考研考博-英語-中國計量大學(xué)現(xiàn)代科技學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國計量大學(xué)現(xiàn)代科技學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytothesocalleddigitaldivide—thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthedividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.

Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.Astheinternetbecomesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess—afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmoregovernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadinternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.Andthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheinternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwehaveeverhad.

Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisnottheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.Andtheinternetisnottheonlytoolwehave;butithasenormouspotential.Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedandanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructurefoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidnothavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondWaveinfrastructure—includingroads,harbors,highways,ports,andsoon—werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,TheGermans,TheDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyouaregoingtobe.Thatdoesnotmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.ButitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneedtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.

17.Digitaldivideissomething________.

18.GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit________.

19.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof________.

20.Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon________.

問題1選項

A.gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet

B.therichcountriesareresponsiblefor

C.theworldmustguardagainst

D.consideredpositivetoday

問題2選項

A.offerseconomicpotentials

B.canbringforeignfunds

C.cansoonwipeoutworldpoverty

D.connectspeopleallovertheworld

問題3選項

A.providingfinancialsupportoverseas

B.preventingforeigncapitalcontrol

C.buildingindustrialinfrastructure

D.acceptingforeigninvestment

問題4選項

A.howwelldevelopeditiselectronically

B.whetheritisprejudicedagainstimmigrants

C.whetheritadoptsAmerican’sindustrialpattern

D.howmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporations

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】17.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第三句MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.（20年前，我和妻子曾就這個逼近的危險發(fā)表過演講。），可知數(shù)字鴻溝帶來消極影響，應(yīng)該受到重視，所以C選項“全世界必須防備的”正確，D選項“被視作積極”錯誤。A選項“因為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)而變得更糟”：根據(jù)第二段第二句和第五句Astheinternetbecomesmoreandmorecommercialized…Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.（隨著國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)越來越商業(yè)化……現(xiàn)在我認(rèn)為，在未來幾年，數(shù)字鴻溝將會縮小而不是擴(kuò)大），可知數(shù)字鴻溝因為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)而縮小，故錯誤。B選項“由發(fā)達(dá)國家造成的”：文中沒有提到。因此C選項正確。

18.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第三句Moreandmoregovernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadinternetaccess.（越來越多的政府擔(dān)心自己的國家會落后，想要普及互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入。），可知互聯(lián)網(wǎng)可以幫助發(fā)展國家經(jīng)濟(jì)，所以A選項“帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展?jié)摿Α闭_。B選項“可以將資金從國外流入”和D選項“連接世界各地的人”：不是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)能為國家?guī)淼闹匾饔?，故錯誤。C選項“能快速消除世界貧困”：根據(jù)第二段最后一句becausetheinternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwehaveeverhad.（因為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)很可能是對抗我們曾經(jīng)擁有的世界貧困的最強(qiáng)大的工具。），可知互聯(lián)網(wǎng)不能快速消除貧困，故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

19.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第四句Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructurefoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.（那些仍然認(rèn)為外國投資是對其主權(quán)的侵犯的國家，最好研究一下美國基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施（一個社會的基本結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)）的歷史。），可知作者就外國投資的話題以美國為例，所以D選項“接受國外投資”正確。A選項“提供海外經(jīng)濟(jì)支持”，B選項“防止外國資本控制”和C選項“建設(shè)工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”：文章沒有提到，故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

20.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三句ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyouaregoingtobe.（你擁有越多的外國資本來幫助建設(shè)第三次浪潮的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，也就是現(xiàn)在的電子基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，你就會發(fā)展得越好。），可知電子基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施在如今很大程度地影響發(fā)展，所以A選項“電子技術(shù)發(fā)展得多好”正確。B選項“是否對移民有偏見”，C選項“是否采用美國的工業(yè)模式”和D選項“它對外國公司有多少控制”：不是文章表達(dá)的重點，故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

2.不定項選擇題

Thereisnothingthatmanfearsmorethanthetouchoftheunknown.Hewantstoseewhatisreachingtowardshim,andtobeabletorecognizeoratleastclassifyit.Manalwaystendstoavoidphysicalcontactwithanythingstrange.Eveninsleep,whenheisfarmoreunguarded,hecanalltooeasilybedisturbedbyatouch.

