(完整版)七年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

七年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：一．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法（1）Can情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can有一定的詞義,但不能獨(dú)立存在,它必須與動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。其具體用法如下：1■表示"能、會(huì)"，指腦力或體力方面的"能力"。例如：IcanspeakEnglish■我會(huì)講英語(yǔ)。JimcanswimbutIcan't■吉姆會(huì)游泳，但我不會(huì)。表示"可能",常用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中,指某種可能性。例如：HanMeican'tbeintheclassroom■韓梅不可能在教室里。Canhecomeheretoday,please?請(qǐng)問(wèn)他今天能到這里來(lái)嗎？3.表示"可以",常用于口語(yǔ)中,指許可或請(qǐng)求做某事。例如：CanIhaveacupoftea,please?請(qǐng)問(wèn)我可以喝一杯茶嗎？Youcangoout■你可以出去了？補(bǔ)充：can在口語(yǔ)中可以代替may,表示許可或可以。can't在口語(yǔ)中代替mustn't時(shí)，表示禁止或不準(zhǔn)。例如：Youcan'tplayfootballinthestreet■不準(zhǔn)在馬路上踢足球。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can的過(guò)去式could,用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)，可使語(yǔ)氣更委婉、更客氣。例如：CouldyouhelpmewithmyEnglish?你能幫助我學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)嗎？情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can的基本句型1■肯定句型為:主語(yǔ)+can+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。例如：Theycanplaybasketball他們能打籃球。Shecandanee■她會(huì)跳舞。YoucangotowatchTV.你可以去看電視了。2■否定句型為:主語(yǔ)+cannot（can't/cannot）+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。表示"某人不能（不會(huì)。不可能）做"。其中can't是cannot的縮略式，英國(guó)多寫(xiě)成cannot。例如：Youcannotpasstheballlikethis■你不能像這樣傳球。Ican'trideamotorbike.我不會(huì)騎摩托車。疑問(wèn)句句型分為：一般疑問(wèn)句句型和特殊疑問(wèn)句句型兩種類型。⑴一般疑問(wèn)句句型為:Can+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。表示"某人會(huì)（能?？梢裕┳觥瓎?？"，用于口語(yǔ)時(shí)，常表示請(qǐng)求或許可。其肯定答語(yǔ)用""Yes，主語(yǔ)+can."作答;否定答語(yǔ)用"No,主語(yǔ)+can't."作答。注意答語(yǔ)中作主語(yǔ)的人稱代詞，應(yīng)根據(jù)問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)作相應(yīng)的變化。其變化規(guī)則為：第一人稱問(wèn),則第二人稱答;第二人稱問(wèn),則第一人稱答;第三人稱問(wèn),第三人稱答。例如：①-CanyousinganEnglishsongforus?你可以為我們大家唱一首英語(yǔ)歌嗎？-Yes.行。（注意在Yes后面常省略Ican）②-CanIskate?我可以滑冰嗎？-Yes,youcan.可以。③-Cansheclimbhills?她能爬山嗎？-No,shecan't■不，她不能。⑵特殊疑問(wèn)句句型為:a.Who+can+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。該句型中who相當(dāng)于主語(yǔ)。例如：-WhocansinginEnglishinyourclass?你們班上誰(shuí)會(huì)用英語(yǔ)唱歌？-Lilycan■莉莉會(huì)。b■特殊疑問(wèn)詞（作定語(yǔ)）+名詞+can+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。該句型中的特殊疑問(wèn)詞常用howmany,howmuch等。例如:-Howmanyboatscanyouseeintheriver?你能看見(jiàn)河中有多少只船嗎？-0nlyoneboat■僅有一只。c■特殊疑問(wèn)詞+can+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。該句型中的特殊疑問(wèn)詞常用what,where,when等,一般用肯定陳述句作答。例如:-Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?你能在圖畫(huà)中看到什么？-Icanseesomebirdsandtwobigtreesinit.我能看至U—些鳥(niǎo)兒和兩棵大樹(shù)。I.單項(xiàng)選擇（15分）（）1.Mysisterlikesplayingtheguitar,butshecan'tplay.niceB.goodC.well（）2.—Areyougoodswimming?—Yes,andIthinkIcanhelpkids___it.A.with;inB.with;withC.at;withHewantstheEnglishclub.A.tojoinB.tobeC.bein（）4.Myfathercan'tplaybasketball.Hecanplaypiano.A.the;theB./;theC.the;/（）5.—WhydoyouwanttotheEnglishclub?BecauseMrLiintheclubisgood___us.A.have;withB.join;withC.join;at（）6.Mybrotherdoesn'tlikeplayingbasketballwatchingTV.A.andB.butC.or（）7.—CanyouspeakChinese,Tom?—Yes,butonly.A.lotsofB.manyC.alittle()8.—doyouwanttojoin?—Themusicclub.A.WhatclubB.WhenC.What()9.Hi!CanIhelpyou?__.Iwanttojointheclub.A.No,thanksalotB.GreatC.Yes,please()10.—___?—HecandoChinesekungfuwell.A.CanhedoChinesekungfuB.WhatcanhedoC.DoeshewanttojointheChinesekungfuclub()11.Whatcanyoudo?Ican.A.playtheguitarB.playviolinC.swimmingD.jointheclub()12.CanTomhelpkidsswimming?--Yes,can.A.xwithC.forD.to()13.___doyouwanttojointhechessclub?BecauseIlikechessverymuch.A.WhoB.HowC.WhyD.What()14.Whatisthefirstdayoftheweek?A.MondayB.FridayC.SaturdayD.Sunday()15.Icanswimwell.Iwanttojointhe___club.AmusicBchessCswimmingD、musician1．Ginawantstojthemusicclub.2．CanyousEnglish?3．Icanplaytheguitarbutcan'tplaythep.Canyouhkidswithswimming?