專題13人物傳記故事類三年高考(20162018)英語試題分項解析(解析)

專題13人物傳記、故事類-三年高考(2016-2018)英語試題分項版解析(解析版)專題13人物傳記、故事類-三年高考(2016-2018)英語試題分項版解析(解析版)專題13人物傳記、故事類-三年高考(2016-2018)英語試題分項版解析(解析版)2018年高考題A【2018·浙江卷】In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy（識字）rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”Novels,forthemostlookedpart,wereuponassilly,immoral,orjustplainbad.In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—Removinghimfromthepantheon

wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens’greatnessisunchallenged.（名人堂）ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf-dozenofthem.It’spartlytruethatDickens’styleofattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It’spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butitthatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchasingularwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.21.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18thcentury?A.Theyweredifficulttounderstand.B.Theywerepopularamongtherich.C.Theywereseenasnearlyworthless.D.Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen.22.DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress________.A.hisreputationinFranceB.hisinterestinmodernartC.hissuccessinpublicationD.hisimportanceinliterature23.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Torememberagreatwriter.B.TointroduceanEnglishnovel.C.Toencouragestudiesonculture.D.TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.【答案】21.C【解析】本文寫于

22.D23.ACharlesDickens

誕辰

200周年前夕，介紹了

CharlesDickens

在英國小說方面的重要貢獻和深遠影響。22.推理判斷題。依照第二段Dickens’greatnessisunchallenged.CharlesDickens小說的影響可知，和列舉的把他和MonaLisa對照是為了說明CharlesDickens在英國小說方面的重要性和MonaLisa在繪畫方面的重要性是相同的，應(yīng)選D。23.寫作妄圖題。依照文中對CharlesDickens及其作品在英國小說史上重要性的描述，和文章最后Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.可知本文是寫于CharlesDickens誕辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者寫本文是為了紀念這位偉大的作家。應(yīng)選A?！军c睛】推理判斷題要求在理解表面文字的基礎(chǔ)上，做出判斷和推論，進而獲取文章的隱含的意思和深層的意思，也就是經(jīng)過文章中的文字信息，上下邏輯關(guān)系及事物的發(fā)展變化等已知的信息，推斷出作者沒有直接表達的態(tài)度和看法。本文推理判斷題的考法：1.推斷文章的看法或結(jié)論。小題1要求判斷18世紀英國小說的現(xiàn)狀，依照第一段對當時情況的描述nobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracyrateinEnglandwasunder50%.Novels,werelookeduponassilly,immoral,orjustplainbad.可知當時印刷技術(shù)落后，人們識字率低，小說被以為是笨拙的不正常的，毫無價值可言。2.推斷作者寫作目的或妄圖。小題

