英美文學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)

文檔來源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持 .英美文學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)資料Unit1一．TheFormsofLiteratureFiction：（novel、shortstory、play、poem）Non-fiction：(description、narration、exposition、argumentation）二．TheHistoryofEnglishLiteratureandSomeImportantNovelistsWilliamShakespeare、DanielDefoe、JonathanSwift、RobertBurns、JaneAusten、PercyByssheShelly、CharlesDickens、EmilyBronte、ThomasHardy、DHLawrence、VirginiaWoolf三．TheHistoryofAmericanLiteratureandSomeImportantNovelistsNathanielHawthorne、WaltWhitman、EmilyDickinson、MarkTwain、FScottFitzgerald、RobertLeeFrost、ErnestHemingway、WilliamFaulkner四．關(guān)于小說的一些知識1.Thenovelisanewgenreorformdiffersfrompoetry,drama,ballad.2..Thecontentofanovelisoffictitiousnaturediffersfromthestoriesofhistorian.Novelstellmade-upstories,butthestoriesofthehistorianstelltruth.3.what'sthenovel?4.Thefunctionofnovel:NovelistsandReaders.5.Whyaretherethenovelistswritingnovel? (toexpress、toshare、tobeunderstood）Whatdotheywanttoshare?（anythingfrom their personalfeelingssuchastheirsufferings,happiness,sorrows,etctotheirexperiencesandthoughts）Whydotheywanttoexpress,toshare,tobeunderstood? （Therearemanyreasonswhynovelistwrite, buttheyallhaveonethingincommon—— aneedtocreateanalternativeworld. ”JohnFowler6.TheCharacteristicsofNovel ：Lengthiness冗長、Thoroughness完全、Profundity深度、openness公開、Truth7.Howmanykindscannovelbedividedbylength?Full-lengthNovel、ShortNovel、Trilogy 三部曲、Tetra-logy(Asequenceoffournovels)8.小說6要素：Story、Character、plot、Theme、Setting、NarrativePointofView五、TechniqueofShortStory:Symbolism、Imagery、Style、Tone、Irony、PointofView六．Poetry1.Poetryisanoldestformofart,andisreputedasthemostdemocraticart. Poetryistheultimatecaretopeople .’slives2.Poetryuseseverydimension尺寸 oflanguage,soitmustbeveryintenseorcompact.Poetryusesmulti-dimensional多重的 languagetocommunicateexperience.3.Poetrygrewoutofmusic,sosoundeffectwasmuchemphasized.4.Whatarethedifferencebetweenpoetryandotherliterarygenres?: poetrydoesn ’tteachknowledgeandnarratesrealeventsinlife. Poetryalwaysreflectslifeindirectlyandroundabout,butitreflectslifeintenselyandprofoundly. Poetrycallsformoreimagination.④Poetrycomesinuniqueforms.⑤Thelanguageusedinpoetryisespeciallybeautifulandcondensed.5.Origination of Poetry: Aristotle: representation(imitative art) Marx: Productoftheancient people’works George: Projection (or by-product) of people’fears.④George:Projection(orby-product)ofpeople ’sfear1文檔收集于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，如有不妥請聯(lián)系刪除 .克里斯托弗·馬洛（英文檔來源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持 .6.Classification分類ofPoetry：Ballad、Lyric、NarrativePoem、Epic、Sonnet、Ode、Elegy(lament)、Pastoral、BlankVerse、FreeVerse八．Drama1.Dramaisagenreofliterature,inwhichthewordsaremainlydialogue.2.TheClassificationofTragedy悲?。篎atetragedy、Characteristictragedy、Socialtragedy、Metaphysicaltragedy九、TheHolyBible圣經(jīng)：isabookprovidingproofoftheexistenceofGodandoneprovidingtestimonytotheBibletruth.