考研考博-英語(yǔ)-伊犁職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-伊犁職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.問(wèn)答題

Artistsusecaricaturetodistortthehumanfaceorfigureforcomicaffectwhileatthesametime

A

B

capturinganidentifiablelikenessandsuggestingtheessenceofthepersonalityorcharacter

C

beneaththesurface.Thehumorliesinthefactthatthecaricatureisrecognizable,andyetexasperated.

D

【答案】試題答案：B;effect

【解析】考查名詞辨析。comic為形容詞，意為“”喜劇的，后面接名詞。affect作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“影響”，作名詞時(shí)，意為“情感”；effect為名詞，意為“影響，效果”。

2.單選題

Whichofthefollowingsentencesexpresses"probability"?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Youmustleaveimmediately.

B.Youmustbefeelingrathertired.

C.Youmustbeherebyeighto’clock.

D.Youmustcompletereadingassignmentontime.

【答案】B

【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。題干：下面哪個(gè)句子表達(dá)“可能性”？

must作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，可以表示命令或推測(cè)。B選項(xiàng)表示推測(cè)，其他選項(xiàng)表示命令。

3.單選題

Oncethequestionisput,weknow（

）trytoobtaintheanswer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.toproceedindirectionto

B.wheredirectionproceedto

C.inwhichdirectiontoproceedto

D.whichdirectionproceedtoward

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，know后面的成分為它的賓語(yǔ)，填空處缺少的是方式狀語(yǔ)。選項(xiàng)A不定式做主語(yǔ)或目的狀語(yǔ)；選項(xiàng)B中where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)；選項(xiàng)D缺少先行詞。所以只有選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.單選題

“TheGooglebrandhastakenonalifeofitsown,”concedesJimLanzone,thebossofA,thefourth-largestbutfastest-growingsearchengine,andthissimultaneouslyfrustratesanddelightshim.Itfrustrateshimbemusepeoplesaythey“Google”thingsevenwhentheygotoAskorotherenginestosearchtheweb;bemuseGoogleisconsidered,fornogoodreason(inhisopinion),“thesafechoiceunderpressure”;andbemusemanypeople“don’tseemtowantchoice”andsticktoGoogleoutofmereinertia.

Butitdelightshim,becauseGoogle,havingmademanyenemies,mustnowfightmanybattles;andbecauseGoogle,perhapsoutofhubris,appearstobegettingdistracted.Thismonth,forinstance,Googleunveiledafreeonlinespreadsheetprogram,which,likemanyGoogleproducts,haslittletodowithwebsearchandismeanttoneedleMicrosoft,theworld’slargestsoftwarecompany,whichhasanear-monopolyonspreadsheetsthroughExcel.Google,inotherwords,hasimpressivemomentum,saysMr.Lanzone,butagoodmartial-artistcanusehisopponent’smomentumtoovercomehim,so“we’reusingsearchaikido”.

Yahoo!,thelargestinternetportalwithabout400musers(ofitse-mail,instant-messaging,musicandotherproducts),hascomeupwithastrategytodifferentiateitsownsearchengine.Yahoo!hasbeenatthisgameforonlytwoyears,butnowhashundredsofengineersworkingonit.Incontrasttothequasi-religiousfaiththatGoogleplacesinitsmathematicalalgorithms,saysEckartWalther,oneofYahoo!’ssearchbosses,Yahoo!is“aboutcombiningthebestofpeoplewiththebestoftechnology”.

Askistakingadifferenttack.IthascomeupwithExpertRank,analgorithmthatalsorankswebpagesbyincominglinksandlinksbytheme.Soinsteadofusingawebpage’soverallpopularitytocalculateitsranking,itfindsthepagesthataremostpopularamongexpertsonaparticularsubject,amethodthatoftenreturnsbetterresultsthanGoogle’s.Askalsousesthesethematicclusterstosuggestthebestwaystonarroworexpandasearch,afeaturecalled“zoom”thatisverypopular.ChrisShermanofSearchEngineWatchthinksthatAskisasgoodasGoogleforgeneralwebsearch—butbetterthanGenieforfindingonlinemapsandimages.

