英語(yǔ)必修1人教新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)版Unit2PeriodFour

PeriodFourGrammar—DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech(Ⅱ)：requestsandcommands觀察以下句子的變化，完成方框下的小題。1．HesaidtoAnn，“Tellmeyourproblem.”HetoldAnntotellhimherproblem.2．Davidsaidtome，“Leavetheroomquietly.”Davidorderedmetoleavetheroomquietly.3．“Couldyoupleasearriveby8：00？”sheasked.Sheaskedmetoarriveby8：00.4．“Becarefulwiththedog，boys，”shesaid.Shewarnedtheboystobecarefulwiththedog.5．“Don’tworkinbed，Tom，”shesaid.ShetoldTomnottoworkinbed.若是直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，平時(shí)采用“動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。常有的引述動(dòng)詞有tell，order，ask，warn，如句1、2、4。若直接引語(yǔ)是“Could/Can/Will/Would...please？”型一般疑問(wèn)句，變間接引語(yǔ)經(jīng)常用“asksb.todosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)，且please要去掉，如句3。若是轉(zhuǎn)述的祈使句為否定式，則在不定式前加not，如句5。一、祈使句變間接引語(yǔ)若是直接引語(yǔ)是表示命令、建議或建議、央求、警告或提示的祈使句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)平時(shí)要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變成帶to的不定式，并在不定式前依照句意以及說(shuō)話者當(dāng)時(shí)的語(yǔ)氣或態(tài)度加上ask，tell，order，suggest，advise，beg，warn，remind，invite，request，command，encourage等動(dòng)詞。1．表示命令的祈使句引述表示命令的祈使句，變間接引語(yǔ)經(jīng)常采用ask/tell/ordersb.todosth.的形式。(1)“Finishthetaskintenminutes，”themanagersaidtotheclerk.Themanagertoldtheclerktofinishthetaskintenminutes.(2)“Keepsilent！”saidthechairman.Thechairmanorderedustokeepsilent.2．表示建議等的祈使句當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)為表示建議、建議、央求、勸告的祈使句(或表示央求、建議、勸告、建議的疑問(wèn)句)時(shí)，多用suggestdoing/that從句(suggest后接that從句時(shí)，從句使用虛假語(yǔ)氣“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should也可省略)，及ask/advise/want/begsb.todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)Marysaid，“Let’sgototheartexhibitionthisafternoon.”Marysuggestedourgoingtotheartexhibitionthatafternoon.Marysuggestedthatwe(should)gototheartexhibitionthatafternoon.(2)“Pleasehavearest，”shesaidtous.Sheaskedustohavearest.3．表示警告或提示的祈使句引述表示警告或提示的祈使句用remind，warn等詞轉(zhuǎn)述。(1)“Takeanumbrellaincaseofrain，”hismothersaidtohim.Hismotherremindedhimtotakeanumbrellaincaseofrain.(2)Theleadersaidtotheworkers，“Don’tspeakwhileworking.”Theleaderwarnedtheworkersnottospeakwhileworking.注意：(1)無(wú)論可否定祈使句，還是表示宛轉(zhuǎn)語(yǔ)氣的否定疑問(wèn)句，在變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用不定式的否定形式：not/nevertodosth.。(2)直接引語(yǔ)中的稱呼語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般把它看作主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)用。Shesaid，“Don’tmakesomuchnoise，children！”Shetoldthechildrennottomakesomuchnoise.二、表示央求的一般疑問(wèn)句變間接引語(yǔ)若直接引語(yǔ)是“Could/Can/Will/Would...please？”型一般疑問(wèn)句，變間接引語(yǔ)經(jīng)常用“asksb.todosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)，且please要去掉。(1)“Wouldyoubuysomebreadforme？”hesaidtoher.Heaskedhertobuysomebreadforhim.(2)“Wouldyousleepandgetupearly，children？”Fathersaid.Fatheraskedthechildrentosleepandgetupearly.三、惋惜句變間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)為惋惜句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)可用what或how引導(dǎo)，也能夠用“Whatabeautifuldressitis！”thegirlsaidtoherfriend.

