修改版高級語法教材

第一章征服時態(tài)難點用法!WarmingupexercisesHelenherkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusbandhome.A.hasLeft;comesB.Left;hadcomeC.hadLeft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcomeSheoughttostopwork;shehasaheadachebecauseshetootong.A.hasbeenreadingB.hadreadC.isreading D.readEversincePicasso'spaintingswentonexhibit,therelargecrowdsatthemuseumeveryday.A.isB.areChasbeenD.havebeenTherewasaknockatthedoor.Itwasthesecondtimesomeonemethatevening.A.wasinterruptingB.interruptedC.hasinterruptedD.hadinterruptedItwas序數(shù)詞/最高級+haddoneItis序數(shù)詞/最高級+havedoneWewillwaittillyouyourmind.A.havemadeupB.hadmadeupC.willmakeupD.willhavemadeup第一節(jié)英語一般時態(tài)特殊用法ー、一般現(xiàn)在時特殊用法一）一般現(xiàn)在時用于下列場合時,可表示將來發(fā)生的動作。1條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來動作。WaithereuntilITheywillnotWaithereuntilITheywillnotshewillnotgowithUSifitraintomorrow.leaveuntilshecomesback.條件 時間2.當談論已經(jīng)確定了的計劃和安排（如日歷上或時間安排表上的事件）,常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來動作。

NextTuesdayismybirthday,onOctober5th.ThenextmeetingofthecommitteeisNextTuesdayismybirthday,onOctober5th.ThenextmeetingofthecommitteeisTheirplanearrivesat5o'clockinthemorning.二）當引用書刊,報紙,通知的內(nèi)容或名人名言時,用一般現(xiàn)在時: Whatdoesthenoticesay? Itsays,'Noparking.'Shakespearesays,"Neitheraborrowernoralenderbe."三）一般現(xiàn)在時還可用來指剛剛過去的一次性動作。這樣用的動詞主要有tell,find,hear,learn,read,announce等;用的場合有限,可用于報紙或圖畫的標題。Marytellsmeyouareill.abroad.ChancellorAnnouncesToughBudget.Marytellsmeyouareill.abroad.ChancellorAnnouncesToughBudget.四）表示陳述和聲明 .Ihopeyoumakeit.Isupposesheactsasamoviestar.二、一般過去時特殊用法一）一般過去時可用來表示過去將來。Ihearthathehasgoneassumeheisright.Ibetitrainstomorrow.在表示時間或條件等的狀語從句中代替過去將來時。Theysaidwewouldgotothecountrysideifitwasfinethenextday,.Sheaskedmetowaitthereuntilhecalledme..ShetoldmethatshewouldnotgowithUSifitminedthenextday. Theywouldnotleaveuntilshecameback.二）在口語中,一般過去時可用來代替一般現(xiàn)在時,使語氣變得婉轉(zhuǎn)ー些,更顯禮貌。（口語語法）Couldyoulendmeyourbicycle?Wouldyoulikesomemorecoffee?三）在談到已亡故的人的情況時,多用過去時。Hisfatherwasascientist.Hisfatherisascientist. Whoisthewomaninthepicture? Shewasmymother.四）用于虛擬語氣三、一般將來時的特殊用法一）begoingto或will/shall表達之外,還可以用以ド結構表達。一）be+todo1、表示按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事;Heistobemarriednextmonth. ThisroadistobeopenedonMayDay,①此類結構常見于報紙和廣播,用以宣布官方的計劃或決定;ThePresidentistovisitBritainnextmonth.TheQueenistospeakontelevisiontonight.②如果不是人所能安排的動作,就不能用此句型表示將要發(fā)生。1supposewewillalldieeventually.（正） Isupposewearealltodie.（誤）（二）beabout+todo意思是“正要”“馬上就要”做某事,；句中一般不用表將來時間的狀語。Hewasabouttogotobed,whenthedoorbellrang.Thespeechisabouttobegin.意思是“不愿意…”: Heisnotabouttotalkwithyou.（=Heisnotwillingtodo.）（二ノbeonthepointof+doing此結構與意思相同,在時間感上比后者還要快。Theyareonthepointofgoingout.（=Theyare）四、過去將來時should/woulddo 表示從過去某時看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。Hesaidhewouldcomebackthenextday.Ourcomputerwasbrokenandwehopedthenewonewouldarrivesoon.Hewassurethatthemedicaltestswouldshowthathewashealthy.第二節(jié)完成時態(tài)完成時態(tài)主要分為現(xiàn)在完成時,過去完成時,將來完成時,過去將來完成時.