二、Renaissance文藝復(fù)興Essence本質(zhì)：humanismHumanism(人道主義)-theessence（本質(zhì)） oftheRenaissance,thedignity（尊嚴(yán)，高貴） ofhumanbeing&theimportanceofthepresentlifeBestrepresentatives:ThomasMore（托馬斯·莫爾）,ChristopherMarlowe國戲劇家）,WilliamShakespeare（威廉·莎士比亞）TheElizabethandrama：therealmainstreamofEnglishRenaissance（英語文藝復(fù)興的主流）Mostfamousdramatists：ChristopherMarlowe克里斯托弗·馬洛（英國戲劇家）,WilliamShakespeare,BenJonson（本·瓊森）Unit3三．ShakespeareasanElizabethan1.Queen Elizabeth reigned (1558-1603) 2.Emerging from the Middle Ages into theRenaissance3.Agewasextravagant奢侈的 andbrutal①elaborat,ornate clothing,languageandmanners ②languagewasgrowingfast③middleclass(stern,moral,andindependent)四．QueenElizabeth1558-1603 ElizabethISymbolizestheAge QueenElizabeth GloryofEngland①Topeople,sherepresentedbeautyandgreatness②oneofthemostpowerfulcountriesintheworld五．DramaintheElizabethanAge1.AfterdefeatingtheSpanishArmada,Englandbecameintenselyinterestedinthepast.(Patriotic)Historicalplaysthrived. 2.Playwrightswerepracticalmen,bentonmakingaliving3.Playswerewrittentobeacted,notread. 4.Onceaplaywrightsoldhismanuscript,hehadnopersonalrighttoit.六．ShakespeareasaDramatist1.Objective ofPlays=givepleasure 2.Fanciful, imaginativeplays 3.Audience=everydaypeople,uneducated,wantedtoescape 4.Wroteinverse=freeuseofwords七．CriticsRankthePlays1.Tragedies-Hamlet,Macbeth,KingLear,Othello 2.Comedies-TheTempest,AsYouLikeIt,TheWinter ’sTale,TheMerchantsofVenice,MuchAdoAboutNothing,AMidsummerNight ’sDream3.Histories-HenryIV,HenryV,RichardII,RichardIII,HenryVIII八．Shakespeare’sthreeperiodsfdramaticocareer1.1590-1600.historyplays,comediesandtragedies;QueenElizabeth Ⅰ(1558-1603)2.1600-1608.tragedies,darkcomedies;3.1608-1612.historyplays,legendplays(romantictragicomdies)James Ⅰ(1603-1625)WilliamShakespeare2文檔收集于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，如有不妥請聯(lián)系刪除 .文檔來源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持 .1.<HenryⅥ>,<Richard Ⅲ> 2.<Richard Ⅱ>,<Henry Ⅳ>,<HenryⅤ>,<KingJohn> ?Comedies:AMidsummerNight ’sDream> ,TheMerchantofVenice >, TwelfthNight >?Tragedy:RomeoandJuliet>3.Fourtragedies- <Hamlet>, <Othello>, <KingLear> <Macbeth>4.tragicomedies：<TheTempest>九．TestofGreatness1.Agreatplayisonethataffectstheaudiencedeeply.十．Aboutthedrama1.TragedyAseriousplayordramatypicallydealingwiththeproblemsofacentralcharacter,leadingtoanunhappyordisastrousendingbroughton,asinancientdrama,byafateandatragicflawinthischaracter,orinmoderndrama,usuallybymoralweakness,psychologicalmaladjustmentorsocialpressures2.Comedy.Adramaornarrativewithahappyendingornon-tragictheme3.Catharsis宣泄Thepurging凈化orpurifying凈化oftheemotionsorrelievingofemotionaltension,especiallybyart.(ThisconceptwasappliedoriginallybyAristotletotheeffectsoftragicdramaontheaudience.)5.Conflict戰(zhàn)斗Thestruggleorinterplayofforces,thattakesplacewithinthestory.Themaincharactermaybeinconflictwithanotherperson,valuesystem,fateorwithnature.十一．Shakespeare ’sPlotsandCharacters1.Firstreading=quick2.Secondreading=moreleisurely3.Plots=romantic,poetic,farfetched,imaginative,supernatural4.Characters=realistic,alive,threedimensional,powerfulandeternallytrue十二．