AsforMicrosoft,ithasidentifiedGoogleasamortalthreattoitsbusinessandhaslaunchedanall-outefforttocatchupinonlineservicesingeneral,andinsearchinparticular.Lastwinter,ittriedtobuyitselfmarketsharebynegotiatingwithAOLforamerger—oratleastanagreementunderwhichAOLwouldswitchfromGoogle’ssearchtechnologytoMSN’s;butGooglepre-emptedMicrosoftanditselftookadefensivestakeinAOL.Microsofthasalsohiredformerrivalswhoarewellrespectedintheindustry.

1.Whatisthecentralideaofthispassage?

2.WhatisthepotentialcrisisforGoogleaccordingtoJimLanzone?

3.Whatisthepossiblemeaningof“aikido”inParagraph2?

4.WhichofthestatementisNOTtrueaboutExpertRank?

5.WhichisthereactiontakentocopewithGoogle’schallenge?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Googlemanagestoseizemoremarketshareinsoftwarebusiness.

B.Google’sgrowththreatenscompanieslikeMicrosofttoalargeextent.

C.Googledominatestheon-linesearchmarket.

D.Googleisconfrontedwithstiffcompetition.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itsrivalsaretryingtoformalliance.

B.Googleextendsintovariousfields.

C.Googleoverestimatesitstechnique.

D.Google’snewon-lineprogramattractsmoreusers.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Observingthepowercontrastbetweenthetwosides.

B.Temporarycompromisinginattempttolaunchaviolentfight-back.

C.Defendingoneselfbymakinguseoftherival’sstrength.

D.Attackingtheobviousweaknessoftheopponent.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Rankingisseldomcountedbythepage’spopularity.

B.Relevantinformationcanbeeffectivelyandefficientlysought.

C.Itsearchesinformationprevailinginexpertsonparticulartopics.

D.ItevenoutdoesGoogle.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Developingspreadsheetswithbetterfunctions.

B.Theadditionofhumanisticconsiderationtoarithmeticrules.

C.Linkingpagesbythemes.