構成:完成時態(tài)由助動詞have+動詞過去分詞構成.不同的時態(tài)通過have的詞形變化來體現(xiàn)。ー、havebeen/done（一）基本用法:時態(tài)功能時間狀語注意事項現(xiàn)在完成時過去動作一對現(xiàn)在有影響。不確定時間already,yet,just,lately,recently,ever,never,before等短暫動詞或位置轉(zhuǎn)換的動詞（非延續(xù)性動詞）過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。與段時間。for+時間段以及since+時間點。eversince,sofar,uptillnow,uptothepresent,recently,lately,thesedays,allthisyear,allmylife,inthelast/pastfewyears,延續(xù)性動詞,現(xiàn)在完成時的特殊用法:在下列句型中▲This/Itisthefirsttimethat——ThisisthefirsttimeFvedrivenacar.——Johnisphoninghisgirlfriendagain.That'sthethirdtimehe'sphonedherthisevening.▲This/Itisthebest/worst/mostinteresting+名詞+that…Thisisthemostinterestingnovelthathehaseverwritten.ItisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.與時間狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)化1 〇Itisuselesstotrytotalktohim.Hehasjustfainted.Hecan7enterfortheracebecausehehasbrokenhisles-表示短暫動作或位置轉(zhuǎn)換的動詞（非延續(xù)性動詞）arrive,leave,go,come,begin,start,become,join,die,wake,faint,fail,lose,win,finish,refuse,marry,divorce,buy,borrow,lend,break,shut,turn等。【特別提醒】:① ② 【例句】:他已經(jīng)回來三周了。2、 Sofar,1haven'tgotanythingfrommyfather.Thishousehasbelongedtomyfamilyforoverfortyyears.We'veknowneachotherforalongtime.【難點釋疑:現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別★現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)一般過去時?Tomhaslosthiskey.Hecan'tsetintothehouse.TomLosthiskeyyesterday.Hecouldn'tgetintothehouse.SShakespearewrotemanyplays.Mybrotherisawriter.Hehaswrittenmanybooks.★現(xiàn)在完成時用于提供新的信息或告知最近發(fā)生的事情;但如果繼續(xù)談下去,一般需使用一般過去時。?A：Look!Somebodyhasspiltmilkonthecarpet.B：Well,itwasn'tme.1didn'tdoit.A：1wonderwhoitwasthen.?"TheUSspaceshuttlehasreturnedsafelytoearth.ItlandedinFloridathismorning ”（新聞報道）——ヽhadbeen/done時功能時間狀語注意事項

態(tài)過去完成時±-個作某體間前經(jīng)成動情生過某動或具時之已發(fā)完的作或況when,after,assoonas,bythetime等連詞連用。HefeltaLittledownafterhisdaughterhadfailedherEnglishexamination.WeclearedupassoonasourguesthadLeft.BythetimeIrecoveredfromtheshock〇hehaddisappeared.already,ever,for+俵時間應的詞），since+（表時間點的詞）,just,never,beforeThedoctorarrivedquickly,butthepatienthadalreadydied.Shesaidsheandherhusbandhadworkedheresince1967.過去完成時的特殊用法主句中用nosooner',?thanhardly/scarcelywhen句型從句常用一般過去時。把nosooner,hardly或scarcely置于主句句首時主句須用倒裝語序。Hehadhardlyhadtimetosettledownwhenheleftthecountry.Hardlyhadhehadtimetosettledownwhen Nosoonerhadhereachedhomethanthetelephonerang.Haddonetodo可表示“過去未曾實現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖”，只適用于下列動詞,hope,intend,plan,mean,want,think,Ihadintendedtospeak,but1madenopreparation.Ihadwantedtohelpyou.butIhadnotimethen.expect,suppose〇It/thatwasthefirst/secondtimethat中用過完時ThatwasthethirdtimethatIhadvisitedtheplace.★現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)在過去某個動作或過去某具體時間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生、完成的動作或情況。一般過去時講述過去發(fā)生的動作;二戰(zhàn)前,我弟弟已經(jīng)來到歐洲當我從震驚中恢復過來,那賊已經(jīng)消失了。比較：SA：WasTomatthepartywhenyouarrived?B：No,hehadalreadygonehome.?A：WasTomatthepartywhenyouarrived?B：Yes.buthewenthomesoonafterwards.二、shall/willhave+done1、表示 或 已經(jīng)完成的動作,常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。