考研考博-英語(yǔ)-昆山杜克大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-昆山杜克大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Theworkthatwomendohasalwaysbeenfundamentaltotheglobaleconomy.Buttheircontributionhasn’tregisteredwithtraditionaleconomicinstitutionsbecausesomuchofithasbeennonmonetary.Infact,onecommoneconomictermfornonmonetaryworkisinactivity.It’sthatattitudethathasmadewomen’sworkinvisible.Nowonderthebattlecryofthewomen’smovementwasequality.

Bymovingintotheworldofpaidwork,inrichcountriesatleast,womenhaveindeeduppedtheirvisibility.ButIdoubtthatyoucould,makeaveryconclusivecasethattheyhavebecomeequaltomen.TheUnitedNationsestimatedin1993thateconomicequalitybetweenthesexeswouldtake,atthepacethenprevailing,1,000yearstoachieve.Themedialovefemalehighfliers,thehandfulofcompanydirectorsandCEOswhoaretrottedouttimeandagainasevidenceofthegainswomenhavemade.Buttheyarenottrulyrepresentativeoftheaverageworkingwoman,saddledwithadoubleburdenasshetriestobalanceherjobwithlifeasamotherandhomemaker.

Thisbalancingactisaformulaforunfulfillment.Itwouldhavebeenfarmoreequitableforwomeninthelongrunifitwasthenonmonetaryworkthathadbeensharedout—if,forexample,menspentmorethanafractionofthetimewiththeirchildrenthattheirwivesdo.AndIbelievethat,inpractice,mostwomenwouldprefersimplefairnesstoeconomicequality.AsmyfriendHazelHendersonsays,ourkidsdidn’twanttoseeusturnintothebestbloodymen.

Still,it’sverymuchatrendtofocusontheglobaleconomicimpactofwomen,particularlyasit’sfeltinthesmall-scaleinitiativesthatwomenhaveestablishedaroundtheworld.Dealingdirectlywitheconomicallymarginalizedcommunitiesandcooperativesaroundtheglobe,I’veseenhowwomenholdasocietytogether.Economicopportunitymeansmuchmoretothemthanmoney.Italsofostersthefundamentalsofself-esteem:education,healthcare,culturalcontinuityandthechancetoprotectthepastwhileshapingafuture.

Asenseofcommunityisoneoftheso-called“feminine”valuesthatethicalbusinessthinkersputforwardintheirquestfornewparadigms.Thesevaluesreflectintimatepersonalandculturalattributesthatareinmanywaysthereverseoftheglobal-marketsyndrome,whichisallaboutdistance,impersonalityandthemovementofcapitalregardlessofhumanconsequence.Youdon’thavetowonderwhatwouldhappenifwecouldfeminizeeconomicactivityandeconomicrelations.Thereisalreadyplentyofevidenceintheworkofsomepioneeringfemalethinkerswhoseconcernaboutthesocietytheirchildrenwillinheritpromisestofundamentallychangeglobaleconomics.

Infact,mostofthefinancialsector’sinnovativethinkingonsociallyresponsiveinvestinghascomefromwomen.WhyamInotsurprised?Globalizationisamug’sgamebeingplayedinaMan’sworld.Icanimagineadaywhencompassioncountsasmuchascashflow.Afterall,thechallengesthatconfrontthebusinessworldalreadydemandaholisticperspective.Andwhoisgoingtobebestequippedtofacethatfuture?

1.Accordingtothewriter,mostwomen（）.

2.Theexpression"saddledwith"inLine10ofParagraph2means（）.

3.Thefifthparagraphsuggeststhatineconomicactivityandeconomicrelations,women（）.

4.Bysaying"Globalizationisamug'sgamebeingplayedinaman'sworld",thewritermeans（）.