D.CombingtherivalsofGoogle.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段提出谷歌在搜索引擎業(yè)務(wù)的用戶有轉(zhuǎn)向使用其他搜索引擎的意愿，第二段提出谷歌擴(kuò)展業(yè)務(wù)遇到強(qiáng)勁對(duì)手，接下來(lái)三段都在講谷歌的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手具體采取的措施和谷歌競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，D選項(xiàng)“谷歌面臨激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“谷歌設(shè)法在軟件業(yè)務(wù)中奪取更多的市場(chǎng)份額”，B選項(xiàng)“谷歌的增長(zhǎng)在很大程度上威脅到了微軟這樣的公司”和C選項(xiàng)“谷歌主導(dǎo)了在線搜索市場(chǎng)”：是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。文章在第一段提出許多人因?yàn)閼T性而用谷歌，第二段第一句提出Butitdelightshim,becauseGoogle,havingmademanyenemies,mustnowfightmanybattles;andbecauseGoogle,perhapsoutofhubris,appearstobegettingdistracted.（但他很高興，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)樹敵無(wú)數(shù)，現(xiàn)在必須打許多仗；因?yàn)楣雀?，也許是狂妄自大，似乎分心了。），第二段第二句提出Thismonth,forinstance,Googleunveiledafreeonlinespreadsheetprogram（例如，本月谷歌推出了一款免費(fèi)的在線電子表格程序），列舉了谷歌在其他領(lǐng)域的業(yè)務(wù)，可知這里表示的是谷歌的業(yè)務(wù)擴(kuò)展到各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，一方面對(duì)外有很多競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者，一方面對(duì)內(nèi)可能精力不足，B選項(xiàng)“谷歌擴(kuò)展到各個(gè)領(lǐng)域”正確。A選項(xiàng)“其對(duì)手正試圖結(jié)成聯(lián)盟”，C選項(xiàng)“谷歌高估了它的技術(shù)”和D選項(xiàng)“谷歌新的在線節(jié)目吸引了更多的用戶”：文中沒(méi)有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。aikido的意思是“合氣道（以擒、摔為主的一種日本武術(shù)）”。根據(jù)第二段最后一句agoodmartial-artistcanusehisopponent’smomentumtoovercomehim,so“we’reusingsearchaikido”（一個(gè)好的武術(shù)家可以利用他的對(duì)手的勢(shì)頭來(lái)戰(zhàn)勝他，所以“我們使用搜索合氣道”），所以在這里合氣道的意思是利用對(duì)手的攻勢(shì)來(lái)反攻對(duì)方，C選項(xiàng)“利用對(duì)手的力量保護(hù)自己”正確。A選項(xiàng)“觀察雙方的力量對(duì)比”，B選項(xiàng)“為了發(fā)動(dòng)暴力反擊而做出的暫時(shí)妥協(xié)”和D選項(xiàng)“攻擊對(duì)手的明顯弱點(diǎn)”：不符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第三句Soinsteadofusingawebpage’soverallpopularitytocalculateitsranking,itfindsthepagesthataremostpopularamongexpertsonaparticularsubject,amethodthatoftenreturnsbetterresultsthanGoogle’s.（因此，它不是按照網(wǎng)頁(yè)總瀏覽量來(lái)計(jì)算排序，而是通過(guò)專家對(duì)某個(gè)題目的關(guān)注程度排序，這種方法得到的結(jié)果往往比谷歌更好。），可知完全不以網(wǎng)頁(yè)的受歡迎程度計(jì)算排名，A選項(xiàng)“排序很少以頁(yè)面的受歡迎程度來(lái)計(jì)算”不符合文章內(nèi)容，故正確；C選項(xiàng)“它搜索專家對(duì)特定主題的常關(guān)注的信息”和D選項(xiàng)“它甚至超過(guò)谷歌”符合文章內(nèi)容。根據(jù)第四段最后一句AskisasgoodasGoogleforgeneralwebsearch—butbetterthanGenieforfindingonlinemapsandimages（在一般的網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索方面，Ask和谷歌一樣好，但在搜索在線地圖和圖像方面要比Genie好），可知B選項(xiàng)“能夠有效和高效地尋找相關(guān)信息”符合文章內(nèi)容。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句ChrisShermanofSearchEngineWatchthinksthatAskisasgoodasGoogleforgeneralwebsearch—butbetterthanGenieforfindingonlinemapsandimages.（SearchEngineWatch的克里斯?謝爾曼認(rèn)為，在一般的網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索方面，Ask和谷歌一樣好，但在搜索在線地圖和圖像方面要比Genie好。）和第五段第二句Lastwinter,ittriedtobuyitselfmarketsharebynegotiatingwithAOLforamerger—oratleastanagreementunderwhichAOLwouldswitchfromGoogle’ssearchtechnologytoMSN’s（去年冬天，它試圖通過(guò)與AOL的談判來(lái)購(gòu)買自己的市場(chǎng)份額——或者至少達(dá)成一項(xiàng)協(xié)議，讓AOL從谷歌的搜索技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)向MSN的搜索技術(shù)），可知各個(gè)公司在關(guān)注谷歌競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量以及和其他公司聯(lián)合，D選項(xiàng)“觀察聯(lián)合谷歌的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手”正確。A選項(xiàng)“開發(fā)功能更好的電子表格”：不是任何一個(gè)公司的舉措。B選項(xiàng)“算術(shù)規(guī)則中增加了對(duì)于人文的考慮”：根據(jù)第三段最后一句Yahoo!is“aboutcombiningthebestofpeoplewiththebestoftechnology”（雅虎是“將最優(yōu)秀的人與最優(yōu)秀的技術(shù)結(jié)合起來(lái)”），可知這是雅虎的措施。C選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)主題鏈接頁(yè)面”：根據(jù)第四段第二句IthascomeupwithExpertRank,analgorithmthatalsorankswebpagesbyincominglinksandlinksbytheme.（Ask推出了“專家排名”算法，該算法還可以根據(jù)傳入鏈接和主題對(duì)網(wǎng)頁(yè)進(jìn)行排名。），可知這是Ask的措施。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.問(wèn)答題

TheUSadministrationhasswitchedhesitancyforpopulisminproposingsizeandactivitylimitsonAmerica'slargestbanks.Whiledetailsarestillmissing,possiblybecausenoonereallyknowshowtoimplementsizelimitsorcurbsonproprietarytrading,theintentisclear—bankersmustpay.Itishardtohavemuchsympathyforthebankers,whohavebroughtthepublic'sireonthemselvesthroughincompetenceandthenthroughanoutrageoushastetopaythemselves.Yetoutrageisapoorguidetopublicpolicy.Beyondbeingpunitive,willtheadministration'sproposalshelpreducefinancialsystemrisk?

