高一英語講義-動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)綜合精講(一)

/8高考英語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)綜合精講（一）

之現(xiàn)在時(shí)，將來時(shí)，過去時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)的定義時(shí)態(tài)是表示不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，需要用不同的動(dòng)詞形式來表示。英語語法中的時(shí)態(tài)是一種動(dòng)詞形式，不同的時(shí)態(tài)用來表示不同的時(shí)間與方式。是表示行為、動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件下的動(dòng)詞形式。動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式主動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)do/does,(is/am/are)did,(was/were)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)is/am/aredoingwas/weredoing現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)has/havedonehaddone現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)has/havebeendoinghadbeendoing一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)will/shalldowould/shoulddois/am/aregoingtodowas/weregoingtodois/am/are(about)todowas/were(about)todo時(shí)態(tài)分類分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按狀態(tài)分：一般狀態(tài)、進(jìn)行狀態(tài)、完成狀態(tài)、完成進(jìn)行狀態(tài)（1）一般狀態(tài)A．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成：do/does/am/is/are用法：□表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言，目前的特征、狀態(tài)、能力等;Eg:Thesunrisesintheeast.IcanspeakEnglish.□表示經(jīng)常性、重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作。Eg:Isometimesstayinbeduntillunchtime.常見的頻度副詞：never,(seldom,hardly,rarely);occasionally;sometimes;often;frequently,usually;always;allthetime.①主句是一般將來時(shí),時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來;在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語從句中表示將來動(dòng)作(這時(shí)主句往往釆用將來時(shí)或出現(xiàn)can/must/shall/will等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或主句是祈使句)Whenyoucomenexttime,bringmesomemagazines.Iftimeallows,wewillgotheretomorrow.I'llgothereafterIfinishmywork.Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon'tgothere.□按計(jì)劃、規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，句中帶有時(shí)間狀語。(begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,return,open,close,takeoff,reach,land)Eg:Themeetingbeginsatseven.Theplanetakesoffat9o'clocktomorrow.①表示好惡或者感官的詞多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Eg:IlikeEnglishverymuch.□表示主語的特征E.g.Thisclothfeelssoft.注意：近幾年，對一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的考查常用過去時(shí)態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)對考生進(jìn)行干擾【練習(xí)題】—whenagain?--whenhe,I'llletyouknowA.hecomes,comeBwillhecome;willcomeChecomes;willcomeDwillhecome;comes2.Ithinkitisnecessaryformy19-year-oldsontohavehisownmobilephone,forIsometimeswanttomakesureifhehomefordinner.AcomeBcomesChascomeDwillcomeMonthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrosstheopensea,whichthePacific,andwemetnostorm.A.wascalledB.iscalledC.hadbeencalledD.hasbeencalledB.一般過去時(shí)構(gòu)成：was/were/did用法：表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)LastnightIatemuchbread.（注意：在一般過去時(shí)的句子中，通常都要有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語。表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)Iwrotehomeonceaweekatcollege.表示過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的一系列動(dòng)作Sheenteredtheroom,pickedupamagazineandlookeditthroughcarefully.她走進(jìn)房間，拿起一本雜志，認(rèn)真地翻閱了起來。在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中表示過去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作Wewouldnotleaveuntiltheteachercameback.有些句子，雖然沒有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語，但實(shí)際上指的是過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也要用注意：只是對過去事實(shí)的單純描述，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。常見的時(shí)間狀語：last,ago,yesterday,theotherday,in1990,justnow,atthattimeEg:Hewenttothecinemalastnightwithherboyfriend.過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，可用usedto和would+動(dòng)詞原形Heoftensangwhenhewasaboy.DuringthevacationIwouldswiminthesea.□用于Ididn'tknow…或Iforgot...,表示事先不知道或不記得，但現(xiàn)在已知道或記得的事情。用于Ididn'tknow…或Iforgot...,表示事先不知道或不記得，但現(xiàn)在已知道或記得的事情。Ididn'tknowyouwerehere.（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道）Sorry,Iforgottobringmybook.（“忘記帶書"已成為過去的事了）【練習(xí)題】Mother____meanewcoatyesterday.Iiton.Itfitsmewell.A.hadmade...havetriedB.made...havetriedC.hasmade.triedD.made.tried2“Hetodrawhorsesalready”.“Whenhe?”“Lastyear“A.learned...hasB.learned...didC.haslearned...hasD.haslearned...didTomupintothetree.Look,hehighupthere!A.hasgot.isB.hasclimbed.wasC.got.wasD.climbed.isyouthetextyet?Yes,weittwohoursago.A.Did.copy.didB.Have.copied.haveC.Have.copied.didD.Did.copy.had“Whysheangry?”“Becauseheatherjustnow.”A.did.get.shoutedB.has.got.shoutedC.did.get.hasshoutedD.has.got.hasshoutedC.一般將來時(shí)用法：□表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)Ishallbefreethisafternoon.TheywillprobablygotoShanghaifortheirholiday.□表示將要反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作MyunclewillcometoseemeeverySaturday.構(gòu)成1：will/shalldo動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在或目前還未發(fā)生，要在將來的某個(gè)時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生；沒有主觀性，是“純粹的將來動(dòng)作”，shall只用于第一人稱。Eg：Ishall/willnotbefreetomorrow.頻度畐U詞：tonight,thedayaftertomorrow,thisevening/afternoon,thisSunday,thisweek/month/year,next+t間,intwodays,later,soon.構(gòu)成2：be(am/is/are)+going+todo這種表示方法主要說明：說話人的意圖、打算；某種可能性。Eg：HeisgoingtospendhisholidaysinLondon.構(gòu)成3：be(am/is/are):+todo按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間一般不會很遠(yuǎn)；要求或命令他人做某事。Eg:Thenewbridgeistoopentotrafficinthreedays.Youaretomakethenecessarychanges.構(gòu)成4：be+doing用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來（非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）：go,come,leave,arrive,flyEg:ThestudentsareleavingonSunday.構(gòu)成5：do/does/am/is/are與表示時(shí)間或條件的狀語從句連用，遵循主將從現(xiàn)。D.過去將來時(shí)表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來，將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常用時(shí)間狀語：thenextday/morning/week/year...構(gòu)成1：woulddo表示過去將要做某事Eg:Hesaidhewouldbehereateighto'clock.（賓語從句，時(shí)態(tài)統(tǒng)一）構(gòu)成2：was/weregoingtodo表示過去按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Eg：-Tom,youdidn'tcometothepartylastnight.-Iwasgoingto,butIsuddenlyrememberedIhadhomeworktodo.構(gòu)成3：was/weretodo表示過去按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Eg:IfeltnervousbecauseIwassoontoleavehomeforthefirsttime.構(gòu)成4：was/wereabouttodo表示過去某時(shí)間以后立刻去做。Eg：Iwasabouttogotobedwhentherewasaring.構(gòu)成5：was/weredoing表示按時(shí)間或計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，可用一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將來。常用動(dòng)詞：go,come,leave,arrive,begin,stop,start,return.【練習(xí)題】Turnonthetelevisionoropenamagazineandyouadvertisementsshowinghappyfamilies.A.willoftenseeB.oftenseeC.areoftenseeingD.haveoftenseenHowcanIapplyforanonlinecourses?Justfilloutthisformandwewhatwecandoforyou.A.seeB.areseeingC.haveseenD.willseeWhatwouldyoudoifittomorrow?Wehavetocarryiton,sincewehavegoteverything.A.rainB.rainsC.WillrainD.israiningWhatareyougoingtodothisafternoon?Iamgoingtothecinemawithsomefriends.Thefilmquiteearly,wetothebookstore.A.finishedaregoingB.finishedgoC.finishesaregoingD.finishesgo練習(xí)：【基礎(chǔ)題】1.--Look!Somebodythesofa.--Well,itwasn'tme.Ididn'tdoit.A．iscleaningB．wascleaningC．hascleanedD．hadcleanedDon'tworrry.Thehardworkthatyoudonowlaterinlife.A.willberepaidB.wasbeingrepaidC.hasbeenrepaidD.wasrepaidFoodsuppliesintheflood-strickenarea.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere'sleft.A.haverunoutB.arerunningoutC.havebeenrunoutD.arebeingrunout-kevin,youlookworried.Anythingwrong?-Well,IatestandI'mwaitingfortheresult.A.willtakeB.tookC.hadtakenD.takeMum,IwaswonderingifyoucouldlendmeafewdollarsuntilIonFriday.A.getpaidB.gotpaidC.havepaidD.hadbeenpaid【鞏固題】Georgesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthe.A.wouldn'tB.didn'tC.hasn'tD.hadn'tHaveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemaeket?Yes,fortunatelynoone.A.hurtB.washurtC.hashurtD.hadbeenhurt