5.Thewriterimpliesinthelastparagraphthatthepersonswhoaregoingtobebestequippedinworldeconomyare（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wanttodemonstratehowresponsibletheyareindoingbusiness

B.areignorantoftheglobaleconomy

C.justseeksimplefairnessratherthanequality

D.arefedupwiththeirhusbands'spendinglesstimetheirchildren

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.letdown

B.putupwith

C.playedup

D.burdenedwith

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.aremuchmorecompassionatethanmen

B.arelessqualifiedthanmen

C.canmakealotofintimatefriends

D.attachmuchimportancetoeconomicconsequences

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.itismenwhocanreallyhavetheeconomicglobalizationmaterialized

B.menareunlikelytosucceedineconomicglobalization

C.mendonottakeeconomicglobalizationseriously

D.itisapieceofcakeformentoglobalizetheworldeconomy

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.universitystudents

B.futurists

C.men

D.women

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第三段的倒數(shù)第二句“AndIbelievethat,inpractice,mostwomenwouldprefersimplefairnesstoeconomicequality.”我認(rèn)為，實(shí)際上大多數(shù)女性更喜歡簡(jiǎn)單的公平，而不是經(jīng)濟(jì)上的平等。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Buttheyarenottrulyrepresentativeoftheaverageworkingwoman,saddledwithadoubleburdenasshetriestobalanceherjobwithlifeasamotherandhomemaker.”但她們并不能真正代表普通職業(yè)女性，在努力平衡工作與母親和家庭生活的過(guò)程中，她們背負(fù)著雙重負(fù)擔(dān)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.第五段的內(nèi)容主要是講共同體意識(shí)也是商業(yè)倫理思想者提倡的所謂的“女性”價(jià)值之一。它與只著眼于金錢(qián)，而不考慮人格和文化特征的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)模式不同。根據(jù)第六段提到的，由于未來(lái)的商業(yè)社會(huì)要求采取整體性思維和更具同情心，而女性在這樣的環(huán)境中更有發(fā)展，所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.“mug'sgame”指費(fèi)力不討好的事。這里指商業(yè)世界面臨的挑戰(zhàn)已經(jīng)需要一個(gè)全面的視角。說(shuō)明男性在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化中不太可能成功。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“mostofthefinancialsector'sinnovativethinkingonsociallyresponsiveinvestinghascomefromwomen.”財(cái)政部門(mén)大多數(shù)對(duì)社會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)的投資具有創(chuàng)新思維的建議來(lái)自女性。說(shuō)明作者認(rèn)為女性在未來(lái)社會(huì)中的地位將會(huì)更加舉足輕重。選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.單選題

TheUnitedNationsConferenceonDrugAbuse,whichtookplaceearlierthisyearinVienna,wasavery（

）meeting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.productive

B.overwhelming

C.compulsory

D.protective

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。productive“多產(chǎn)的，富有成效的”；overwhelming“壓倒性的”；compulsory“強(qiáng)制的”；protective“保護(hù)的”。句意：今年早些時(shí)候聯(lián)合國(guó)在維也納召開(kāi)的濫用藥品大會(huì)取得了相當(dāng)大的成果。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

______thedoorthansomebodystartedknockingonit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ihadclosednosooner

B.Ihadnosoonerclosed

C.NosoonerhaveIclosed

D.NosoonerIclosed

【答案】B

【解析】考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：我剛關(guān)上門(mén)，就有人開(kāi)始敲門(mén)。nosooner…than是固定搭配，意為“一……就……”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，than后面的從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，基本用法為：主語(yǔ)+hadnosoonerdonesth.than+主語(yǔ)+did。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

AfterLosAngeles,AtlantamaybeAmerica’smostcar-dependentcity.Atlantanssentimentallygivetheircarsnames;comparespeedingticketsandjealouslyguardanyside-streetwhereitispossibletopark.Thecity’sroadsaresowellwornthatthefirstactofthenewmayor,ShirleyFranklin,wastostartrepairingpotholes.In1998,13metrocountieslostfederalhighwayfundsbecausetheirair-pollutionlevelsviolatedtheCleanAirAct.TheAmericanHighwayUsersAlliancerankedthreeAtlantainterchangesamongthe18worstbottlenecksinthecountry.

Othercitiesinthesamefixhavereorganizedtheirhighways,imposedcommuterandcartaxes,orexpandedtheirpublic-transportsystems.Atlantadoesnotlikeanyofthesethings.Publictransportisavexedsubject,too.Atlanta’smetropolitanregionisdividedintonumerouscountyandsmallercitygovernments,whichfindithardtoworktogether.Railwaysnowservethecitycenterandtheairport,butnotmuchelse;busstopsareoftennearinvisiblepoles,offeringnoindicationofwhichbusmightstopthere,orwhen.

