高三英語二模D篇閱讀賞析與解析 講義

高三二模D篇閱讀賞析與解析“我沒上過高中大學(xué),大都會(huì)美術(shù)館就是我的大學(xué),我不知道去過多少次,

到現(xiàn)在我也沒從這里畢業(yè)。”，這是陳丹青對(duì)于大都會(huì)博物館的極高的評(píng)價(jià)。本文會(huì)從哪個(gè)角度直擊大都會(huì)博物館？

咱們且看且分析。

（原文）Americansclearlylovetheirmuseums.Oneofthemostfamous,NewYork’sMetropolitanMuseumofArt(theMet),sawarecord6.5millionvisitorsin2015.Butrecordattendancedoesn’tnecessarilytranslateintorecordrevenue(收入).Lastmonth,theMetsaiditwastryingtoeraseaUS$10millionbudgetdeficit(赤字).Meanwhile,oneofitsrivals,theMuseumofModernArt(MoMA),wasabundantincash,butonlyaboutthreemillionpeoplestoppedbyin2015.Whydosomemuseumsflourishwhileothersflounder?Myresearchleadsmetobelievetherearethreereasons:fashion,billionairesanddemographics.以Americansclearlylovetheirmuseums開啟全文，此處作者別有一番用意。意在博物館的存在之于美國民眾不可或缺。

且在首自然段，拿MetropolitanMuseumofArt(theMet)和theMuseumofModernArt

(MoMA)對(duì)比。唯有對(duì)比才可高低立判。唯有對(duì)比才能發(fā)現(xiàn)問題所在。

MetropolitanMuseumofArt(the

Met)theMuseumofModernArt(MoMA)a

record6.5millionvisitorsin2015only

aboutthreemillionpeoplestoppedbyin2015a

US$10millionbudgetdeficitabundant

incashnot

addmuchtothemuseum’smoderncollectionproviding

suchworksintheircollectionsflourishflounder

對(duì)比theMuseumofModernArt(MoMA),wasabundantincash,theMetsaiditwastryingtoeraseaUS$10millionbudgetdeficit。前者現(xiàn)金充裕，故flourish，即繁榮昌盛，而后者正試圖去除一千萬美金的預(yù)算赤字，故flounder，即深陷泥沼。對(duì)于theMeet而言，尷尬之處在于，recordattendancedoesn’tnecessarilytranslateintorecordrevenue。創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的參觀人數(shù)未能轉(zhuǎn)化為創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的收入。原因何在？該段末尾Myresearchleadsmetobelievetherearethreereasons:fashion,billionairesanddemographics，起提綱挈領(lǐng)作用。既是對(duì)Whydosomemuseumsflourishwhileothersflounder?的回答，即為，原因有三：時(shí)興，億萬富翁和參觀者特征，也是全文主旨。

（原文）First,underlyingtheMet’sfinancialchallengesistheproblemwiththeacquisitionspolicy.RecentdirectorsoftheMetdidnotaddmuchtothemuseum’smoderncollection.TheargumentwasthatmuseumssuchastheMoMAwerealreadyprovidingsuchworksintheircollectionsandthattheacquisitionofcontemporaryartbylivingartistswasproblematicandrisky.However,giventhefactthatmuseum-goersincreasinglyfavorcontemporaryart,therevenueoftheMetwilllikelyfallifitisn’tabletokeepupwiththetastesofthecustomers.Andbythetimeitmightrecognizethis,it’salreadytoolatetodomuchaboutitbecausethecoststoacquirethein-demandartissky-high.Thisleadstoasecondcriticalissue—thechangingdistributionofincomeanditseffectsonmuseumfinanceandoperation.