Allthedistanceswhichmencreateroundthemselvesaredictatedbythisfear.Theyshutthemselvesinhouseswhichnoonemayenter,notonlythefearofbeingrobbed,butalsothefearofasuddenandunexpectedclutchoutofthedarkness.Thefearofbeingtouchedremainswithuswhenwegoaboutamongpeople;thewaywemoveinabusystreet,inrestaurants,trainsorbuses,isgovernedbyit.Evenwhenwearestandingnexttothemandareabletowatchandexaminethemclosely,weavoidactualcontactifwecan.Ifwedonotavoidit,itisbecausewefeelattractedtosomeone;andthenitiswewhomaketheapproach.

Itisonlyinacrowdthatmancanbecomefreeofthisfearofbeingtouched.Thatistheonlysituationinwhichthefearchangesintoitsopposite.Thecrowdheneedsisthedensecrowd,inwhichbodyispressedtobody;acrowd,too,whosephysicalconstitutionisalsodense,orcompact,sothathenolongernoticeswhoitisthatpressesagainsthim.Assoonasamanhassurrenderedhimselftothecrowdheceasestofearitstouch.

Ideallyallareequalthere;nodistinctionscount,noteventhatofsex.Themanpressedagainsthimisthesameashimself.Hefeelshimashefeelshimself.Suddenlyitisasthougheverythingwerehappeninginoneandthesamebody.Thisisperhapsoneofthereasonswhyacrowdseekstocloseinonitself:itwantstorideachindividualascompletelyaspossibleofthefearofbeingtouched.Themorefiercelypeoplepresstogether,themorecertaintheyfeelthattheydonotfeareachother.Thisreversalofthefearofbeingtouchedbelongstothenatureofcrowds.Thefeelingofreliefismoststrikingwherethedensityofthecrowdisgreatest.

1.Peoplefearburglarsbecause（）.

2.Inpublic,accordingtotheauthor,we（）.

3.Whichisthepossiblemeaningofthephrase“maketheapproach”inParagraph3?

4.Thewaywefeelwheninacrowdispresentedasa(n)（）.

5.Onceformed,crowdsalwaystendto（）.

問題1選項

A.theyarrivesuddenlyandunexpectedly

B.theygrabyouinthedark

C.theytakeawayyourmosttreasuredpersonalpossessions

D.theyattackpeopleintheassumedsafetyoftheirhome

問題2選項

A.alwaysavoidcontactwithpeople

B.donotobjecttosomeoneattractivetouchingus

C.feelveryuneasy

D.trynottobetouched

問題3選項

A.runaway

B.makeone’sway

C.layouttheroad

D.trytogetnearer

問題4選項

A.absurdity

B.logicalconclusion

C.opposite

D.paradox

問題5選項

A.becomeuncomfortable

B.contract

C.expand

D.splitup

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。文中第一句話Thereisnothingthatmanfearsmorethanthetouchoftheunknown.“沒有什么比接觸未知更讓人害怕的了。”以及第二段第二句Theyshutthemselvesinhouseswhichnoonemayenter,notonlythefearofbeingrobbed,butalsothefearofasuddenandunexpectedclutchoutofthedarkness.“他們把自己關(guān)在一所不讓人進(jìn)去的房子里，不僅怕被搶劫，而且也怕突然地、意外地從黑暗中鉆出來。”有提到，人們害怕未知事物是因為怕黑暗中的突然意外。A選項“他們來得突然，出乎意料”這是竊賊的特點，但不是人們害怕的理由；B選項“他們在黑暗中抓住你”，跟原文表達(dá)的意思是一樣的；C選項“它們會帶走你最珍貴的個人財產(chǎn)”文中有提及，但表示深層原因；D選項“他們在人們認(rèn)為安全的家里攻擊他們”跟“黑暗中被抓住”意思有出入。因此B選項符合題意。