Georgia’sDemocraticgovernor,RoyBarnes,whohopesforre-electioninNovember,hasotherplans.TowinbackthefederalhighwaymoneylostundertheCleanAirAct,hecreatedtheGeorgiaRegionalTransportationAuthority(GRTA),a15-memberboardwiththepowertomakethecountygovernments,thecityandtheten-countyAtlantaRegionalCommissioncooperateontransportplans,whethertheylikeitornot.

NowGRTAhasissueditsownpreliminaryplan,allocating$4.5billionoverthenextthreeyearsforavarietyofschemes.Theplanearmarksmoneytowidenroads;tohaveanelectricshuttlebusshuttletouristsamongtheelegantvillasofBuckhead;andtocreateacommuterraillinkbetweenAtlantaandMacon,twohourstothesouth.Countieswillbeencouraged,withgenerousten-to-onematchingfunds,tostartexpressbusservices.

Publicgoodwill,however,maynotstretchasfarasthenextplan,whichistobuildtheNorthernArchighwayfor65milesacrossthreecountiesnorthofthecitylimits.GRTAhasallotted$270millionforthis.Supporterssayitwouldeasethecongestiononlocalroads;opponentsthinkitwouldworsenover-developmentandtraffic.Thecountiesaffected,andevenGRTA’sownboard,aredivided.

Thegovernorisinfavor,however,andsincehecanappointandfireGRTA’Smembers,thatisprobablytheendofthestory.Mr.Barneshasatendencytodoashewants,regardless.Hisarroganceontrafficmatterscouldalsolosehimvotes.ButMr.BarnesthinkthatAtlanta’sslowingeconomycoulddohimmoreharmthantheanti-sprawlmovement.

1.Theauthor’spresentationofAtlantans’car-dependenceismeant____.

2.Whichofthefollowingisnotpartofthe“anti-sprawlmovement”asplannedbyGovernorRoyBarnes?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetext?

4.ItcanbelearntfromthetextthatGeorgia’sGovernorRoyBarnes____.

5.Ineyesofthewriter,thebestsolutiontothetrafficprobleminAtlantaseemstoliein____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobeironic

B.topokefuntothem

C.tobefair

D.tomakeitnotorious

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theconstructionofacommuterraillink.

B.Hissuccessinre-electioninNovember.

C.Theinitiationofshuttlebustransit.

D.Theallocationofmoneytowidenroads.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ThefederalhighwayfundswerelostundertheCleanAirAct.

B.Thecountygovernmentsshouldbecooperativeontrafficmatters.

C.Atlantansmustabandonbusesandtrainsandbuildmorehighways.

D.Atlantaleavesabadimpressiononvisitorsintermsofitstraffics.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.isintyrannouscontroloftheGRTAboard

B.cutsanimpressivenonconformistimage

C.isboundtowinthere-electioncomingup

D.channelspartoffundstohispersonalassets

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theenforcementoftrafficregulations

B.thechallengetoGovernorBarnes’sarrogance

C.theincreaseofcommuterandcartaxes

D.theimprovementofitspublic-transportsystems

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthor’spresentationofAtlantans’car-dependenceismeant____.作者對(duì)亞特蘭大人對(duì)汽車(chē)的依賴(lài)性的描述本意是____。

A.tobeironicA.諷刺的

B.topokefuntothemB.為了取笑他們

C.tobefairC.公平的

D.tomakeitnotoriousD.為了讓它臭名昭著

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第一段第二句“出于感情亞特蘭大人給他們的汽車(chē)起名字；通過(guò)比較超速罰單，他們小心地守住任何可以停車(chē)的小巷。（Atlantanssentimentallygivetheircarsnames;comparespeedingticketsandjealouslyguardanyside-streetwhereitispossibletopark.）”根據(jù)作者用sentimentally（多情地）和jealously（妒忌地；猜疑地）兩詞可以看出作者對(duì)亞特蘭大人對(duì)汽車(chē)依賴(lài)的描述是諷刺的。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C、D選項(xiàng)曲解作者意思，屬于曲解原文。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichofthefollowingisnotpartofthe“anti-sprawlmovement”asplannedbyGovernorRoyBarnes?以下哪項(xiàng)不是羅伊?巴恩斯州長(zhǎng)所計(jì)劃的“反蔓延運(yùn)動(dòng)”的一部分？