Pickmeupat8o'clock.1willhavehadmybathbythen.WillyouhavereadthenovelbyFridayatlatest.2、表示 動作或狀態(tài)。HewillhavebeenhereforalmostfouryearsbynextMonday.Annwillhaveplayedwiththecatfortwohoursbyfiveo'clockthisafternoon.四、should/wouldhave+done美國英語習慣上所有人稱都用would表示從 看將來某時之前已經(jīng)完成的動祚。常和表示過去將來的時間狀語連用。HetoldmethathewouldhavefinisheditbeforeIcameback.Hesaidthatthemoviestarswouldhavearrivedbyseveno'clock.【難點釋疑】:時間和條件狀語從句中,過去將來完成時要用“”代替,正如用“現(xiàn)在時”代替“將來時”ー樣。Thewaiterdecidedtowaituntilthey(get)everythingready.Shethoughtshewouldphonethemwhenshe(arrive)第三節(jié)完成進行時【一點通】:現(xiàn)在完成進行時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別★ 表示一個暫時的、未完成的動作,強調(diào)活動的延續(xù)性; 表示一個剛剛完成的動作或某個過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響,強調(diào)活動的結果。Ihavethoughtitoven Ihavebeentninkingitover.Ihavepaintedthreeroomssincebreakfast.Ihavebeenpaintingthehouseallthemorning.★現(xiàn)在完成時可以表示一個動作的總和,而現(xiàn)在完成進行時卻不可以。Ihaveread200pages.【一點通】:過去完成進行時與過去完成時的區(qū)別【一點通】:將來完成進行時與將來完成時的區(qū)別★強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性時,要用將來完成進行時;強調(diào)動作的結果時,要用將來完成時。ー、現(xiàn)在完成進行時have/hasbeendoingTheyhavebeenworkingallthemorning.:表示從過去某ー時間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作,并有可能持續(xù)下去。I'vebeenwaitingforanhourbutshestillhasn'tcome.Tomisill,andhehasbeenlyinginthebedforthreeweeks.【難點釋疑】:用于延續(xù)性動詞,如:wait,lie,live,study,work,sit^?它所表示的動作可能一直持續(xù)到說話時為止,或可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。時間狀語:since或for引導的從句或短語,一些強調(diào)動作持續(xù)進行的時間狀語,如:allthetime,allthemorning,allnight,thisweek,recently等。:現(xiàn)在完成進行時還可以表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的重復性動作。Thecompanyhasbeenpromisingariseinsalaryforages,butnothinghashappenedyet.We'vebeendiscussingthematterthisyear.二、過去完成進行時hadbeendoing 之前一直在進行的動作;動作可能延續(xù)下去。必須以ー過去時間為前提。Ihadbeenspeakingtohimforsometimebefore1realizedwhohewas.Theyhadonlybeentalkingforfiveminuteswhenastrangersteppedin.Hehadreadthirtytravelbooks.Hehadbeensavinghard.三、將來完成進行時shall/willhavebeendoing功能: 之前一直進行的動作。常同表示將來某ー時間的狀語連用。WewillhavebeenlearningEnglishforamonthbytheendofthisyear.Iwillgraduatethissummer.I'llhavebeenstudyingintheuniversityforfouryears.Bytheendofthismonth,hewillhavebeentraininghorsesfortwentyyears.Bytheendofthismonth,hewillhavetrained600horses.四、過去將來完成進行時should/wouldhavebeen+現(xiàn)在分詞表示從 未來某時以前會一直持續(xù)的動作。Hetoldmethatbytheendofthisyearhewouldhavebeenteachinghereforfortyyears.英語重難點時態(tài)練習!用括號中動詞的適當形式完成下列句子:BeforeJane(go)tobedlatertonight,she(write)alettertoherboyfriend.IfI(see)Tomtomorrow,I(tell)himaboutthemeeting.Tomwillgotocortegewhenhe(leave)middleschool.Heaskedwho(sing)attheconcertthenextevening.Bythetimehegottoschool,mostofthestudents(arrive).BythistimetomorrowI(finish)thetask.He(live)therefor20yearsbeforehe(decide)tomove.Maryalwayshasatotofletterstowrite.She(write)lettersallafternoonand(notofinish)yet.Wejust(have)ourbreakfastwhenanoldmancametothedoor.I(speak)tohimforsometimebeforeIrealizedwhohewas.Don'tphonemebetween7and8.We(have)dinnerthen.Phonemeafternoon8o'crock.We(finish)dinnerbythen.13.IdidGermanatschoolbutI(forget)mostofit〇14.ImeanttophoneDianelastnightbutI(forget).15.Ilikeyourcar.Howlong(you/have)it?n選擇填空:Hardlywhenitbegantosnow.A.hadwestartedB.wehadstartedC.westartedD.westart部分倒裝句公式標志詞+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+S+V+其他Weourdinnerwhenthedoorbellrang.A.justhavehadB.havejusthadC.justhad