220kv單回路架空輸電線路設(shè)計畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書

/r/n畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書（論文）/r/n題目：220kv單回路架空輸電線路設(shè)計/r/n/r/n

/r/n目錄/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n前言/r/n /r/n3/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n摘要/r/n /r/n4/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n第/r/n一/r/n章/r/n/r/n導(dǎo)線地線設(shè)計/r/n /r/n5/r/n /r/n5/r/n臨界檔距及控制氣象的判斷/r/n /r/n7/r/n1.3/r/n繪制應(yīng)力弧垂曲線繪制/r/n /r/n9/r/n地線比載計算/r/n /r/n13/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n第/r/n二/r/n章/r/n/r/n桿塔結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計/r/n /r/n /r/n16/r/n /r/n18/r/n /r/n22/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n第/r/n三/r/n章金具設(shè)計/r/n /r/n54/r/n /r/n54/r/n /r/n54/r/n /r/n56/r/n /r/n56/r/n /r/n58/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n第/r/n四/r/n章/r/n/r/n防雷/r/n設(shè)計/r/n /r/n59/r/n /r/n59/r/n /r/n60/r/n /r/n63/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n第/r/n五/r/n章/r/n/r/n基礎(chǔ)/r/n設(shè)計/r/n /r/n66/r/n /r/n66/r/n /r/n66/r/n /r/n67/r/n /r/n69/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n參考文獻/r/n /r/n7/r/n0/r/n前言/r/n隨著國民經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展和人民生活水平的提高，電力需求水平增長突出，為了滿足市場的需求，我國的電力工業(yè)在近50年來也得到了很大的發(fā)展。改革開放以來我國的電力工業(yè)快速發(fā)展，現(xiàn)在我國將要實現(xiàn)以超高壓和特高壓輸電線路為骨架，各個電壓等級的輸電線路協(xié)調(diào)運行的電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)。/r/n我國為推動電力能源在全國范圍內(nèi)的優(yōu)化配置，保障安全可靠的電力供應(yīng)而大力發(fā)展智能電網(wǎng)。近年來，隨著新技術(shù)的不斷應(yīng)用，跨區(qū)跨省電網(wǎng)建設(shè)快速推進，電網(wǎng)網(wǎng)架結(jié)構(gòu)得到進一步的加強和完善。/r/n在中西部地區(qū)資源和消費帶動下，隨著電網(wǎng)聯(lián)網(wǎng)建設(shè)，將逐步實現(xiàn)大區(qū)域或者全國電力電量平衡原則。而電網(wǎng)建設(shè)將配合電源基地建設(shè)，改變過去單獨依靠輸煤的模式，采取輸煤與輸電并舉的發(fā)展方式，通過特高壓、超高壓交直流，實施跨區(qū)、跨省，西電東送，南北互濟，水電交互，火電、水電、風(fēng)電、太陽能打捆送電。在實現(xiàn)高效率的智能化電網(wǎng)中/r/n220kv輸電線路將起著不可替代的作用！/r/n各地區(qū)的地形、地質(zhì)、氣象等自然環(huán)境比較復(fù)雜。在輸電線路建設(shè)中會遇到許多技術(shù)問題。通過大量的工程實踐，我們對高山地區(qū)、嚴重覆冰地區(qū)、臺風(fēng)地區(qū)、高海拔地區(qū)、不良地質(zhì)地區(qū)、地震災(zāi)害地區(qū)等特殊條件下，輸電線路的設(shè)計、施工和運行都積累了豐富的經(jīng)驗，已經(jīng)建立輸電線路有關(guān)的研究和試驗的機構(gòu)和設(shè)施。/r/n電力專家一致認為，要適應(yīng)我國電網(wǎng)未來快速發(fā)展的要求，確保電網(wǎng)的安全、穩(wěn)定、經(jīng)濟運行，在今后的電網(wǎng)建設(shè)中應(yīng)推動新技術(shù)應(yīng)用，以提高電網(wǎng)輸送能力，節(jié)約輸電走廊，提高線路投資效益。/r/n而/r/n220kv輸電線路的設(shè)計、施工和運行經(jīng)驗是最完善的，它將為今后發(fā)展超高壓、大容量輸電線路的建設(shè)創(chuàng)造十分有利條件。/r/n摘要/r/n隨著國民經(jīng)濟快速增長，各地電網(wǎng)建設(shè)迅猛發(fā)展，從過去的“幾年建一條線路”到現(xiàn)在的“一年建幾條線路”實現(xiàn)了跨越式發(fā)展，供電可靠性進一步提高，電網(wǎng)輸送能力大大增強，但輸電線路建設(shè)的內(nèi)部環(huán)境和外部空間卻越來越小。如何應(yīng)對新形勢，最大限度地滿足電網(wǎng)建設(shè)需要已成為技術(shù)部門不斷研究的課題。本文從設(shè)計角度圍繞/r/n導(dǎo)線的選擇和導(dǎo)線的風(fēng)荷載以及桿塔的定位和校驗，桿塔的結(jié)構(gòu)，金具的選擇，基礎(chǔ)的設(shè)計，防雷接地的設(shè)計等方面提出了意見和看法。本論文的設(shè)計分為二個部分，第一部分為設(shè)計和計算部分，通過設(shè)計地形，選擇導(dǎo)線，計算相關(guān)參數(shù)能確定導(dǎo)線弧垂位置，桿塔的結(jié)構(gòu)和形狀以及荷載情況。第二部分為校驗階段，根據(jù)220KV輸電線路高安全性，保證送電線路穩(wěn)定運行等條件，進行詳細準確的荷載、間隙、電阻值等校驗，為提高線路安全運行的安全系數(shù)提供有利參數(shù)。/r/n關(guān)鍵詞/r/n/r/n輸電線路/r/n/r/n桿塔設(shè)計防雷設(shè)計金具設(shè)計/r/n第/r/n1/r/n章導(dǎo)/r/n線地線設(shè)計/r/n1/r/n.1/r/n導(dǎo)線比載/r/n計算/r/n1/r/n相關(guān)參數(shù)的確定/r/n本架空送電線路設(shè)計中，導(dǎo)線選用/r/nLGJ-/r/n300/r/n//r/n7/r/n0/r/n型鋼芯鋁絞線，查閱鋼芯鋁絞線規(guī)格表/r/n（GB1179-83）/r/n得LGJ-/r/n3/r/n00//r/n7/r/n0/r/n導(dǎo)線的規(guī)格參數(shù)如表2-1/r/n表2-1LGJ-/r/n300/r/n//r/n7/r/n0/r/n導(dǎo)線規(guī)格參數(shù)/r/n總截面積/r/nA（mm/r/n2/r/n）/r/n導(dǎo)線外徑/r/nd（mm）/r/n計算質(zhì)量/r/nG/r/nTa/r/n（/r/nkg/km/r/n）/r/n計算拉斷力/r/nT/r/nm/r/n（N/r/n）/r/n1402/r/n128000/r/n查閱鋼芯鋁絞線彈性系數(shù)和膨脹系數(shù)表（/r/nGB1179-83/r/n）得導(dǎo)線的彈性系數(shù)和膨脹系數(shù)如表/r/n2/r/n-2/r/n表2-2LGJ/r/n300/7/r/n0/r/n導(dǎo)線彈性系數(shù)和膨脹系數(shù)/r/n線膨脹系數(shù)/r/nα/r/n（/r/n1//r/no/r/nC/r/n）/r/n最終彈性系數(shù)/r/nE（N/mm/r/n2/r/n）/r/n×10/r/n-6/r/n8/r/n000/r/n0/r/n線路穿越第/r/nⅧ/r/n氣象區(qū)，查閱全國典型氣象區(qū)氣象參數(shù)表得/r/n第/r/nⅢ/r/n氣象區(qū)氣象條件：覆冰厚度/r/nb=/r/n1/r/n5/r/nmm，覆冰時風(fēng)速/r/nv/r/n=15/r/nm/s，最大風(fēng)速/r/nv/r/n=/r/n30/r/nm/s，雷電過電壓時風(fēng)速/r/nm/s，內(nèi)過電壓時風(fēng)速/r/nv/r/n=15/r/nm/s。/r/n1/r/n導(dǎo)線比載計算/r/n作用在導(dǎo)線上的機械荷載有自重、冰重和風(fēng)壓。這些荷載可能是不均勻的，但為了便于計算，一般按沿導(dǎo)線均勻分布考慮。