A.Theconstructionofacommuterraillink.A.通勤鐵路的建造。

B.Hissuccessinre-electioninNovember.B.他在11月成功連任。

C.Theinitiationofshuttlebustransit.C.啟動(dòng)穿梭巴士過(guò)境。

D.Theallocationofmoneytowidenroads.D.用于拓寬道路的撥款。

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到倒數(shù)第三段“這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃專(zhuān)門(mén)撥款拓寬道路（Theplanearmarksmoneytowidenroads）；有電動(dòng)穿梭巴士接送游客穿梭于巴克頭優(yōu)雅的別墅之間（tohaveanelectricshuttlebusshuttletouristsamongtheelegantvillasofBuckhead）；以及建立一條亞特蘭大和梅肯之間的通勤鐵路（createacommuterraillink）”。由此可知A、C、D選項(xiàng)均有提及，B選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提及，因此選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C、D選項(xiàng)均是計(jì)劃的一部分，屬于反向干擾。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetext?文中沒(méi)有提到下列哪項(xiàng)？

A.ThefederalhighwayfundswerelostundertheCleanAirAct.A.聯(lián)邦公路基金因《清潔空氣法》而損失。

B.Thecountygovernmentsshouldbecooperativeontrafficmatters.B.縣政府應(yīng)該在交通問(wèn)題上合作。

C.Atlantansmustabandonbusesandtrainsandbuildmorehighways.C.亞特蘭大人必須放棄公共汽車(chē)和火車(chē)，建造更多的高速公路。

D.Atlantaleavesabadimpressiononvisitorsintermsofitstraffics.D.亞特蘭大的交通給游客留下了不好的印象。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】文中第一段“1998年，13個(gè)大都會(huì)縣失去了聯(lián)邦公路基金，因?yàn)樗鼈兊目諝馕廴舅竭`反了《清潔空氣法》。（In1998,13metrocountieslostfederalhighwayfundsbecausetheirair-pollutionlevelsviolatedtheCleanAirAct.）”因此選項(xiàng)A提到了；文中第三段“為了贏回因《清潔空氣法》而損失的聯(lián)邦公路資金，他成立了佐治亞州區(qū)域運(yùn)輸局（GRTA），一個(gè)由15名成員組成的委員會(huì)，有權(quán)讓縣政府、市政府和10個(gè)縣的亞特蘭大區(qū)域委員會(huì)在運(yùn)輸計(jì)劃上進(jìn)行合作（thecityandtheten-countyAtlantaRegionalCommissioncooperateontransportplans），不管他們喜歡與否?！庇纱丝芍h政府在交通上合作，因此B選項(xiàng)提到了；文中第二段最后“鐵路現(xiàn)在服務(wù)于市中心和機(jī)場(chǎng)，但其他服務(wù)不多；公共汽車(chē)站通常靠近看不見(jiàn)的電線桿，沒(méi)有顯示哪輛公共汽車(chē)可能在那里停，或者什么時(shí)候停?！笨芍獊喬靥m大這些服務(wù)于公眾的交通并不完善，由此推斷會(huì)給游客留下不好印象。因此D選項(xiàng)可以推出。C選項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及。因此選C。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、B、D選項(xiàng)都提到了，C選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提及。A、B、D選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ItcanbelearntfromthetextthatGeorgia’sGovernorRoyBarnes____.從文中可以得知，喬治亞州州長(zhǎng)羅伊?巴恩斯____。

A.isintyrannouscontroloftheGRTAboardA.對(duì)GRTA董事會(huì)有著專(zhuān)橫的控制

B.cutsanimpressivenonconformistimageB.給人留下了不墨守成規(guī)的印象

C.isboundtowinthere-electioncomingupC.一定會(huì)贏得即將到來(lái)的連任

D.channelspartoffundstohispersonalassetsD.將部分資金用于個(gè)人資產(chǎn)