AboutthePlay1.HamletHamletwaswrittensometimebetween1599and1601andisoftenconsideredthegreatestachievementoftheworld’sgreatestplaywright.Ithasbeenperformedandtranslatedmorethananyotherplayintheworld.Ithashadmorewrittenaboutitandhasinspiredmoreparodiesthananyotherliterarywork.Itsfamous“Tobeornottobe”phrasistheinmostthequotedEnglishlanguage.Hamlethasinspired26ballets,sixoperasanddozensofmusicalworks.Therehavebeenmorethan45movieversions②Setting：ElsinoreCastleineastern Denmark③Character List： A:Hamlet、B:Claudius 、C:Gertrude、D:Polonius、 E:Horatio、F:Ophelia、G:Laertes、H:TheGhost、I:Fortinbras④Plot(Hamlet–executivesummary)⑥TheimageofHamlet：Heisahumanist. Hehaslovefortheworldratherthanheaven.Hecherishesafirmbeliefinman ’spoweranddestiny.Heandloveshatesgoodevil.Heisacloseobserver.Hecaneasilyseethroughpeople.Heisscholar,soldierandstatesmanallrolledintoone.3文檔收集于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，如有不妥請聯(lián)系刪除 .文檔來源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持.But?Heisnotoriousforhishesitation.⑦Reasonsforhishesitation：Hehasdoubtsabouttheghostandhis“truth.”proveHehasitfortohimselfbeforeheacts.Anotherreasonisthesocialandreligiouseducationthathehasreceived,whichexplainswhyhedoesnotkillClaudiuswhenthemankneelsandpraysandmakeshimselfavulnerableprey.Hamlethatestokillamaninhismomentsofrepentanceandhelpsendhissoultoheaven(III.i)ItisnotmerelypersonalrevengethatHamletseeks,hisresponsibilityisthetransformationofsociety;theabruptdeathofthekingmightcausepanictothepeopleandendangerthestate.MoreinterestingisperhapstheFreudianapproachtothe“hesitation”questhoughitmaysoundabitfar-fetched.PsychoanalyticalcriticismseemstosuggestthattheyoungprincesuffersfromtheOedipuscomplex.Buthecouldnotkillhisfatherasthiswouldviolatethemoralprincipleonpatricideandentaildisasterforhim.Themes：Revenge、“Ifthoudidsteverthydearfatherlove,Revengehisfoulandmostunnaturalmurder. ”TheGhost,I.revengetragedy十三：JohnMilton — ParadiseLost失樂園1.ParadiseLosttakesitsplaceinwesternliteraturealongwithHomer ’sIlliadandOdyssVirgil ’Aneids《伊尼伊德》,andDante ’sDivineComedyandinEnglishliteraturewithBeowulfandSpenser ’sFairieQueene。2.JohnMilton'sTimes:1642-1649:EnglishCivil WarKing/Anglican Clergyvs.Parliament(dominatedbyPuritans)、ProtestantRevolution(DeathofKingCharlesI) 、1649-1660:NoBritishKing1649-1653: Commonwealth1653-1658: ProtectorateofOliver Cromwell1660: Restoration(ofKingCharlesII)、3.Milton ’sReligion：MiltonbelievedthateachindividualChristianshouldbehisownchurch,without anyestablishmenttoencumberhim.、In hislateryears,Milton cametoviewallorganizedChristianchurches,whetherAnglican,CatholicorPresbyterian,asanobstacletotruefaith.4.Hisrevolutionary career：Pamphleteeringinthecauseofreligiousandcivillibertyin1641-60.、AppointedLatinSecretarytoCromwell ’sCouncilofState、in1649Censor.andeditoroftheCommonwealthpaper,MercuriusPoliticuin1651.LatinDefenseofthePeopleofEngland.、Totallyblindin1652andimprisonedforashorttimeaftertherestorationandthenretiredtoprivatelife.5.Milton ’sliterarycareer：1625-1640:shortpoems:L ’AllegroandIlPenseroso(1632),Comus(1634,宴會歡樂之神),andLycidas(1638) 、1640-1660:pamphletsandtracts:Areopagitica(1644《論出版自由》);TheDefenseoftheEnglishPeople(1650);The2ndDefenseoftheEnglishPeople(1650).