D.hadjusthadIdecidedtogotothelibraryassoonasI.A.finishmyworkB.willfinishmyworkC.finishedmyworkD.wouldfinishmywork1will2shall3begoingto4betodo5beaboutto6todo7情態(tài)動詞8祈使句9bedoing表示將來10主將從現(xiàn)ー從句Watertheseflowers.Look,theysoon.A.aredied B.woulddieC.aredying D.willdiearrivedthanitbegantorain.A.AssoonashehadB.WhenhehadC.NosoonerhasheD.NosoonerhadheManyastudenttohaveatongrest.A.arehoped B.hashopedC.ishopingD.ishopedInthe19thcentury,itwasthemosthandsomecarthat.A.waseverbuiltB.hadeverbeenbuilt C.haseverbuilt D.haseverbeenbuiltThegirlevenwon'thaveherLunchbeforesheherhomework.A.willfinishB.finishesC.finishedD.hadfinishedTheSpringFestivalnextmonth.Whatareyougoingtodo?A.comeB.iscomingC.hascomeD.willbecomeIthoughtheonadiet.A.isB.hasbeenC.wasD.willbeTOmdiedlastsummer.Tomalwaysreadingpoemstohisfamily.A.likedB.1汰eC.waslikingD.likes2.Heopensthedoorsothathisgueststheroom.A.enterB.enteredC.canenterD.couldenter3.Bythetimeyoureadthisarticletomorrowevening,weforLondon.A.willleaveB.shallhaveleftC.amleavingD.havealreadylefthaddonewillhavedonehaddonewillhavedone4.Italmosteverydaysofarthismonth〇A.israiningB.rainedC.rains D.hasbeenraining5.Shethoughtshewouldvisithisteacherwhensheinthecity.A.couldhavearrivedB.hadarrivedC.havebeenarrivingD.wouldhavearrivedin改正下列句子的錯誤:一MyfriendswillmeetmewhenIwillarriveattheairportTOC\o"1-5"\h\zAB CDNosoonerhadshegonetobedwhenthedoorbellrangloudenoughtowakethedead.DWhenthepolicemanfoundthebodyofthatgirt,shehaddiedforabouttwodays.A BCDMarydidn'tsaythatshewillbringthebooksheretomorrow,didshe?ABC DTheyweresweatingalloverbecausetheywereplayingfootballforovertwohours.A B C DItismidnight.Ihadbeenstudyingforfivehours.NowonderI'mgettingtired.AB C DIlitupatsevenyesterday.I^wasthefirstcigaretteIsmokedthatday.A B CDSinceIhadbeenespeciallyinvitedtospeak,itisquiterudeofyounowtotellmethatIcannot.Whenheretires>ProfessorJoneswillbeleachinghereforoverthirtyyears,butA B Chisclassesareneverdull.D第二章征服定語從句難點!warmingupisoftenthecasewithanewidea,muchpreliminaryactivityandoptimisticdiscussionproducenoconcreteproposals.A.ThatB.ItC.WhichD.As,Hehasmadeanotherbreakthroughinnanotechnology,ofgreatimportancetothecompany.A.IthinkwhichisB.whichIthinkisC.whichIthinkisD.aboutwhichIthinkitisWithofficesbecomingmoreandmoremechanized,thereisnoproblemcanbefixedinafewhours.A.whichB.thatC.butD.whatThetrafficmightbeverybusynow,wemaybeconsiderablydelayed.A.inthiscaseB.inthatcaseC.inwhichcaseD.ifthatiscaseThehoursthechildrenspendintheironewayrelationwithtelevisionpeopleundoubtedlyaffecttheirrelationshipwithreal-people.A.jnwhichB.onwhichC.whenD.thatー多重定語從句定語從句中一個先行詞有兩個或更多的定語從句修飾,叫做多重定語從句。多個定語從句并列修飾同一個先行詞ThisisthehouseinwhichthegreatPekingoperasingerLivedandwhichyouvisitedtenyearsagoandwhichbecomesamuseum.MrSmith,whoiswellversedinLatinandEnglishbutwhodoesn'tknowChinese,finditdifficulttostudyChineseLiterature.Theownerofthehouse,whosewifeisdead,whosesonworksinNewYorkandwhowantstogoandLivewithhim,iswillingtosellthehouseatreducedprice.