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到最后一段“由于他可以任命和解雇GRTA的成員，這可能就是故事的結(jié)局。巴恩斯先生總是想怎么做就怎么做（Mr.Barneshasatendencytodoashewants）。他在交通問(wèn)題上的傲慢也可能使他失去選票?！庇纱丝芍投魉瓜壬梢噪S意任命解雇成員，并且想怎么做就怎么做，由此可推斷他對(duì)GRTA有專(zhuān)橫的控制。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“給人留下了不墨守成規(guī)的印象”，文中沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“一定會(huì)贏得即將到來(lái)的連任”，文中提到“他在交通問(wèn)題上的傲慢也可能使他失去選票?！币虼怂灰欢苓B任，該選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“將部分資金用于個(gè)人資產(chǎn)”，文中沒(méi)有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Ineyesofthewriter,thebestsolutiontothetrafficprobleminAtlantaseemstoliein____.在作者看來(lái)，解決亞特蘭大交通問(wèn)題的最好辦法似乎在于____。

A.theenforcementoftrafficregulationsA.執(zhí)行交通規(guī)則

B.thechallengetoGovernorBarnes’sarroganceB.挑戰(zhàn)巴恩斯州長(zhǎng)的傲慢

C.theincreaseofcommuterandcartaxesC.提高通勤稅和汽車(chē)稅

D.theimprovementofitspublic-transportsystemsD.改善其公共交通系統(tǒng)

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段“其他處于同樣困境的城市已經(jīng)重組了高速公路，征收通勤稅和汽車(chē)稅，或者擴(kuò)大了公共交通系統(tǒng)（expandedtheirpublic-transportsystems）。亞特蘭大不喜歡這些東西。公共交通也是一個(gè)令人煩惱的話題。亞特蘭大大都會(huì)區(qū)分為許多縣政府和較小的市政府，發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣很難合作。鐵路現(xiàn)在服務(wù)于市中心和機(jī)場(chǎng)，但其他服務(wù)不多；公共汽車(chē)站通?？拷床灰?jiàn)的電線桿，沒(méi)有顯示哪輛公共汽車(chē)可能在那里停，或者什么時(shí)候停?！比缓笪闹兄v亞特蘭大各縣進(jìn)行交通方面的合作，GRTA撥款修建道路，建立鐵路通勤線。啟動(dòng)快速公交服務(wù)等等，這些都是在改善亞特蘭大的公共交通。因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“執(zhí)行交通規(guī)則”，文中沒(méi)有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“挑戰(zhàn)巴恩斯州長(zhǎng)的傲慢”，文中沒(méi)有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“提高通勤稅和汽車(chē)稅”，文中提到“其他處于同樣困境的城市已經(jīng)重組了高速公路，征收通勤稅和汽車(chē)稅，或者擴(kuò)大了公共交通系統(tǒng)”但是根據(jù)后文可知，亞特蘭大選擇改善公共交通而不是提高通勤稅和汽車(chē)稅，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

5.翻譯題

由于對(duì)急劇上漲的油價(jià)和氣候變化的日益擔(dān)心，生物燃料變成了綠色技術(shù)革命的先鋒，除了作為替代能源外，還希望它在此過(guò)程中減緩全球變暖趨勢(shì)。但是，近期的幾項(xiàng)研究表明，生物燃料不但沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)其提倡者的良好愿望，相反卻加劇了全球變暖，并還以拯救地球的名義危害著地球。的確，生物燃料在某種程度上減輕了人們對(duì)進(jìn)口石油的依賴(lài)，使某些農(nóng)民綜合企業(yè)致富的同時(shí)，也給農(nóng)民創(chuàng)造了就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。但是大多數(shù)生物燃料遇到的一個(gè)基本問(wèn)題實(shí)際上很簡(jiǎn)單：將土地用于生產(chǎn)生物燃料所需的作物，導(dǎo)致儲(chǔ)存了大量碳的森林、濕地和草地被毀，這是研究人員一直沒(méi)注意到的問(wèn)題.