第2題:判斷推理題。文章第二段提到…weavoidactualcontactifwecan.Ifwedonotavoidit,itisbecausewefeelattractedtosomeone…“我們盡量避免實際接觸。如果我們不回避它，那是因為我們被某人吸引了”，由此可知，在公共場合，作者認(rèn)為我們不反對有吸引力的人對我們的碰觸，所以B選項符合題意。A選項“總是避免與人接觸”跟原文表述“盡量避免與人接觸”還是有區(qū)別的，前者有些絕對化，人多的時候我們不可能避免接觸，只是說盡量；C選項“感到十分不安”，文中沒有提到關(guān)于心情方面；D選項“盡量不要被碰”也是比較絕對的說法。因此B選項正確。

第3題:語義推測題。由題意定位到文章第二段Ifwedonotavoidit,itisbecausewefeelattractedtosomeone;andthenitiswewhomaketheapproach.“如果我們不回避它，那是因為我們被某人吸引了；然后是我們來采取行動?！庇纱丝芍?，maketheapproach意為“采取措施，采取行動”。A選項“逃跑”意思不對；B選項“讓路，行走”也不符合題意；C選項“鋪設(shè)道路”可排除；D選項“試著靠近”與approach（靠近）意思一致，比較符合題意。因此D選項正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到文章第三段Itisonlyinacrowdthatmancanbecomefreeofthisfearofbeingtouched.Thatistheonlysituationinwhichthefearchangesintoitsopposite.

“只有在人群中，人們才能擺脫被觸碰的恐懼。只有在這種情況下，恐懼才會變成與之相反的。”后面還給出了相應(yīng)的合理解釋。由此可知，我們在人群中一般的感受是合理的。B選項“合乎邏輯的結(jié)論”符合題意；A選項“荒謬，謬論”與題意相反；C選項“相反的”并不是原文要表達(dá)的意思；D選項“悖論”不合題意可排除。因此B選項正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合文章最后一段Thisisperhapsoneofthereasonswhyacrowdseekstocloseinonitself:itwantstorideachindividualascompletelyaspossibleofthefearofbeingtouched.“這也許是群體慢慢向他自己靠攏的原因之一：它希望盡可能徹底地消除每個個體對被觸碰的恐懼?！币馑际侨巳憾嗔?，每個人所占據(jù)的空間就相應(yīng)地縮小了，也就向自己越靠越緊了。B選項contract“收縮”符合題意。A選項“變得不舒服”，由最后一句話可知該選項意思不對；C選項“擴(kuò)張”與題意正好相反；D選項“分開”文中未提及可排除。因此B選項正確。

3.單選題

Neitherofthetwoparties（

）abletosolvetheproblemsofthepoor.

問題1選項

A.are

B.is

C.havebeen

D.willhavebeen

【答案】B

【解析】考查主謂一致。neitherof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。此處表示兩個政黨中沒有哪一個能解決窮人的問題，此處是對客觀事實的表述，故用一般現(xiàn)在時，因此選B。句意：這兩個政黨都不能解決窮人的問題。

4.單選題

Irecommendthattheplanning（）untilallthematerialshavebeensupplied.