3判斷本文的寫作目的，依照文中對

CharlesDickens

及其作品在英國小說史上重要性的描述，和文章最后

Butasthe200thanniversaryof

hisbirth

approaches,itispossible

—

andimportantforourownculture

—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.可知本文是寫于

CharlesDickens誕辰

200周年前夕，由此推斷作者寫本文是為了紀念這位偉大的作家。學(xué)科

@網(wǎng)B【2018·天津卷】WhenIwas17,IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay,oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay.Shehadrequestedthecommunitytoturnitintoamuseumuponherdeath.OnasunnySaturday,SallyandIdroveovertothemuseum.Sheasked,"Doyouhavetheaddress?""No,butI'llrecognizeit,therewasapictureinthemagazine.""Oh,stop.Thereitis!”Themuseumwasfree.Weentered,excited.Agroupofpeoplesittinginthehallstoppedtalkingandstaredatus."MayIhelpyou?"amanasked."No,"Isaid."We'refine.”Tourguidesgotonmynerves.Whatiftheytlongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren'tthatinterestedin?Sallyhadgoneupstairs.Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy(愛窺探的),keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity.Whatwastheirproblem?Isawsomenicesculpturesinoneroom.SuddenlyIsensedamanstandingbehindme."Wheredoyouthinkyouare?"heasked.Iturnedsharply."TheMcNayArtMuseum!"Hesmiled,shakinghishead."Sorry,theMcNayisonNewBraunfelsStreet.""Whatplace?”Iasked,stillconfused."Well,it'sourhome."Myheartjolted(震顫).Iracedtothestaircaseandcalledout,"Sally!Comedownimmediately!""There'ssomereallygoodstuff(藝術(shù)作品)upthere."Shesteppeddown,lookingconfused.Ipushedhertowardthefrontdoor,wavingatthefamily,saying,"Sorry,pleaseforgiveus,youhaveareallyniceplace."Outside,whenItoldSallywhathappened,shecoveredhermouth,laughing.Shecouldn'tbelievehowlongtheyletuslookaroundwithoutsayinganything.TherealMcNaywassplendid,butwefeltnervousthewholetimewewerethere.VanGogh,Picasso.Thistime,westayedtogether,incaseanythingelseunusualhappened.Thirtyyearslater,awomanapproachedmeinapublicplace."Excuseme,didyoueverenteraresidence,longago,thinkingitwastheMcNayMuseum?""Yes.Buthowdoyouknow?Wenevertoldanyone.""Thatwasmyhome.Iwasateenagersittinginthehall.Beforeyoucameover,IneverrealizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin.Ineverfeltluckybefore.Youthoughtitwasamuseum.Myfeelingsaboutmyhomechangedafterthat.I'vealwayswantedtothankyou."WhatdoweknowaboutMarianMcNay?A.Shewasapainter.B.Shewasacommunityleader.C.Shewasamuseumdirector.D.Shewasajournalist.Whydidtheauthorrefusethehelpfromthemaninthehouse?A.Shedislikedpeoplewhowerenosy.B.Shefeltnervouswhentalkingtostrangers.C.Sheknewmoreaboutartthantheman.43.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutbeingstaredatbythepeopleinthehall?A.Puzzled.B.Concerned.C.Frightened.D.Delighted.WhydidtheauthordescribetherealMcNaymuseuminjustafewwords?A.Therealmuseumlackedenoughartworktointeresther.B.Shewastooupsettospendmuchtimeattherealmuseum.C.TheMcNaywasdisappointingcomparedwiththehouse.D.Theeventhappeninginthehousewasmoresignificant.Whatcouldwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Peopleshouldhavegoodtastetoenjoylife.B.Peopleshouldspendmoretimewiththeirfamily.C.Peopletendtobeblindtothebeautyaroundthem.D.Peopletendtoeducateteenagersatamuseum.【答案】

41.A

42.D

43.A

44.D

45.C【解析】本文是一篇記述文。文章作者和朋友原想?yún)⒂^

McNay

博物館，到了此后參觀的時候，發(fā)現(xiàn)好多人奇怪的看著她，最后才發(fā)現(xiàn)自己誤將一個個人住處看作

McNay

博物館。

30年后，一位女士認出誤撞入自己住處的作者，指出正是由于作者的誤撞入才讓她意識到自己住的地方有多么美麗。41.細節(jié)理解題。依照文章第一段WhenIwas17,IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay,oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay.可知，MarianMcNay是一名水彩畫家。應(yīng)選A。42.細節(jié)理解題。依照文章第四段"MayIhelpyou?"amanasked."No,"Isaid."We'refine.Tourguidesgoton”mynerves.可知，導(dǎo)游令作者心煩，作者誤以為房子里的男人是位導(dǎo)游。應(yīng)選D。43.推理判斷題。依照文章第四段Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy(愛窺探的),keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity.Whatwastheirproblem?（大廳的人看起來都特別愛窺探的，眼睛不停的好奇的看著我。他們有什么問題？）能夠推斷出，作者當時感覺疑惑不解。應(yīng)選A?！军c睛】本文是敘事性的文章，文章有必然的興趣性，整體難度中等，觀察主要以細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩類題型。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強的高層次閱讀理解題，做這類題目時，同學(xué)們要嚴格依照作者所陳述的細節(jié)、事實以及作者的措詞、態(tài)度和語氣，找出能夠顯現(xiàn)作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞句，爾后利用自己已獲取的有關(guān)知識進行推理判斷，進而得出吻合邏輯的結(jié)論。如小題

3中觀察作者被人盯著看的感覺，我們需要找到文章中作者的措詞

nosy，curiosity

和problem，能夠推斷出作者當時特別疑惑不解的心理感覺。A【2018·北京卷】MyFirstMarathon

（馬拉松）Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn

’tdoeitherwell.Helaterinformedmethat＂notIwathletics＂.TheideathatIwas＂notathletic＂stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldnnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.

