初中英語(yǔ)中的后置定語(yǔ)

編輯版編輯版word初中英語(yǔ)中的后置定語(yǔ)在英漢兩種語(yǔ)言中,定語(yǔ)的作用大致相同，但值得注意的是，漢語(yǔ)里的定語(yǔ)都是放在它所修飾詞之前,而在英語(yǔ)里,定語(yǔ)的位置既有在被修飾的詞之前,也有在被修飾的詞之后，本課主要就初中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中常見(jiàn)的后置定語(yǔ)作一探討。一、所有的短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)要后置(介短、形短、不短、分短)介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)thefalloftheRomanEmpire羅馬帝國(guó)的滅亡childrenunderten10歲以下的孩子athirstforknowledge求知欲hisexperienceinteachingphonetics他教授語(yǔ)音學(xué)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)ThenthemanintheshopunderstoodwhattheFrenchmanmeant.(介詞短語(yǔ))Iseeyou'vemadesomedrawingsofourdefenceworks.不定式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)Hehadnotimetothinkaboutrest.分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句Chinastretchesacrossavastareacovering(=whichcovers)thecold,temperateandtropicalzones.中國(guó)幅員遼闊，包括寒帶、溫帶和熱帶。Wearebrotherssharing(=whoshare)wealandwoe.我們是患難與共的兄弟。Theyliveinaroomfacing(=thatfaces)thesea.他們住在一間朝南的房子里。Theyareproblemsleft(=whichhavebeenleft)overbyhistory.這些是歷史遺留下來(lái)的問(wèn)題。Theproblem(thatwas)discussedhasbeensolved.Theamountofwork(thatwas)donecanbemeasuredinthisway.Theexperience(thathasbeen)gainedwillbeofgreatvaluetous.Therewereveryfewpeoplelivinghere.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ))Mr.Smith,thebossofasmallfactory,oncehiredayoungworkercalledJohnHill?(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ))形容詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句Hecastitasecondtimeanddrewinanoldbasketfullofsand.Hesawamagazineonthetablenexttohim.wordsuitabletotheoccasion適合這樣場(chǎng)合的言辭avillageremotefromthemaddingcrowd遠(yuǎn)離喧囂塵世的村莊sentencesdifficulttounderstand難于理解的句子amanreadytolendahandatanytime一個(gè)隨時(shí)樂(lè)于幫助他人的人二、所有的定語(yǔ)從句一律自然后置ThenthereisonlyonethingIcando.三、甚至許多單個(gè)單詞也可作后置定語(yǔ)：1.形容詞作后置定語(yǔ)①四one、四thing、四body、四where的修飾語(yǔ)(女口something,somewhere,anyone,anybody)，定語(yǔ)只能后置。Haveyoureadanythinginteresting?Anyoneintelligentcandoit.任何有腦子的都能做這事。Therewassomebodyelseintheroombesidesus.Let'sgosomewherequiet.Hewantedtogetsomeonereliabletohelpinthiswork.他想找一個(gè)可靠的人幫忙做這工作。Thisstorecarrieseverythingnecessaryforpainting.這家商店賣繪畫(huà)所需的任何商品。ThereissomethingwrongwithmyTV.我的電視出毛病了。Soit'snothingserious,Doctor?Onedaywhiletheywereworkinginthefields,somefarmersawsomethingstrangeinthesky.Thereissomethingimportantintoday'snewspaper.今天報(bào)紙上有條重要新聞。Hewantedtogetsomeonereliabletohelpinthiswork.他想找個(gè)可靠的人幫忙做這項(xiàng)工作。Canyoufindanywherequiet?你能找個(gè)清靜的地方嗎?Hehasbeensenttosomewhereparticular.他已被派到某個(gè)特殊的地方去了。②某些以-able或-ible結(jié)尾的形容詞若與有限制性較強(qiáng)的定語(yǔ)?如only,all,any,every或形容詞最高級(jí)連用，表示暫時(shí)的特征或現(xiàn)象時(shí)，常后置。