在導(dǎo)線計算中，常把導(dǎo)線受到得機械荷載用比載表示，所以比載是指導(dǎo)線單位長度、單位截面積上的荷載。常用的比載共有七種，計算如下：/r/n1./r/n/r/n自重比載：導(dǎo)線本身重量所造成的比載。/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n2./r/n/r/n冰重比載：導(dǎo)線覆冰時，由于冰重產(chǎn)生的比載。/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n3./r/n/r/n覆冰時導(dǎo)線的垂直總比載：架空線自重比載和冰重比載之和。/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n4./r/n/r/n無冰時風(fēng)壓比載：無冰時作用在導(dǎo)線上每米長每平方毫米的風(fēng)壓荷載。計算公式：/r/n當風(fēng)速/r/nm/s時，風(fēng)壓不均勻系數(shù)/r/n，因為導(dǎo)線直徑/r/nm/r/nm/r/n﹥/r/n17mm/r/n，故導(dǎo)線的風(fēng)載體型系數(shù)/r/n，風(fēng)向與架空線軸線之間的夾角/r/n，此時風(fēng)壓比載為：/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n當風(fēng)速/r/nm/s時，風(fēng)壓不均勻系數(shù)/r/n，/r/n導(dǎo)線的風(fēng)載體型系數(shù)/r/n，風(fēng)向與架空線軸線之間的夾角/r/n，此時風(fēng)壓比載為：/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n/r/n/r/n當風(fēng)速/r/nm/s時，風(fēng)壓不均勻系數(shù)/r/n，/r/n導(dǎo)線的風(fēng)載體型系/r/n數(shù)/r/n，風(fēng)向與架空線軸線之間的夾角/r/n，此時風(fēng)壓比載為：/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n5./r/n/r/n覆冰時風(fēng)壓比載：覆冰導(dǎo)線每米長每平方毫米的風(fēng)壓荷載。/r/n覆冰時風(fēng)速/r/nm/s，查得風(fēng)速不均勻系數(shù)/r/n，導(dǎo)線的風(fēng)載體型系數(shù)/r/n，風(fēng)向與架空線軸線之間的夾角/r/n，此時風(fēng)壓比載為：/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n6./r/n/r/n無冰有風(fēng)時的綜合比載：無冰有風(fēng)時，導(dǎo)線上作用著垂直方向的比載和水平方向的比載，按向量合成得綜合比載。/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n7./r/n/r/n有冰有風(fēng)時的綜合比載：導(dǎo)線覆冰有風(fēng)時，綜合比載為垂直比載和覆冰風(fēng)壓比載的向量和。/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n1/r/n.2/r/n/r/n臨界檔距及控制氣象的判斷/r/n1/r/n導(dǎo)線的機械物理特性/r/n1./r/n導(dǎo)線的抗拉強度：導(dǎo)線的計算拉斷力與導(dǎo)線的計算接面積的比值稱為導(dǎo)線的抗拉強度或瞬時破壞應(yīng)力。/r/n/r/nMPa/r/n2./r/n/r/n最大使用應(yīng)力：/r/nMP/r/n其中K為導(dǎo)線地線的安全系數(shù)，在設(shè)計中K取值不應(yīng)小于2.5，避雷線的設(shè)計安全系數(shù)，宜大于導(dǎo)線的設(shè)計安全系數(shù)。/r/n3./r/n年平均運行應(yīng)力上限：/r/nMPa/r/n1/r/n可能控制氣象條件列表/r/n根據(jù)比載、控制應(yīng)力，將有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)按/r/n值由小到大列出表格，并按A、B、C、D順序編號，如表/r/n2/r/n-3/r/n所示/r/n表2-3可能的控制氣象條件列表/r/n最低氣溫/r/n最大風(fēng)速/r/n年平均氣溫/r/n覆冰/r/n比載/r/n(N/m-mm/r/n2/r/n)/r/n×10/r/n-3/r/n×10/r/n-3/r/n×10/r/n-3/r/n84.43/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/n應(yīng)力/r/n(MPa)/r/n溫度(/r/no/r/nC)/r/n-20/r/n-5/r/n+1/r/n0/r/n-5/r/ng/[/r/nσ/r/n](1/m)/r/n×10/r/n-4/r/n×10/r/n-4/r/n×10/r/n-4/r/n×10/r/n-4/r/n排列序號/r/nA/r/nB/r/nC/r/nD/r/n1/r/n臨界檔距計算/r/nm/r/n1/r/n控制條件確定/r/n列出臨界檔距控制條件判別表，如表/r/n2-4/r/n所示/r/n表2-4有效臨界檔距判別表/r/n(m)/r/nA/r/nB/r/nC/r/nD/r/nl/r/nAB/r/n=/r/nl/r/nBC/r/n=虛數(shù)/r/nl/r/nCD/r/n=/r/nl/r/nAC/r/n=虛數(shù)/r/nl/r/nBD/r/n=/r/n0/r/nl/r/nAD/r/n=/r/n/r/nD控制/r/n/r/n0/r/nl/r/nL/r/n(m)/r/n圖2-1控制條件的控制范圍/r/n綜上所述，/r/nC、D即/r/n年平均氣溫/r/n、覆冰/r/n為控制氣象。/r/n1/r/n.3/r/n繪制/r/n應(yīng)力弧垂曲線/r/n繪制/r/n計算各控制氣象條件下的應(yīng)力利用如下公式：/r/n整理得：/r/n弧垂計算公式：/r/n./r/n求的各氣象條件下的應(yīng)力如表/r/n1./r/n最高氣溫條件下的應(yīng)力弧垂/r/n如表/r/n2-3-1/r/n表/r/n2-3-1/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n此時gj=g1=/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/nN/m-mm2/r/n/r/ntj=40/r/n℃/r/nL/r/n(m)/r/n50/r/n100/r/n150/r/n200/r/n250/r/n300/r/n350/r/n400/r/n450/r/n500/r/nσ/r/n(mpa)/r/nF/r/n(m)/r/n2./r/n最大風(fēng)/r/n條件下應(yīng)力弧垂/r/n如表/r/n2-3-2/r/n表/r/n2-3-2/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n此時gj=g7=/r/n×/r/n10-3N/m-mm2/r/n/r/ntj=-/r/n5/r/nL(m)/r/n50/r/n100/r/n150/r/n200/r/n250/r/n300/r/n350/r/n400/r/n450/r/n500/r/nσ/r/n(mpa)/r/nF/r/n(m)/r/n3.覆冰條件下應(yīng)力弧垂如表/r/n2-3-3/r/n表/r/n2-3-3/r/n/r/n/r/n×/r/n10-3N/m-mm2/r/n/r/ntj=-5/r/n℃/r/nL(m)/r/n50/r/n100/r/n150/r/n200/r/n250/r/n300/r/n350/r/n400/r/n450/r/n500/r/nσ/r/n(mpa)/r/nF/r/n(m)/r/n4/r/n./r/n大氣過電壓/r/n條件下應(yīng)力/r/n如表/r/n2-3-/r/n表/r/n2-3-/r/n4/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n此時gj=g1=/r/n×/r/n10-3N/m-mm2/r/n/r/ntj=/r/n15/r/nL(m)/r/n50/r/n100/r/n150/r/n200/r/n250/r/n300/r/n350/r/n400/r/n450/r/n500/r/nσ/r/n(mpa)/r/n5/r/n./r/n最低氣溫/r/n條件下應(yīng)力/r/n如表/r/n2-3-/r/n表/r/n2-3-/r/n5/r/n/r/n此時/r/n=36./r/n48/r/n×/r/n10-3N/m-mm2/r/n/r/ntj=-/r/n20/r/n℃/r/nL(m)/r/n50/r/n100/r/n150/r/n200/r/n250/r/n300/r/n350/r/n400/r/n450/r/n500/r/nσ/r/n(mpa)/r/n6/r/n.