追蹤動(dòng)物是現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的起源。A選項(xiàng)“在人類發(fā)明了工具之后,照顧動(dòng)物似乎很常見”與第二段PatShipman表示早期人類馴養(yǎng)和照顧動(dòng)物的行為“是一種很怪異的行為”相反,因此A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;B選項(xiàng)“在語(yǔ)言發(fā)展之后,早期人類學(xué)會(huì)了如何追蹤和獵殺”,

從第一段PatShipman的表述可知,是人類馴養(yǎng)和利用動(dòng)物的獨(dú)特習(xí)慣促進(jìn)了人類語(yǔ)言能力的發(fā)展,B選項(xiàng)顛倒了因果關(guān)系,因此B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“管理和追蹤動(dòng)物是現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的起源”符合題意;D選項(xiàng)“由于動(dòng)物的存在,語(yǔ)言從抽象發(fā)展到具體”,文章倒數(shù)第二段的最后兩句講的是史前巖畫和巖石藝術(shù)的發(fā)展是從抽象到具體的動(dòng)物形象的發(fā)展,所以D選項(xiàng)不正確。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

35.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段的第三句話“Butthisevolutionaryinfluenceworksbothways.(但這種進(jìn)化的影響是雙向的。)”,這句話說(shuō)明人和動(dòng)物的進(jìn)化影響是相互的。A選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)物的變化是自發(fā)產(chǎn)生的”,但最后一段說(shuō)到“Fortheanimalsthosechangesdevelopedbecausehumanbredthemforspecifictraits(對(duì)于動(dòng)物來(lái)說(shuō),它們發(fā)生變化是因?yàn)槿祟悶榱颂囟ǖ奶匦择Z養(yǎng)它們)”,因此A選項(xiàng)是不正確的;B選項(xiàng)“人類為了特定的基因飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物”,文中說(shuō)到的是人類為了特定的特性飼養(yǎng)它們,因此B選項(xiàng)不正確;D選項(xiàng)“基因可以讓狗幫助人類狩獵”文中沒有提及;C選項(xiàng)“人和動(dòng)物的進(jìn)化影響是相互的”符合段意,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

NazismandFascismwere(

)tobethrownintothedumpofhistory.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deposited

B.doomed

C.damned

D.deserved

【答案】B

【解析】句意:納粹和法西斯主義注定要被扔進(jìn)歷史的垃圾堆。

固定搭配。bedoomedto注定。

5.單選題

Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGallileo's17thcenturytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlake’sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanities,ifanything,deepenedinthe20thcentury.

Untilrecently,thescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscritics—butnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclined,scientistshaveattacked“antiscience”inseveralbooks,notablyHigherSuperstitionbyPaulR.Gross,abiologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andNormanLevitt,amathematicianatRutgersUniversity:andTheDemon-hauntedWorld,byCarlSaganofCornelUniversity.

Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas“TheFlightfromScienceandReason,”heldinNewYorkCityin1995,and“ScienceintheAgeofInformation,”whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.

Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedinscience’sobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghosts,creationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.

Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswell,fromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.

FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomber,whosemanifesto,publishedin1995,scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapre-technologicalutopia.Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscience,asanessayinUSNews&WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.

Theenvironmentalists,inevitably,respondtosuchcritics.Thetrueenemiesofscience,arguesPaulEhrlishofStanfordUniversity,apioneerofenvironmentalstudies,arethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarming,thedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.

Indeed,someobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless.“Theterm‘a(chǎn)ntiscience’canlumptogethertoomany,quitedifferentthing,”notesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAnti-science.“Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened.”

1.Theword“schism”(Paragraph1)inthecontextprobablymeans().

2.Paragraphs2and3arewrittento().

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.TheauthortakesPaulR.Gross’bookHigherSuperstitionasanillustrationtoshowthat().

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheissueof“sciencevs.antiscience”is().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confrontation

B.dissatisfaction

C.separation

D.contempt

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.discussthecauseofthedeclineofscience’spower

B.showtheauthor’ssympathywithscientists

C.explainthewayinwhichsciencedevelops

D.exemplifythedivisionofscienceandthehumanities

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Environmentalistswereblamedforantiscienceinanessay.