Considersizelimitfirst.Theideaistoensureinstitutionsarenolongertoobigtofail.Buthowtodefinesize?Whetheryouuseassets,capitalorprofitstherewillbeproblems—bankswilltrytoeconomizeonwhatevermeasureislimited.Crudeassetsizelimits,forexample,wouldprobablyensurealotoffinancialactivityishiddenfromtheregulator,onlytocomebacktolight(andtobalancesheets)attheworstoftimes.Therearemanylegalwaystomasksize.Bankscanofferguaranteestoassetsplacedinoff-balancesheetvehicles,muchliketheconduitsoftherecentcrisis.If,instead,capitalisthemeasure,thenwewillbepushingbankstoeconomizeonitasmuchaspossible,hardlyarecipeforsafety.Andifitisprofits,wewillbeinvitinghealthybankstoparkprofitselsewhere,whilerewardingsicklyonesbyallowingthemtoexpandindefinitely.

Evenifwedosettleonadefinition,itisnotclearthatbeinglargeisnecessaryorsufficientforanentitytobeasystemicrisk.BearStemswouldnotbe"large"bymostcalculations,thoughitwasconsideredconnectedenoughtobesaved.ButVanguard,themutualfundgroup,managesmorethan$l,000bninassetsandwouldprobablynotqualifyassystemic.Notalllargefinancialentitiesareequallytroubling;wouldweincludethemutualfundsoperatedbyabankinitssize?

Also,beingbighasitsvirtues.Somelargerbanksarebetteratdiversifyingandattractingmanagerialtalent(includingriskmanagers).Whileapoorlymanaged$2,000bnbankcreatesimmenseproblemsforthesystem,theproblemscouldbeevengreaterwith100banksof$20bninsize,eachofwhichhastakensimilarrisks.Whatisimportantisnotsizepersebuttheconcentrationandcorrectionofriskinthesystemaswellasthesizeofexposurerelativetocapital.

Insteadofimposingablanketbanoninstitutionsgrowingbeyondacertainsize,regulatorsshouldusemoresubtlemechanismssuchasprohibitingmergersoflargebanksorencouragingthebreak-upoflargebanksthatseemtohaveapropensityforgettingintotrouble.Whiletherearealwaysconcernsaboutwhetherregulatorswillusethesesortsofpowersarbitrarily,theyarenomoredifficultforlegislatorsandcourtstooverseethanarepowersbasedonanti-competitiveconsiderations.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.HowdoesthepublicthinkofbigbanksintheUS?Why?

3.Whatisthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?

4.WhatdoestheexampleofBearStemsshow?

5.Whatdoesthephrase"largebanksthatseemtohaveapropensityforgettingintotrouble"meaninthelastparagraph?

【答案】1.ImplementingsizelimitsonAmerica’slargestbanksisnotthepropersolutiontofinancialrisk.

2.Itishardtohavemuchsympathyforthebankers,becausetheyhavebroughtthepublic'sireonthemselvesthroughincompetenceandthenthroughanoutrageoushastetopaythemselves.

3.Itisnotclearthatbeinglargeisnecessaryorsufficientforanentitytobeasystemicrisk.

4.Crudeassetsizelimits,forexample,wouldprobablyensurealotoffinancialactivityishiddenfromtheregulator,onlytocomebacktolight(andtobalancesheets)attheworstoftimes,becausetherearemanylegalwaystomasksize.

5.Largebanksaremorelikelytogetintotroubleovertheirassetsmanagement.

6.單選題

Thirty-onemillionAmericanareover60yearsofage,andtwenty-ninemillionofthemarehealthy,busy,productivecitizens.Bytheyear2030,oneineveryfivepeopleintheUnitedStateswillbeover60.Elderlypeoplearemembersofthefastest-growingminorityinthiscountry.Manycallthisthe“grayingofAmerica”.

In1973,agroupcalledthe“GrayPanthers”wasorganized.Thisgroupismadeupofyoungandoldcitizens.TheyaretryingtodealwiththespecialproblemsofgrowingoldinAmerica.TheGrayPanthersknowthatmanyelderlypeoplehavehealthproblems:somecannotwalkwell,otherscannotseeorhearwell.Somehavefinancialproblems;pricesaregoingupsofastthattheelderlycan’taffordthefood,clothing,andhousingtheyneed.Someoldpeopleareafraidandhavesafetyproblems.Othershaveemotionalproblems.Manyelderlyarelonelybecauseofthedeathofahusbandorawife.TheGrayPanthersknowanotherfact,too.Elderlypeoplewanttobeasindependentaspossible.So,theGrayPanthersarelookingforwaystosolvethespecialproblemsoftheelderly.