Wemustsavethepatientbyeverymeansimaginable.It'sthebestperformancepossible.這是再好沒(méi)有的表演了。Thisisthebestsolutionpossible.That'stheonlystarvisiblenow.那是顆現(xiàn)在唯一可見(jiàn)的星。There'sonlyalittlemoneyavailableforthetrip.這趟旅行只有少數(shù)的錢(qián)可供花用。Hewastheonlyactorsuitable.他是唯一合適的演員。It'stheonlysolutionpossible.這是唯一可能采取的解決辦法。Arethereanyticketsavailable?還有票嗎?That'stheonlystarvisiblenow.那是顆現(xiàn)在唯一可見(jiàn)的星星。③兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的形容詞詞組作定語(yǔ)、修飾泛指意義的名詞時(shí)常后置，以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。如：Ihaveneverseenafilmmoreinterestingandinstructive.我還從未看過(guò)這樣有趣又有教育意義的電影。Allvillagers,youngandold,wentouttoharvestthecrops.老少村民都去收割莊稼了。Weliketheteachersbothknowledgeableandhumorous.我們喜歡知識(shí)淵博又有幽默感的老師。④有少數(shù)幾個(gè)以a-開(kāi)頭的表語(yǔ)形容詞作定語(yǔ)，如alive,alone,ablaze等和present,absent,concerned,involved等表示短暫性特征時(shí)，通常放在它們所修飾的名詞之后。如：Theyarethehappiestchildrenalive.AllthememberspresentarefromAfrica.allthestudentspresent所有在場(chǎng)的學(xué)生Thepeopleinvolvedwerenothere.theonlypersonawake唯一醒著的人catchalionalive活捉獅子There'sonlyababyasleepintheroom.屋子里只有一個(gè)熟睡的嬰兒。Hewastheonlypersonawakeatthemoment.他是那時(shí)唯一醒著的人。Heisoneofthefewworkersalivetodaywhotookpartinthestrike.他是參加過(guò)這次罷工當(dāng)今還活著的少數(shù)工人之一。⑤enough作定語(yǔ)修飾的名詞前無(wú)冠詞時(shí)，要后置。例如：Idon'thavewineenoughforfivepersons.我的酒不夠給5個(gè)人喝。Iwasfoolenoughtoaccepthisoffer.我接受他的建議可真夠傻的。Ihaven'ttimeenoughtodothework．我沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間做那件工作。Hehasn'tmanenoughtoadmithismistake．他沒(méi)有勇于認(rèn)錯(cuò)的大丈夫氣概。⑥proper作“本身的、嚴(yán)格意義上的”講時(shí)必須放在所修飾的名詞之后。如：Aftertheintroductionwestartedthemeetingproper.2.方位副詞作后置定語(yǔ)：here，there，in，out，above，below，home，abroad，before，yesterdayHeisonhiswayhome．他在回家途中。Canyoutellmesomethingaboutthesocialsystemthere？你能給我講講那里的社會(huì)制度嗎？Ithadbeenfinethedaybefore．前一天的天氣很好。Theycouldseetheenemyenteringthevillageinthevalleybelow.Thisbookhereismostuseful.Couldyoutellmethesituationthere?你能告訴我那兒的情況嗎？Thepressuresaboveweretoogreat.Thecloudsabovemovedfast.頭上的云快速移動(dòng)。Phecourtbelow在下級(jí)法院Hetoldusaboutthetripabroad.Imetanoldfriendofmineonmywayhome.在回家的路上我遇到一個(gè)老朋友。I'llcomeovertoseeyouonmynextdayoff.我下次休假時(shí)再來(lái)看你。Isthereanythingontonight?今晚有什么活動(dòng)嗎？Thebuildingsaroundaremostlyofmodernconstruction.附近的建筑物多數(shù)上現(xiàn)代化建筑。else用在疑問(wèn)代詞和不定代詞/副詞之后Nothingelsehappened.沒(méi)有其它的事情發(fā)生。Whoelsewentthere?還有誰(shuí)去了那兒？Whatelsedidsheask?她還問(wèn)了什么？Youmusthaveleftyourletterssomewhereelse.你一定把你的信放在其它某個(gè)地方了。Howelsecouldwehavedoneit?不那樣做，我們當(dāng)時(shí)又能怎樣呢？Thereislittleelseyoucandotoimproveyourself.除此之外，能使你進(jìn)步的方法幾乎沒(méi)有。Didyouseeanybodyelse?你還看到別人了嗎?Littleelseremainstobedone.沒(méi)剩下什么事要做的了。Whoelsewantedtogothere?還有誰(shuí)想去那兒？分詞作定