’tevenfindthefinishline.IwokendupsweatingaShortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces(鞋帶)becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!Atmile3,Ipassedasign:＂GOFORIT,RUNNERS!＂Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21,Iwasstarving!AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,IgotthesamemedalastheDeterminedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗標簽),Icannowcallmyselfa＂marathonwinner＂.36.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor____________.A.waswelltrainedB.feltscaredC.madeuphismindtorunD.losthopeWhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.Toshareapreciousmemory.Howwastheauthor’sfirstmarathon?A.Hemadeit.B.Hequithalfway.C.Hegotthefirstprize.D.Hewalkedtotheend.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.C2[2018?北京卷]A【要點綜述】本文是一篇故事類文章。作者記述了沒有運動天賦的他，在20多歲才開始長跑，但是一次在賽馬拉松比賽前夕踝關(guān)節(jié)受傷，但他百折不撓，最后實現(xiàn)了自我的故事。36.C細節(jié)理解題。依照文章第一段中的“Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead可知，作者”在馬拉松前一個月下定信心要參加馬拉松比賽。應(yīng)選C。37.C寫作妄圖題。依照文章第二段中的“HelaterinformedmethatIwas"notathletic可知，作者的經(jīng)””歷證明他在運動方面其實不是很有天賦。應(yīng)選C。38.A細節(jié)理解題。依照文章倒數(shù)第二段“Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.以”及前文中作者行進經(jīng)過的標志可知，誠然作者是最后到達終點的一批馬拉松選手，但是他跑完了全程。應(yīng)選A。39.B主旨馬虎題。依照文章最后一段“Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗標簽),Icannowcallmyselfa"marathonwinner

可知，作者”享受.”到了戰(zhàn)勝自我的快樂，以為只要努力了就算是成功者。應(yīng)選

B。2017年高考題人物傳記類C1[2017浙·江卷6月考]ABenjaminWest,thefatherofAmericanpainting,showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsofage.Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedays,abrushwasmadefromcamel'shair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong,thecatbegantolookragged(蓬亂).Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.Thecat'slotwasabouttoimprove.Thatyear,oneofBenjamin'scousins,MrPennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin'sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings(版畫)byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.In1747，whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold，MrPenningtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin'sparentsifhemighttaketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.Inthecity,MrPenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboybeganalandscape(

風景)painting.WilliamWilliams,awell-knownpainter，cametoseehimwork.WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.Thebookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle,havingbeenapoorstudent.Buthelatersaid，“Thosetwobooksweremycompanionsbyday,andundermypillowatnight.”Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks，theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.21．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Benjamin'svisittoPhiladelphia.B.Williams'influenceonBenjamin.C.ThebeginningofBenjamin'slifeasanartist.D.ThefriendshipbetweenBenjaminandPennington.22．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3suggest?A.Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.B.Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.C.Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.D.Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.23．WhatdidPenningtondotohelpBenjamindevelophistalent?A.Hetookhimtoseepaintingexhibitions.B.Heprovidedhimwithpaintingmaterials.C.HesenthimtoaschoolinPhiladelphia.D.Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings.24．Williams'twobookshelpedBenjaminto________．A.mastertheuseofpaintsB.appreciatelandscapepaintingsC.gettoknowotherpaintersD.makeuphismindtobeapainter【文章馬虎】本文是一篇人物介紹類的記述文，主要表達了美國繪畫之父本杰明·韋斯特小時候繪畫天賦的培養(yǎng)和他在6至9歲時碰到的藝術(shù)啟迪教育。21.C主旨馬虎題。依照文章第一段首句“BenjaminWestshowedhistalentforartwhen”，以及下文第四段首句提到的“In1747,whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold”和最后一段內(nèi)容及最后一句“boydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.”，并結(jié)合全文可知，文章主要表達了BenjaminWest(本杰明·韋斯特)少年時代的藝術(shù)啟迪，特別是6～9歲階段，因此C項能概括全文馬虎。D句意理解題。該句需要結(jié)合上下文來理解。依照上文第二段提到本杰明剪貓的毛來制作畫筆，以致貓的“毀毛破相”，而第三段提到本杰明的堂兄Pennington給他送來了好多畫畫的顏料和畫筆。由此我們能夠推斷，該下劃線句子內(nèi)容說明“貓的命運不久將獲取改進”，而這一點能夠從本杰明獲取了好多畫筆資助推斷出來。故這句話隱含著“本杰明將很快不再需要用貓的毛制作畫筆了，他將獲取好多真切的畫筆”的意思，答案選D項?！久麕燑c睛】本文后兩個小題觀察了細節(jié)題。在完成細節(jié)題時，要特別注意消除攪亂項。如【小題