大氣過電壓（有風(fēng)）條件下應(yīng)力/r/n如表/r/n2-3-/r/n表/r/n2-3-/r/n6/r/n/r/n/r/n此時gj=/r/n×/r/n10-3N/m-mm2/r/n/r/ntj=/r/nL/r/n(m)/r/n50/r/n100/r/n150/r/n200/r/n250/r/n300/r/n350/r/n400/r/n450/r/n500/r/nσ/r/n(mpa)/r/n7/r/n.安裝條件下應(yīng)力/r/n如表/r/n2-3-/r/n表/r/n2-3-/r/n7/r/n/r/n此時gj=g1=/r/n×/r/n10-3N/m-mm2tj=/r/n-10/r/nL/r/n(m)/r/n50/r/n100/r/n150/r/n200/r/n250/r/n300/r/n350/r/n400/r/n450/r/n500/r/nσ/r/n(mpa)/r/n1/r/n8/r/n.內(nèi)過電壓條件下應(yīng)力/r/n如表/r/n2-3-/r/n表/r/n2-3-/r/n8/r/n/r/n此時gj=g1=/r/n×/r/n10-3N/m-mm2tj=1/r/n0/r/nL/r/n(m)/r/n50/r/n100/r/n150/r/n200/r/n250/r/n300/r/n350/r/n400/r/n450/r/n500/r/nσ/r/n(mpa)/r/n9/r/n.大氣過電壓（無風(fēng)）條件下應(yīng)力/r/n如表/r/n2-3-/r/n表/r/n2-3-/r/n9/r/n/r/n/r/n此時gj=g1=/r/n×/r/n10-3N/m-mm2/r/n/r/ntj=15/r/nL/r/n(m)/r/n50/r/n100/r/n150/r/n200/r/n250/r/n300/r/n350/r/n400/r/n450/r/n500/r/nσ/r/n(mpa)/r/n10.年平均運行應(yīng)力條件下應(yīng)力如表/r/n2-3-10/r/n表/r/n2-3-10/r/n×/r/n10-3N/m-mm2tj=10/r/n℃/r/nL(m)/r/n50/r/n100/r/n150/r/n200/r/n250/r/n300/r/n350/r/n400/r/n450/r/n500/r/nσ/r/n(mpa)/r/n1/r/n./r/n/r/n繪制/r/n線路安裝時不同溫度和檔距下的應(yīng)力和弧垂如表/r/n2-4-1/r/n表/r/n2-4-1/r/n此時gj=/r/n×/r/n10-3N/m-mm2/r/n溫度/r/nL(m)/r/n50/r/n100/r/n150/r/n200/r/n250/r/n300/r/n350/r/n400/r/n450/r/n500/r/n-/r/n20/r/nσ/r/nf/r/n-15/r/nσ/r/nf/r/n-10/r/nσ/r/nf/r/n-5/r/nσ/r/nf/r/n0/r/nσ/r/nf/r/n5/r/nσ/r/nf/r/n10/r/nσ/r/n8/r/nf/r/n15/r/nσ/r/nf/r/n20/r/nσ/r/n2/r/nf/r/n25/r/nσ/r/nf/r/n注:L(m),/r/nσ/r/n(mpa),/r/n/r/nf(m),溫度(oC)/r/n1/r/n./r/n4/r/n/r/n地線比載/r/n計算/r/n1/r/n./r/n4/r/n本架空送電線路設(shè)計中，導(dǎo)線選用/r/nLGJ-/r/n300/r/n//r/n7/r/n0型鋼芯鋁絞線，查閱避雷線與導(dǎo)線配合表選用避雷線型號/r/nJLB4/r/n-/r/n15/r/n0，鍍鋅鋼絞線規(guī)格表得/r/nJLB4-150/r/n地線的規(guī)格參數(shù)如表2-5/r/n表2-5J/r/nLB4/r/n-/r/n15/r/n0導(dǎo)線規(guī)格參數(shù)/r/n總截面積/r/nA（mm/r/n2/r/n）/r/n導(dǎo)線外徑/r/nd（mm）/r/n計算質(zhì)量/r/nG/r/nTa/r/n（/r/nkg/km/r/n）/r/n計算拉斷力/r/nT/r/nm/r/n（N/r/n）/r/n58720/r/n查閱鍍鋅鋁絞線彈性系數(shù)和膨脹系數(shù)表（/r/nSDJ3-79/r/n）得導(dǎo)線的彈性系數(shù)和膨脹系數(shù)如表/r/n2-6/r/n表2-6GJ-70導(dǎo)線彈性系數(shù)和膨脹系數(shù)/r/n線膨脹系數(shù)/r/nα/r/n（/r/n1//r/no/r/nC/r/n）/r/n最終彈性系數(shù)/r/nE（N/mm/r/n2/r/n）/r/n13/r/n×10/r/n-6/r/n109000/r/n線路穿越第/r/nⅧ/r/n氣象區(qū)，查閱全國典型氣象區(qū)氣象參數(shù)表得/r/n第/r/nⅧ/r/n氣象/r/n區(qū)氣象條件：覆冰厚度b=/r/n1/r/n5mm，覆冰時風(fēng)速/r/nm/s，最大風(fēng)速/r/nv/r/n=/r/n30/r/nm/s，雷電過電壓時風(fēng)速/r/nm/s，內(nèi)過電壓時風(fēng)速/r/nm/s。/r/n1/r/n./r/n1/r/n./r/n自重比載：有地線本身自重引起的比載。/r/ng/r/n1/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n2/r/n./r/n冰重比載：由于第I氣象區(qū)的覆冰厚度為零，故冰重比載為/r/ng/r/n2/r/n(0,0)=/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-32/r/n/r/n3/r/n./r/n覆冰時地線的垂直總比載：架空線自重比載和冰重比載之和。/r/ng/r/n3/r/n(0,0)=g/r/n1/r/n+g/r/n2/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n/r/n4/r/n./r/n地線風(fēng)壓比載：導(dǎo)線每單位長度、每單位截面積上的風(fēng)壓荷載。/r/n/r/ng/r/n4/r/n=/r/n·/r/nsin/r/n2/r/nθ×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/n當v=/r/n30m/r/n/s時/r/n=/r/n0.85c/r/n=1.1/r/nθ/r/n=90/r/n°/r/ng/r/n4/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n當v=15m/s時/r/n=1.0c=1.1/r/nθ/r/n=90/r/n°/r/ng/r/n4/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n當v=10m/s時/r/nθ/r/n=90/r/n°/r/ng/r/n4/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n/r/n5/r/n./r/n復(fù)冰時風(fēng)壓比載：覆冰時導(dǎo)線每單位長度、每單位截面積的風(fēng)壓荷載。/r/ng/r/n5/r/n（15.15）=/r/n·/r/nsin/r/n2/r/nθ×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n6/r/n./r/n無冰有風(fēng)時的綜合比載：在地線上垂直方向作用的自重和風(fēng)壓比載的幾何和。/r/n/r/ng/r/n5/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/ng/r/n5/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/ng/r/n5/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n7/r/n有冰有風(fēng)時綜合比載：是垂直總比載與復(fù)冰風(fēng)壓比載的幾何和。/r/ng/r/n7/r/n=/r/ng/r/n7/r/n（/r/n1/r/n5,/r/n15/r/n）/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n1./r/n4/r/n.3/r/n1/r/n./r/n/r/n地線的抗拉強度：地線的計算拉斷力與地線的計算截面積的比值稱為地線的抗拉強度或瞬時破壞應(yīng)力。/r/nσ/r/n2/r/n./r/n最大應(yīng)力：/r/nσ/r/nmax=/r/nσ/r/np/K=158.63MPa（K=2.5）/r/n其中K為導(dǎo)線地線的安全系數(shù)，在設(shè)計中K取值不應(yīng)小于2.5，避雷線的設(shè)計安全系數(shù)，宜大于導(dǎo)線的設(shè)計安全系數(shù)。/r/n3/r/n./r/n平均應(yīng)力:/r/nσ/r/n=/r/nσ/r/np/r/n×/r/n第/r/n2/r/n章桿塔定位/r/n桿塔定位，是把桿塔的位置測設(shè)到已經(jīng)選好的線路中線上，并釘立桿塔樁作為標志。/r/n2/r/n.1桿塔定位/r/n.1/r/n桿塔的定位高度/r/n桿塔定位的主要要求是使導(dǎo)線上任一點在任何正常運行情況下都保證有足夠的對地和其他被交叉跨越物的安全距離。