初中賓語從句講解及練習(xí)

PAGEPAGE21初中賓語從句講解及練習(xí)、什么是賓語從句？賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，是一個句子作及物動詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。賓語從句的種類：根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句連詞的不同，賓語從句可分為三類。①.由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。that只有語法作用，沒有實在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。如:Hesays(that)heisastudent.

Hesaid（that）hewantedtostayathome.

Shedoesn'tknow（that）shehasleftherumbrellaatschool.

Iamsure（that）hewillsucceed.②.由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。不可以省略.例如：Iwanttoknowif（whether）helivesthere.

Heaskedmewhether（if）Icouldhelphim.

下面五種情況只能用whether,不可以用if.1.和動詞不定式連用時，只能用whether.如：Idon’tknowwhethertoleavehere.2.和ornot連用時，只能用whether,ornot可以放在句末。如：Shewantedtoknowwhethershewentthereornot.3.用在介詞后面時，只能用whether.如：Iamworriedaboutwhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime.4.放在句首時，只能用whether,不能用if。如：Whetherthisistrueornot，Ican'tsay．這是否真的我說不上來。5.在動詞discuss后面的賓語從句.

例句：Wediscussedwhetherwehadasportsmeetingthenextweek.③.由連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which和連接副詞when,where,why,how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當某個成分，不可以省略。如：Doyouknowwho（whom）theyarewaitingfornow?

Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebestintheirclass.

CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?

Ididn'tknowwhythetrainwaslateagain.2.賓語從句的語序無論哪種形式的賓語從句，從句都必須用陳述句語序，即先主語后謂語動詞。（把助動詞will,have/has,would；情態(tài)動詞can,may,must；be(am,is,are,was,were)動詞放在主語之后；把助動詞do,does,did都去掉，注意主句和從句的時態(tài)）Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.

CanyoutellmehowIcangettothezoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.

HesaysthathewenthikinglastSunday.Hewondersifthereweremanypeopleworkingherejustnow.3.賓語從句的時態(tài)

①.如果主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時的某種時態(tài)（一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進行時，現(xiàn)在完成時），從句的謂語動詞可根據(jù)實際情況使用相應(yīng)的時態(tài)。如：Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.

CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?

②.如果主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)（一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）。如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeeting.

HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.Hesaid（that）therewerenoclassesyesterday.

③.如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象等，不管主句用什么時態(tài)，從句時態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.

Scientistssaidthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.

Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.

注意：賓語從句的標點均由主句決定。主句是陳述句，用句號；主句是疑問句，用問號。如：Whowillgiveusatalk?Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.

Doyouknow?Wheredoeshelive?→Doyouknowwherehelives?4.否定轉(zhuǎn)移在賓語從句中，當主句的主語是第一人稱，謂語動詞是think,believe,suppose等時，要將從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定形式，而從句的謂語動詞用肯定。改成反義疑問句時，要看從句。其他的賓語從句變反義疑問句時，要看主句。Ithinkyouareright.Idon’tthinkyouareright.Ithinkyouareright,aren’tyou?Idon’tthinkyouareright,areyou?Shesaidthatshewentswimmingyesterday,didn’tshe？5.賓語從句的簡化①當主句謂語動詞是find，see，watch，hear等感官動詞時，從句常簡化為“賓語＋賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補為不帶to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：

Shefoundthatthewalletwaslyingontheground.

→Shefoundthewalletlyingontheground.

②.當主句謂語動詞是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主語與從句主語相同時，從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymath.→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymath.

③.在連接代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，當從句主語與主句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“連接代詞/副詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?→Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation?

Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.=Idon’tknowwhattodo.Idon’tknowhowIshoulddoit.=Idon’tknowhowtodoit.6.賓語從句的被動語態(tài)Peoplesaythatheiskindtoothers.=Itissaidthatheiskindtoothers.7.if既能引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，又能引導(dǎo)賓語從句;when既能引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，又能引導(dǎo)賓語從句，注意時態(tài)是不同的。如：Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tcome.（時間狀語從句）Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.（賓語從句）Iwanttoknowifyouwillcomehereifitrainstomorrow.Idon’tknowwhenyouwillfinishtheworknextweek.Youcanletmeknowwhenyoufinishtheworknextweek.賓語從句專項鞏固練習(xí)題：一、用合適的連接詞填空。1.Jimtoldme____hedidn'tgofishingyesterdayafternoon.（how,why）2.Doyouknow______elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?（who,whom）3.Shesaid_____itwouldn'tmattermuch.（that,if）4.Healwaysthinks______hecandoitbetter.（how,who）5.Ireallydon'tknow________thebridgewillbefinished.（howlong,howsoon）6.Theydon'tknow_______togoorwait.（if,whether）7.Wearetalkingabout______we’llgobacktomorrow.（whether,if）8.Iwasreallysurprisedat______Isaw.（where,what）9.Idon'tknow____somanypeoplearelookingathim.（how,why）10.Doyouknow______youarestudyingfor?（why,what）二、用所給動詞的正確形式填空：1.Iwon'treturnthebooktothelibrarybecauseI_haven’t__finished____（notfinish）readingit.2.Assoonashesawme,he_stopped______tospeaktome.（stop）3.Ihopehe_will__come____（come）backinaweek.4.It_wasraining______（rain）hardwhenIgottothefactorythismorning.5.Theoldmantoldthechildren_not__to__walk__（notwalk）inthericefields.6.Hesaidthathe_had_finished_______（finish）hisworkalready.