問題1選項

A.isnotstarted

B.willnotbestarted

C.notbestarted

D.isnottobestarted

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我建議應(yīng)該在所有的材料己被提供后才啟動這個計劃。

語法題?？疾樘摂M語氣。句子謂語為recommend,表示要求建議,這類動詞所接的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣:(should)+原形動詞，且should—般會省略,故選C。

5.單選題

______isthecenterofourplanetarysystemwasadifficultconcepttograspintheMiddleAges.

問題1選項

A.Thatthesunandnottheearth

B.Beingthesunandnottheearth

C.Itisthesunandnottheearth

D.Thesunandnottheearth

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查主語從句。句意：在中世紀(jì)，行星系的中心是太陽而不是地球，這是一個很難理解的概念。句子開頭到planetarysystem是主語從句，意思是“行星系的中心是太陽而不是地球”，其中橫線部分充當(dāng)主語從句的主語。that引導(dǎo)的主語從句在句首時，that不能省略，A選項Thatthesunandnottheearth符合題意，其余選項用法錯誤。因此A選項正確。

6.單選題

Ican’trememberexactlywhattriggeredtheexplosionbutitwaspretty（）.

問題1選項

A.estimating

B.devastating

C.reprocessing

D.preferring

【答案】B

【解析】estimating估計；devastating毀滅性的；reprocessing再生，（核燃料的）回收；preferring更喜歡。句意:我記不清是什么引起了爆炸,非常。B項符合句意。

7.單選題

Theidealcompanionmachine-thecomputer-wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner.Thosequalitiesthatmakeinteractioncomfortable,andyetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictableandthereforeinteresting.Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle.Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions;itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown.

Friendshipsarenotmadeinaday,andthecomputerwouldbemoreacceptableasafriendifitimitatedthegradualchangesthatoccurwhenonepersonisgettingtoknowanother.Atanappropriatetimeitmightalsoexpressthekindofaffectionthatstimulatesattachmentandintimacy.Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation.Afterexperiencingawealthofpowerful,well-timedfriendshipindicators,theuserwouldbeverylikelytoacceptthecomputerasfarmorethanamachineandmightwellcometoregarditasafriend.

Anartificialrelationshipofthistypewouldprovidemanyofthebenefitsthatcouldcontinuefrompreviousdiscussions.Itwouldhaveafamiliaritywiththeuser'slifeasrevealedinearliercontact,anditwouldbeunderstandingandgood-humored.Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive,anditwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?

2.Thecomputerwoulddevelopfriendshipswithhumansina(n)-way（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingaspectsisnotmentionedwhenthepassagediscussesthebenefitsofartificialrelationships?

4.Throughoutthepassage,theauthorisinhisattitudetowardthecomputer（

）.

5.Whichmightbethemostappropriatetitleofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Activeincommunication

B.Attractiveinpersonality.

C.enjoyableinperformance

D.unpredictableinbehavior

問題2選項

A.Quick

B.unpredictable

C.productive

D.inconspicuous.

問題3選項

A.Beingabletopickupaninterestingconversation.

B.Beingsensitivetoearliercontact.

C.Beingreadytolearnabouttheperson'slife

D.Havingapleasantandadaptablepersonality.

問題4選項

A.favorable

B.critical

C.vague

D.hesitant

問題5選項

A.Artificialrelationships.

B.Howtoformintimaterelationships

C.Theaffectionatemachine

D.Humansandcomputers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出:machinewouldremainslightlyunpredictable(機(jī)器有一點不可預(yù)測),因此D項與原文不符。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段:Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation(整個過程將以一種微妙的方式完成，以避免給人一種過于熟悉的印象，這可能會引起不安)。表明這種電腦與人類建立關(guān)系的過程是'inasubtleway,故選D項(不顯眼的，不引人注意的)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段:itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown(它有時會主動發(fā)展或改變話題，并擁有自己的個性),可以看出A跟D項有提到,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle(但當(dāng)它逐漸了解用戶時，它會發(fā)展成一種更輕松、更貼心的風(fēng)格),可以看出C項有提到。而B選項(對早起的接觸很敏感)與"Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant"不符,故選B。

4.態(tài)度方向。形容這種電腦作者用到的詞匯有:comfortable、interesting等,不難看出作者對這種電腦的態(tài)度是"favorable"贊賞的。

5.主旨大意題。作者介紹了這種“仿真交際”電腦與人類如何建立關(guān)系，并圍繞這種電腦的各項特點來介紹它是具有人情味、人性化的,因此C項作標(biāo)題最合適。

8.單選題

Althoughsports____thehousehold,Joedrewthelinewhentheyinterferedwithfamilytraditionsandroutine.