假定某檔距及兩側(cè)桿塔高度已定，畫出最下層導(dǎo)線在最大弧垂時的懸掛曲線1，最大弧垂/r/n由下式確定：/r/n式中/r/n——/r/n桿塔的定位高度，/r/nm/r/n；/r/n/r/n——/r/n桿塔的呼稱高度，m；/r/n/r/n——/r/n對地安全距離，/r/n/r/nm；/r/n/r/n——/r/n懸掛絕緣子串長，/r/n/r/nm；/r/n/r/n——/r/n考慮各種誤差的裕度，m。/r/n選用/r/n2/r/nB/r/n-Z/r/nM1/r/n桿塔呼稱高/r/nm；/r/n220/r/nKV線路經(jīng)過非居民區(qū)時，對地安全距離/r/nm；絕緣子串由/r/n1/r/n5/r/n片X/r/nW/r/nP-/r/n6/r/n絕緣子組成，總長/r/nm；各種誤差的施工裕度/r/nm。則/r/n最大弧垂/r/n為：/r/nm/r/n此時要檢查導(dǎo)線對地距離是否滿足安全距離的要求，就要逐點檢查。為此，可將導(dǎo)線兩端懸掛點在桿塔上下移一段對地安全距離/r/n后，畫出導(dǎo)線的懸掛曲線2，此時只要曲線2不與地面相交，則實際導(dǎo)線懸掛曲線處滿足對地安全距離的要求。于是，稱曲線2為導(dǎo)線的對地安全線，導(dǎo)線懸掛點下移后桿塔施工基面間的高差值稱為桿塔的定位高度（簡稱定位高），用/r/n表示。/r/n2/r/n./r/n最大弧垂氣象條件時的導(dǎo)線懸掛點曲線按縱斷面圖相同的縱、橫比例尺縮小，然后刻在硬質(zhì)板材上所得的模板，稱為定位模板，其制作方法是：/r/n1./r/n判定線路經(jīng)過地區(qū)最大弧垂的氣象條件為最/r/n高/r/n氣溫氣象條件。/r/n2./r/n估計耐張段代表檔距/r/n：/r/n在應(yīng)力-弧垂曲線上查出最大氣溫氣象條件時最大弧垂/r/n對應(yīng)的檔距/r/nm/r/n，即定位檔距。/r/n以乘以定位檔距/r/n作為估算的代表檔距/r/nm/r/n。/r/n3./r/n由此代表檔距在應(yīng)力-弧垂曲線上查出最大氣溫氣象條件時的應(yīng)力/r/nMPa/r/n；比載/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n。/r/n4./r/n導(dǎo)線懸掛起來為一條懸鏈線，其曲線方程：/r/n將上數(shù)值帶入得：/r/n5./r/n制作模板，把模板曲線畫一條曲線，是最大弧垂曲線，在其下端相距/r/n畫對地安全線（比例：橫向/r/n1：/r/n5/r/n00/r/n0，縱向/r/n1/r/n：/r/n5/r/n00/r/n）。/r/n2/r/n./r/n終端塔、轉(zhuǎn)角塔、耐張塔先行定位。再排直線塔位，步驟是：/r/n1./r/n從耐張桿開始排起，計算桿塔的定位高度：/r/n耐張塔：/r/nm/r/n；/r/n直線塔：/r/n/r/nm。/r/n在耐張桿上自地面向上量取/r/n1/r/n6/r/n.7/r/nm/r/n，使限距曲線通過桿塔，且與地面相切，并要求模板的縱軸始終保持垂直。/r/n2./r/n量取限距曲線與地面的垂直距離/r/n1/r/nm/r/n3./r/n移動模板使限距曲線通過已定位的上一基直線塔，并與地面相切。/r/n4./r/n再次量取限距曲線與地面的垂直距離/r/nm/r/n，則此位置即為下一基直線桿的位置。/r/n5./r/n后面桿塔依次排定。/r/n2/r/n./r/n2/r/n定位后校驗/r/n初步排定塔位后，應(yīng)對線路各部分的設(shè)計進行校驗，以驗證所定塔位是否超過了設(shè)計規(guī)定的允許條件如果超了，則需再調(diào)整塔位。/r/n本線路直線塔和耐張塔都選擇2/r/n A/r/n-ZB/r/n3/r/n塔，該塔的最大線間距離為m，適用的水平檔距為/r/n450m/r/n，垂直檔距為/r/n550m/r/n，當表檔距為/r/n500m/r/n。/r/n2/r/n./r/n水平檔距、垂直檔距應(yīng)不超過設(shè)計條件。/r/n水平檔距為相鄰檔距的平均值：/r/nm/r/n；/r/nm/r/n；/r/nm/r/n；/r/nm/r/n./r/n最大弧垂時的垂直檔距從縱斷面圖上直接量得：/r/nm/r/n；/r/nm；/r/nm；/r/nm./r/n2/r/n./r/n2/r/nA/r/n-Z/r/nB3酒杯型/r/n塔的最大線間距離/r/nm，最大線間距離/r/n與最大弧垂/r/n的關(guān)系是：/r/n式中/r/nλ/r/n——/r/n懸垂絕緣子串長度，m；/r/nU/r/n——/r/n線路額定電壓，kv。/r/n則最大弧垂/r/n為：/r/nm/r/n算出最大弧垂/r/n后由式/r/n求得最大允許檔距/r/n：/r/nm。/r/n經(jīng)計算校驗，其結(jié)果均符合設(shè)計要求。/r/n2/r/n./r/n曲線按下式計算并繪出/r/n式中h/r/n——————————/r/n懸掛點高差/r/nσ—————————/r/n導(dǎo)線最低點最大使用應(yīng)力/r/nl/r/n——————————/r/n檔距/r/ng/r/n——————————/r/n與/r/nσ/r/nM0/r/n相對應(yīng)情況下的導(dǎo)線比載/r/n經(jīng)計算得/r/nl/r/n0/r/n100/r/n200/r/n400/r/n600/r/n800/r/n900/r/n1000/r/n1200/r/n1400/r/n1600/r/n1760/r/nh/r/n0/r/n42/r/n79/r/n138/r/n177/r/n195/r/n196/r/n192/r/n170/r/n128/r/n65/r/n0/r/n檢查方法：按實際檔距和高差在圖中得到的點，落在曲線下方，表明懸點應(yīng)力未超過允許值，反之則超過./r/n2/r/n./r/n在垂直檔距較大的地方，架空線在懸垂線夾出口處的懸垂角（傾斜角）可能會超過線夾的允許值，致使附加彎曲應(yīng)力增大，架空線在線夾出口處受到損壞，因而需要對架空線的懸垂角進行校驗。導(dǎo)線的最大懸垂角發(fā)生在最大弧垂（即最高氣溫氣象）時，對于船體能自由轉(zhuǎn)動的線夾，可按下式計算導(dǎo)線的最大垂直檔距：/r/n式中/r/n——/r/n懸垂線夾的允許懸垂角，取/r/n25/r/no/r/n；/r/n/r/n/r/n——/r/n代表檔距下導(dǎo)線最大弧垂時的應(yīng)力，MPa；/r/n/r/n——/r/n代表檔距下導(dǎo)線最大弧垂時的比載，/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n；/r/n/r/n——/r/n分別為被檢驗桿塔兩側(cè)垂直檔距，即懸掛點距兩側(cè)弧垂最低點間的水平距離，m。/r/n將各數(shù)值帶入式中得：/r/n繪制懸垂角臨界區(qū)線，如圖/r/n3-4/r/n。/r/n校驗結(jié)果：從縱斷面圖上量取桿塔兩側(cè)的垂直檔距/r/n，在圖3-4中得到的對應(yīng)點均在曲線的下方，校驗合格。/r/n2/r/n./r/n/r/n根據(jù)規(guī)程最小空氣間隙為/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n①/r/n基本風(fēng)壓：/r/n/r/n式中V/r/n—/r/n平均最大風(fēng)速，以m/s代入。/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n②/r/n絕緣子串所受風(fēng)壓：/r/n/r/nn/r/n2/r/n=1/r/n5/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n③/r/n導(dǎo)線風(fēng)荷載計算：/r/n/r/n=1.1/r/n；/r/n；/r/n；/r/n則/r/n/r/n/r/n④/r/n導(dǎo)線重力荷載/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n⑤/r/n絕緣子串風(fēng)偏角：/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n根據(jù)/r/n制作間隙圓校驗圖，三種氣象條件下間隙圓校驗合格。