B.Politiciansarenotsubjectivetothelabelingofantiscience.

C.The“moreenlightened”tendtotagothersasantiscience.

D.Taggingenvironmentalistsas“antiscience”isjustifiable.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.traditionalculturewouldgreatlyaffectthedevelopmentofscience

B.scienceisnolongervulnerabletobeattacked

C.differentpeoplemayhavedifferentinterpretationonscience

D.scientificcommunityhasbecomepowerfulenoughtodefendanycriticsagainstscience

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.impartial

B.subjective

C.biased

D.puzzling

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第一句話“Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.”科學(xué)與文化其他方面的關(guān)系一直都很緊張,以及后面的舉例可知,20世紀(jì),科學(xué)和人文之間的分歧加深了。confrontation對(duì)抗;dissatisfaction不滿;separation分歧,裂痕;contempt蔑視。選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)C意思差不多,但注意句子中的措辭用的是deepened,所以選項(xiàng)C更符合語(yǔ)境。

2.第二段指出,科學(xué)界如此之強(qiáng)大以至于可以對(duì)批評(píng)者置之不理——但現(xiàn)在不同了。由于科學(xué)經(jīng)費(fèi)減少,科學(xué)家開始著書抨擊“反科學(xué)”傾向;第三段指出,科學(xué)的擁護(hù)者也在一些會(huì)議上表達(dá)了他們的擔(dān)憂。根據(jù)第一段提到的科學(xué)和人文之間的分歧加深,由此推斷第二段和第三段主要是舉例說(shuō)明科學(xué)和人文的分歧。選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.根據(jù)第六段的第二句“Butsurelythat...seemedtosuggest.”,當(dāng)然,這并不意味著,對(duì)不加控制的工業(yè)發(fā)展表示擔(dān)憂的環(huán)保主義者也是反科學(xué)的,而去年5月份刊登在《美國(guó)新聞和世界報(bào)導(dǎo)》的一篇文章卻似乎暗示是這么回事。選項(xiàng)A一篇文章指責(zé)環(huán)境保護(hù)者為反科學(xué)者,正確;根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容,反科學(xué)的標(biāo)簽也貼在了許多其他群體上,從提倡消滅最后殘存的天花病毒庫(kù)的官方人士到倡議削減基礎(chǔ)研究基金的共和黨人。這里面包含了政黨人,所以選項(xiàng)B表述錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)C在文中沒有提及。選項(xiàng)D給環(huán)境保護(hù)者貼上“反科學(xué)”的標(biāo)簽是有道理的,錯(cuò)誤。

4.根據(jù)第四段的一二句“Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedinscience’sobjectivity.”反科學(xué)對(duì)不同的人有不同的含義。格羅斯和萊維特主要挑那些質(zhì)疑科學(xué)客觀性的社會(huì)學(xué)家、哲學(xué)家和其他學(xué)者的毛病。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.作者只是客觀地?cái)⑹隽丝茖W(xué)和人文學(xué)科之間的分歧,在文中沒有發(fā)表任何自己的看法或態(tài)度,所以作者的態(tài)度是客觀公正的。選項(xiàng)A正確。impartial公平公正的;subjective主觀的;biased有偏見的;puzzling疑惑的。

6.單選題

Theblackhorseis()ofthepair.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thestrongest

B.thestronger

C.thestrong

D.quitestrong

【答案】B

【解析】句意:這匹黑馬更強(qiáng)壯。

語(yǔ)法題。考查比較級(jí)。當(dāng)要特指兩者中“較(更)......”時(shí),比較級(jí)前通常要帶定冠詞,此時(shí)可視為比較級(jí)后省略了有關(guān)的名詞或代詞one,即定冠詞實(shí)為修飾被省略的名詞或代詞one。pair的詞義是“一對(duì)”或“一雙”,即在“兩者”中進(jìn)行比較。因此,此處應(yīng)該使用thestronger。