問題1選項

A.overwhelmed

B.affected

C.dominated

D.influenced

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.overwhelmed壓倒B.affected影響

C.dominated占據(jù)支配地位D.influenced影響

【答案】C

【考查點】語義銜接與動詞辨析

【解題思路】空格處所填詞的主語為“體育運(yùn)動”，賓語為“家庭；家人”根據(jù)前后語義，應(yīng)該是想表達(dá)在Joe的家庭中，體育運(yùn)動很重要，但是也會有個限度，不讓它們干擾家庭的傳統(tǒng)和日常的事務(wù)，因此，C選項dominated“占據(jù)支配地位”符合上下文語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】

A選項overwhelmed“壓倒”，側(cè)重于指完全戰(zhàn)勝，不符合原文語義銜接；

B選項affected側(cè)重于指有形力量的影響，有時這種影響是不受歡迎的，不符合原文語義銜接；

D選項influenced側(cè)重于指無形力量的影響，不符合原文語義銜接。

【句意】盡管體育運(yùn)動在家庭中占統(tǒng)治地位，但是當(dāng)它們干擾了家庭的傳統(tǒng)和日常事務(wù)時，Joe也有個限度。

9.單選題

It’samistaketothinkofFloridaonly（

）itstouristattractions.

問題1選項

A.inthetermsof

B.intermof

C.intermsof

D.intermswith

【答案】B

【解析】句意:只根據(jù)旅游景點來評判佛羅里達(dá)是不正確的。

考查短語辨析。inthetermsof無此表達(dá);intermof就…而言;intermsof依據(jù),按照;intermswith無此表達(dá)。因此B符合句意。

10.單選題

Itcanbearguedthatmuchconsumerdissatisfactionwithmarketingstrategiesarisesfromaninabilitytoaimadvertisingatonlythelikelybuyersofagivenproduct.Therearethreegroupsofconsumerswhoareaffectedbythemarketingprocess.First,thereisthemarketsegment—peoplewhoneedthecommodityinquestion.Second,thereistheprogramtarget—peopleinthemarketsegmentwiththe“bestfit”characteristicsforaspecificproduct.Lotsofpeoplemayneedtrousers,butonlyafewqualifyaslikelybuyersofveryexpensivedesignertrousers.Finallythereistheprogramaudience—allpeoplewhoareactuallyexposedtothemarketingprogramwithoutregardtowhethertheyneedorwanttheproduct.

Thesethreegroupsarerarelyidentical.Anexceptionoccursoccasionallyincaseswherecustomersforaparticularindustrialproductmaybefewandeasilyidentifiable.Suchcustomers,allsharingaparticularneed,arelikelytoformameaningfultarget,forexample,allcompanieswithaparticularapplicationoftheproductinquestion,suchashigh-speedfillersofbottlesatbreweries.Insuchcircumstances,directselling(marketingthatreachesonlytheprogramtarget)islikelytobeeconomicallyjustified,andhighlyspecializedtrademediaexisttoexposemembersoftheprogramtargetandonlymembersoftheprogramtarget—tothemarketingprogram.

Mostconsumer-goodsmarketsaresignificantlydifferent.Typically,therearemanyratherthanfewpotentialcustomers.Eachrepresentsarelativelysmallpercentageofpotentialsales.Rarelydomembersofaparticularmarketsegmentgroupthemselvesneatlyintoameaningfulprogramtarget.Therearesubstantialdifferencesamongconsumerswithsimilardemographiccharacteristics.Evenwithallthepastdecade’sadvancesininformationtechnology,directsellingofconsumergoodsisrare,andmassmarketing—amarketingapproachthataimsatawideaudience—remainstheonlyeconomicallyfeasiblemode.Unfortunately,therearefewmediathatallowthemarketertodirectamarketingprogramexclusivelytotheprogramtarget.Inevitablypeoplegetexposedtoagreatdealofmarketingforproductsinwhichtheyhavenointerestandsotheybecomeannoyed.