23】中的

D項“Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings”屬于“偷梁換柱”類攪亂項，依照第三段第五句“Healsosentsixengravingsbyanartist”可知“這些版畫是Pennington送給Benjamin的”，其實不是是Pennington教Benjamin怎樣畫版畫，說明D項明顯錯誤。攪亂項的設(shè)置方法平時有以下幾種方式：張冠李戴。命題者把文章作者的看法與別人的看法混淆起來，題干問的是作者的看法，選項中出現(xiàn)的倒是別人的看法；或許題干問的是別人的看法，卻把作者的看法放到選項中去。偷梁換柱。攪亂項用了與原文相似的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和大部分相似的詞匯，卻在不易引人注意的地方換了幾個詞匯，造成句意的改變。招惹是非。攪亂項經(jīng)常是生活的基本知識和寬泛接受的看法，但在原文中并沒有有關(guān)的信息支持點，這類選項的設(shè)置經(jīng)常與問題的設(shè)問絕不有關(guān)。以偏概全。考生在做猜想文章中心思想、給文章增加標題或判斷推理題時，經(jīng)常會犯以偏概全的錯誤。產(chǎn)生這類錯誤的原因是考生受思想定勢的影響或考慮不周，以局部代替整體。其詳細表現(xiàn)為合理關(guān)系與不合理關(guān)系、正確概括與不正確概括之間的錯位。不合理關(guān)系就是表層理解與深層理解相混淆。表層理解是對文章中客觀事實的感知和記憶，經(jīng)常是文章直接表述的結(jié)論；深層理解則是對文章中的客觀事實進行邏輯推理、總結(jié)或概括后得出的結(jié)論。不正確概括是指不能夠正確地按題目要求概括或提取文中的表層或深層信息。學(xué)科&網(wǎng)考點：觀察記述文閱讀故事類[2017·京卷北]AItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint,NorthCarolina.ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademysoftballteamwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice,stampingtheirfeettostaywarm.Eighth-graderTaylorBisbeeshivered(發(fā)抖)alittleasshewatchedherteammateParisWhiteplay.Thetwodidn'tknoweachotherwell—Taylorhadjustmovedtotownamonthorsobefore.Suddenly,Parisfelltotheground.

“Paris'seyesrolledback，”

Taylorsays.

“Shestartedshaking.Iknewitwasanemergency.”Itcertainlywas.Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.Withoutimmediatemedicalcare,Pariswoulddie.Atfirst,noonemoved.Thegirlswereinshock.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout,“DoesanyoneknowCPR？”CPRisalife-savingtechnique.TodoCPR,youpressonthesickperson'schestsothatbloodmovesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans.Withoutoxygen,thebrainisdamagedquickly.Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,shehesitated.Shedidn'tthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR.

“Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath，”saysTaylor.Taylor'sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevice(withthem:Paris'sheartbeatreturned.

器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayed“IknowIwasreallylucky，”Parissaysnow.“Mostpeopledon'tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife.ExpertssayParisisright:forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.

”Today,Parisisbackonthesoftballteam.Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon.Shewantstobeanurse.

“Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow

，”

Taylorsays.