/r/n2./r/n3/r/n桿塔荷載計算/r/n2./r/n3/r/n表2/r/n—/r/n1各種荷載組合氣象條件/r/n組合氣象條件/r/n風(fēng)速（m/s)/r/n冰厚(mm)/r/n氣溫(/r/n℃/r/n）/r/n/r/n正常運行情況/r/n最大風(fēng)/r/n30/r/n0/r/n-5/r/n最大覆冰/r/n1/r/n5/r/n1/r/n5/r/n-5/r/n最低氣溫/r/n0/r/n0/r/n-/r/n2/r/n0/r/n事故情況/r/n斷導(dǎo)線/r/n0/r/n0/r/n-5/r/n斷地線/r/n0/r/n0/r/n-5/r/n安裝情況/r/n吊線錨線掛線牽引/r/n10/r/n0/r/n-5/r/n2./r/n3/r/n表2/r/n—/r/n2導(dǎo)線地線技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)/r/n導(dǎo)線型號/r/n導(dǎo)線外徑/r/n導(dǎo)線截面積/r/n導(dǎo)線計算重量/r/n導(dǎo)線計算拉斷力/r/nLGJ300/70/r/nd=/r/n2mm/r/nA=/r/nmm/r/n2/r/n1402/r/nkg/r/n128000/r/nN/r/n地線型號/r/n地線外徑/r/n地線截面積/r/n地線計算重量/r/n地線計算拉斷力/r/nJLB/r/n4/r/n-150/r/nd=/r/nA=/r/n2/r/n/km/r/n58720N/r/n表2/r/n—/r/n3絕緣子串金具和防振錘數(shù)量和重量表/r/n項目/r/n絕緣子片數(shù)/r/n金具/r/n防振錘/r/n合計/r/n導(dǎo)線/r/n型號與數(shù)量/r/n1/r/n5/r/n片（XWP-/r/n6/r/n）/r/n1套/r/n1個（f/r/nd/r/n-5）/r/n重量/r/n15/r/n×/r/nkg/r/nkg/r/n1/r/n×/r/nkg/r/n地線/r/n型號與數(shù)量/r/n無/r/n1套/r/n4個（f/r/nd/r/n-4）/r/n重量/r/n無/r/n4/r/n×/r/n桿塔定位的水平檔距480m，垂直檔距528m。/r/n2./r/n3/r/n.3/r/n./r/n2./r/n3/r/n.3/r/n.1/r/n直線塔荷載計算正常運行情況最大風(fēng)（v=/r/n30/r/nm/r/n/s，b=/r/n0mm/r/n1./r/n導(dǎo)線風(fēng)荷載/r/n基本風(fēng)壓/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n導(dǎo)線體形系數(shù)/r/nμ/r/ns/r/n=1.1(因為d=/r/n25./r/n2mm＞17mm)/r/n表2/r/n—/r/n4/r/n風(fēng)壓不均勻系數(shù)/r/n和電線風(fēng)壓荷載調(diào)整系數(shù)/r/n風(fēng)速V（m/s）/r/nV/r/n≤/r/n10/r/nV＝15/r/n20/r/n≤/r/nV＜30/r/n30/r/n≤/r/nV＜35/r/nV/r/n≥/r/n35/r/n計算桿塔荷載/r/n校驗桿塔電氣間隙/r/n0.61/r/n計算500kv桿塔荷載/r/n風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/nμ/r/nz/r/n的計算如下（本次設(shè)計地表為B類地表）/r/n地表的粗糙程度，按規(guī)范，可分為A、B、C三類。A類指近海海面、海島、海岸、湖岸及沙漠地區(qū)；B類指田野、鄉(xiāng)村、叢林、丘陵及城郊；C類指有密集建筑群、有眾多高層建筑的大城市市區(qū)。/r/n表2/r/n—/r/n5/r/n對于330kv及以下桿塔，/r/n的計算公式/r/nA類地區(qū)/r/nB類地區(qū)/r/nC類地區(qū)/r/n導(dǎo)線風(fēng)荷載調(diào)整系數(shù)/r/nβ/r/nc=1/r/n風(fēng)壓不均勻系數(shù)/r/nα/r/n絕緣子串長度/r/nλ/r/n=m/r/n導(dǎo)線弧垂取f/r/nd/r/n導(dǎo)線的平均高度/r/nm/r/n/r/n將以上各值代入下式得/r/n2./r/n地線風(fēng)荷載/r/n導(dǎo)線體形系數(shù)/r/nμ/r/ns/r/n風(fēng)壓不均勻系數(shù)/r/nα/r/n導(dǎo)線風(fēng)荷載調(diào)整系數(shù)/r/nβ/r/nc=1/r/n地線弧垂f/r/nd/r/n地線金具長度/r/nλ/r/n地線平均高度/r/n風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/n將以上各值代入下式得/r/n3./r/n絕緣子串風(fēng)壓荷載/r/n直線塔絕緣子串數(shù)n/r/n1/r/n=1每聯(lián)中絕緣子片數(shù)n/r/n2/r/n=/r/n15/r/n/r/n直線塔風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/n4/r/nm/r/n2/r/n/r/n將以上各值代入下式得/r/n4./r/n主桿風(fēng)荷載/r/n1）塔身風(fēng)荷載/r/n風(fēng)壓調(diào)整系數(shù)/r/n/r/n（根據(jù)塔全高選擇）/r/n風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/n結(jié)構(gòu)體形系數(shù)/r/n（/r/n）/r/nk/r/n=0./r/n2/r/n×/r/n2/r/n將以上各值代入下式得/r/n2/r/n）/r/n塔頭風(fēng)荷載/r/n風(fēng)壓調(diào)整系數(shù)/r/n/r/n（根據(jù)塔全高選擇）/r/n風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/n結(jié)構(gòu)體形系數(shù)/r/n（/r/n）/r/nk/r/n=0./r/n3/r/n×/r/n2/r/n5./r/n橫擔風(fēng)荷載/r/n風(fēng)壓調(diào)整系數(shù)/r/n/r/n（根據(jù)塔全高選擇）/r/n結(jié)構(gòu)體形系數(shù)/r/n（/r/n）/r/n風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/n沿風(fēng)向投影面積F/r/n上k/r/n=0./r/n3/r/n×/r/n2/r/n6./r/n導(dǎo)線重力荷載/r/n雙導(dǎo)線n=/r/n1/r/n垂直擋距Lv=528m/r/n導(dǎo)線單位長重量/r/n導(dǎo)線重力荷載/r/n7./r/n地線重力荷載/r/n雙導(dǎo)線n=2/r/n垂直擋距Lv=528m/r/n地線單位長重量/r/n地線重力荷載/r/n8./r/n絕緣子金具防振錘及地線掛點金具防振錘荷載/r/n見表2-3/r/n9./r/n塔重/r/n2./r/n3/r/n.3/r/n.2/r/n直線塔荷載計算/r/n正常運行情況的最大覆冰（/r/n/r/nV=/r/n1/r/n5/r/nm/r/n/s/r/nb=/r/n1/r/n5mm/r/n/r/n1./r/n導(dǎo)線風(fēng)荷載/r/n基本風(fēng)壓/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n導(dǎo)線風(fēng)荷載調(diào)整系數(shù)/r/nβ/r/nc=1/r/n風(fēng)壓不均勻系數(shù)/r/nα/r/n導(dǎo)線體形系數(shù)/r/nμ/r/ns/r/n=1.1(因為d=26.82mm＞17mm)/r/n覆冰時導(dǎo)線外徑d=2+/r/n2/r/n×/r/n1/r/n風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/nμ/r/nz/r/n的計算如下（本次設(shè)計地表為B類地表）/r/n絕緣子串長度/r/nλ/r/n=m/r/n導(dǎo)線弧垂取f/r/nd/r/n導(dǎo)線的平均高度/r/nm/r/n/r/n將以上各值代入下式得/r/n2./r/n地線風(fēng)荷載/r/n地線覆冰后外徑d=15.75+2/r/n×/r/n1/r/n5=/r/n4/r/n導(dǎo)線體形系數(shù)/r/nμ/r/ns/r/n風(fēng)壓不均勻系數(shù)/r/nα/r/n導(dǎo)線風(fēng)荷載調(diào)整系數(shù)/r/nβ/r/nc=1/r/n地線弧垂f/r/nd/r/n地線金具長度/r/nλ/r/n地線平均高度/r/n風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/n將以上各值代入下式得/r/n3./r/n絕緣子串風(fēng)壓荷載/r/n直線塔絕緣子串數(shù)n/r/n1/r/n=1每聯(lián)中絕緣子片數(shù)n/r/n2/r/n=1/r/n5/r/n/r/n直線塔風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/n/r/n將以上各值代入下式得/r/n4./r/n主桿風(fēng)荷載/r/n1）塔身風(fēng)荷載/r/n基本風(fēng)壓/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n風(fēng)壓調(diào)整系數(shù)/r/n/r/n/r/n（根據(jù)塔全高選擇）/r/n風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/n結(jié)構(gòu)體形系數(shù)/r/n（/r/n）/r/nk/r/n=0./r/n2/r/n×/r/n17/r/n2/r/n將以上各值代入下式得/r/n2）塔頭風(fēng)荷載/r/n基本風(fēng)壓/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n風(fēng)壓調(diào)整系數(shù)/r/n/r/n（根據(jù)塔全高選擇）/r/n風