、1660-1674:ParadiseLost(1667),ParadiseRegained(1671),andSamsonAgonistes(1671).1).Milton ’sWorksofEarlyHisDays：PoemswritteninCambridgeandatHorton:a.OntheMorningofChrist ’sNativity《基督誕生晨頌》 ,firstimportantwork b.L’Allegro《快樂的人》Penseroso《幽思的人》c.Comus《科瑪斯》amask假面劇,inblankversed.Lycidas《利西達斯》, expressingthepathos(哀頌)ofhisfriendEdwardKing ’sprematuredeath2).Worksofhisadultyears: a.pamphletsonreligiousreformOfReformationinEngland《論英國改革》 b.pamphletsonmarriageanddivorce:DoctrineandDisciplineofDivorce《離婚的戒律與學(xué)說》 c. Areopagitica《論出版自由 》aproseworkforthefreedomofthepress d.DefenceoftheEnglishPeople 《為英國人民聲辯》 TheSecondDefenceof4文檔收集于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，如有不妥請聯(lián)系刪除 .文檔來源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持 .theEnglishPeople《再為英國人民聲辯》3).Milton ’sworksoldofage：a.ParadiseLostb.ParadiseRegainedc.SamsonAgonistes5）.Milton ’shandfulofsonnets：1)18Englishand5Italiansonnets． 2)Theyarecompact（文體簡潔，緊湊）andwellorganized.Thelanguageissimpleandunadorned（不加修飾的）,butpowerful.6.ParadiseLost(1667):1).Overview ofParadiseLost：Milton ’smasterpiece.takenfromtheOldTestamentMajor.characters: Satan,God,Archangel,Adam,Eve ?ItisaboutSatan ’srebellionagainstGodandtheexpulsionofAdamandEvefromtheGardenofEden.2).TheStory ofParadiseLost: ThecreationTherebellionofSatanandhisfellowangelsTheirdefeatandexpulsionfromHeavenCreationoftheearthandofAdamandEveSataninhellplottingagainstGodSatan ’stemptationofEveDepartureofAdamandEvefromEden3).ParadiseLost–LeadingUptotheBeginning4).Themes:arevoltagainstGod ’sauthority5).Thecharacters:OnlySixmajorcharacters：Satan,theleaderofthefallenangels(nowknownasdevils)；Beelzebub,Satansclosest′friend/ally；God,theFather；TheSon,alsoknownastheMessiah,Christ；Adam,thefirstman,livinginParadise；Eve,hiswife,supposedtobeunderhiscontrolJonathanSwiftInhisopinion,humannatureisseriouslyandpermanentlyflawed( 缺點)Achievement: 1)amastersatirist.AModestProposal>Gulliver'sTravels>2)oneofthegreatestofEnglishprose,hedefinedagoodstyleas “ProperwordsinproperplacesREADING:excerptfrom Gulliver ’sTravels(格列佛游記)Gulliver'sTravels> fictionalwork,fourparts –Lilliput,Brobdingnag,FlyingIsland&Houyhnhnm(小人國)(大人國)(飛島)(有人類理性的馬 )ThomasGraytheleaderofthesentimental(悲情的)poetryoftheday,especially “TheGraveyardSchool ”Elegy Written in aCountry Churchyard >reflectsondeath,thesorrowsoflife, andthemysteriesofhumanlifewithatouchofhispersonalmelancholy.Hesympathizedforthepoorandtheunknown,butmocksthegreatoneswhodespisethepoorandbringhavoc(破壞)onthem.TheRomanticPeriodRomantic-emotionoverreason,spontaneous(自發(fā))emotion,achangefromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules,imagination,nature,commonplace△Theromanticemphasizedthespecialqualitiesofeachindividual ’smind.Theromanticperiodbeganwith：in1798thepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge'sLyricalBallads> endin1832withSirWalterScott ’sdeathtwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten(realistic)andWalterScott(romantic).WilliamBlake著作：SongsofInnocence>、SongsofExperience>、MarriageofHeavenandHell>、 ThebookofUrizen>(先知書)Hepresentshisviewinvisual images.Symbolismisalsoadistinctivefeatureofhispoetry.WilliamWordsworththeEnglishromanticpoetry, “worshipperofnature ”5文檔收集于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，如有不妥請聯(lián)系刪除 .