that引導(dǎo)。Thegirltoldherfriendwhatabeautifuldressitwas.Thegirltoldherfriendthatitwasaverybeautifuldress.直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)互換1．Hesaidtous，“Let’sgettherebytrain.”Hesuggestedgettingtherebytrain.Hesuggestedthatweshouldgettherebytrain.2．“ShallweturnofftheTV？”sheasked.ShesuggestedturningofftheTV.3．“Whydon’tyouswaptheTVwiththebookcase？”shesaid.Sheasked/advisedmetoswaptheTVwiththebookcase.4．“Wouldyoulikeacupoftea？”sheasked.Sheaskedmetohaveacupoftea.5．“Whatanicecaritis！”theladysaid.Theladysaidwhatanicecaritwas.6．Tomsaidtohismother，“Wouldyoupleasetellmeastory？”Tomaskedhismothertotellhimastory.7．Thepolicemansaidtothem，“Don’tgothroughtheredlights.”Thepolicemantoldthemnottogothroughtheredlights.8．Thehostsaidtotheguestswarmly，“Pleasemakeyourselvesathome.”Thehosttoldthegueststomakethemselvesathome.9．MissLeetoldthekidsnottolookoutofthewindow.MissLeesaidtothekids，“Don’tlookoutofthewindow.”10．Theguideaskedthevisitorstofollowherintothepalace.Theguidesaidtothevisitors，“Followmeintothepalace.”基礎(chǔ)牢固Ⅰ.將以下直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)1．“Don’tswimouttoofar，”theteachersaidtotheboys.Theteachertoldtheboysnottoswimouttoofar.2．“Do，please，sendmetoawarmclimate，”shesaidtome.Sheaskedmetosendhertoawarmclimate.3．“Makesurethedoorisshutwhenyougoout，”fathersaidtome.FathertoldmetomakesurethatthedoorwasshutwhenIwentout.4．Sallyaskedme，“Willyoupleasepassmethedictionary？”Sallyaskedmetopassherthedictionary.5．“Whatalovelygirlsheis！”hesaid.Hesaidwhatalovelygirlshewas./Hesaidthatshewasalovelygirl.Ⅱ.將以下間接引語(yǔ)改為直接引語(yǔ)6．Shetoldusnottotouchanythingunlesstoldtowhenwewereinthelab.→“Don’ttouchanythingunlesstoldtowhenyouareinthelab，”shesaidtous.7．Heaskedmenevertophonehimaftermidnight.→“Neverphonemeaftermidnight，”hesaidtome.8．Heaskedustotidythelabassoonaswecould.→“Pleasetidythelabassoonasyoucan，”hesaidtous.9．Maryremindedmenottoforgettoanswertheletter.Marysaidtome，“Don’tforgettoanswertheletter.”10．Headvisedmetotelltheboy’sfatherifherefusedtohelp.Hesaidtome，“Iftheboyrefusestohelp，tellhisfather.”Ⅲ.完成句子11．Hetoldmetofollowhisinstructions.他告訴我要遵照他的指令。12．SheaskedmetotellMrWhitethatshewasthere.她讓我告訴懷特先生她在那處。13．Hetoldthekidsnottomakesomuchnoise.他告訴孩子們不要過(guò)分喧華。14．Heorderedthemantogoaway.他命令那個(gè)人出去。15．Sheadvisedmenottotellthenewstohim.她建議我不要把這個(gè)信息告訴他。能力提升Ⅳ.完形填空Throughouthistory，peoplehavebeeninterestedinknowinghowlanguagefirstbegan，butnooneknowsexactlywhereorhowthishappened.16，wedoknowalotabout17，thelanguagesoftodayandalsothelanguagesof18times.Thereare19aboutthreethousandlanguagesintheworldtoday.Chineseisthelanguage20themostspeakers.English，RussianandSpanisharealsospokenbymanymillionsofpeople.21，somelanguagesintheworldhavelessthanonehundredspeakers.Thereareseveralimportant22oflanguagesintheworld.Forexample，mostofthelanguagesof23areinonelargefamily24theIndo-Europeanlanguagefamily.Theoriginal(最初的)languageofthisfamilywasspokenabout4,500years25.ManyofthepresentlanguagesofEuropeandIndiaaremodern26ofthelanguageof4,500yearsago.Languagesare27changing.TheEnglishoftodayisverydifferent28theEnglishof500yearsago.Overtimesomeeven29completely.About1,000yearsago30wasalittleknownrelativeofGerman31ononeoftheborders(界線)ofEurope.Ifalanguagehas32speakersorifitisveryold，theremaybe33inthewayitisspokenindifferentareas.Thatis，thelanguagemayhaveseveral34.Chineseisagoodexampleofdialectdifferences.Chinesehasbeenspokenforthousandsofyearsbymanymillionsofspeakers.ThedifferencesamongthedialectsofChinesearesogreatthatspeakersofChinesefromsomepartsofChina35understandspeakersfromotherparts.語(yǔ)篇解讀