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/n結(jié)構(gòu)體形系數(shù)/r/n/r/n（/r/n）/r/nk/r/n=0./r/n3/r/n×/r/n2/r/n5./r/n橫擔風(fēng)荷載/r/n基本風(fēng)壓/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n風(fēng)壓調(diào)整系數(shù)/r/n/r/n（根據(jù)塔全高選擇）/r/n結(jié)構(gòu)體形系數(shù)/r/n/r/n（/r/n）/r/n風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/n沿風(fēng)向投影面積F/r/n上k/r/n=0./r/n3/r/n×/r/n2/r/n6./r/n導(dǎo)線重力荷載/r/n單/r/n導(dǎo)線n=/r/n1/r/n垂直擋距Lv=528m/r/n導(dǎo)線覆冰單位長重量/r/n導(dǎo)線覆冰單位長重量/r/n導(dǎo)線重力荷載/r/n7./r/n地線重力荷載/r/n雙導(dǎo)線n=2/r/n垂直擋距Lv=650m/r/n地線覆冰單位長重量/r/n地線單位長重量/r/n地線重力荷載/r/n8./r/n絕緣子金具防振錘及地線掛點金具防振錘荷載/r/n9./r/n塔重/r/n2./r/n3/r/n.3/r/n./r/n2/r/n直線塔荷載計算/r/n事故斷導(dǎo)線情況（V=/r/n0m/r/n/sb=/r/n0mm/r/nt=/r/n1./r/n導(dǎo)線斷線張力/r/n最大使用張力/r/n查表得直線桿塔非分裂導(dǎo)線斷線張力取一相最大使用張力的百分數(shù)/r/n表2/r/n—/r/n6/r/n鋼芯鋁絞線型號/r/n鋼筋混凝土及拉線鐵塔/r/n自立式鐵塔/r/n大跨越桿塔/r/n≤/r/nLG/r/nJ/r/n—/r/n95/20/r/n30/r/n40/r/n60/r/nLGJ120/20~LGJ185/45/r/n35/r/n40/r/n60/r/n≥/r/nLGJ/r/n—/r/n240/40/r/n40/r/n50/r/n60/r/n當桿塔為跨越塔時/r/n當桿塔為耐張塔時/r/n2./r/n導(dǎo)線重力荷載/r/n未斷相導(dǎo)線重力荷載/r/n導(dǎo)線重力荷載/r/n已斷/r/n相導(dǎo)線重力荷載/r/n3./r/n地線重力荷載/r/n地線重力荷載/r/n4./r/n絕緣子金具防振錘及地線掛點金具防振錘荷載/r/n5./r/n塔重/r/n2./r/n3/r/n.3/r/n./r/n3/r/n直線塔荷載計算/r/n事故斷地線情況（V=/r/n0m/r/n/sb=/r/n0mm/r/nt=/r/n1./r/n地線斷線張力/r/n最大使用張力/r/n查表得/r/n表2/r/n—/r/n7直線桿塔地線不平衡張力取為最大使用張力的百分數(shù)/r/n桿塔類型/r/n鋼筋混凝土/r/n拉線鐵塔/r/n自立式鐵塔/r/n≤/r/n330KV/r/n15~20/r/n30/r/n50/r/n≥/r/n500KV/r/n20~30/r/n40/r/n50/r/n當桿塔為耐張塔時/r/n2./r/n導(dǎo)線重力荷載/r/n導(dǎo)線重力荷載/r/n3./r/n地線重力荷載/r/n未斷地線重力荷載/r/n地線重力荷載/r/n已斷地線重力荷載/r/n4./r/n絕緣子金具防振錘及地線掛點金具防振錘荷載/r/n5./r/n塔重/r/n/r/n2./r/n3/r/n.3/r/n./r/n4/r/n安裝檢修時吊線施工荷載（V=/r/n10m/r/n/sb=/r/n0mm/r/nt=/r/n1./r/n采用雙倍起吊吊線/r/n直線塔/r/n查表得/r/n表3/r/n—/r/n8/r/n項目/r/n電壓等級/r/n110/r/n220/r/n——/r/n330/r/n500/r/n導(dǎo)線/r/n直線型桿塔/r/n耐張型桿塔/r/n地線/r/n直線型桿塔/r/n耐張型桿塔/r/n直線塔/r/n基本風(fēng)壓/r/nKN/m/r/n將以上數(shù)值代入下式得/r/n垂直荷載/r/n橫向荷載/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n2./r/n采用轉(zhuǎn)向滑車時/r/n/r/n/r/n3./r/n塔身風(fēng)荷載/r/n塔頭風(fēng)荷載/r/n4./r/n橫擔風(fēng)荷載/r/n基本風(fēng)壓/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n風(fēng)壓調(diào)整系數(shù)/r/n/r/n（根據(jù)塔全高選擇）/r/n結(jié)構(gòu)體形系數(shù)/r/n/r/n（/r/n）/r/n風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/n沿風(fēng)向投影面積/r/nk/r/n=0./r/n3/r/n×/r/n2/r/n2./r/n3/r/n.3/r/n./r/n5/r/n安裝情況下的錨線荷載（V=/r/n10m/r/n/sb=/r/n0mm/r/nt=/r/n1./r/n錨線荷載分配系數(shù)n=0.5，導(dǎo)線張力取T=19.3KN，動力系數(shù)K=1.1，錨固鋼繩對地面夾角/r/nβ≤/r/n4/r/n5/r/n°/r/n/r/n=3.5(直線塔)/r/n將所有數(shù)值代入得/r/n垂直方向/r/n橫向/r/n縱向/r/n2./r/n塔身風(fēng)荷載/r/n塔頭風(fēng)荷載/r/n3./r/n橫擔風(fēng)荷載/r/n基本風(fēng)壓/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n風(fēng)壓調(diào)整系數(shù)/r/n/r/n/r/n（根據(jù)塔全高選擇）/r/n結(jié)構(gòu)體形系數(shù)/r/n/r/n（/r/n）/r/n風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/n沿風(fēng)向投影面積/r/nk/r/n=0./r/n3/r/n×/r/n2/r/n2./r/n3/r/n.4/r/n2./r/n3/r/n.4/r/n.1/r/n正常運行情況最大風(fēng)（v=/r/n30m/r/n/s，b=/r/n0mm/r/n，t=/r/n1./r/n導(dǎo)線風(fēng)荷載/r/n基本風(fēng)壓/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n導(dǎo)線體形系數(shù)/r/nμ/r/ns/r/n=1.1(因為d=26.82mm＞17mm)/r/n表3/r/n—/r/n4/r/n風(fēng)壓不均勻系數(shù)/r/n和電線風(fēng)壓荷載調(diào)整系數(shù)/r/n風(fēng)速V（m/s）/r/nV/r/n≤/r/n10/r/nV＝15/r/n20/r/n≤/r/nV＜30/r/n30/r/n≤/r/nV＜35/r/nV/r/n≥/r/n35/r/n計算桿塔荷載/r/n校驗桿塔電氣間隙/r/n計算500kv桿塔荷載/r/n風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/nμ/r/nz/r/n的計算如下（本次設(shè)計地表為B類地表）/r/n地表的粗糙程度，按規(guī)范，可分為A、B、C三類。A類指近海海面、海島、海岸、湖岸及沙漠地區(qū)；B類指田野、鄉(xiāng)村、叢林、丘陵及城郊；C類指有密集建筑群、有眾多高層建筑的大城市市區(qū)。/r/n表3/r/n—/r/n5/r/n對于330kv及以下桿塔，/r/n的計算公式/r/nA類地區(qū)/r/nB類地區(qū)/r/nC類地區(qū)/r/n導(dǎo)線風(fēng)荷載調(diào)整系數(shù)/r/nβ/r/nc=1/r/n風(fēng)壓不均勻系數(shù)/r/nα/r/n絕緣子串長度/r/nλ/r/n導(dǎo)線弧垂取f/r/nd/r/n導(dǎo)線的平均高度/r/nm<10m取10m/r/n將以上各值代入下式得/r/n/r/n2./r/n地線風(fēng)荷載/r/n導(dǎo)線體形系數(shù)/r/nμ/r/ns/r/n風(fēng)壓不均勻系數(shù)/r/nα/r/n導(dǎo)線風(fēng)荷載調(diào)整系數(shù)/r/nβ/r/nc=1/r/n地線弧垂f/r/nd/r/n地線金具長度/r/nλ/r/n地線平均高度/r/n風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/n將以上各值代入下式得/r/n3./r/n絕緣子串風(fēng)壓荷載/r/n耐張塔絕緣子串數(shù)n/r/n1/r/n=2每聯(lián)中絕緣子片數(shù)n/r/n2/r/n=15/r/n一片絕緣子的擋風(fēng)面積A/r/nj/r/n2/r/n絕緣子串體形系數(shù)/r/nμ/r/ns/r/n耐張塔風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