文檔來源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持 .-Hedefinesthepoetasa'manspeakingtomen',andpoetryas'thespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings,whichoriginatesin'emotionrecollectedintranquillity'.“LakePoetsWilliam”:Wordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridge&RobertSoutheyThePrelude>(序曲)hismasterpiece ToaSkylark>TinternAbbey>IWanderedLonelyasaCloud：thepoetisverycheerfulwithrecallingthebeautifulsights.Inthepoemonthebeautyofnature,thereaderispresentedavividpictureoflivelyandlovelydaffodils(水仙)andpoet'sphilosophicalideasandmysticalthoughts.GeorgeGordonByronDonJuan>（唐璜）(themasterpieceofByron,alongsatiricalpoem,comicepic)bymakeuseofJuan’sadventures,topresentapanoramic（全面）viewofdifferenttypesofsociety.SongfortheLuddites>'willdiefighting,orlivefree'ByronshowhissupportoftheLudditeswhodestroyedthemachinesintheirprotestagainstunemployment.Thepoet'sgreatsympathyoftheworkersintheirstruggleagainstthecapitalistsisclearlyshown.PercyByssheShelley1)Lyrics（抒情詩）TheCloud> OdetotheWestWind> ToaSkylark>云雀頌2)poeticdrama（詩?。㏄rometheusUnbound>解放了的米羅普修斯MenofEngland>ItisnotonlyawarcrycallinguponallworkingpeopleofEnglandtoriseupagainsttheirpoliticaloppressors,butalsoanaddresstopointouttothemtheintolerableinjusticeofeconomicexploitation.2.OdetotheWestWindOdetotheWestWind>terzarima,destructive-constructivepotential,hopeful,'Ifalluponthethornsoflife!Ibleed!','IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?'Theauthorexpresshiseagernesstoenjoytheboundlessfreedomfromthereality.JohnKeats4greatodes: OdeonMelancholy>, OdeonaGrecianUrn>,OdetoaNightingale>, OdetoPsyche>OdeonaGrecianUrn>thecontrastbetweenthepermanenceofartandthetransience(短暫)ofhumanpassion,'Heardmelodiesaresweet,butthoseunheardaresweeter','Beautyistruth,truthbeauty'JaneAusten6novels: <SenseandSensibility> <PrideandPrejudice><NorthangerAbbey><MansfieldPark> <Emma> <Persuasion>TheVictorianPeriod:1836-1901Commonsenseandmoralpropriety（規(guī)矩）,againbecamethepredominantpreoccupation.Criticalrealistswereallconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeople.Darwin'sTheOriginofSpecies>andTheDescentofMan>shookthetraditionalfaith,everythingiscreatedbyGodGeorgeEliot,thepioneeringwoman,wasthefirstnovelistthat“startedputtingalltheactionsinside”ThomasHardy,thatWessexmanwhonotonlyexposeandcriticizeallsortsofsocialiniquities,butfinallycametoquestionandattacktheVictorianconventionsandmorals.6文檔收集于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，如有不妥請聯(lián)系刪除 .