“IknowIcanactunderpressureinascarysituation.56．WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday?A．Shecaughtabadcold.B．Shehadasuddenheartproblem.C．Shewasknockeddownbyaball.D．Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice.57．WhydoesParissayshewaslucky?A．Shemadeaworthyfriend.B．Sherecoveredfromshock.C．ShereceivedimmediateCPR.D．Shecamebackonthesoftballteam.58．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor?A．Enthusiasticandkind.B．Courageousandcalm.C．Cooperativeandgenerous.D．Ambitiousandprofessional.【文章馬虎】本文是一篇記述文，表達了壘球女孩Paris在打球的過程中突然心力衰竭，隊友Taylor對其進行了緊急心肺復(fù)蘇，Paris因此恢復(fù)了心跳的故事。文章旨在說明病人心力衰竭時，其別人保持沉穩(wěn)并對其進行緊急心肺復(fù)蘇的重要性。56．B細節(jié)理解題。依照第三段中“Itcertainlywas.Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.”可知，Paris突然心力衰竭，因此答案為B。57．C推理判斷題。依照第六段可知隊友的協(xié)助使Paris獲取了及時的營救，因此Paris說自己很好運。故答案為C。58．B推理判斷題。依照第五段中“Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR.”可知Taylor特其他勇敢，以及第六段首句“Taylor'sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.”可知，Taylor是一個勇敢、沉穩(wěn)的女孩，因此答案為B?！久麕燑c睛】故事類文章是高考閱讀理解常選資料之一。這類文章常經(jīng)過表達突出人物性格特點或表達個人經(jīng)歷與感悟，以及逸聞趣事。文章的要素有時間、地址、人物、事件等。有些是按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過為主線表達的，在敘述的過程中有詳有略；有些是準時間的序次表達的，有正敘、倒敘等。解題技巧：1、高考采用的此類文章經(jīng)常為幽默類或感情類故事，其目的或說明某種看法，或抨擊某種陋習(xí)，或贊美某種道德，因此要關(guān)注作者表達的個人感悟，提出的個人建議，或故事中出乎意外的變化，而這些經(jīng)常體現(xiàn)文章中心或?qū)懽魍龍D，屬于必考點。這樣題中的第

58題，總結(jié)人物質(zhì)量的，

Taylor

依照自己所學(xué)的

CPR知識及時的挽救了

Paris

的生命，誠然遲疑了，但是很快地進行

CPR

搶救，說明她很勇敢，很沉著，不慌不忙，不像其他孩子那樣墜入慌亂之中，應(yīng)選B。2、該類文章語言流暢、幽默，命題經(jīng)常從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關(guān)系、作者的妄圖和態(tài)度、故事的前因和結(jié)果等方面下手，觀察學(xué)生對細節(jié)的辨別能力以及推理判斷能力。這類文章同學(xué)們常有文章易懂，題目不易做的感覺。要注意培養(yǎng)自己迅速閱讀的習(xí)慣。切不能在個別難懂的詞句上停留太久，耽誤時間。3、對整篇短文內(nèi)容有了必然的認識后，要立刻看短文后的問題，帶著問題去選擇或判斷答案。要確定所需查找的信息范圍，并注意所查找信息的特點。比方：若是問題或選項涉及到人名、地名，就應(yīng)該找首字母大寫的單詞；若是問題或選項波及時間、日期、數(shù)字，就應(yīng)該搜尋詳細的數(shù)據(jù)。[2017·國卷Ⅰ全]BIworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretuminLocustValley.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl(貓頭鷹)ontheground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2-to3-week-oldowl.Ithadalreadybeenplacedinacarrierforsafety.Iexaminedthechick(雛鳥)anditseemedfine.IfIcouldlocatethenest,Imighthavebeenabletoputitback,butnoluck.Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree.Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound.Iputsomepinebranchesintothebaskettomakethisnestsafeandcomfortable.Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent.Igavethehomeownerarecordingofthehungerscreamsofowlchicks.Theseadvertisethepresenceofchickstoadults;theymightalsoencourageourchicktostartcallingaswell.Igavetheownerasmuchinformationaspossibleandheadedhometoseewhatnewsthenightmightbring.Anervousnighttobesure，butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!Thehomeownercalledtosaythattheparentshadrespondedtotherecordings.Idroveoverandsawthechickinthenestlookinghealthyandactive.Anditwasaccompaniedinthenestbythegreatestsightofall—LUNCH！Theparentshaddonetheirdutyandwouldprobablycontinuetodoso.24．Whatisunavoidableintheauthor'srescueworkaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Effortsmadeinvain.B．Gettinginjuredinhiswork.C．Feelinguncertainabouthisfuture.D．Creaturesforcedoutoftheirhomes.25．WhywastheauthorcalledtoMuttontown?A．Torescueawoman.B．Totakecareofawoman.C．Tolookatababyowl.D．Tocureayoungowl.26．Whatmadethechickcalmdown?A．Anewnest.B．Somefood.C．Arecording.D．Itsparents.27．Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent?A．It'sunexpected.B．It'sbeautiful.C．It'shumorous.D．It'sdiscouraging.【文章馬虎】本文是一篇記述文。本文主要介紹了作者營救一只小貓頭鷹，給它做新的窩，幫助它回到父親母親自旁的故事。25.C

細節(jié)理解題。依照文章第二段中的

“Shehadfoundayoungowl(貓頭鷹)ontheground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2-to3-week-oldowl.