/n將以上各值代入下式得/r/n4./r/n主塔風(fēng)荷載/r/n塔身風(fēng)荷載/r/n基本風(fēng)壓/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n風(fēng)壓調(diào)整系數(shù)/r/n/r/n/r/n（根據(jù)塔全高選擇）/r/n風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/n結(jié)構(gòu)體形系數(shù)/r/n/r/n（/r/n）/r/nk/r/n=0./r/n2/r/n×/r/n195=39m/r/n2/r/n將以上各值代入下式得/r/n塔頭風(fēng)荷載/r/n風(fēng)壓調(diào)整系數(shù)/r/n/r/n/r/n（根據(jù)塔全高選擇）/r/n風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/n結(jié)構(gòu)體形系數(shù)/r/n/r/n（/r/n）/r/nk/r/n=0./r/n3/r/n×/r/n2/r/n5./r/n橫擔風(fēng)荷載/r/n風(fēng)壓調(diào)整系數(shù)/r/n/r/n（根據(jù)塔全高選擇）/r/n結(jié)構(gòu)體形系數(shù)/r/n/r/n（/r/n）/r/n風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/n沿風(fēng)向投影面積F=0.3Fk=0./r/n3/r/n×/r/n2/r/n/r/n6./r/n導(dǎo)線重力荷載/r/n雙導(dǎo)線n=2/r/n垂直擋距Lv=528m/r/n導(dǎo)線單位長重量/r/n導(dǎo)線重力荷載/r/n7./r/n地線重力荷載/r/n雙導(dǎo)線n=2/r/n垂直擋距Lv=528m/r/n地線單位長重量/r/n地線重力荷載/r/n/r/n=8\*GB3/r/n/r/n⑧/r/n絕緣子金具防振錘及地線掛點金具防振錘荷載/r/n/r/n=9\*GB3/r/n/r/n⑨/r/n塔重/r/n2./r/n3/r/n.4/r/n.2/r/n正常運行情況的最大覆冰（V=/r/n10m/r/n/sb=/r/n5mm/r/nt/r/n=－/r/n1./r/n導(dǎo)線風(fēng)荷載/r/n基本風(fēng)壓/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n導(dǎo)線風(fēng)荷載調(diào)整系數(shù)/r/nβ/r/nc=1/r/n風(fēng)壓不均勻系數(shù)/r/nα/r/n導(dǎo)線體形系數(shù)/r/nμ/r/ns/r/n=1.1(因為d=26.82mm＞17mm)/r/n覆冰時導(dǎo)線外徑d=26.82+/r/n2/r/n×/r/n風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/nμ/r/nz/r/n的計算如下（本次設(shè)計地表為B類地表）/r/n絕緣子串長度/r/nλ/r/n導(dǎo)線弧垂取f/r/nd/r/n導(dǎo)線的平均高度/r/n按10m計算/r/n風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/n/r/n將以上各值代入下式得/r/n2./r/n地線風(fēng)荷載/r/n地線覆冰后外徑d=15.75+2/r/n×/r/n5=/r/n導(dǎo)線體形系數(shù)/r/nμ/r/ns/r/n風(fēng)壓不均勻系數(shù)/r/nα/r/n導(dǎo)線風(fēng)荷載調(diào)整系數(shù)/r/nβ/r/nc=1/r/n地線弧垂f/r/nd/r/n地線金具長度/r/nλ/r/n地線平均高度/r/n風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/n將以上各值代入下式得/r/n/r/n3./r/n絕緣子串風(fēng)壓荷載/r/n耐張塔絕緣子串數(shù)n/r/n1/r/n=2每聯(lián)中絕緣子片數(shù)n/r/n2/r/n=15/r/n一片絕緣子的擋風(fēng)面積A/r/nj/r/n4/r/nm/r/n2/r/n絕緣子串體形系數(shù)/r/nμ/r/ns/r/n=1./r/n1/r/n耐張塔風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/n將以上各值代入下式得/r/n4./r/n塔身風(fēng)荷載/r/n基本風(fēng)壓/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n風(fēng)壓調(diào)整系數(shù)/r/n/r/n（根據(jù)塔全高選擇）/r/n風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/n結(jié)構(gòu)體形系數(shù)/r/n/r/n（/r/n）/r/nk/r/n=0./r/n2/r/n×/r/n195=39m/r/n2/r/n將以上各值代入下式得/r/n塔頭風(fēng)荷載/r/n基本風(fēng)壓/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n風(fēng)壓調(diào)整系數(shù)/r/n/r/n（根據(jù)塔全高選擇）/r/n風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/n結(jié)構(gòu)體形系數(shù)/r/n/r/n（/r/n）/r/nk/r/n=0./r/n3/r/n×/r/n2/r/n5./r/n橫擔風(fēng)荷載/r/n基本風(fēng)壓/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n風(fēng)壓調(diào)整系數(shù)/r/n/r/n/r/n（根據(jù)塔全高選擇）/r/n結(jié)構(gòu)體形系數(shù)/r/n/r/n（/r/n）/r/n風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/nk/r/n=0./r/n3/r/n×/r/n2/r/n6./r/n導(dǎo)線重力荷載/r/n雙導(dǎo)線n=/r/n1/r/n垂直擋距Lv=528m/r/n導(dǎo)線覆冰單位長重量/r/n導(dǎo)線單位長重量/r/n導(dǎo)線重力荷載/r/n7./r/n地線重力荷載/r/n雙導(dǎo)線n=2/r/n垂直擋距Lv=528m/r/n地線覆冰單位長重量/r/n地線單位長重量/r/n地線重力荷載/r/n8./r/n絕緣子金具防振錘及地線掛點金具防振錘荷載/r/n9./r/n塔重/r/n2./r/n3/r/n.4/r/n.3/r/n事故斷導(dǎo)線情況（V=/r/n0m/r/n/sb=/r/n0mm/r/nt=/r/n1./r/n導(dǎo)線斷線張力/r/n最大使用張力/r/n查表得直線桿塔非分裂導(dǎo)線斷線張力取一相最大使用張力的百分數(shù)/r/n表2/r/n—/r/n6/r/n鋼芯鋁絞線型號/r/n鋼筋混凝土及拉線鐵塔/r/n自立式鐵塔/r/n大跨越桿塔/r/n≤/r/nLG/r/nJ/r/n—/r/n95/20/r/n30/r/n40/r/n60/r/nLGJ120/20~LGJ185/45/r/n35/r/n40/r/n60/r/n≥/r/nLGJ/r/n—/r/n240/40/r/n40/r/n50/r/n60/r/n當桿塔為跨越塔時/r/n當桿塔為耐張塔時/r/n2./r/n導(dǎo)線重力荷載/r/n未斷相導(dǎo)線重力荷載/r/n導(dǎo)線重力荷載/r/n已斷/r/n相導(dǎo)線重力荷載/r/n3./r/n地線重力荷載/r/n地線重力荷載/r/n4./r/n絕緣子金具防振錘及地線掛點金具防振錘荷載/r/n5./r/n塔重/r/n2./r/n3/r/n.4/r/n.4/r/n事故斷地線情況（V=/r/n0m/r/n/sb=/r/n0mm/r/nt=/r/n1./r/n地線斷線張力/r/n最大使用張力/r/n查表得/r/n表3/r/n—/r/n7直線桿塔地線不平衡張力取為最大使用張力的百分數(shù)/r/n桿塔類型/r/n鋼筋混凝土/r/n拉線鐵塔/r/n自立式鐵塔/r/n≤/r/n330KV/r/n15~20/r/n30/r/n50/r/n≥/r/n500KV/r/n20~30/r/n40/r/n50/r/n當桿塔為耐張塔時/r/n2./r/n/r/n導(dǎo)線重力荷載（耐張塔）/r/n導(dǎo)線重力荷載/r/n3./r/n地線重力荷載/r/n未斷地線重力荷載/r/n已斷地線重力荷載/r/n4./r/n絕緣子金具防振錘及地線掛點金具防振錘荷載/r/n5./r/n塔重/r/n2./r/n3/r/n.4/r/n.5/r/n安裝檢修時吊線施工荷載/r/n（V=/r/n10m/r/n/sb=/r/n0mm/r/nt=/r/n1./r/n采用雙倍起吊吊線/r/n直線塔/r/n耐張塔/r/n查表得/r/n表3/r