ThepresidentoftheGrayPanthersisMaggieKuhn,anactivewomaninherlate70s.ShetravelsacrosstheUnitedStates,educatingbothyoungandoldabouttheconcernsofelders.Oneoftheproblemsshetalksaboutiswhereandhowelderslive.ShesaysthatAmericansdonotencourageelderstolivewithyoungerpeople.AsfarasMaggieKuhnisconcerned,onlyelderswhoneedconstantmedicalcareshouldbeinnursinghomes.

MaggieKuhnknowsthateldersneededucation,too.ShespendslotsoftimetalkingtogroupsofolderAmericans.Sheencouragesthemtocontinuetoliveintheirownhousesifitispossible.Shealsotellsthemthatitisimportanttolivewithyoungerpeopleandtohavechildrenaroundthem.Thishelpselderstostayyoungatheart.

1.Whathealthproblemsdomanyelderlyhave?

2.Nursinghomes（）.

3.MaggieKuhntravelsacrosstheUnitedStatesinorderto（）elders.

4.OneoftheproblemsMaggieKuhntalksaboutis（）.

5.MaggieKuhnencourageseldersto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfeellonely.

B.Theyaresufferingfromcancer.

C.Theycannotwalkorseeorhearwell.

D.Theyhavegotheartproblems.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.aregoodforelderswhoneedconstantmedicalcare

B.helpkeepeldersyoung

C.aresetupfortrainingnurses

D.areplaceswheresmallchildrenaretakencareof

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.collectmoneyfor

B.showconcernsfor

C.findhousesfor

D.educatepeopletohelp

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.whyeldersshouldbetakencareof

B.whereandhowelderslive

C.whoneedsmedicalcare

D.howtoimproveeducationintheUSA

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.liveinnursinghomes

B.travelmore

C.livewithyoungerpeople

D.dosomehousework

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第四句“manyelderlypeoplehavehealthproblems:somecannotwalkwell,otherscannotseeorhearwell.”選項(xiàng)C與原文表述一致，正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Nursinghomes”定位到第三段最后一句“onlyelderswhoneedconstantmedicalcareshouldbeinnursinghomes.”只有需要不斷的醫(yī)療護(hù)理的老年人才應(yīng)該住進(jìn)養(yǎng)老院。也就是說(shuō)，養(yǎng)老院對(duì)需要持續(xù)醫(yī)療護(hù)理的老年人有益。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“ShetravelsacrosstheUnitedStates,educatingbothyoungandoldabouttheconcernsofelders.”她走遍美國(guó)，教育年輕人和老年人關(guān)注老年人的問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Oneoftheproblemsshetalksaboutiswhereandhowelderslive.”選項(xiàng)B與原文表述一致，正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的三四句，MaggieKuhn鼓勵(lì)老人繼續(xù)住在自己的房子里，和年輕人生活在一起，有孩子在身邊是很重要的。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

7.單選題

Ithadbeenanabominableafternoon,(

)ataboutSixO'clockinherfather'ssuddencollapseintosub-consciousness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pitching

B.rising

C.soaring

D.culminating

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。pitch“投擲”；rise“上升”；soar“猛增”；culminate“達(dá)到頂點(diǎn)”。句意：那是一個(gè)糟糕的下午，大約六點(diǎn)鐘她的父親突然陷入昏迷。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

Cometsarestillregardedwithawebysomepeople.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wonder

B.concern

C.resentment

D.detachment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。awe意為“敬畏，驚嘆”；wonder意為“驚異，驚嘆”；concern意為“涉及，關(guān)系到”；resentment意為“憤恨，不滿”；detachment意為“超然，公正，獨(dú)立”。

句意：一些人仍然敬畏彗星。

9.單選題

DoyouknowTim’sbrother?Heis（）thanTim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.muchmoresportsman

B.moreofasportsman

C.moreofsportsman

D.moreasportsman

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞的程度比較。對(duì)于一些可顯示程度的名詞，把帶of的數(shù)量詞放在其前面可以表示程度的修飾，且這種結(jié)構(gòu)只能與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，名詞前要加不定冠詞。moreofasportsmanthanTim表示他比蒂姆更愛好運(yùn)動(dòng)，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