用所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空—Canyouhelpkidswith(dance)?—Yes,Ican.Theywant(join)thebaseballclub.Canyou(sing)?Thegirllikesmusic.Shewantstobea(music).Doyouwanttojointhe(swim)club?Areyougoodwith(kid),Jim?47Hewantstojointhe(dance)club.48.Shecan(play)basketball.49.Shecanhelp(I)with(I)English.50.Ineed(buy)apen?現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.定義：表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與now,thesedays等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，句首有Look!/Listen!等提示語(yǔ)。I'mvisitingmyfriendsnow.Look!Heissittingthere.2基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞(am,is,are)+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成(動(dòng)詞-ing)肯定句：be+doing否定句：be+notdoing一般疑問(wèn)句：Be動(dòng)詞提前到句子開(kāi)頭+主語(yǔ)+doing記憶口訣：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行主動(dòng)賓，be+動(dòng)詞-ing要記清；助動(dòng)詞(am,is,are)跟著主語(yǔ)變，am,is,are+-ing;變疑問(wèn)，助動(dòng)詞(am,is,are)后主語(yǔ)跟，變否定，助動(dòng)詞(am,is,are)后not跟。例句：肯定句：Iamworking.Heisworking.Theyareworking.否定句：Iamnotworking.Heisnotworking.Theyarenotworking.疑問(wèn)句：Areyouworking?Isheworking?Aretheyworking?回答：Yes,Iam.Yes,heis.Yes,theyare.No,I'mnot.No,heisn't.No,theyaren't.注意：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊用法：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always連用時(shí)，往往含有贊揚(yáng)、厭惡、責(zé)備等感情色彩。如：Heisalwaysworkinghard.他總是非常努力地工作。(表示贊揚(yáng))come,go,begin,start,leave等動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。SheisleavingChinatomorrow.I'mgoingtoschool.3.現(xiàn)在分詞的變法規(guī)則當(dāng)我們說(shuō)某人正在做什么事時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：一)一般在后加ing。女如sing-singing,see-seeing,play-playing,go-going,do-doing,二)以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如：write-writing,have-having,come一coming來(lái)；close-closing關(guān)；make一making制造ride一riding騎；write-writing寫(xiě);take-taking拿走;have一having有；三)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母＋一個(gè)輔音字母要雙寫(xiě)最后的輔音字母再加ing。如:put-putting,run-running,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginning;sit-sitting；cut一cutting切；shop-shopping購(gòu)物；begin-beginning開(kāi)始forget-forgetting忘記；stop-stopping停止travel-travelling旅行；begin—beginning開(kāi)始;swim—swimming游泳；run—running跑步;put—putting放；let—letting讓；get—getting得到四)以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如:tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式staydolistenforgetrefuseclosetraveldieworkspendlookmakeputsitruntietakegiveridepleasewinbeginopenlie___二、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空MaryandLucyare(dance)now.Listen!Someoneis(play)thepianointhenextroom.Heis(sweep)theflooratthemoment.Look!Thecat(eat)thefishonthetable.A:you(study)French?B:Yes,Iam.Sheoften(dance)afterschool.Myfatherandmother(swim)inthepond.Mysisteris(fly)akiteinthegarden.Weare(watch)TVnow.Bequiet!Thebaby(sleep)now.三．單選1、Look!Hetheirmotherdothehousework.A.ishelpingB.arehelpC.ishelpD.ishelpping2、aretheboysdoing?Theyaresingingintheroom.A.WhoB.HowC.WhatD.Where3、Don'ttalkhere.Mymother.A.issleepingB.aresleepingC.SleepingD.sleep4、Danny.Don'tcallhim.A.iswriteingB.iswritingC.writingD.writes5、-Whenheback?-Sorry,Idon'tknow.A.does,comeB.arecomingC.iscomeD.iscoming6.Whoovertherenow?A.singingB.aresingC.issingingD.sing7.It'seighto'clock.ThestudentsanEnglishclass.A.have4、Danny.Don'tcallhim.A.iswriteingB.iswritingC.writingD.writes5、-Whenheback?