【答案】Duetogrowingconcernsaboutclimatechangesandthesharpriseinoilprices,peoplehaveturnedbio-fuelsintothepioneerofgreentechnologyrevolution,whichisexpectedtoslowglobalwarmingintheprocessinadditiontobeinganalternativeenergysource.Butseveralrecentstudiessuggestedthatbio-fuelshaveworsenedglobalwarminginsteadoffulfillingthegoodwishesofitsadvocates,andarecontributingtoglobalwarmingandharmingtheplanetinthenameofsavingit.Indeed,bio-fuelshavereducedpeople'sdependenceonimportedoiltoacertainextentandcreatedemploymentopportunitiesforfarmerswhilemakingsomeruralcomprehensiveenterprisesrich.Butonefundamentalproblemthatmostbio-fuelsiscurrentlyencounteringisactuallyverysimple:theusageoflandforproducingcropsrequiredbybio-fuelshasleadedtodestructionsoflargeareasofforests,wetlandsandgrasslandswhichareusedtostorealotofcarbons.Andourresearchershavepaidnoattentiontothisproblem.

6.單選題

Tomdoesn’tthinkthatthe______situationhereisasgoodashishometown’s.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.economics

B.economic

C.economy

D.economical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)economics“n.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)；國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況”；B選項(xiàng)economic“adj.經(jīng)濟(jì)的，經(jīng)濟(jì)上的；經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的”；C選項(xiàng)economy“n.經(jīng)濟(jì)；節(jié)約；理財(cái)”；D選項(xiàng)economical“經(jīng)濟(jì)的；節(jié)約的；合算的”。economic用以指與貿(mào)易、工業(yè)或財(cái)富等有關(guān)的“經(jīng)濟(jì)上的”或“有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面”的意義，一般用作定語(yǔ)；economical則指與“節(jié)約”同義的“經(jīng)濟(jì)”，相當(dāng)于notwasteful，既可指人也可指物，既可作表語(yǔ)也可作定語(yǔ)。句意：湯姆認(rèn)為這里的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況不如家鄉(xiāng)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Insomewaystheyareamarketers’dream.Theyhavebillionsofdollarsindiscretionaryincome—andspendmostofit.Althoughtheirindividualpurchasesaresmall，theybuyregularly,oftenresponsetopeerpressure.Theyareheavilyinfluencedbythehoursoftelevisionadvertisingtheyseeeachweek.And，asaresultoftoday’ssmallerfamilies,andtheincreaseinthenumberoftwo-incomehouseholds,theyhavemoretosayaboutfamilydecisionsthaneverbefore.

“They”arechildren,ofcourse,agroupwhosespendinghabitsareattractingtheattentionofmoreandmoremarketers.Onerecentstudyestimatesthat:thethirtymillionU.S.children4to12yearsoldreceiveabout$4.7billionannuallyfromallowances,giftsandoddjobs.Ofthatamount,theyspendatotalof$4.2billioneachyearonsnacks($1.4billion),toysandgames($1.1billion),moviesandsports($771million),videogames($766million),andgifts($164million),engaginginsome280independentpurchasestransactionsannually.Childrenthirteentonineteenaccountforevengreateryearlyexpenditures:$30.5billionoftheirownmoney.

Butchildren’sfinancialmuscledoesnotendthere.Researchersestimatethatchildrendirectlyinfluencemore-than$40billioninadultpurchaseseachyear.ANickeldeonUSAToday/YankelovichYouthMonitorstudyfoundthatchildrenareextremelyawareofbrandandhaveconsiderableinputintotheirparents，selectionofapparel,cereal,snacks,cars,televisionsandpersonalcomputers.Manychildrenareinvolvedinactualhouseholdpurchasing,especiallyfood；inarecentTeenageResearchstudy,halftheteengirlssurveyedreportedshoppingforgroceriesatleastonceaweek.Recognizingthisindirectpurchasingpowerthatchildrenhave，agrowingnumberofmarketersareapproachingtheyouthdirectly.TheNationalDairyBoard,forexample,nowairsmilkcommercialswithyouthappeal,andProcter&GamblehasdevelopedCrestforKidstoothpaste.