7.單選題

Thenewsaboutthenuclearpowerstationthatwasdamagedbytheearthquakewas___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.negative

B.encouraging

C.serious

D.positive

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.negative消極的B.encouraging令人鼓舞的

C.serious嚴(yán)肅的;嚴(yán)重的D.positive積極的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意可知,核電站被損是一件很嚴(yán)肅的事情。因?yàn)闀?huì)導(dǎo)致核泄漏等不良影響。C選項(xiàng)serious“嚴(yán)肅的,嚴(yán)重的”滿足句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、D選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。核電站被損這件事情并不是好的事情;

A選項(xiàng)negative通常指消極的負(fù)面的,形容態(tài)度或者某件事的影響。

【句意】關(guān)于核電站被地震破壞的消息是很嚴(yán)重的。

8.單選題

Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines;theBug-EyedMonsterembodyingeveryfeaturethatmostpeoplefindrepulsive.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.Thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesintherelationbetweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.Sciencefictionisaliteratureofchangeandaliteratureofthefuture,andwhileitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenreatthistime,theaspectsofhumanlifethatitconsidersmakeitwellworthreadingandstudying—fornootherliteraryformdoesquitethesamethings.

Thequestionis:whatissciencefiction?Andtheanswermustbe,unfortunately,thattherehavebeenfewattemptstoconsiderthisquestionatanylengthorwithmuchseriousness;itmaywellbethatsciencefictionwillresistanycomprehensivedefinitionofitscharacteristics.Tosaythis,however,doesnotmeanthattherearenowaysofdefiningitnorthatvariousfacetsofitstotalitycannotbeclarified.Tobeginwith,thefollowingdefinitionshouldbehelpful:sciencefictionisaliterarysubgenrewhichpostulatesachange(forhumanbeings)fromconditionsasweknowthemandfollowtheimplicationsofthesechangestoaconclusion.Althoughthisdefinitionwithnecessarilybemodifiedandexpanded,andprobablychanged,inthecourseofthisexploration,itcoversmuchofthebasicgroundworkandprovidesapointsofdeparture.

Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone,butonewhichisoftenoverlookedorignoredinmostdiscussionsofsciencefiction.Specifically,sciencefictioniseitherashortstoryoranovel.Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Rossum’sUniversalRobots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown;thebodyofpoetrythatmightbelabeledsciencefictionisonlyslightlylarge.Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionthatistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.

Everythingthatcanbesaidaboutprosefictioningeneralappliestosciencefiction.Everypieceofsciencefiction,whethershortstoryornovel,musthaveanarrator,astory,aplot,asettingcharacters,language,andtheme.Andlikeanyprose,thethemesofsciencefictionareconcernedwithinterpretingman’snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.Theyaretheresultofaparticularcombinationofnarratorstory,plot,character,setting,andlanguage.Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.

1.Sciencefictioniscalledaliterarysubgenrebecause______.

2.Theviewofsciencefictionencouragedbypulpmagazines,whilewrong,isnevertheless______.

3.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagewouldbe______.

4.Theauthor’sdefinitionsuggeststhatallsciencefictiondealswith______.

5.Oneimplicationofthefinalsentenceinthepassageisthat______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itisnotimportantenoughtobealiterarygenre

B.itcannotbemadeintoadramaticpresentation

C.tocallita“genre”wouldsubjectittoliteraryjargon

D.itsharescharacteristicswithothertypesofprosefiction

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.popular

B.deranged

C.elegant

D.accurate

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.OntheInaccuraciesofPulpMagazines

B.ManandtheUniverse

C.TowardaDefinitionofScienceFiction

D.ATypeofProseFiction

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thesametopicsaddressedbynovelsandshortstories

B.theunfamiliarorunusual

C.KarelCapek’swell-knownpostulate

D.theconflictbetweenscienceandfiction

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.therearereasonsforenjoyingsciencefiction