本文主要說(shuō)了然語(yǔ)言的起源及變化。16．A.But

B．SoC．However

D．Besides答案

C剖析語(yǔ)言的起源素來(lái)是人們感興趣的事情，但是沒(méi)人確實(shí)地知道語(yǔ)言的起源終歸是怎樣的。但是，我們還是對(duì)語(yǔ)言有好多認(rèn)識(shí)。

but

后不能夠出現(xiàn)逗號(hào)，因此此處用

however

表轉(zhuǎn)折。17．A.English

B．historyC．Chinese

D．languages答案

D剖析由上下文可知，此處講的是對(duì)語(yǔ)言的認(rèn)識(shí)，而不單純是對(duì)漢語(yǔ)或英語(yǔ)的認(rèn)識(shí)?？蘸蟮摹皌helanguagesof...”是提示。18．A.earlierB．latterC．modernD．hard答案A剖析人們對(duì)現(xiàn)在的語(yǔ)言以及更早的語(yǔ)言有所認(rèn)識(shí)。由上下文可知此處與today對(duì)應(yīng)。19．A.frequentlyB．probablyC．fluentlyD．gradually答案B剖析現(xiàn)在世界上可能有大體三千種語(yǔ)言。probably可能，吻合語(yǔ)境。frequently頻頻地；fluently流利地；gradually逐漸地。20．A.forB．withC．inD．of答案B剖析由with引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾language，表示“漢語(yǔ)是使用人數(shù)最多的一種語(yǔ)言”。21．A.InawordB．AtpresentC．OntheonehandD．Ontheotherhand答案D剖析上文提到漢語(yǔ)是使用人數(shù)最多的一種語(yǔ)言，接著又說(shuō)英語(yǔ)、俄語(yǔ)和西班牙語(yǔ)也有數(shù)百萬(wàn)人使用，后文話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)講到，還有不到一百人使用的語(yǔ)言。ontheotherhand另一方面，符合語(yǔ)境。inaword總之；atpresent現(xiàn)在；ontheonehand一方面。22．A.blocksB．a(chǎn)ccentsC．familiesD．changes答案C剖析由后邊的內(nèi)容可知語(yǔ)言有幾大語(yǔ)系(family)?！癋orexample，mostofthelanguageofareinonelargefamilytheIndo-Europeanlanguagefamily.”也是提示。block塊；accent口音；change變化。23．A.EuropeB．AsiaC．AfricaD．America答案A剖析由后邊的“Indo-Europeanlanguagefamily”可知，歐洲的大多數(shù)語(yǔ)言都屬于一個(gè)大的語(yǔ)系——印歐語(yǔ)系。24．A.calledB．spokenC．callingD．speaking答案A剖析過(guò)去分詞called作定語(yǔ)，表示“被稱作”。25．A.beforeB．a(chǎn)goC．laterD．old答案B剖析由前面的wasspoken可知，此處應(yīng)該用與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的ago。before用于完成時(shí)的句子中。26．A.timesB．familiesC．formsD．members答案C剖析現(xiàn)在印度與歐洲的好多語(yǔ)言實(shí)質(zhì)上就是4500年以前的語(yǔ)言的現(xiàn)代形式(form)。27．A.alwaysB．seldomC．oftenD．sometimes答案A剖析由下文可知，語(yǔ)言素來(lái)都在發(fā)展變化。always與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)連用表示“總是”。28．A.aboutB．withC．inD．from答案D剖析bedifferentfrom與不同樣，為固定短語(yǔ)。29．A.dieoutB．dieawayC．diedownD．dieoff答案A剖析隨著時(shí)間的推移有些語(yǔ)言甚至完滿消失了。dieout滅絕，消失，吻合語(yǔ)境。dieaway逐漸模糊，逐漸減弱；diedown逐漸變?nèi)?，黯淡；dieoff接踵去世。30．A.SpanishB．EnglishC．ChineseD．Russian答案B剖析一千年前的英語(yǔ)還與歐洲界線地區(qū)人們講的德語(yǔ)有親戚關(guān)系。31．A.calledB．toldC．spokenD．named答案C剖析表示“講(某種語(yǔ)言)”用speak，此處用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)。32．A.agreatdealofB．a(chǎn)fewC．a(chǎn)littleD．a(chǎn)numberof答案D剖析講某種語(yǔ)言的人多或某種語(yǔ)言很古老，那么不同樣地區(qū)人們說(shuō)話的方式就有差別。A、C項(xiàng)只修飾不能數(shù)名詞；afew表示“幾個(gè)”，意義不符。33．A.speakersB．differencesC．identityD．changes答案B剖析由上文可知此處指人們說(shuō)話方式的不同樣(difference)。34．A.dialectsB．spellingsC．usagesD．expressions答案A剖析依照后一句中的dialectdifferences可知，一種語(yǔ)言可能有幾種方言。dialect方言，符合語(yǔ)境。35．A.mustn’tB．maynotC．won’tD．can’t答案D剖析漢語(yǔ)方言的差別這樣之大，致使于來(lái)自不同樣地區(qū)的人都無(wú)法相互溝通。此處表示“不會(huì)，不能夠”，故用can’t。Ⅴ.語(yǔ)法填空Believeit36.not，IusedtoliveinthesameapartmentwithMoYan，whorequestedthatthe12-yeareducation37.(be)shortenedto10yearsattheTwoSessions(兩會(huì))．HeisalsoafamousChinesewriterwhowontheNobelPrizeinliteratureforhisnovelFrog.Hehasmanyotherfamousworks，such38.RedSorghum(《紅高粱》)andTheRepublicofWine(《酒國(guó)》)which39.(recognize)tobethemostimaginativeChinesenovel.AsfarasIknow，heoftenmakesuseofhissparetime40.(talk)withthenativepeopleandsetsdownwhathehasheard.41.(actual)，hevisitsthenativepeoplesofrequentlythatheknowsthemverywell.So，itisnaturalthatthenovelswrittenbyhim42.(base)onreallife.Mostimportantly，thewayheexpresseshisfeelingsandideasisdifferentfromothernovelists(小說(shuō)家