John’soutstandingperformanceinthecompetitionprovedthathewasa______winner.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.worthwhile

B.worthy

C.worth

D.worthless

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.worthwhile重要的，值得的B.worthy值得的，值得尊敬、注意的

C.worth值……的D.worthless無(wú)價(jià)值的，不值錢的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】由outstandingperformance（出色表現(xiàn)）和prove（證明）可知，a______winner中的空格應(yīng)該表示“值得的”。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)表示值得花時(shí)間、金錢、努力等，不符合句意；

C項(xiàng)只用作表語(yǔ)，不用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)；

D選項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】約翰在比賽中的出色表現(xiàn)證明他是當(dāng)之無(wú)愧的勝利者。

11.單選題

Cosmicraysofvariouskindscomethroughtheairfromouterspace,butenormousquantitiesofradiationfromthesunare（）off.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.avoided

B.excluded

C.separated

D.screened

【答案】D

【解析】近義詞詞義辨析。avoid“避免,躲避”;excluded“排除,驅(qū)逐”;separated“分開,隔開”;screen“篩,過(guò)濾,屏蔽”。句意:來(lái)自外太空的各種宇宙射線透過(guò)大氣層到達(dá)地球,但是太陽(yáng)所發(fā)出的大量輻射都被過(guò)濾掉了。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

12.問(wèn)答題

Manyoftoday'syoungpeoplehaveadifficulttimeseeinganymoraldimensiontotheiractions.Thereareanumberofreasonswhythat'strue,butnonemoreprominentthanafailedsystemofeducationthateschewsteachingchildrenthetraditionalmoralvaluesthatbindAmericanstogetherasasocietyandaculture.Thatfailedapproach,called"decision-making",wasintroducedinschools25yearsago.Ittellschildrentodecideforthemselveswhatisrightandwhatiswrong.Itreplaced"charactereducation".Charactereducationdidn'taskchildrentoreinventthemoralwheel;instead,itencouragedthemtopracticehabitsofcourage,justiceandself-control.

Inthe1940s,whenacharactereducationapproachprevailed,teachersworriedaboutstudentschewinggum;todaytheyworryaboutrobberyandrape.Decision-makingcurriculumsposethornyethicaldilemmastostudents,leavingthemwiththeimpressionthatallmoralityisproblematicandthatallquestionsofrightandwrongareindispute.Youngstersareforcedtoquestionvaluesandvirtuesthey'veneveracquiredinthefirstplaceoruponwhichtheyhaveonlyatenuoushold.Theassumptionbehindthismethodisthatstudentswillarriveatgoodmoralconclusionsifonlytheyaregiventhechance.Buttheactualresultismoralconfusion.

Forexample,arecentnationalstudyof1,700sixth-toninth-gradersrevealedthatamajorityofboysconsideredrapetobeacceptableundercertainconditions.Astoundingly,manyofthegirlsagreed.

Thiskindofmoralilliteracyisfurtherencouragedbyvalues-educationprogramsthatarelittlemorethancoursesinself-esteem.Theseprogramsarebasedonthequestionableassumptionthatachildwhofeelsgoodabouthimselforherselfwon'twanttodoanythingwrong.Butitisjustasreasonabletomakeanoppositeassumption:namely,thatachildwhohasuncriticalself-regardwillconcludethatheorshecan'tdoanythingbad.

Suchnaiveself-acceptanceresultsinlargepartfromthenon-directive,non-judgmentalas-long-as-you-feel-comfortable-with-your-choicesmentalitythathaspervadedpubliceducationforthelasttwoandone-halfdecades.Manyoftoday'sdrugeducation,sexeducationandvalues-educationcoursesarebasedonthesame1960sphilosophythathelpedfueltheexplosioninteendruguseandsexualactivityinthefirstplace.

Meanwhile,whileeducatorsarestillfiddlingwithoutdated"feel-good"approaches,NewYork,Washington,andLosAngelesareburning.Youngstersareleavingschoolbelievingthatmattersofrightandwrongarealwaysmerelysubjective.Ifyoupassastrangeronthestreetanddecidetomurderhimbecauseyouneedmoney一ifitfeelsright一yougowiththatfeeling.Clearly,murderisnottaughtinourschools,butsuchaconclusion―justaboutanyconclusion—canbereachedandjustifiedusingthedecision-makingmethod.