B.thereadershouldturnnexttocommentariesongeneralfiction

C.thereisnoreasonforanyreadernottolikesciencefiction

D.thosewhocanreadandanalyzefictioncanalsodosowithsciencefiction

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“科幻小說(shuō)之所以被稱為文學(xué)流派分支是因?yàn)椤?。根?jù)第三段最后一句Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionthatistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.(科幻小說(shuō)是散文小說(shuō)的一個(gè)分支,也就是說(shuō),它具有一般散文小說(shuō)的所有基本特征和基本功能,即它與其他所有的小說(shuō)和短篇故事有很多共同之處)可知,D項(xiàng)“它與其他類型的散文小說(shuō)有共同的特點(diǎn)”正確;根據(jù)第一段Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines…Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.(許多人似乎認(rèn)為科幻小說(shuō)以一些老式低俗雜志的封面為代表……這是不幸的,因?yàn)樗H低了一個(gè)值得的,甚至是重要的文學(xué)努力)可知,科幻小說(shuō)是重要的文學(xué)努力,A項(xiàng)“它還不夠重要去成為一種文學(xué)體裁”錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)第三段中的Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction(只有少數(shù)戲劇可以被稱為科幻小說(shuō))可知,科幻小說(shuō)可以以戲劇形式出現(xiàn),B項(xiàng)“不能以戲劇的形式表演”錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)第三段第一句Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone(科幻小說(shuō)是文學(xué)的一個(gè)分支,這一點(diǎn)非常重要)可知,科幻小說(shuō)就是屬于文學(xué)流派分支,C項(xiàng)“稱其為體裁會(huì)使它從屬于文學(xué)流派”也不符合原文。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“被低俗雜志推崇的科幻小說(shuō)這一的觀點(diǎn)盡管是錯(cuò)誤的,然而它卻是……”。根據(jù)第一段Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines.(許多人似乎認(rèn)為科幻小說(shuō)以一些老式低俗雜志的封面為代表)可知,這種觀點(diǎn)是非常普遍的,A項(xiàng)“流行的,普遍的”正確;B項(xiàng)“瘋狂的”、C項(xiàng)“優(yōu)雅的”和D項(xiàng)“準(zhǔn)確的”表述都不夠準(zhǔn)確。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題應(yīng)該是……”。通讀全文可知,文章主要是闡述科幻小說(shuō)的定義,即它和散文小說(shuō)有共同的特點(diǎn),屬于文學(xué)流派的分支,故C項(xiàng)“科幻小說(shuō)的定義”最能概括全文;A項(xiàng)“關(guān)于低俗雜志的不準(zhǔn)確性”和D項(xiàng)“散文小說(shuō)的一種類型”都只是部分提及;B項(xiàng)“人與宇宙”沒有提到。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者的定義表明,所有科幻小說(shuō)都涉及……”。根據(jù)第三段最后一句ithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.(它具有一般散文小說(shuō)的所有基本特征和基本功能,即它與其他所有的小說(shuō)和短篇故事有很多共同之處)以及最后一段中的Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.(科幻小說(shuō)中的主題的構(gòu)建和呈現(xiàn)方式與其他任何類型的小說(shuō)的主題處理方式完全相同)可以推斷,A項(xiàng)“與小說(shuō)和短篇故事一樣的主題”是正確的;B項(xiàng)“不常見的或者是不尋常的事物”和D項(xiàng)“科學(xué)和小說(shuō)間的沖突”在文中沒有根據(jù);C項(xiàng)“KarelCapek著名的假設(shè)”,文中第三段只提到了Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Rossum’sUniversalRobots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown(只有少數(shù)戲劇可以被稱為科幻小說(shuō),其中KarelCapek的《Rossum’sUniversalRobots》是唯一著名的),可知C項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“文章最后一個(gè)句子的含義是……”。文章最后一句話是Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.(簡(jiǎn)而言之,閱讀和欣賞科幻小說(shuō)的原因,以及研究和分析科幻小說(shuō)的方式,基本上與閱讀其他故事或小說(shuō)的方式相同)可知,閱讀和欣賞科幻小說(shuō)的原因以及分析它的方式基本和其他故事或小說(shuō)的方式基本相同,因此可以反推,能夠閱讀和分析小說(shuō)的人也能讀科幻小說(shuō),故D項(xiàng)“那些能讀和分析小說(shuō)的人也能讀科幻小說(shuō)”符合題意;A項(xiàng)“喜歡科幻小說(shuō)是有原因的”只是句子的一段信息,并不是該句的含義;B項(xiàng)“讀者應(yīng)該求助于一般小說(shuō)的評(píng)論”和C項(xiàng)“讀者沒有理由不喜歡科幻小說(shuō)”在本句沒有提到。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