二復合定語從句（插入語）復合定語從句即在定語從句關系詞后加上“主語+發(fā)表意見或看法的動詞”的結構。Shehadabookwhichshebelivedwasboughtbyhisfatheratadearprice.Inthispartofthecave,theycouldhearaninsistentboomingsoundwhichtheyfoundwascausedbyasmallwaterspoutshootingdownintoapoolfromtheroofofthecave.（NECLesson42）MedicalexpertsarenowracingagainsttimetofindacureforSARSwhichWHOfearmayspreadtoevenmorecountries.三As引導的定語從句一）As引導的限制性定語從句出現(xiàn)在such…as,thesame…as等固定結構中.Heisonlyconcernedwithsuchthingsashaveadirectbearingonhislife.Suchinnsasthereweregenerallypoor.ThisisthesamesumaswasspentonCDslastyear.Isthisthesamemosquitoas/thatbityoujustnow?（在thesame…as中，as可被that替代）Johnworksinthesamefactoryas/thatMarydoes.二）As單獨引導的定語從句,as主要引導主句全句或其一部分為先行詞的非限制性的定從。As"正如"的意思。Hewaslateforschool,aswasusualwithhim〇Wehavelaunchedanotherdigitalcamera,asyoumayhavealreadyseenfromothersources.Itwas,ashetateradmitted,astupidthingtodo.Asisknowntoall,TaiwanisanintegralpartofChina.四But引導的定語從句,主句部分多否定的therebe,止匕時but相當于that…not,which…not或wh〇…not.Thereisnorulebuthasexception.（but=thathasno）沒有哪種規(guī)則沒有例外。InChina,thereisnobodybutknowtheGreatWatt.Therewasnotasinglepersonbutthoughtyouwerelucky.大家試著造ー個句子:沒有人不欣賞你的外貌的。五介詞+which/whom+todo省略結構當定語從句已介詞+which/whom引導時,并且主語已在上文出現(xiàn)或可從上下文推出,且謂語部分使用情態(tài)動詞時,則可以將定語從句的謂語部分省略為不定式.Ourchildrenneedsagardeninwhichtorunaboutandplay,(inwhichtheycanrunaboutandplay)SomepeopletrytogetacquaintedwithforeignerswithwhomtopracticeEnglish,(withwhomtheycanpracticeEnglish)Thereiswiderangeofgoodsfromwhichtochoose,(fromwhichtheycanchoose)練習A.選擇填空Therewasaseverestorm,causedconsiderabledelayinshipment.A.whichB.asC.whatDandAsolardayisthelengthoftimetheEarthtorevolveoncearoundthesun.A.takesB.takesitC.ittakesD.hetakesTheprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgroundshisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.A.tobebasedonB.whichtobaseonC.tobaseonD.onwhichtobaseThereisnorulebutexception.A.haveB.hadC.havingD.hasThisisanexcitingareaofstudy,andonewhichnewapplicationsarebeingdiscoveredalmostdaily.A.fromB.byC.inD.throughB.改錯,在下面的每個句子中都有一個錯誤,請指出并改正。Weweretoldthatwemightbeheldresponsibleforanythingwhichwedidduringourstaythere.TherateswhichChina'seconomyhasbeengrowinginthepasttwodecadesarenothinglessthanphenomenal.Fosteringmarkettransactionsrequiresalegalframeworkprovidesforclarityandenforcementofpropertyrights,andtheexerciseofthoserightsthroughenforceablecontracts.Thebroaddirectionforthereformisthatcriteriaforstudentselectionbeincreasinglymeritbased,andthesocialconstituencyfromthattheyweredrawnbefurtherwidened.In1776〇AdamSmithpublishedaclassicaleconomicsdoctrine,TheWealthofNations,whichhearguedtheeconomicadvantagesthatorganizationsandsocietywouldgainfromthedivisionoflabor,thebreakdownofjobsintonarrowandrepetitivetasks.第三章征服名詞從句難點!WarmingupexercisesSometimesweareaskedwethinktheLikeLyresultofanactionwillbe.AthatB.whatCifD.whetherThereasonEinsteinleftGermanytoAmericaisA.becauseHitlerpersecutedtheJews B.sinceHitterpersecutedtheJewsConaccountofthefactthatHitlerpersecutedtheJewsD.thatHitlerpersecutedtheJewscollegestudentsshouldLearnmoreaboutChinesehistory.A.1considerimportantthatB.IconsideritimportantC.1considerwhatisimportantD.IconsideritimportantthatThereissomeevidencedishonestymayebbandflow.A.whyB.howC.whenD.thatThequestioniscanbeputintopractice.A.howyouhavelearnedBhowwhatyouhaveLearnedCthatwhyyouhaveLearnedD.howthatyouhaveLearnedー、定義在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句。相當于名詞詞組。復合句中能擔任主語/賓語/表語/同位語/介賓二、功能