文檔來源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持 .RobertBrowning,createdtheversenovel,revelandstudycharacters’innerworldCharlesDickenscriticalrealist writersoftheVictorianAge-Character-portrayalisthemostdistinguishingfeatureofhisworks-characterizedbyamingling(混合)ofhumorandpathos(悲傷)TheOldCuriosityShop> DombeyandSon> ATaleofTwoCities>OliverTwist>isaboybroughtupintheworkhouse.Oneday,asOliveraskedformorefood,hewassenttoworkasanapprenticeandthenranaway?Thenovelisfamousforitsvividdescriptionsoftheworkhouseandlifeoftheunderworld（下層社會）in19thLondon.TheEmilyBronteWutheringHeights>呼嘯山莊InMemoriam>悼念LdyllsoftheKing>國王敘事詩 Break,Break,Break>CrossingtheBar>過沙洲wecanfeelhisfearlessnesstowardsdeath,hisfaithinGodandanafterlife.'Crossingthebar'meansleavingthisworldandenteringthenextworldUlysses>尤利西斯RobertBrowningoriginalpoet,whoimproveandmaturethedramaticmonologue（戲劇獨白）TheRingandtheBook>指環(huán)與書hismasterpiece.MyLastDuchess>我逝去的公爵夫人MeetingatNight>黑夜相會 PartingatMorning >晨別GeorgeEliotMiddlemarch>米德爾馬契asharpcontrastissetbetweenthecold,lifeless,dullhouseandDorotheawhoisfullofyouthfullifeandvigorDorotheaBrooke(abeautiful,intelligentyounglady)andLydgate(aproud,ambitiousyoungdoctor),bothfailinachievingtheirgoalsowingtothesocialenvironmentaswellastheirownvulnerabilities.（易受傷）ThomasHardybothanaturalistic andacriticalrealistwriterTessoftheD'Urbervilles>德伯家的苔絲Tess,asapurewomanbroughtupwiththetraditionalideaofwomanlyvirtues,isabusedanddestroyedbybothAlecandAngel,agentsofthedestructiveforceofthesociety.TheModernPeriodGeorgeBernardshaw-dramatist早期：Widowers’Houses CandidaMrs.Warren’sProfessionCaesarandCleopatra中期：ManandSuperman 晚期：BacktoMethuselah TheAppleCartJohnGalsworthyAconventionalwriter,havinginheritedthetraditionsofVictoriannovelistsofthecriticalrealismPlay：TheSilverBoxNovels：TheForsyteSaga AModernComedy(三部曲:TheManofProperty InChancery ToLet)WilliamButlerYeats<TheLakeIsleofInnisfree <TheLakeIsleofInnisfree><TheManWhoDreamedofFaeryland<SailingtoByzantiumexploredtheproblemsofdeath,love,oldageandart.7文檔收集于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，如有不妥請聯(lián)系刪除 .文檔來源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持.oneoftheimportantversedramatistsTheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrockTheWasteLandthemostfamouspoem，isapoemconcernedwiththespiritualbreakupofamoderncivilizationinwhichhumanlifehaslostitsmeaning,significanceandpurpose.AshWednesdayFourQuartetsD.H.LawrenceAutobiographicalnovel：SonsandLoversMasterpieces:TheRainbowWomeninLoveTheRainbow>themechanicalcivilizationisresponsiblefortheunhealthydevelopmentofhumanpersonalities,theperversionofloveandthefailureofhumanfulfillmentinmaritalrelationships.JamesJoyceDubliners:childhood,adolescence,maturityandpubliclifeAPortraitoftheArtistasaYoungManUlysses美國文學(xué)重點TheRomanticPeriodStartedwithWashingtonIrving'sTheSketchBook>endedwithWhitman'sLeavesofGrass>,Freeexpressionofemotion,escapesfromsociety,andreturntonatureNewEnglandTranscendentalism新英格蘭超驗主義RalphWaldoEmerson-thespokesmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalism（超驗主義）movementTheAmericanScholar>論美國學(xué)者,Self-Reliance>論自助,TheOver-Soul>ThePoet>Experience>HenryDavidThoreau梭羅——Walden>沃樂登Nature>論自然NathanielHawthorneTheScarletLetter>thescarletletterAisambiguous(不明確的).Andtheambiguityisoneofthesalient(顯著的)characteristicsofHawthorne’sart.YoungGoodmanBrown小伙子布朗>GoodmanBrown,aPuritan(清教徒),whoacceptsbothsocietyingeneralandhisfellowmenasindividualsworthhisregard,confrontedwiththevisionofhumanevilinoneterriblenight,andbecomesthereafterdistrustfulanddoubtful.WaltWhitmanOpenness,freedom,individualismFreeverseLeavesofGrassThereWasaChildWentForthCavalryCrossingaFordSongofMyselfTheRealisticPeriod:1865-1914WilliamDeanHowells(美國現(xiàn)實文學(xué)先驅(qū))：MarkTwain