”可知，有人給作者打電話是由于有只小貓頭鷹掉在地上了，作者趕過去看看情況。文中并沒有說小貓頭鷹受傷了，作者可是過去看情況，因此

D選項錯誤。應(yīng)選

C。A細節(jié)理解題。依照文章第四段中的“Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.”可知，在作者把小貓頭鷹放在窩里此后，它很快就寧靜下來，因此是窩讓小貓頭鷹寧靜下來的。應(yīng)選A。B推理判斷題。依照前文描述可知作者為小貓頭鷹做了窩，而且?guī)椭一亓怂母赣H母親。作者的營救成功了，說明結(jié)局是美好的。再結(jié)合第一段的“However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.”可推斷，作者感覺很美好。應(yīng)選B。【名師點睛】盡管近幾年高考英語閱讀試題中推斷題呈不停上升的趨勢，但細節(jié)題依舊占有較大比率，而且已由過去簡單的對號入座直接答題轉(zhuǎn)向經(jīng)過語句的同義或反義變換來觀察考生對英語語言的理解能力，因此難度比從前有所增加。關(guān)于直接信息的細節(jié)題來說，考生能夠第一從問題中找到要點詞，爾后以此為線索，運用略讀及查閱的技巧在文中迅速搜尋這一細節(jié)，找到后再把這一部分內(nèi)容認真閱讀一遍，認真比較所給選項與文中細節(jié)的細微差別，在正確理解細節(jié)的前提下，最后確定最正確答案。而細節(jié)理解題是介于事實細節(jié)題和推理判斷題之間的一種題型，做這類題目時，考生需要對原文信息進行加工辦理，爾后再進行進一步的推理或鑒別，這對考生來說有必然難度。比方第25題WhywastheauthorcalledtoMuttontown?作者為什么會被打電話喊去Muttontown呢？經(jīng)過閱讀后文考生都知道是和營救小貓頭鷹有關(guān)，但C選項Tolookatababyowl.和D選項Tocureayoungowl.中都涉及到了“小貓頭鷹”，那終究是去“看小貓頭鷹”還是去“治療小貓頭鷹”呢？畢竟文章第一段中介紹作者工作職責的句子

IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,

arescueandeducationorganization

at

BaileyArboretuminLocustValley.中出現(xiàn)了

rescue“營救”這個單詞。再加上后文又出現(xiàn)