Itistimetoconsignthefadsof"decision-making"and"non-judgmentalism"totheashheapoffailedpolicies,andreturntoaprovedmethod.Charactereducationprovidesamuchmorerealisticapproachtomoralformation.Itisbuiltonanunderstandingthatwelearnmoralitynotbydebatingitbutbypracticingit.

【答案】InhisessayChildrenMustBeTaughttoTellRightfromWrong",WilliamKilpatrickarguesthatthe"decision-making"approachtothemoraleducationofAmericanyouth,whichreplaced"charactereducation"25yearsago,haspreventedjuvenilesfrombehavingandthinkinginaccordancewiththetraditionalmoralprinciplesthatarefundamentaltoAmericansociety.

AccordingtoKilpatrick,decision-makingmethodsinstillinstudentsawrongbeliefthatallnormsofmoralityaresubjectiveconstructswithonlyrelativetruthinthemandthereforecanbeinterpretedflexiblyandevenquestioned.Thisbeliefdeprivesthemofthechancetosecuresolidmoralstandardsandcausesmisconceptionsaboutwhatshouldbeclearlyrightorwrong.

Inparallelwiththisinadequacyofthe"decision-making"approacharetheunexpectedoutcomesofthosevalues-educationprogramsfocusingonstudents,self-esteemthatsupportsthe"non-judgmental"mindsetdominating"decision-making"curriculums.Theirmistakenassumptionthatfeelinggoodwarrantsmoralityexcusesstudentsfromcriticizinganddiscipliningtheirownbehaviors.

Basinghisconclusiononhisanalysisofthefundamentalflawsofthedecision-makingapproach,Kilpatrickfinallyproposesanimmediateshiftbacktocharactereducationwhichhebelievesteachesmoralitymoreeffectivelybyemphasizingpracticeinsteadofdiscussion.

13.單選題

Spiesmayhaveanumberof______namesandpapers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.artificial

B.synthetic

C.false

D.pretended

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)artificial“（力求自然）人造的”，anartificiallimb“假肢”；B選項(xiàng)synthetic“（用化學(xué)物質(zhì)人工）合成的”，syntheticdrugs“合成藥物”；C選項(xiàng)false“偽造的”，afalsepassport“假護(hù)照”；D選項(xiàng)pretended“假裝的”。句意：間諜可能有許多______的名字和文件。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，間諜為了假冒身份，有許多false“偽造的”文件。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Thisalbumis______asitwastheonlyoneeversignedbythePresident.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unusual

B.unique

C.rare

D.singular

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)unusual“不同尋常的”，B項(xiàng)unique“獨(dú)特的，獨(dú)一無(wú)二的”，C項(xiàng)rare“稀有的，半熟的”，D項(xiàng)singular“單數(shù)的，單一的”。根據(jù)句子theonlyoneeversignedbythePresident“唯一一個(gè)有總統(tǒng)簽名的”可知，B項(xiàng)最符合語(yǔ)境。句意：這張專輯是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的，因?yàn)樗俏ㄒ灰粡堄锌偨y(tǒng)簽名的專輯。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Hiltercommittedoneofthemost（）crimesinhistory.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.violent

B.venturous

C.vicious

D.virus

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。violent“暴力的，猛烈的”；venturous“不顧一切的，好冒險(xiǎn)的”；vicious“惡毒的，惡意的，兇殘的”；virus“病毒”。句意：Hilter犯下了歷史上最暴力的行徑之一。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

北京奧組委(TheBeijingOrganizingCommitteefortheGamesoftheXXIXOlympiad)官方網(wǎng)站訊：2007年6月23日，在八達(dá)嶺長(zhǎng)城舉辦的“第四屆2008北京奧林匹克文化節(jié)”開幕式上，所有觀眾的目光都被長(zhǎng)城上的新標(biāo)識(shí)所吸引一一在綠樹環(huán)繞下，一個(gè)令所有中國(guó)人興奮的口號(hào)映襯著的長(zhǎng)城遒勁而古老的線體。這就是一座長(zhǎng)67米，高18米的“同一個(gè)世界同一個(gè)夢(mèng)想(OneWorldOneDream)”北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)會(huì)徽(Emblem)和北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)主題口號(hào)大型景觀建筑。在今后的兩年多的時(shí)間里，每當(dāng)人們抬頭仰望長(zhǎng)城巍峨的身姿就會(huì)知道，奧運(yùn)和中國(guó)有著怎樣的無(wú)法割舍的淵源。