-Sorry,Idon'tknow.A.does,comeB.arecomingC.iscomeD.iscoming6.Whoovertherenow?A.singingB.aresingC.issingingD.sing7.It'seighto'clock.ThestudentsanEnglishclass.A.haveB.havingC.ishavingD.arehaving8.Listen!Thebabyinthenextroom.A.cryingB.criedC.iscryingD.cries9.Look!Thetwinsnewsweaters.A.arewearingB.wearingC.arewearD.iswearing10.Don'ttalkhere.GrandparentsA.issleepingB.aresleepingC.sleepingD.sleepinahospital.inahospital.Tomisaworker.Heinafactory.HissistersA.work/workB.works/workwork/works12.12.WhoEnglishbestinyourclass?A.speakB.speaksC.Speaking13.Mrs.Readthewindowseveryday.A.iscleaningB.cleanC.cleans14.Wemusicandoftentomusic.A.like/listenA.like/listenB.likes/listensC.like/arelistening15.Sheupatsixinthemorning.A.getB.getsC.gettingsomesome16.OnSundayshesometimesshopping.hisclothesandsometimesA.wash/doB.iswashing/isdoingC.washes/doesA.wash/dosome17.Thetwinsusuallymilkandbreadforbreakfast,butJim__somecoffeeforit.A.have/haveB.have/hasC.has/have語(yǔ)法一般過(guò)去時(shí)句式一、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的概念：一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：lastyear,yesterday,in1990,twodaysago等；也可表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常和often,always等頻率副詞連用。例如：Isawhiminthestreetyesterday.昨天我在街上看見(jiàn)他了。LiMeialwayswenttoschoolonfootlastyear.去年李梅總是步行上學(xué)。二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的構(gòu)成：1.be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的構(gòu)成：第一人稱單數(shù)和第三人稱單數(shù)用was,其余人稱用were例如：Iwastenyearsoldatthattime.Thereweremanypeoplestandinginfrontofthedoor.2.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的構(gòu)成：(1)規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成有四條規(guī)則：①一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾直接加上ed。如：looklookedworkworkedjumpjumpedstaystayed以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加do如：livelivedclosecloseddancedanced末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母，再加edo如:stopstoppedshopshoppedpreferpreferred④末尾是輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先變y為i,然后再加edo如：studystudiedtrytried(2)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式需特殊記憶。如：am(is)wasareweregowentcomecametaketookhave(has)had三、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的幾種句型：(1)be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型：①肯定句結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+was/were+其它。如：Iwasathomeyesterday.Theywerereallyhappyattheparty.否定句結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+wasnot(wasn't)/werenot(weren't)+其它。如：Iwasn'tathomeyesterday.Theyweren'thappyattheparty.一般疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)為：Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+其它？如：Wereyouathomeyesterday?Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn't.Weretheyhappyattheparty?Yes,theywere./No,theyweren't.特殊疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問(wèn)詞+was/were+主語(yǔ)+其它？如：Wherewereyoulastnight?Wewereatmyuncl'eshouse.Howwasyourweekend?Itwasgreat.(2)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型：肯定句結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式+其它。如：Hewenttothetoystoreyesterday.Wetooksomepicturesinthepark.否定句結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+didnot(didn't)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如：Hedidn'tgotothetoystoreyesterday.Wedidn'ttakeanypicturesinthepark.③一般疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)為：Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？如：DidyougotoBeijinglastweek?Yes,Idid./No,Ididn't.Didhemeetthebusinessmanbefore?No,hedidn't./Yes,hedid.特殊疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？如：Whatdidyoudolastnight?Ididmyhomework.Wheredidyougolastweek?IwenttoShanghaiwithmyparents.Exercises:一、按要求完成下列句子：Thechildrenarehavingagoodtimeinthepark.(用lastSunday改寫(xiě))Thechildrenagoodtimeinthepark.LastweekIreadanEnglishbook.(改為否定句)LastweekIanEnglishbook.Therewereaboutninehundredpeopleattheconcert.否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)：Therewasonlyoneproblem.否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)：Anndidherhomeworkyesterdayevening.否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)：Mybrotherwasintheparkjustnow.否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)：Shehadsomebreadforlunchtoday.否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)：二、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1.I(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend.she(practice)herguitaryesterday?No,she■WhatTom(do)lastSa