andHenryJames.MarkTwainthetruefatherofAmericanliteratureLocalcolorist,vernacular,simplesentence,wide-ranginghumor,bothrealisticallyandsymbolically,'thedamnedhumanrace'TheGildedAge>LifeontheMississippi>8文檔收集于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，如有不妥請聯(lián)系刪除 .文檔來源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持.AConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur’sCourtTheAdventuresofTomSawyerAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnHenryJamesthefirstAmericanwritertoconceivehiscareerininternationaltheme早期：TheAmericanDaisyMillerTheEuropeansThePortraitofALady中期：TheBostoniansTheTurnoftheScrewTheBeastintheJungle晚期：TheWingsoftheDoveTheAmbassadorsTheGoldenBowlEmilyDickinsonBasedonherownexperiences,hersorrowsandjoys,“l(fā)ettertotheworld”,aboutreligiousandimmortality（永生）,love,nature1)herpoemshavenotitles2)dashesareusedasmusicaldevicetocreatecadence（節(jié)奏）andcapitallettersasameansofemphasis.ThisismylettertotheWorld>expressDickinson'sanxietyabouthercommunicationwiththeoutsideworld.IheardaFlybuzz-whenIdied->descriptionofamomentofdeathIliketoseeitlaptheMiles>Dickinsonmakesthetrainpartofnaturebyanimalizingit,likeahorse.我愛看它舔食一哩又一哩BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath->personifydeathandimmortalitysoastomakehermessagestronglyfelt因為我不能停步等候死神TheodoreDreiserAmerica'sliterarynaturalistsJennieGerhardt>珍妮姑娘AnAmericanTragedy>美國的悲劇TrilogyofDesire欲望三部曲-<TheFinancier>金融家,<TheTitan>巨頭,<TheStoic>斯多葛<SisterCarrie>嘉麗妹妹EzraPoundTheModernPeriodaleadingspokesmanoftheImagist'Movement'(意象主義)TheCantos>詩章<InaStationoftheMetro>地鐵站一瞥TheRiver-Merchant'sWife:ALetter>河商的妻子APact>盟約RobertLeeFrost<AfterApple-Picking>摘蘋果后<TheRoadNotTaken>未選擇的路tellsushowthecourseofhislifewasdeterminedwhenhecameupontworoadsthatdivergedinawood.He‘tooktheonelesstraveledby,Andthathasmadeallthedifference.’<StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening>雪夜停馬在林邊thespeakerliterallystopshishorseinthewintertwilight(日出前)toobservethebeautyoftheforestscene,andthenismovedtocontinuehisjourney.EugeneO'NeillAmericas’greatestplaywright劇作家wonthePulitzerPrizefourtimesandwinaNobelPrize.BeyondtheHorizon>天外邊TheEmperorJones>瓊斯皇帝9文檔收集于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，如有不妥請聯(lián)系刪除 .