雖然在首自然段開宗明義地言及三原因之一fashion，然而此段并無fashion的直接表述，而fashion又無處不在。通過underlyingtheMet’sfinancialchallengesistheproblemwiththeacquisitionspolicy，點(diǎn)明theMet’sfinancialchallenges的問題在于theacquisitionspolicy。即為，NewYork’sMetropolitanMuseumofArt(theMet)的財(cái)務(wù)挑戰(zhàn)的根源問題在于其收購政策。其直接的后果是didnotaddmuchtothemuseum’smoderncollection。也即沒有為該博物館增加現(xiàn)代作品收集。故theMet的操作已使其陷入惡性循環(huán)。對(duì)比其現(xiàn)金充裕的rival，MoMAwerealreadyprovidingsuchworksintheircollections。這就是最好的詮釋。不管是從收入的增加，還是通過得到現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)品從而滿足參觀者所需，MoMA已形成良性循環(huán)。此處針對(duì)兩個(gè)博物館的不同做法，上面表格已給出。一方面，therevenueoftheMetwilllikelyfallifitisn’tabletokeepupwiththetastesofthecustomers。也即，面對(duì)參觀者日益喜歡現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的趨向，如果Met不能持續(xù)保持滿足顧客的胃口，則其收入的下降只會(huì)是或早或晚的事情。再有，bythetimeitmightrecognizethis,it’salreadytoolatetodomuchaboutitbecausethecoststoacquirethein-demandartissky-high。同樣還是fashion的問題。也即獲得需要的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)品的成本已高到博物館無法應(yīng)對(duì)的地步。此問題也導(dǎo)致thechangingdistributionofincomeanditseffectsonmuseumfinanceandoperation。也即，收入分配變化和其對(duì)博物館經(jīng)濟(jì)與運(yùn)營的影響。

（原文）Wearelivinginaboomperiodforcontemporaryart.Thenumberofauctions(拍賣)andartfairshasgrownenormouslytoaccommodatethisgrowingmarket.Inaworldwithabout1,800billionaires,itonlytakesarelativefewtodrivehigh-endartpricestoastronomicallevels.WorksbytheGermanartistGerhardRichterhavegenerated$1.2billioninsalesinrecentyears.Thesoaringpricesmeanmuseumssimplycan’tkeepupandmustusuallydependondonationstoassemblethebestworks,orthey’repricedout.Moreover,billionairesthemselvesareincreasinglysettinguptheirownprivatemuseums,furtherdistancingtheabilityofpublicmuseumstogetthegoodstuff.再看看第二個(gè)原因。一方面Inaworldwithabout1,800billionaires,itonlytakesarelativefewtodrivehigh-endartpricestoastronomicallevels，也即，1800個(gè)左右的億萬富翁，驅(qū)動(dòng)高端藝術(shù)品達(dá)到天文數(shù)字級(jí)別不費(fèi)吹灰之力。然而Thesoaringpricesmeanmuseumssimplycan’tkeepupandmustusuallydependondonationstoassemblethebestworks,orthey’repricedout，飛漲的價(jià)格只能使得博物館無法跟進(jìn)，且只有依靠捐助收集到最好的藝術(shù)作品，否則便被淘汰出局。再有，還是billionaires。billionairesthemselvesareincreasinglysettinguptheirownprivatemuseums,furtherdistancingtheabilityofpublicmuseumstogetthegoodstuff。也即，億萬富翁自己也開始建立他們自己的博物館，此舉進(jìn)一步拉大公共博物館和好的藝術(shù)品之間的距離。

（原文）Athirdinterrelatedproblemisthatdemographicissueshaveputpressureontherevenueside.Unemployment,earlyretirementsandtheagingofthepopulationintheUShavecontributedtoincreasedattendanceatmuseums.Youmightthinkit’sagoodthing,butmoretrafficmeanshighercosts,andwhenthoseadditionalvisitorsdon’tresultinmorerevenue,profitabilitygoesdown.Thisisbecauseofthelongstandingmovementtowardmakingmuseums“free”byhavingindividuals,governmentorbusinesses“sponsor”thecost.Butwhenthatsupportgetsreducedbybudgetcostsoranotherreason,museumsmusteithercoverthecostthemselvesorlosepatronsbysuddenlychargingfees.Thereisevidencethatattendanceriseswheneconomicgrowthslows,butthat’salsowhenthose“sponsors”aremorelikelytobegintodisappear.第三個(gè)原因，demographicissueshaveputpressureontherevenueside。也即博物館參觀人數(shù)的增加（increasedattendanceatmuseumsormoreadditionalvisitorsormoretraffic）未能帶來利潤的增長而是下降。主要原因在于thelongstandingmovementtowardmakingmuseums“free”byhavingindividuals,governmentorbusinesses“sponsor”thecost。也即長久以來，個(gè)人，政府或企業(yè)“捐助”成本而使得博物館推行免費(fèi)舉措。尷尬之處還在于，whenthatsupportgetsreducedbybudgetcostsoranotherreason,museumsmusteithercoverthecostthemselvesorlosepatronsbysuddenlychargingfees。也即，由于削減預(yù)算成本或他因?qū)е轮С窒陆禃r(shí)，博物館要么自付成本，要么因突然收費(fèi)而失去資助者。頗為矛盾的是，Thereisevidencethatattendanceriseswheneconomicgrowthslows,butthat’salsowhenthose“sponsors”aremorelikelytobegintodisappear。一方面，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的減緩導(dǎo)致參觀者人數(shù)的上升。但同時(shí)資助者則更有可能開始下降。前者加大了運(yùn)行成本，后者導(dǎo)致后續(xù)資金無以為繼。