The____driverthinksthataccidentsonlyhappentootherpeople.Onthecontrary,itoftenhappenstohimself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.common

B.general

C.usual

D.average

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.common普通的B.general普遍的;一般的;籠統(tǒng)的

C.usual慣常的D.average普通的;一般的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】近義詞辨析

【解題思路】原句語(yǔ)義為“___司機(jī)(The____driver)認(rèn)為事故只發(fā)生在別人身上。相反,這種事經(jīng)常發(fā)生在他自己(himself)身上?!笨崭裉幩钤~修飾的是名詞“司機(jī)”,根據(jù)句意推測(cè),一般的司機(jī)都認(rèn)為事故只發(fā)生在別人身上,D選項(xiàng)average“普通的;一般的”最符合語(yǔ)境,theaveragedriver指一般的司機(jī)。Average的基本義是平均的,該詞在表達(dá)“普通的”這一意項(xiàng)時(shí),更側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)群體中個(gè)體的情況。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)common“普通的”,側(cè)重于指不特別;

B選項(xiàng)general“普遍的;一般的;籠統(tǒng)的”,側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)整體性,忽略個(gè)體和例外;原文使用的是單數(shù),最后用的也是himself,所以側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體的average更合適;

C選項(xiàng)usual“慣常的”,側(cè)重于描述在特定的情況下最常發(fā)生的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)習(xí)慣性的,一般不用于形容人。

【句意】一般的司機(jī)認(rèn)為事故只發(fā)生在別人身上。相反,這種事經(jīng)常發(fā)生在他自己身上。

10.單選題

Heatisnothingmorethantheenergyofatomsinmotion;so,ifyoucanslowdownatoms,youarecoolingthem(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ineffect

B.nextto

C.atrandom

D.inhand

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)ineffect“實(shí)際上;生效”;B選項(xiàng)nextto“幾乎,差不多;緊挨著”;C選項(xiàng)atrandom“胡亂地;隨便地;任意地”;D選項(xiàng)inhand“在手頭;在進(jìn)行中;在控制中”。句意:熱只不過是原子運(yùn)動(dòng)的能量;所以,如果你能使原子慢下來(lái),你······是在給它們降溫。由句意判斷可知,此處“實(shí)際上你是在給它們降溫”與前半句“熱只不過是原子運(yùn)動(dòng)的能量”邏輯通順。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

LinesoflatituderunhorizontallyandareparalleltotheEquatorandlinesoflongituderunvertically.They()attheNorthandSouthPoles.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.converge

B.convoke

C.convoy

D.convulse

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)converge“使匯聚;聚集,靠攏”;B選項(xiàng)convoke“召集”;C選項(xiàng)convoy“護(hù)航;護(hù)送”;D選項(xiàng)convulse“震撼;使劇烈震動(dòng);使抽搐”。句意:緯度線是水平的,與赤道平行,經(jīng)線是垂直的。它們?cè)谀蠘O和北極匯合。題干中提到“Linesoflatitude緯線”、“l(fā)inesoflongitude經(jīng)線”和“attheNorthandSouthPoles在南北極”,由此可推斷出“聚集”符合語(yǔ)境,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Theirsuccessinincreasingthemarketshareresultedfromtheirbreak-throughin()oftheproductconfiguration.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.quality

B.stereotype

C.ads

D.maintenance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)quality“品質(zhì)、質(zhì)量”;B選項(xiàng)stereotype“老套、成見”;C選項(xiàng)ads“廣告”;D選項(xiàng)maintenance“維持、保養(yǎng)”,句意為:他們之所以能成功地提高市場(chǎng)份額,是因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)诋a(chǎn)品配置的質(zhì)量上取得了突破。quality“品質(zhì)、質(zhì)量”符合題意,因此選A。

13.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

1.Themostwidelyacceptedtheory,championedbyanthropologistsinthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturiesenvisionstheaterasemergingoutofmythandritual.