1.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingabouthighlyspecializedtrademedia?

2.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutdirectselling?

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexemplifiesthesituationdescribedinthelasttwosentencesofthepassage?

4.Thepassagesuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingistrueaboutthemarketingofindustrialproductslikethosediscussedinthesecondparagraph?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingistrueformostconsumer-goodsmarkets?

問題1選項

A.Theyareusedonlyforveryexpensiveproducts.

B.Theyshouldbeusedonlywhendirectsellingisnoteconomicallypossible.

C.Theycanbeusedtoexcludefromtheprogramaudiencepeoplewhoarenotpartoftheprogramtarget.

D.Theyarerarelyusedintheimplementationofmarketingprogramsforindustrialproducts.

問題2選項

A.Itisusedinthemarketingofmostindustrialproducts.

B.Itisoftenusedincaseswherethereisalargeprogramtarget.

C.Itisnoteconomicallyfeasibleformostmarketingprograms.

D.Itisusedonlyforproductsforwhichtherearemanypotentialcustomers.

問題3選項

A.Aproductsuitableforwomenage21-30ismarketedatmeetingsattendedonlybypotentialcustomers.

B.Acompanydevelopsanewproductandmustdevelopanadvertisingcampaigntocreateamarketforit.

C.Anideaforaspecializedproductremainsunexploredbecausemediaexposureoftheproducttoitsfewpotentialcustomerswouldbetooexpensive.

D.Aproductsuitableformenage60andoverisadvertisedinamagazinereadbyadultsofallages.

問題4選項

A.Themarketsegmentandprogramtargetareidentical.

B.Massmarketingistheonlyfeasiblewayofadvertisingsuchproducts.

C.Themarketingprogramcannotbedirectedspecificallytotheprogramtarget.

D.Morecustomerswouldbeneededtojustifytheexpenseofdirectselling.

問題5選項

A.Theprogramaudienceissmallerthanthemarketsegment.

B.Theprogramaudienceandthemarketsegmentareusuallyidentical.

C.Themarketsegmentandtheprogramtargetareusuallyidentical.