injured，

displacedorsickcreatures等單詞，給考生的心理表示就是被營救的小動物都是受傷的狀態(tài)。

有了前文的表示，考生很有可能會選擇

D選項，以為作者接到電話后去

Muttontown

營救小貓頭鷹。但實質(zhì)上，小貓頭鷹可是掉在地面上，并沒有受傷。依照這一點，

D選項就被消除了。因此正確答案是

C選項。[2017全·國卷Ⅱ

]BIfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorof

ButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn'twantmeforthefilm

—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.Idon'tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheatreandliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft(技藝)andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors:humorous,aggressive,andmakingfunofeachother—butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore(核心)ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou'refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback—hewithhisNewman'sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidn'tseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.He'dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas，andwedidn'ttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidn'tneedalotofwords.24．Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst?A．PaulNewmanwantedit.B．Thestudiopowersdidn'tlikehisagent.C．Hewasn'tfamousenough.D．Thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.25．WhydidPaulandtheauthorhavealastingfriendship?A．Theywereofthesameage.B．Theyworkedinthesametheatre.C．Theywerebothgoodactors.D．Theyhadsimilarcharacteristics.26．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?A．Theirbelief.B．Theircareforchildren.C．Theirsuccess.D．Theirsupportforeachother.27．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toshowhisloveoffilms.B．Torememberafriend.C．Tointroduceanewmovie.D．Tosharehisactingexperience.【文章馬虎】這是一篇記述文。作者深情地追憶了自己和PaulNewman志趣相投、信念相守的深邃的友情。24.C推理判斷題。由第一段第二句“Whenthestudiodidn'twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul”可知，攝制組拒絕采用“我”，由于“我”沒有Paul出名氣，由此能夠推斷作者當時名氣不足。25.D推理判斷題。第二段第一句后半部分及后邊的內(nèi)容詳細說了然作者和Paul的共同理想、追求與愛好。盡管兩人年齡差距很大，但是由于性格相似、志趣相投而成為忘年交?！久麕燑c睛】本文前三題均觀察了細節(jié)題。在完成細節(jié)題時，要特別注意消除攪亂項。如24題中的A項“PaulNewmanwantedit.屬”于“顛倒黑白”類攪亂項，依照“Whenthestudiodidn’twantformethefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul可知制片人”不想要我，他想要當時比較出名的演員Paul，說明A項明顯錯誤。攪亂項的設(shè)置方法除了“顛倒黑白”之外，平時還有以下幾種方式：張冠李戴。命題者把文章作者的看法與別人的看法混淆起來，題干問的是作者的看法，選項中出現(xiàn)的倒是別人的看法；或許題干問的是別人的看法，卻把作者的看法放到選項中去。偷梁換柱。攪亂項用了與原文相似的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和大部分相似的詞匯，卻在不易引人注意的地方換了幾個詞匯，造成句意的改變。招惹是非。攪亂項經(jīng)常是生活的基本知識和寬泛接受的看法，但在原文中并沒有有關(guān)的信息支持點，這類選項的設(shè)置經(jīng)常與問題的設(shè)問絕不有關(guān)。以偏概全。考生在做猜想文章中心思想、給文章增加標題或判斷推理題時，經(jīng)常會犯以偏概全的錯誤。產(chǎn)生這類錯誤的原因是考生受思想定勢的影響或考慮不周，以局部代替整體。其詳細表現(xiàn)為合理關(guān)系與不合理關(guān)系、正確概括與不正確概括之間的錯位。不合理關(guān)系就是表層理解與深層理解相混淆。表層理解是對文章中客觀事實的感知和記憶，經(jīng)常是文章直接表述的結(jié)論；深層理解則是對文章中的客觀事實進行邏輯推理、總結(jié)或概括后得出的結(jié)論。不正確概括是指不能夠正確地按題目要求概括或提取文中的表層或深層信息。學(xué)科@網(wǎng)考點：觀察記述文閱讀[2017·津卷天]BFifteenyearsago,ItookasummervacationinLecceinsouthernItaly.Afterclimbingupahillforapanoramic(全景的)viewofthebluesea,whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees,Ipausedtocatchmybreathandthenpositionedmyselftotakethebestphotoofthispanorama.Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,awomanapproachedfrombehind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.Likeme,thiswomanwasheretostop,sighandappreciatetheview.PatientasIwas,afterabout15minutes,mycamerascanningthesunandreviewingtheshotIwouldeventuallytake,Igrewfrustrated.WasittoomuchtoaskhertomovesoIcouldtakejustonepictureofthelandscape?Sure,Icouldhaveaskedher,butsomethingpreventedmefromdoingso.Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.Ididn'twanttomesswiththat.Another15minutespassedandIgrewbored.Thewomanwasstillthere.Idecidedtotakethephotoanyway.AndnowwhenIlookatit,Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somehowcomestolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit.Thisphoto,withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho“ruined”it,nowhangsonwallinmybedroom.Whatwouldshethinkifsheknewthatherfigureiscaptured(捕捉)andfrozenonsomestranger'sbedroomwall?Abedroom,afterall,isaveryprivatespace,inwhichsomewomanIdon'tevenknowhasbeenimmortalized(使??永存).Insomeways,shelivesinmyhouse.Perhapsweallliveineachothers'spaces.Perhapsthisiswhatphotosarefor:toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty,thatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure,forconnection,forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus.Thatphotoisareminder,acapturedmoment,anunspokenconversationbetweentwowomen,separatedonlybyathinsquareofglass.41．Whathappenedwhentheauthorwasabouttotakeaphoto?A．Hercamerastoppedworking.B．Awomanblockedherview.C．Someoneaskedhertoleave.D．Afriendapproachedfrombehind.42．Accordingtotheauthor,thewomanwasprobably________．A．enjoyingherselfB．losingherpatienceC．waitingforthesunsetD．thinkingaboutherpast43．Intheauthor'sopinion,whatmakesthephotosoalive?A．Therichcolourofthelandscape.B．Theperfectpositioningofthecamera.C．Thewoman'sexistenceinthephoto.D．Thesoftsunlightthatsummerday.44．Thephotoonthebedroomwallenablestheauthortobetterunderstand________．A．theneedtobeclosetonatureB．theimportanceofprivatespaceC．thejoyofthevacationinItalyD．thesharedpassionforbeauty45．Thepassagecanbeseenastheauthor'sreflectionsupon________．A．a(chǎn)particularlifeexperienceB．thepleasureoftravellingC．theartofphotographyD．a(chǎn)lostfriendship【文章馬虎】本文是一篇記述文。文章主要表達了作者原來想照一張最好的照片，結(jié)果一位女士素來待在那處毀了作者的想法。今后作者把那個人照了進來，而且還把那張照片掛在了臥室里。作者經(jīng)過這件事意識到自己或許也是別人照片里的風景。41.B細節(jié)理解題。依照第二段中的“Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,awomanapproachedfrombehind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.”可知“我”剛要拍照，突然一位女士從后邊湊近，擋了“我”的視線。42.A推理判斷題。依照第二段最后一句“sighandappreciatetheview.”以及第三段中的倒數(shù)第二句“Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.”可知這位女士陶醉在美麗的風景中，特別滿足。43.C細節(jié)理解題。依照第四段中的最后一句“Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somehowcomestolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit.”可知“我”以為這張照片之因此有了生命力，