2.LikethestoneofRomanwall,whichwereheldtogetherbothbytheregulardesignandbythepowerfulRomancement,thevariouspartsoftheRomanrealmwerebondedintoamassiveentitybyphysical,organizational,andpsychologicalcontrols.

3.Whenthiskindofdamagingactivityiscarriedoutonline,howcantheoffendereverbeheldaccountablefortheiractionswhentheyarealmostentirelyuntraceableinavirtualworld?

4.TheharmonyofmanandnatureintheflowofthegreatstreamofrhythmmakestheChinesegardenmorethansomethingmerelysecular.ItistruethatnoonewouldlookupontheChinesegardenasareligiousstructure.

5.Weanticipateapersonallosswillbemorepainfulthananidenticalgainwillbepleasant,sothebenefitofwinningmustbedisproportionatelylargeforustotakeabet.

【答案】1.人類學(xué)家在十九世紀(jì)末二十世紀(jì)初提出的最為廣泛接受的理論認(rèn)為戲劇是神話和儀式的產(chǎn)物。

2.就像通過常規(guī)設(shè)計(jì)和強(qiáng)有力的羅馬水泥而結(jié)合在一起的羅馬城墻上的石頭,羅馬王國(guó)的各個(gè)部分通過身體的、組織的和心理的控制而被結(jié)合成一個(gè)巨大的實(shí)體。

3.當(dāng)這種破壞性活動(dòng)在網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行時(shí),在虛擬世界中幾乎完全無(wú)法追查的情況下,如何追究犯罪者的行為責(zé)任?

4.在有韻律的極好的溪流的流動(dòng)中人與自然的和諧讓中國(guó)園林不只是一些世俗的東西。確實(shí)沒有人會(huì)將中國(guó)園林看成是一種宗教的建筑物。

5.我們預(yù)料,相比一個(gè)完全相同的收獲帶來(lái)的愉快,一個(gè)人的損失帶來(lái)的不快更多,因此對(duì)我們?nèi)ゴ蛸€而言,獲勝的好處一定是不成比例地大的。

14.單選題

Althoughthegovernmentstillenjoysahighlevelofpublicsupport,thecrimeproblemhasstirredpolit?ical_______andsuspicions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.substance

B.antagonisms

C.dimension

D.possession

【答案】B

【解析】substance物質(zhì),實(shí)質(zhì);antagonism對(duì)抗,敵意;dimension尺寸;possession擁有。句意:雖然政府仍然享有很高的公眾支持,但犯罪問題已經(jīng)引發(fā)了對(duì)抗對(duì)立和猜疑。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

15.單選題

Thecompanywill()toitsagreement,nomatterhowcostlytheprocessmaybe.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retain

B.alter

C.adhere

D.abandon

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞搭配。retain”保持,記住”;alter“改變,更改”;adhere“堅(jiān)持,追隨”,一般與to連用;abandon“拋棄,遺棄”。句意:無(wú)論過程中會(huì)付出多大的代價(jià),這家公司都將堅(jiān)持其協(xié)議。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

16.單選題

Withtheprices(

)somuch,itisdifficultforthegovernmenttomakeabudgetplan.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vibrating

B.fluctuating

C.fluttering

D.swinging

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vibrate“使震動(dòng),使顫動(dòng)”;B選項(xiàng)fluctuate“波動(dòng),漲落”的意思;C選項(xiàng)flutter“飄動(dòng),鼓翼”;D選項(xiàng)swing“搖擺,專項(xiàng),懸掛”。

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