根據(jù)名詞從句在句中不同的語法功能,名詞從句叉可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞從句主語從句

賓語從句

表語從句同位語從句AppositiveClauseSubjectClauseObjectClausePredicativeClause名詞從句主語從句

賓語從句

表語從句同位語從句AppositiveClause三、連接詞分類:與漢語不一樣,英語ー個句子不能直接作主語,必須加上合適的引導詞。名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類?！総hat類連接詞］ 【連接代詞】 【連接副詞］: 主語從句ー、理解:主語從句就是在ー個句子里充當主語的句子。二、usage1、由連接詞引導的主語從句。Thathesurvivedtheearthquakeisamiracle.Whetherheagreestotheplanornotmakesnodifference（沒有影響）。Whateverisworthdoingshouldbedonewell.Whathesaidonthatoccasiongreatlyshockedme.Thathewillgoabroadtotakeadvancedstudyseemsunlikely,F.ThatBilldivorcedJulietisnotsurprising.2、主語從句后置主語從句作用it作形式主語,而主語從句本身置于謂語動詞之后,常見的結構有:用it作形式主語的that從句有以下四種不同的搭配關系:It+be+形容詞+that—從句有必要 重要的是 很明顯……奇怪的是 可能的是 誠然lt+be+-ed分詞+that-從句人們相信 從所周知 已決定 必須指出的是…… 有待討論的是……據(jù)說……C.It+be+名詞+that-從句是常識 令人驚奇的是…遺憾的是……不足為奇的是…… 讓人神秘不解的是……d.It+不及物動詞+that一分句碰巧…… 我突然想起…… 結果是ー-好像l)ItisatittleknownfactthattherewerealreadyhalfamillionGermansinAmericaatthetimeoftheAmericanRevolution.2)Ithasbeendecidedthatthebookberevised.3)Itisquiteevidentthatastormiscoming.4)ltisdeartomethatheisnotaliarbutatruthseeker賓語從句一Usage一)用作某些動詞賓語:1、動詞后由that引導賓語從句。l)Headmittedthathehadcheated2)Theboydreamedthathewasflyingtotheouterspace.3)Theplayersbelievedthattheywouldwinthegamesoonerorlater(遲早).【金牌要點】在suggest,desire,demand,order表示"建議""命令"''要求"等詞后賓語從句用shoulddo或do.Jimsuggestedthatwe(should)takeavacationinHawaiiduringthesummer.Theydemandedthattheforeigndiplomats(should)leavethecountrywithin12hours.Themanagerorderedthattheplan(should)bedevisedatonce.常見接that引導的賓語從句的動詞有:admit,agree,answer,believe,complain,confess,decide,declare,deny,dream,expect,explain,hear,hope,imagine,intend,insist,mean,notice,order,propose,remember,reply,request,require,say,see,suggest,think,wish2、動詞后what,when,how,which,why,whether(if)等引導的賓語從句Hewonderedifthewordwasmisspelt.A.下列動詞常跟what,whether/if引導的賓語從句:advise,ask,discover,discuss,doubt,findout,imagine,inform,inquire,know,question,show,tell,understand,wonder等。B.動詞+間接賓語+賓語從句有些賓語從句前可有一個間接賓語(指人),這個間接賓語有的可省,有的則不能省。Hehasinformedmewhentheyaretosolvetheproblem,(me不可省)Mikepromised(us)thathewouldofferusmorehelplateron.【重點】:總類動詞常見有:advise,ask,assure,inform,promise,question,remind,show,teach,tell,warn3、作介詞的賓語,但大部分介詞后不能再加that.(重點加難點)Whetherhecansucceeddependsonhowwellheoperates..Whetherwefindajokefunnyornotlargelydependsonwherewehavebeenbroughtup.HewasnotconsciousofwhatabiRmistakehehadmade.