/n—/r/n8/r/n項目/r/n電壓等級/r/n/r/n110/r/n220/r/n——/r/n330/r/n500/r/n導(dǎo)線/r/n直線型桿塔/r/n耐張型桿塔/r/n地線/r/n直線型桿塔/r/n耐張型桿塔/r/n直線塔/r/n耐張塔/r/n基本風(fēng)壓/r/n將以上數(shù)值代入下式得/r/n垂直荷載/r/n/r/n/r/n橫向荷載/r/n2./r/n采用轉(zhuǎn)向滑車時/r/n3./r/n塔身風(fēng)荷載/r/n塔頭風(fēng)荷載/r/n4./r/n橫擔風(fēng)荷載/r/n基本風(fēng)壓/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n風(fēng)壓調(diào)整系數(shù)/r/n/r/n（根據(jù)塔全高選擇）/r/n結(jié)構(gòu)體形系數(shù)/r/n/r/n（/r/n）/r/n風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/n沿風(fēng)向投影面積/r/nk/r/n=0./r/n3/r/n×/r/n2/r/n2./r/n3/r/n.4/r/n.6/r/n安裝情況下的錨線荷載（V=/r/n10m/r/n/sb=/r/n0mm/r/nt=/r/n1./r/n錨線荷載分配系數(shù)n=0.5，/r/n/r/n導(dǎo)線張力取T=19.3KN，/r/n/r/n動力系數(shù)K=1.1，錨固鋼繩對地面夾角/r/nβ≤/r/n4/r/n5/r/n°/r/n/r/n=3.5(直線塔)/r/n將所有數(shù)值代入得/r/n垂直方向/r/n橫向/r/n縱向/r/n2./r/n塔身風(fēng)荷載/r/n塔頭風(fēng)荷載/r/n3./r/n橫擔風(fēng)荷載/r/n基本風(fēng)壓/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n風(fēng)壓調(diào)整系數(shù)/r/n/r/n（根據(jù)塔全高選擇）/r/n結(jié)構(gòu)體形系數(shù)/r/n（/r/n）/r/n風(fēng)壓高度變化系數(shù)/r/n沿風(fēng)向投影面積/r/nk/r/n=0./r/n3/r/n×/r/n2/r/n附：各種條件下桿塔斷線荷載圖。/r/n如下：/r/n圖2-1220Kv直線塔最大風(fēng)荷載圖/r/n（90/r/n°/r/n大風(fēng)，V=25m/s,b=0mm,t=-5/r/n℃/r/n）/r/n圖2-2220Kv直線塔最大覆冰荷載圖/r/n（90/r/n°/r/n大風(fēng)，V=10m/s,b=5mm,t=-5/r/n℃/r/n）/r/n圖2-3220Kv直線塔斷導(dǎo)線荷載圖/r/n（斷導(dǎo)線，V=0m/s,b=0mm,t=-5/r/n℃/r/n）/r/n圖2-4220Kv直線塔斷地線荷載圖/r/n（斷地線，V=0m/s,b=0mm,t=-5/r/n℃/r/n）/r/n圖2-5220Kv直線塔吊線荷載圖/r/n（吊線導(dǎo)線，V=10m/s,b=0mm,t=0/r/n℃/r/n）/r/n圖2-6220Kv直線塔錨導(dǎo)線荷載圖/r/n（錨導(dǎo)線，V=10m/s,b=0mm,t=0/r/n℃/r/n）/r/n圖2-7220Kv耐張塔最大風(fēng)荷載圖/r/n（90/r/n°/r/n大風(fēng)，V=25m/s,b=0mm,t=-5/r/n℃/r/n）/r/n圖2-8220Kv耐張塔最大覆冰荷載圖/r/n（90/r/n°/r/n大風(fēng)，V=10m/s,b=5mm,t=-5/r/n℃/r/n）/r/n圖2-9220Kv耐張塔斷導(dǎo)線荷載圖/r/n（斷導(dǎo)線，V=0m/s,b=0mm,t=-5/r/n℃/r/n）/r/n第三章金具設(shè)計/r/n絕緣子是用來支撐和懸掛導(dǎo)線，并使導(dǎo)線與桿塔絕緣。它應(yīng)具有足夠的絕緣強度和機械強度，同時對污穢物質(zhì)的侵蝕具有足夠的抵抗能力，并能適應(yīng)周圍大氣條件的變化，如溫度和濕度變化對它本身的影響等。/r/n架空線常用的絕緣子有懸式絕緣子、瓷橫擔式絕緣子等。根據(jù)規(guī)程相關(guān)規(guī)定，考慮經(jīng)濟性和線路電壓等級選擇懸式絕緣子。/r/n3.2確定每聯(lián)絕緣子的片數(shù)/r/n表2-1操作過電壓與雷電過電壓要求懸垂絕緣子串的最少片數(shù)/r/n標準電壓（kv）/r/n35/r/n66/r/n110/r/n220/r/n300/r/n500/r/n單片絕緣子長（mm）/r/n146/r/n146/r/n146/r/n146/r/n146/r/n155/r/n絕緣子數(shù)（片）/r/n3/r/n5/r/n7/r/n13/r/n17/r/n25/r/n200kv最少需要13片絕緣子。/r/n設(shè)計要求污穢等級為/r/n3/r/n級，需考慮增加絕緣子片數(shù)/r/n2片/r/n。/r/n設(shè)計要求通過平原地區(qū)海拔在/r/n1000m/r/n以下，無需增加絕緣子片數(shù)。/r/n設(shè)計中直線桿塔全高均低于/r/n40m/r/n，無需增加絕緣子片數(shù)。/r/n5.耐張絕緣子穿的絕緣字數(shù)量應(yīng)比懸垂絕緣子串的同型絕緣子多1個。/r/n/r/n/r/n式中D/r/n——/r/n絕緣子的泄露距離，cm；/r/nU/r/n——/r/n線路額定電壓，KV;/r/nd/r/n——/r/n泄露比距，cm。/r/n表3/r/n—/r/n1污穢等級及線路直線桿絕緣子串單位泄漏距離/r/n污穢等級/r/n污穢情況/r/n單位泄漏距離/r/n0/r/n非污穢區(qū)的山丘或平原（但湖泊沼澤地帶除外）非污穢區(qū)的湖泊沼澤地帶。/r/n—/r/n1/r/n空氣污穢的工業(yè)區(qū)邊緣（距污源中心3/r/n—/r/n8公里）；鹽堿地區(qū)：爐煙污穢向地區(qū)。/r/n—/r/n2/r/n—/r/n3公里）；沿海地帶及鹽場附近，重鹽堿地區(qū)，空氣污穢又有重霧的地帶；距化學(xué)污源300米外地帶。/r/n—/r/n3/r/n導(dǎo)電率很高的空氣污穢地區(qū)（距在大廠和冶金工廠中心1.5公里以內(nèi)）；位于大發(fā)電廠煙囪附近且有冷水塔時；嚴重的鹽霧侵襲地區(qū)；距化學(xué)污源300米以內(nèi)地區(qū)。/r/n據(jù)此，設(shè)計確定使用XWP-/r/n6/r/n(1x1/r/n5/r/n片)并配置相應(yīng)的金具/r/n。/r/n根據(jù)我國長期運行經(jīng)驗，在一般的輕污穢區(qū)，片數(shù)按下式選定時可滿足工作電壓/r/nn/r/n≥λ/r/n其中：Ue/r/n——————/r/n系統(tǒng)的額定電壓kv，有效值。/r/n/r/nλ——————/r/n每個絕緣子的泄漏距離cm./r/n—————/r/n單位泄漏距離cm/kv./r/nn/r/n≥λ/r/nn=/r/n×/r/n220/r/n÷/r/n40/r/n=/r/n1/r/n所以取1/r/n5/r/n片絕緣子合格。/r/n3.3./r/n2/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/n×/r/n477/r/n×/r/n425.24=8507N/r/nG/r/n×/r/n3.3./r/n3/r/nn/r/n≥/r/nkT/R/r/n××/r/n取/r/n—/r/n串是正確的。/r/n3.4防振錘的設(shè)計/r/n3.4./r/n1/r/n.導(dǎo)線的防振措施/r/n防振從兩方面著手，一是減弱震動，一是增強導(dǎo)線耐振強度。/r/n3.4./r/n2/r/n防振錘的自振頻率要和導(dǎo)線相近，這樣，當導(dǎo)線震動時，引起防振錘共振，使兩個重錘有較大的甩動，可以有效的消耗導(dǎo)線的振動能量。/r/n表3/r/n—/r/n3/r/n導(dǎo)線防振錘的設(shè)計/r/n防振錘型號/r/n導(dǎo)線直徑（mm）/r/n當需要裝置下列防震錘個數(shù)時的相應(yīng)檔距（m）/r/n1個/r/n2個/r/n3個/r/nFD-4、5、6/r/nd＜12/r/n＜300/r/n＞300-600/r/n＞600-900/r/nFD-2、3/r/n12/r/n≤/r/nd/r/n≤/r/n22/r/n≤/r/n350/r/n＞350-700/r/n＞700-1000/r/nFD-1/r/n≤/r/n450/r/n＞450-800/r/n＞800-1200/r/n采用LGJ/r/n—/r/n300/r/n//r/n70/r/n型導(dǎo)線，導(dǎo)線直線D=mm，檔距大于450m。選用FD/r/n—/r/n1型2個防振錘。/r/n—/r/n5.0m/s）/r/n表3-4振動風(fēng)速范圍/r/n檔距/r/n（m）/r/n導(dǎo)線懸掛點高度/r/n（m）/r/n引起振動的風(fēng)速/r/n（m/s）/r/n150-250/r/n12/r/n300-450/r/n25/r/n500-700/r/n40/r/n700-1000/r/n70/r/n最高氣溫時導(dǎo)線最小拉力/r