Howdidchildrenacquiresuchbuyingclout?Researcherspointtoseveralfactors.Asthenumberofworkingcouplesandsingle-parenthouseholdsincreased,manyparentsshiftedcertainhouseholdresponsibilitiesontochildren’sshoulders.Thrustintoadultroles,childrenhaveendedupwithmoreinfluenceoverthefamily’spurchases,andtheyalsotendtospendincreasedamountsofmoneythemselves.Inaddition,manyolder,professionalcoupleshavefewerchildren.Theseparentscanaffordtolavishmoreontheirchildren,includingextraspendingmoneyforsuchitemsasFisher-PriceToys’$225children’scamcorderandtheMyFirstSonylineofelectronicsgearforchildren.Thebandwagoneffectisyetanotherfactor.Whenonemarketerbeginstofocusonchildren,competitorsfollowsuit,encouragingevenmorechildren’spurchases.McDonald’sCorp.,forexample,hasaimedadvertisementsforitshamburgers,mealkits,andpartiesatchildrenforyears；nowHardee’sFoodSystems,Inc,andWendy’sInternationalInc,aredoingthesame.

Astutemarketersrealizethatchildrenactuallyrepresentthreemarkets:currentconsumers,influentialconsumers,andfuturebuyers.Becausechildrenaresteadilydevelopingbrandawareness,andproductpreferencesthatsomedaywilltranslateintopurchasingdecisions,evencompaniesnotsellingyouthproductspersearebeginningtopayattentiontoselldirectlytochildren,realizingthat,outtheresomewhere,tomorrow’sbig-ticketcustomerisplayingvideogamestoday.

1.Thetopicofthisselectionis（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthisselection?

3.Fromthestatementthatchildren“havebillionsofdollarsindiscretionaryincome—andspendmostofit”，wecaninferthatchildren（）.

4.Abouttheirbuyingbehaviors,wecaninferthatchildrenare（）.

5.Wecaninferthatmarketersbelievechildrenwhodevelop“brandawareness”whentheyareyoungwill（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.marketingproducts

B.children’sspendingpatterns

C.doingsurveysofchildren

D.thebandwagoneffect

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Childrenhavemoretosayaboutfamilypurchasedecisionsthaneverbefore.

B.Childrenareimportantmembersofsociety.

C.Childrenhaveagooddealofpowerasbuyersandconsumers.

D.Marketersareovercomingtheirlackofinterestinsellingtochildren.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.havenosenseofvalueregardingmoney

B.shouldnotbegivensomuchmoneybytheirparents

C.misusethefinancialpowerplacedintheirhands

D.donotsavemuchoftheirownmoney

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.notinfluencedmuchbyadvertising

B.verymuchinfluencedbytheirfriends

C.notinfluencedbymilkcommercialswithyouthappeal

D.carefulaboutspendingonhamburgersandotherfastfoods

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.rejectthosebrandswhenbecomeadults

B.purchasevideogamesfortheirchildren

C.remainloyaltothosebrandsintoadulthood

D.spendtheirmoneywiselyandthoughtfullyasadults

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:文章第一二段提到兒童群體雖然不大，但是他們有一定的購(gòu)買(mǎi)能力；之后引用了一些兒童帶來(lái)的花費(fèi)的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明兒童是個(gè)很大的消費(fèi)群體。最后提到兒童代表著三個(gè)市場(chǎng)。從這些可知全文都是在講兒童的消費(fèi)問(wèn)題。所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第2題:文章主要探討兒童消費(fèi)問(wèn)題。出于很多原因，兒童已經(jīng)是一個(gè)具有很強(qiáng)購(gòu)買(mǎi)力的消費(fèi)者。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第3題:文章第一段提到孩子們有很多零花錢(qián)自己處理，但是他們?nèi)菀资艿诫娨晱V告的影響（Theyareheavilyinfluencedbythehoursoftelevisionadvertisingtheyseeeachweek），說(shuō)明他們的錢(qián)被亂用了，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第4題:文章第一段提到雖然兒童的購(gòu)買(mǎi)力不強(qiáng)，但是他們會(huì)受同伴的影響（Althoughtheirindividualpurchasesaresmall，theybuyregularly,oftenresponsetopeerpressure）。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第5題:文章最后一段提到商家們認(rèn)為兒童代表三個(gè)市場(chǎng)：currentconsumers,influentialconsumers,andfuturebuyers。孩子們的品牌意識(shí)和產(chǎn)品偏好正穩(wěn)定發(fā)展，總有一天會(huì)形成購(gòu)買(mǎi)力。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.單選題