【特別注意】:只在in,but,except,save,besides,beyond,等少數(shù)幾個介詞后可用加that引導的賓語從句,這種用法已形成固定搭配,即:inthat在于(因為) butthat要不是…(只是…)except/save/beyond/besidesthat除THefailedtoarriveattheairportpunctuallyinthathehadsufferedaterribletrafficjam.Theessaywasperfectexceptthatthereweresomemisprints.Sheknewnothingbesidesthathewassuchabore.Hewasatalosswhattodobeyondthatthesituationdemandedsomethingromantic.ButthatIsawitIcouldnothavebelievedit.Therewasnotasoundsavethatfromtimetotimeachildcried4、置于某些形容詞后,作形容詞的賓語WearefullyconvincedthatJohnwasthewinnerOfthespeechcontest.Iamafraid（that）you'vemisunderstoodyourboss..Wearenotsurewhether,（if）wecanpersuadehimoutofsmoking..【重點】:that引導的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語:ashamed,anxious,aware,annoyed,certain,confident,convinced,disappointed,determined,glad,proud,pleased,satisfied,surprised,sorry,thankful,worried等。5、動詞+it+that結構用it作形式賓語,把作為真正賓語的that從句放在句尾.Weconsideritabsolutelynecessarythatweshouldcarryonthenewly-devisedpolicy..Hehasmadeitclearthathewillneverforgiveus.6、不以that從句作直接賓語的動詞（中國學生常犯此類錯誤）有些動詞不能用that從句作直接賓語,不用于“動詞+間接賓語+that從句”結構。【記憶エ常見的這類動詞:envy,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,advise,congratulate等。Ienvyhisbeingsopopular.（正） Ienvyhimthatheissopopular.（誤）Sheforgavehimforbreachinghispromise（hisbreaking）（正）Sheforgavehimthathehadbreachedhispromise（誤）Heimpressedthemanagerasanfairman.（正） Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanfairman.（誤）7、否定轉(zhuǎn)移:1don'tthinkheisrightー否定主句還是否定從句（?？碱},請注意）think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等動詞后賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中,即主句的謂語動詞用否定式,而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。Idon'tthinkhisdecisioniswiseinreality. Idon'tbelievehewillcome.我相信他不回來【一點通】:若謂語動詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。例如:Ihopeyouarenotforcedtodothat表語從句一般結構是-主語+連系動詞+表語從句”。引導表語從句的that?？墒÷?。Thetruthisthathetacksthedecisivenesstobeareader.Myopinionisthatwetaketheinitiativeintoourownhands.WhatIdislikeaboutthedearisthatitisrealtydishonest.同位語從句一＞理解同位語從句,對某此名詞做進ー步的解釋的句子。I'mgreatlyshockedwhenIheardthenewsthathisfatherpassedawayyesterday.二、構成1、同位語一般由that或者連接代詞（which,who,what）＞連接副詞（when,where,why,how或whether弓I導〇1havenoideahowIcanmakemyselfunderstood.Thenewsthatweareinvitedtotheseminarisveryencouraging.Therearosethequestionwhenwecouldacnieveourpurpose.Ilenthimmycaronconditionthathewouldreturnitbeforetheweekend.Einsteincametotheconclusionthatthemaximumspeedpossibleintheuniverseisthatoflight. 愛因斯坦得出的結論是,宇宙中的最大速度是光速。2、經(jīng)常接同位語從句的名詞：belief相信,fact事實,hope希望,idea想法,doubt懷疑，news消息,rumor

傳聞,conclusion結論,evidence證據(jù)suggestion建議,problem問題,order命令,answer答,decision決疋,discovery發(fā)現(xiàn),information消息,opinion觀點,possibility,principle原貝リ,truth真理,promise許諾,report報告,thought思想,statement聲明等。3、常用于同位語從句的結構:onConditionthatonConditionthat以…為條件是ontheunderstandingthat條件withtheexceptionthat除Jinspiteofthefactthat盡管…onthesuppositionthatwiththeexceptionthat除Jinspiteofthefactthat盡管…ontheground(s)that原因是的事實ontheassumptionthat基于，??的假設Heresignedontheground(s)thathishearthisfalling.TheyreachedanmergeragreementontheunderstandingthatbothpartieswillbecommittedtoexpandingthemarketshareofthecompanyinEurope.三、特殊用法為了使句型平衡不至于頭重腳輕,有時同位語從句與所聯(lián)系的詞中間被別的詞分隔開或放到句子的末尾1Anideacametoherthatshemighttryanotherway.2HegotamessagefromMr.Johnsonthattheappointmentwascancelled..3WhenreportcameintoLondonZoothatawildpumawasspottedforty-fivemitessouthofLondon,theywerenottakenseriously.