8.Ourfriendshipquicklyovertheweeksthatfollowed.A.haddevelopedB.wasdevelopingC.woulddevelopD.developedThemanagertheworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9am.A.hastoldB.istellingC.hasbeentellingD.willhavetoldDidyouaskSophiaforhelp?Ineedto-Imanagedperfectlywellonmyown.A.wouldn'tB.don'tC.didn'twon'tThethreeofusaroundEuropeforaboutamonthlastsummer.A.travelledB.havetravelledC.hadtravelledD.travelThelettersforthebossonhisdeskbuthedidn'treadthemuntilthreelater.A．wereputB.wasputC.putD.hasput13.Ihadbeenworkingonmathforthewholeafternoonandthenumbersbeforemyeyes.A.swimB.swumC.swamD.hadswum"Lifeislikewalkinginthesnow",Grannyusedtosay,"becauseeverystepIIA.hasshownB.isshowingC.showsD.showedThemanagerwasconcernedtohearthattwoofhistrustedworkers.A.willleaveB.leavingC.haveleftD.wereleaving【提高題】（北京卷.24）—thatcompanytoseehowtheythinkofourproductyesterday?—Yes.Theyarehappywithit.A.DidyoucallB.HaveyoucalledC.WillyoucallD.Wereyoucalling（北京卷.29）Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphonesyet.A.haven'tinventedB.haven'tbeeninventedC.hadn'tinventedD.hadn'tbeeninvented（北京卷.33）Peoplebetteraccesstohealthcarethantheyusedto,andthey'relivinglongerasresult.A.willhaveB.haveC.hadD.hadhad（北京卷.34）Ifthenewsafetysystemtouse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.A.hadbeenputB.wereputC.shouldbeputD.wouldbepu