Theabilitytofocusattentiononimportantthingsisa（）characteristicofintelligence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.declining

B.defining

C.deceiving

D.defending

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)declining“下滑的；衰退的；傾斜的”；B選項(xiàng)defining“最典型的；起決定性作用的”；C選項(xiàng)deceiving“欺騙性的”；D選項(xiàng)defending“防守型的”。句意：把注意力集中在重要事情上的能力是智慧的一個(gè)（）特征。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，defining“最典型的”和intelligence“智慧”搭配比較合理。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

Fortoolong,asmallgroupinourCapitalhasreapedtherewardsofgovernmentwhilethepeoplehavebornethecost.Washingtonflourished,butthepeopledidnotshareinitswealth.Politiciansprospered,butthejobsleft,andthefactoriesclosed.Theirvictorieshavenotbeenyourvictories;theirtriumphshavenotbeenyourtriumphs;andwhiletheycelebratedinourCapital,therewaslittletocelebrateforstrugglingfamiliesallacrossourland.

【答案】長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，我們首都的一小部分人攫取了政府的利益，而代價(jià)卻由人民來(lái)承擔(dān)。華盛頓欣欣向榮，人民卻沒(méi)有分享到財(cái)富。政客們興旺發(fā)達(dá)，工作機(jī)會(huì)卻越來(lái)越少，工廠紛紛倒閉。他們的勝利不是你們的勝利；他們的成功不是你們的成功；當(dāng)他們?cè)谖覀兊氖锥細(xì)g呼慶祝時(shí)，這片土地上無(wú)數(shù)掙扎的家庭卻沒(méi)有什么值得慶祝的。

10.單選題

Nancycomplainedaboutthe（

）airconditionersheboughtfromthedepartmentstore.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inefficient

B.deficient

C.ineffective

D.defective

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。inefficient意為“無(wú)效率的，無(wú)能的”；deficient意為“不足的，缺乏的”；ineffective意為“無(wú)效果的”；defective意為“有缺陷的”。

句意：南希抱怨她從百貨公司買(mǎi)這臺(tái)有缺陷的空調(diào)。

11.單選題

Seariseasaconsequenceofglobalwarmingwouldimmediatelythreatenthatlargefractionoftheglobelivingatthesealevel.Nearlyone-thirdofallhumanbeingslivewithin36milesofacoastline.Mostoftheworld’sgreatseaportcitieswouldbe（1）:NewOrleans,Amsterdam,Shanghai,andCairo.Somecountries—MaldivesIslandsintheIndianOcean,islandsinthePacific—wouldbeinundated.HeavilypopulatedcoastalareassuchasinBangladeshandEgypt,（2）largepopulationsoccupylow-lyingareas,wouldsufferextreme（3）.

Warmeroceanswouldspawnstrongerhurricanesandtyphoons,（4）incoastalflooding,possiblyswampingvaluableagriculturallandsaroundtheworld.（5）waterqualitymayresultas（6）floodingwhichforcessaltwaterintocoastalirrigationanddrinkingwatersupplies,andirreplaceable,natural（7）couldbefloodedwithoceanwater,destroyingforevermanyofthe（8）plantandanimalspecieslivingthere.

Foodsuppliesandforestswouldbe（9）affected.Changesinrainfallpatternswoulddisruptagriculture.Warmertemperatureswould（10）grain-growingregionspole-wards.Thewarmingwouldalsoincreaseandchangethepestplants,suchasweedsandtheinsects（11）thecrops.

Humanhealthwouldalsobeaffected.Warmingcould（12）tropicalclimatebringingwithityellowfever,malaria,andotherdiseases.Heatstressandheatmortalitycouldrise.Theharmful（13）oflocalizedurbanairpollutionwouldverylikelybemoreseriousinwarmer（14）.Therewillbesome（15）fromwarming.Newsea-laneswillopenintheArctic,longergrowingseasonsfurthernorthwill（16）newagriculturallands,andwarmertemperaturewillmakesome