文檔來源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持 .TheGreatGodBrown>偉大之神布朗 TheHairyApe>毛猿LongDay’sJourneyIntoNight>直到夜晚的漫長一天ThisSideofParadise>人間天堂hisfirstnovelTenderistheNight>夜色溫柔 TheLastTycoon>最后一個巨頭TheGreatGatsby了不起的蓋茨比>ErnestHemingway-awardedtheNobelPrizeInourTime>在我們的時代里 TheSunAlsoRises>太陽照樣升起AFarewelltoArms>永別了,武器ForWhomtheBellTolls>喪鐘為誰而鳴 TheOldManandtheSea>老人與海IndianCamp>fromInOurTime>WilliamFaulkner -awardedaNobelPrizeTheSoundandtheFury>喧囂與騷動 AsILayDying>我彌留之際Absalom,Absalom>押沙龍,押沙龍 LightinAugust>八月之光 TheBear>熊RoseforEmily>Emily,aneccentric(古怪的)spinster(老處女)whorefusestoacceptthepassageoftime,ortheinevitable(不可避免的)changeandlossthataccompaniesit.Sheisregardedasthesymboloftraditionandtheoldwayoflife.Thusherdeathislikethefallingofamonument.RobinsonCrusoe 魯濱孫Whatdidhedoonthedesolateisland?Theshiphaswrecked（失事）?Thenhesettleshimselfdowntoahardandlonelylife.Hegrowscrops,domesticates（馴養(yǎng)、教養(yǎng)）animalsandbuildscomfortablehomesforhimself.HesavesayoungNegrofromthehandsofsavages（野蠻人）.AndhenameshimFriday.Laterherescues3morepersons.Andfinally,hebecomeskingoftheisland.Hedwells（居?。﹐ntheislandfor28years.Oneday,herescuesaEnglishcaptainandreturnstoEnglandwiththecaptain.WhatkindofacharacterisRobinsonCrusoe?Hisidentity(race,gender（性別）,class)：amale,white,middle-class?Hispersonality:adventurousambitiouscourageousindependentIndustrious（勉強的）Whatdoweknowabouthisflaws（缺點）?Euro-centralism（自我為中心）Arrogance（傲慢自大）racialprejudice（種族歧視）DanielDefoe-thefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular(方言).RobinsonCrusoe>praisethehumanlaborandthePuritanfortitude清(教徒堅韌).anadventurestory,Robinson,narrateshowhegoestosea,getsshipwreckedandmarooned(放逐)onalonelyisland,strugglestolivefor24-yearsthereandfinallygetsrelievedandreturnstoEngland.Robinsongrewfromanativeandartlessyouthintoashrewdandhardenedman,temperedbynumeroustrialsinhiseventfullife.Unit5Whatispoetry?Poetryuseseverydimensionoflanguage,soitmustbeveryintenseorcompact.Poetrygrewoutofmusic,sosoundeffectwasmuchemphasized(強調(diào)).Theoriginsofpoetrycanbefoundinthecommunalexpression,probablyoriginally10文檔收集于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，如有不妥請聯(lián)系刪除 .文檔來源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理 .word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持 .takingtheformofdanceofthereligiousspirit.AnIntroductiontoEnglishPoetry1.Whatispoetry?（1）A literary form （2）Written in lines （3）Compressedcontent（4）Rich imagery （5）Beautiful harmony （6）Soundeffect2.KindsofPoetryPre-Romanticism（前期浪漫主義）AliteraltrendintheEnglishliteratureofthelatterhalfofthe18thcenturywhichcomposestheromancedevotedtothemedievaltimes.WilliamBlakeandRobertBurnsaretworepresentativesofpre-romanticistsTimespan:1760s–1790s(lasttwodecades)MajorFeaturesofPre-Romanticism(RomanticRevival)、Twopredominanttheme、Minorwriters、RobertBurns(1759-1796)（羅伯特.彭斯）P69anexcellentnativepoetofScotland,mostofhispoemswritteninScottishdialect(Scot).Livingmostofhislifeinpoverty,hewasoptimisticandpatriotic.LifeandLiteraryCareerBornofScottishparents;wrotepoetrywhilehelpingonthefarm.Firstsuccessinpoetry“PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect”(1786)Majorworksclassifiedintothreegroups:Onthemesofloveandfriendship:“AuldLangSyne”友誼地久天長“ARed,RedRose”一朵紅紅的玫瑰OnScottishlife,Rural(田園的)lifeoftheScottish（蘇格蘭的）peasants:“MyHeartintheHighlands ”“我的心呀在高原 ”O(jiān)npoliticallibertyandsocialequality: “ForA‘ThatandA’That”His“友誼地久天長”whichhavebeensungasapartingsonginmanyplacesoftheworldindifferentlanguages.Burn’s