【答案】TheBeijingOrganizingCommitteefortheGamesoftheXXIXOlympiadOfficialWebsiteNews:AttheopeningceremonyoftheFourth2008BeijingOlympicCulturalFestival,heldontheBadalingGreatWallonJune23,2007,allaudiencesareattractedtothenewlogoontheGreatWall.Surroundedbygreentrees,thislogoshowspowerfulandantiquelineoftheGreatWallwithanexcitingslogantoallChinesepeople.Thatisalargelandscapearchitecture,67meterslengthand18metershigh,ofBeijingOlympicGamesemblemengravingcharacterswith“OneWorldOneDream”andBeijingOlympicGamesthemeslogan.Overthenextmorethantwoyears,peoplewilllearnaboutthedeepandcloserelationshipbetweenOlympicGamesandChinawhenevertheylookupattoweringfigureoftheGreatWall.

17.填空題

THEIRONBRIDGE

TheIronBridgewasthefirstofaskindinEuropeandisuniversallyrecognizedasasymboloftheIndustrialRevolution.

A:TheIronBridgecrossestheRiverSeverninCoalbrookdale,inthewestofEngland.Itwasthefirstcast-ironbridgetobesuccessfullyerected,andthefirstlargecast-ironstructureoftheindustrialageinEurope,althoughtheChinesewereexpertiron-castersmanycenturiesearlier.

B:Riversusedtotheequivalentoftoday’smotorways,inthattheywereextensivelyusedfortransportation.TheRiverSevern,whichstartsitslifeontheWelshmountainsandeventuallyenterstheseabetweenCardiffandBristol,isthelongestnavigableriverinBritain.Itwasidealfortransportationpurpose,andspecialboatswerebuilttonavigatethewaters.Bythemiddleoftheeighteenthcentury,theSevernwasoneofthebusiestriversinEurope.Localgoods,includingcoal,ironproducts,wool,grainandcider,weresentbyriver.Amongthegoodscomingupstreamwereluxuriessuchassugar,tea,coffeeandwine.Inplaces,theriverbankswerelinedwithwharvesandtheriverwasoftencrowdedwithboatsloadingorunloading.

C:In1638,BasilBrookepatentedasteel-makingprocessandbuiltafurnaceatCoalbrookdale.ThislaterbecamethepropertyofAbrahamDarby(referredtoasAbrahamDarbyItodistinguishhimfromhissonandgrandsonofthesamename.)AfterservinganapprenticeshipinBirmingham,DarbyhadstartedabusinessinBristol,buthemovedtoCoalbrookdalein1710withanideathatcokederivedfromcoalcouldprovideamoreeconomicalalternativetocharcoalasafuelforironmaking.Thisledtocheaper,moreefficientironmakingfromtheabundantsuppliesofcoal,ironandlimestoneinthearea.

D:Hisson,AbrahamDarbyII,pioneeredthemanufactureofcastiron,andhadtheideaofbuildingabridgeovertheSevern,asferryingstoresofallkindsacrosstheriver,particularlythelargequantitiesoffuelforthefurnacesatCoalbrookdaleandothersurroundingironworks,involvedconsiderableexpenseanddelay.However,itwashissonAbrahamDarbyIII(bornin1750)who,in1775,organizedameetingtoplanthebuildingofabridge.Thiswasdesignedbyalocalarchitect,ThomasPritchard,whohadtheideaofconstructingitofiron.

E:Sectionswerecastduringthewinterof1778-9fora7-metre-widebridgewithaspanof31metres,12metresabovetheriver.Constructiontookthreemonthsduringthesummerof1779,andremarkably,nobodywasinjuredduringtheconstructionprocess-afeatalmostunheardofeveninmodernmajorcivilengineeringprojects.Workontheapproachroadscontinuedforanothertwoyears,andthebridgewasopenedtotrafficin1781AbrahamDarbyⅢfundedthebridgebycommissioningpaintingsandengravings,buthelostalotontheproject,whichhadcostnearlydoubletheestimate,andhediedleavingmassivelargerdebtsin1789,agedonly39.Thedistrictdidn