7.Theythoughttheycould_hike______（hike）tothetopofthemountain.8.Ifit_doesn’t__rain____（notrain）tomorrow，we__will_visit____（visit）thePeople'sMuseum.9.John_was__writing____（write）somethingwhenI__went_____（go）toseehim.10.Ourteachertoldusthatlight__travels_____（travel）muchfasterthansound.11.Thelittleboytellsuswherehisfather_works______（work）.12.Mikeaskedmeifwe_would__ask____（ask）anyquestionsthenextclass.13.Willyoucomeandstaywithusforawhilewhenyou_have__finished____（finish）doingyourhomework？14.MrWangdidn'tknowifthere_would_be__（be）anEnglishpartythatday.15.Pleasetellmeifshe_comes______（come）againnexttime.16.Wearesurethathe___will__go___（go）toschooltomorrow.

17.Doyouknowwho_was_____（be）thefirstmantowalkonthemoon?

18.Couldyoutellmewherethepostoffice_is_____（be）?

19.Ourfathersaidthathe___would____（will）buyanewcomputer.

20.Ihearthathe_swam______（swim）intheseayesterday.

三、從下列A、B、C、D中選擇一個正確選項填空。（A）1.Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake（D）2.Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen（C）3.Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___aP.Elessontomorrow.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are（B）4.SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay（C）5.Lindasaidthemoon___edB.hastraveledC.travelsD.hadtraveled（C）6.Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?ifB.whatC.whenD.that（C）7.Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whetherD.who（B）8.Ihardlyunderstand___hehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who（A）9.Idon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when（A）10.Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow（C）11.Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.AwhomBthatCwhoDwhose（D）12.Idon'tknow_____hewillcometomorrow._______hecomes,I'lltellyou．A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If（D）13.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome（D）14.Couldyoutellme_________thenearesthospitalis?A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where（C）15.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended（D）16.Iwanttoknow_________.A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter（A）17.Doyouknowwhere_________now?A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedinD.didhelive（D）18.Doyouknowwhattime_________tomorrow?A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves（D）19.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare（B）20.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings（D）21.Ican'tunderstand_________.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans（D）22.Pleasetellme______lastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterworkCwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworked（B）23.SheaskedmeifIknew______.A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit（A）24.Youmustremember________.A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersayC.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid（C）25.Heaskedhisfather_______.

A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithappen（C）26Couldyoupleasetellme___?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whentheywouldleaveBeijingC.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing（A）27.—Wheredoyouthink_____he_____thecomputer?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.／;boughtB.has;boughtC.did;buyD.does;buy（C）28.Idon'tfeelverywell.Mumaskedme_____thismorning.A.whatthematterisB.whatiswrongC.whatthematterwasD.whatwrongwas（A）29.Ican'tunderstand______theboyalone.

A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleaveC.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft

（D）30.Idon'tknow________upsoearlylastSunday.

A.whydidhegetB.whyhegetsC.whydoeshegetD.whyhegot四、按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型。1.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?Couldyoutellus?（改寫句子）→Couldyoutellus_________Mr.Brown_________livinginChina?2.Idon’tbelievetheywillcome,_____________?（改為反義疑問句）3.Jimisnotastudent.Tomisnotastudent,either.（合并為一個句子）_________Jim_________Tomisastudent.4.Whendoesthetrainleave?Iwanttoknow.（改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句）Iwanttoknow_________thetrain_________.5.Theywenthomeaftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.(用not．．．until改寫)They_________gohome_________theyhadfinishedtheirhomework．6.DidPetercomehereyesterday?LiLeiwantstoknow.(改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句)LiLeiwantstoknow_________Peter__