四、同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別先行詞不同從句表達作用不同先行詞是否在從句中做成份引導詞イ、同定語從句n/pron/一部分/整個句子對先行詞進行限定和修飾;ー個大的形容詞MustHow/whether/what不可同位語從句可解釋的有一定內(nèi)對先行詞的進ー步說明和解釋;等同NeverHow/whether/what可以涵的抽象名詞于先詞;大名詞that引導的兩從句的不同定語從(S/り,thatイ同位語充當句中任句中的that代替先彳乍賓語時?？墒÷詮木渲衪hat是連詞,何成分『詞,同時〕只起連接主て在句中作某個成分句和從句的作用,不二）定語從句是形容詞性的,其功能是修飾先行詞,對先行詞加以限定,描述它的性質(zhì)或特征;同位語從句等同于先行詞,是名詞性,其功能是對名詞作補充說明。Thesuggestionthathighschoolstudentwearuniformsmetwithstrongresistancefromthestudents.Thesuggestionthatsheputforwardatthemeetinghasbeenturneddown.Theproblemwhenthedisputemaybesettledstillremainsunsolved.Thetimewhenshedepartedwasneverknown.名詞從句實戰(zhàn)操練ー選擇Itthatspaceislimitless.A.believesB.wasgenerallybelievedC.believedD.isgenerallygresshelpstorelievescarcitiesisafactacceptedbyalleconomists〇A.TechnologicalB.ThattechnologicalC.AlthoughtechnologicalD.ThereistechnologicalThenewliteraturecoursediffersfromtheoldcoursethestudentsaren'trequiredtoattendlectures.A.inwhichB.whichC.inthatD.whereasTakemuchyouwantandyouwantto.A.however/wheneverB.whatever/wheneverC.however/whicheverD.whichever/whateverIhavemadeitdear1willnevergobackonmyword.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.howeverHowannoying!A.thattheyaremakingsomuchnoise B.istheyaremakingsomuchnoiseC.isitthattheyaremakingsomuchnoise D.itisthattheyaremakingsomuchnoiseThebehaviorofgasesisexplainedbythekinetictheory.A.scientistscallitB.whatdoscientistscallC.scientiststheycallD.whatscientistscallHeaskedmyhaveandIofferedhimnumber.A.whatroomcouldheB.whatroomhemayC.whichroomcouldheD.whichroomhecouldwasofnomuchhelptohimatthattime.A.LittleIcoulddoB.WhatcouldIdolittleC.ThelittleofwhichIcoulddoD.ThelittlethatIcoulddo0.Doright.A.whatyoubelieveisB.thatyoubelieveisC.whichyoubelieveisD.whichyoubelieve1.Theyoungcouplewasworriedbecauseneitherofthemwasawaretheyhadlostthenecklace.A.theplaceB.wherewhichC.whereD.ofwhere2.asmuchasone-fourthofalltimberharvested{Snotusedprovedtobefalse.A.TheestimateB.TheestimatethatC.TheyareestimatedD.Itisestimatedthat3.Scientistshavereachedtheconclusionthetemperatureontheearthisgettinghigherandhigher.A.whenB.butC.thatD.forthat4.Heclaimstobeanexpertinastronomy,butinactualfactheisquiteignorantonthesubject.heknowsaboutitisoutofdateandinaccurate.A.WhatlittleB.SomuchC.HowmuchD.Solittle5.Theyareteachersanddon'trealizetostartandrunacompany,A.whatIttakesB.whattakesitC.whattheytakeD.whattakesthemispowerisafamoussayingknowntoall,.A.WhatknowledgeB.HowknowledgeC.WhereknowledgeD.Thatknowledge二辨認錯誤ThereasonthatthebuildingindustrydeclinedwasbecausetheinterestrateonloanswassohighTOC\o"1-5"\h\zA B CD.Thenextimportantquestionwehavetodecideiswhendowehavetosubmittheproposal.A B CDMybrotherdoesn'tcarehowmuchdoesthecarcostbecauseheisgoingtobuyitanyway.A BC DIfitisnecessarytostudytheproposalsforseveralmoremonthsbeforemakingadecisionistobedebatedA B CD.Thedoctorsuggestedhowheshouldlieinbedforseveraldaysbeforetakinguphisjob.ABC DThattheprisonergotescapedinbroaddaylightisstiltnotknown.A BC DTheysaidthatwhomevercametothemeetingwaswelcome.ABC DThere'sagoodthingthattheydidn'tcatchyou.AB CD.Onere