D.Theprogramtargetandtheprogramaudiencearenotusuallyidentical.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Therearethreegroupsofconsumerswhoareaffectedbythemarketingprocess.First…peoplewhoneedthecommodityinquestion.Second…peopleinthemarketsegmentwiththe‘bestfit’characteristicsforaspecificproduct…Finally…allpeoplewhoareactuallyexposedtothemarketingprogram…”，可知有三種消費(fèi)者受到市場營銷的影響。第一種是真正需要商品的人，第二種是適合某種特殊商品的人，第三種是接觸到營銷項目的所有人。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句，“…h(huán)ighlyspecializedtrademediaexisttoexposemembersoftheprogramtargetandonlymembersoftheprogramtarget—tothemarketingprogram.”，高度專業(yè)化的行業(yè)媒體的存在是為了讓營銷項目的目標(biāo)成員和只有接觸營銷目標(biāo)的成員了解營銷方案?？膳袛喑龈叨葘I(yè)化的行業(yè)媒體可以用來把不屬于營銷目標(biāo)的人排除在營銷計劃之外。選項C符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Evenwithallthepastdecade’sadvancesininformationtechnology,directsellingofconsumergoodsisrare,andmassmarketing—amarketingapproachthataimsatawideaudience—remainstheonlyeconomicallyfeasiblemode.”，盡管在過去的十年里，信息技術(shù)取得了很大的進(jìn)步，但直接銷售消費(fèi)品還是很少見的，而大眾營銷——一種針對廣大受眾的營銷方式——仍然是唯一經(jīng)濟(jì)上可行的模式?？膳袛喑鲋苯愉N售目前仍然不是經(jīng)濟(jì)上可能的模式。選項C符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章最后兩句，“Unfortunately,therearefewmediathatallowthemarketertodirectamarketingprogramexclusivelytotheprogramtarget.Inevitablypeoplegetexposedtoagreatdealofmarketingforproductsinwhichtheyhavenointerestandsotheybecomeannoyed.”，不幸的是，很少有媒體允許營銷人員將營銷計劃完全針對計劃目標(biāo)。不可避免地，人們會接觸到大量的營銷產(chǎn)品，而他們對這些產(chǎn)品并不感興趣，而且會感到厭煩?？膳袛喑鲆环N適合60歲以上男性的產(chǎn)品在各年齡段的成年人都能閱讀的雜志上登廣告，這種現(xiàn)象剛好反映了這一問題。選項D符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Anexceptionoccursoccasionallyincaseswherecustomersforaparticularindustrialproductmaybefewandeasilyidentifiable.Suchcustomers,allsharingaparticularneed,arelikelytoformameaningfultarget…”，在特定工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的客戶可能很少且很容易識別的情況下，偶爾會出現(xiàn)例外。這些共有特定需求的客戶很可能形成一個有意義的目標(biāo)，可判斷出特定工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的細(xì)分市場和營銷目標(biāo)是一致的。選項A符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Mostconsumer-goodsmarketsaresignificantlydifferent.Typically,therearemanyratherthanfewpotentialcustomers.”，大多數(shù)消費(fèi)品的市場都有很大的區(qū)別。通常，這些市場的潛在客戶很多?？膳袛喑龃蠖鄶?shù)消費(fèi)品市場的市場目標(biāo)和營銷受眾是不一致的，存在區(qū)別。選項D符合題意。

11.單選題

Thetroopssleptincrampedconditions.

問題1選項

A.untidy

B.makeshift

C.dirty

D.crowded

【答案】D

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項untidy“不整潔的，凌亂的，懶散的，不干凈利落的”；B選項makeshift“臨時的，權(quán)宜之計的”；C選項dirty“下流的，卑鄙的，骯臟的，惡劣的，暗淡的”；D選項crowded“擁擠的，塞滿的”。句意：軍隊在擁擠的條件下睡覺。Cramped“狹窄的，難懂的，難辨的”，D選項與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項正確。

12.單選題

Thereisno（）evidencethatthediplomaticrelationswillberestoredtonormalbetweenthesetwocountries.

問題1選項

A.tangible

B.touchable

C.noticeable

D.inevitable

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。tangible“切實的”；touchable“可觸摸的”；noticeable“顯著的”；inevitable“不可避免的”。句意：沒有確鑿的證據(jù)證明這兩個國家之間的關(guān)系將恢復(fù)正常。選項A符合題意。

13.單選題

Thekeytothesequestionsistheemotionalresponsewecallanxiety.Unlikehungerorthirst,whichbuildanddissipate(驅(qū)散)intheimmediatepresent,anxietyisthesortoffeelingthatsneaksuponyoufromthedayaftertomorrow.It’ssupposedtokeepyoufromfeelingtoosafe.Withoutit,fewofuswouldsurvive.

Allanimals,especiallythesmall,scurryingkind,appeartofeelanxiety.Humanshavefeltitsincethedaystheysharedtheplanetwithsaber-toothedtigers.Butweliveinaparticularlyanxiousage.TheinitialshockofSept.11haswormoff,andthefearhaslifted,butmillionsofAmericanscontinuetoshareakindofgeneralizedmassanxiety.ArecentTIME/CNNpollfoundthateightmonthsaftertheevent,nearlytwo-thirdsofAmericansthinkabouttheterrorattacksatleastseveraltimesaweek.Anditdoesn’ttakemuchforalltheoldfearstocomerushingback.Whatwassurprisingabouttherecentdrumbeatofterrorwarningswashowquicklyittriggeredtheanxietysomanyofusthoughtwehadputbehindus.