是由于那位女士在照片中的存在。44.D推理判斷題。依照倒數(shù)第二段中的“toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty,thatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure,forconnection,forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus.”可知“我”從這張照片中更好地理解了人們對美景的共同的愛?！久麕燑c睛】這是一篇故事類短文，題目設(shè)置都以細節(jié)題為主，推理判斷為輔。細節(jié)題一般就是文章出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容即是答案，也有推理判斷題，就可否是經(jīng)過題干的某個單詞定位到文中能直接看出答案來的，要經(jīng)過故事中所陳述的內(nèi)容來推理判斷。做題時不能夠流于表面。能夠合適運用一些解題技巧。做推理判斷題要擅長抓住某一段話中的要點信息，即某些要點詞或短語去解析、推理、判斷，利用逆向思維或正面推理，進而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。比方45題，問這篇文章是作者對___的思慮，答案是依照最后三段內(nèi)容推理出來的。2016年高考題1.【2016·全國新課標I】CIampeterHodes,avolunteerstemcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89tripsofthose,51havebeenabroad,Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells（干細胞）inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast,inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐獻者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we’vegot72hoursatmost,SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:“Well,I’mreallysorry,I’vegotsomebadnewsforyou-therearenofightsfromWashington.”SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:“Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient-please,please,you’vegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.”Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldformere-routed(gotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.

改道)methroughNewarkandForthiscourierjob,

you’reconsciouslyaware

thanthatbox

you’regotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody’slife.29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph17AproviderBdeliverymanCcollectorDmedicaldoctor30.WhydoesPeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours?A.Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.B.Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.C.Theoperationneedsthatverymuch.D.Theicewon'tlastanylonger.31.WhichflightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst?A.ToLondonB.ToNewarkC.ToProvidence

D.ToWashington【答案】【解析】試題解析：本文是一篇記述文，主要介紹了作者在一次運送造血干細胞途中的一段經(jīng)歷，表現(xiàn)了人們之間的友好。29.B詞義猜想題。依照本段內(nèi)容I’vedone89trips和Ihave42hourstocarrystemcellsinmylittlebox以及第二段內(nèi)容可知作者是運送干細胞的人，也就是deliveryman。應(yīng)選B?！炯记牲c撥】詞義猜想題的答題技巧。1.依照定義或上下文講解進行猜想2.依照同位關(guān)系進行猜想3.依照構(gòu)詞法(前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等)進行猜想4.依照轉(zhuǎn)折或比較關(guān)系進行猜想。在本文中要依照上下文對作者工作的描述來推斷出正確的詞義。30.D細節(jié)理解題。依照第一段第二句Ihave42hourstocarrystemcellsinmylittleboxbecauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast.可知冰盒只好保持42小時合適的溫度。應(yīng)選D。31.B細節(jié)理解題。依照第二段末句Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,re-routedmethroughNewark可知，這位好心的女士第一安排作者去Newark的航班。應(yīng)選B?？键c：故事類短文閱讀2.【2016·全國新課標II】BFiveyearsago,whenItaughtartataschoolinSeattle,IusedTinkertoysasatestatthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents.IputasmallsetofTinkertoysinfrontof

eachstudent,andsaid:

”MakesomethingoutoftheTinkertoys.Youhave45minutestoday-and45minuteseachdayfortherestoftheweek.

”A