)．Asoneofthemostimportant43.

(writer)inChina

，hisworksarereadbyagreatnumberofreadersandplay44.veryimportantpartinChineseliterature.Thatis45.heworkshardandpractiseswritingfrequently.語(yǔ)篇解讀

本文介紹了在兩會(huì)上提出將

12年教育改為

10年的作家莫言。36．答案

or剖析

觀察固定搭配。

believeitornot

信不信由你，是固定短語(yǔ)。37．答案

(should)be剖析觀察虛假語(yǔ)氣。request央求，后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)用“shoulddo”形式，should能夠省略。38．答案as剖析觀察固定搭配。suchas比方，是固定短語(yǔ)。39．答案isrecognized剖析觀察動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。全文整體時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故該處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)TheRepublicofWine與recognize之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故該處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，填isrecognized。40．答案totalk剖析觀察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。makeuseoftimetodosth.利用時(shí)間做某事。41．答案Actually剖析觀察副詞。在句中作狀語(yǔ)修飾全句，應(yīng)用副詞。actually事實(shí)上。42．答案arebased剖析觀察動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。本句主語(yǔ)是novels，故謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。bebasedon以為基礎(chǔ)。43．答案writers剖析觀察名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。設(shè)空前是oneofthemostimportant“最重要的之一”，故該空用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。44．答案a剖析觀察冠詞。playaveryimportantpartin在中起特別重要的作用。45．答案because剖析觀察名詞性從句的連接詞。該句前面提到的“在中國(guó)文學(xué)中起特別重要的作用”是“努力并經(jīng)常練習(xí)寫作”的結(jié)果，故該空填because。Thatisbecause...那是因?yàn)椤?讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面短文，依照所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完滿的故事。Boysliketobeconsideredtobebrave，butwhatkindofthingscanbeconsideredtobebrave?Itisnotaquestionthatcanbeansweredbywords，butbytheactualdeed.AboywiththenameHenrygaveusagoodexample.RonnyandHenryweretwofriendsinthesameclass.Theyalwaysplayedtogetherandwenthometogether.OnedayasRonnyandHenryweregoinghomeafterschool，theysawsomepeoplefightinginthestreetcorner.Ronnysaidexcitedly，“Somepeoplearefighting!Let’sgoandhavealook！”ButHenryrefused，“It’snoneofourbusiness.We’dbettergohomeandnotgetclosetothem.AlsoourparentsareexpectingtohavedinnerwithustogetherathomeandIdon’twantthemtoworryaboutme.”“Youareacowardandafraidtogo，”saidRonnyandoffherantothespot(地點(diǎn))withsomeotherboys.Henryhadtogohomealoneanddidn’tthinkaboutitanymore.ButRonnythoughtHenrywasacowardandtoldalltheboysthat.Theylaughedathimagreatdeal.Fromthenon，theylookeddownuponHenryanddidn’twanttoplaywithhim.Henrywassadbuthewasn’tangrywithRonnyforhisrudebehavior，becausehehadlearnedthattruecouragewasshownmostinbearingmisunderstandingwhenitwasnotdeserved(值得)，andthatheoughttobeafraidofnothingbutdoingwrong.Thus，hejustignoredtheotherboys’laughterandcontinuedtostickto(堅(jiān)持)histhought