Thisisoneofthemysteriesofanxiety.Whileitisanormalresponsetophysicaldanger-andcanbeausefultoolforfocusingthemindwhenthere’sadeadlinelooming(或隱或現(xiàn))—anxietybecomesaproblemwhenitpersiststoolongbeyondtheimmediatethreat.Sometimesthere’sanobviouscause,aswiththeshell-shockedsoldiersofWorldWarIortheterror-scarredciviliansoftheWorldTradeCentercollapse.Othertimes,wedon’tknowwhywecan’tstopworrying.

Thereiscertainlyalotofanxietygoingaround.Anxietydisorder—whichiswhathealthexpertscallanyanxietythatpersiststothepointthatitinterfereswithone’slife—isthemostcommonmentalillnessintheU.S.Initsvariousforms,rangingfromveryspecificphobias(恐懼癥)togeneralizedanxietydisorder,itafflicts19millionAmericans.

Andyet,accordingtoasurveypublishedlastJanuarybyresearchersfromUCLA,lessthan25%ofAmericanswithanxietydisordersreceiveanykindoftreatmentfortheircondition.“Ifmentalhealthisthestepchildofthehealth-caresystem,”saysJerilynRoss,presidentoftheAnxietyDisordersAssociationofAmerica.“thenanxietyisthestepchildofthestepchild.”

SigmundFreudwasfascinatedwithanxietyandrecognizedearlyonthatthereismorethanonekind.Heidentifiedtwomajorformsofanxiety:onemorebiologicalinnatureandtheothermoredependentonpsychologicalfactors.Unfortunately,hisfollowersweresoobsessedwithhisideasaboutsexdrivesandunresolvedconflictsthatstudiesofthephysicalbasisofanxietylanguished(減退).

1.Whatcanbethemostsuitabletitleofthispassage?

2.WhydoestheauthorgivetheexampleoftheterroristattackonSept.11?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.WhatdoesJerilynRossmeanby“Ifmentalhealthisthestepchildofthehealth-caresystem...thenanxietyisthestepchildofthestepchild.”inParagraph5?

5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.HealingAnxiety.

B.UnderstandingAnxiety.

C.TheOriginofAnxiety.

D.TheHazardsofAnxiety.

問題2選項

A.Toshowthatanxietyseldomreoccurs.

B.Toindicatethatanxietyiseasytoarouse.

C.Toprovethathumanisatrisk.

D.Todemonstratethatmankindismorenervousthananyothertime.

問題3選項

A.Anxietydisorderhasanegativeimpact.

B.Anxietyisoneofthehealthcareissues.

C.Anxietyissupposedtobeavoided.

D.Whatleadstoanxietycanbeambiguous.

問題4選項

A.Theproblemofmentalhealthisneglected.

B.Theproblemofanxietyisneglected.

C.Mentalhealthisahealth-careproblem.

D.Anxietyisamental-healthproblem.

問題5選項

A.SigmundFreud’sideasarewelldevelopedbythefollowers.

B.Sexdrivesandunresolvedconflictscanrelieveanxiety.

C.SigmundFreudidentifiedtypesofanxiety.

D.Moreresearchesshouldbeconductedinphysicalaspectofanxiety.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章講了焦慮是什么、焦慮的來源、焦慮帶來的影響、治療焦慮的研究和方法，B選項“理解焦慮”正確。A選項“治療焦慮”，C選項“焦慮的起源”和D選項“焦慮的危害”是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文。因此B選項正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句Butweliveinaparticularlyanxiousage.（但我們生活在一個特別焦慮的時代。）和第二段最后一句Whatwassurprisingabouttherecentdrumbeatofterrorwarningswashowquicklyittriggeredtheanxietysomanyofusthought