（原文）Museumswillcertainlycontinuetoexistandprovideuswithinvaluableinsightsintoourculture.Buttheymustexistundereconomicprinciples,andit’dbewisefortheir

administratorstoconsidertheeconomicsintheircalculations.面對(duì)以上Met所面對(duì)的諸多問題，作者首肯博物館存在對(duì)于公眾的重要性和必要性，也即provideuswithinvaluableinsightsintoourculture。此處呼應(yīng)全文第一句話。僅有高大上的貢獻(xiàn)而忽略其運(yùn)營的重重困難，只會(huì)使其深陷泥沼（flounder）。因此作者呼吁theymustexistundereconomicprinciples,andit’dbewisefortheiradministratorstoconsidertheeconomicsintheircalculations。也即，博物館須在經(jīng)濟(jì)原理下存在，經(jīng)營者把經(jīng)濟(jì)因素考慮在內(nèi)則是明智之舉。也許突然有一天，宣布取消thelongstandingmovementtowardmakingmuseums“free”對(duì)于theMet而言，實(shí)屬不錯(cuò)的選擇。再者，在theacquisitionspolicytoaddmuchtothemuseum’smoderncollectionsoastokeepupwiththetastesofthecustomers上做出相應(yīng)調(diào)整，而非無所作為。此舉或可使其擺脫當(dāng)前困局。

答案解析：31．Accordingtotheauthor,

??.A．MoMAsawariseindonationduetoitsincreasedattendanceB．theMetfailedtorespondtotheartistictastesofmodernvisitorsC．theMetconsideredworksofthelivingartistsasquestionableD．MoMAaddedtoitsmoderncollectiondespitethebudgetdeficit

解析：此題是關(guān)鍵詞對(duì)應(yīng)下的細(xì)節(jié)題。答案A中的ariseindonation非原文所提。且increasedattendance屬于theMet對(duì)應(yīng)信息。答案D中的thebudgetdeficit屬于theMet的信息。答案C中的worksofthelivingartists，原文對(duì)應(yīng)信息為theacquisitionofcontemporaryartbylivingartistswasproblematicandrisky。也即活著的藝術(shù)家的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)作品的購置是有問題的且具有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性。B答案來源于第二自然段。也即，RecentdirectorsoftheMetdidnotaddmuchtothemuseum’smoderncollection。再有museum-goersincreasinglyfavorcontemporaryart。所以B為正確答案。

32．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Billionairescontrolartauctionstopriceoutpublicmuseums.B．Theboomofmodernartwillleadvisitorstoprivatemuseums.C．Theincreaseinvisitorscanhurttheprofitabilityofmuseums.D．Economicslowdownsresultinaweakenedinterestinmuseums.

解析：對(duì)于答案A，原文未提及controlartauctions，更未提及操控拍賣是為了把公共博物館擠出去。針對(duì)此句Thesoaringpricesmeanmuseumssimplycan’tkeepupandmustusuallydependondonationstoassemblethebestworks,orthey’repricedout，原文賞析中已做分析。B答案對(duì)應(yīng)原文billionairesthemselvesareincreasinglysettinguptheirownprivatemuseums,furtherdistancingtheabilityofpublicmuseumstogetthegoodstuff，此