考研考博-英語-中央財經(jīng)大學考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中央財經(jīng)大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Lindawas（

）theexperimentamonthago,butshechangedhermindatthelastminute.

問題1選項

A.tostart

B.tohavestarted

C.tobestarting

D.tohavebeenstarting

【答案】B

【解析】考查時態(tài)。wasto表示將來過去時，havedone表示本來要做而沒有做，根據(jù)句意選B。

句意：Linda本來在一個月前要做實驗的，但她最后改變了主意。

2.單選題

Congressdelegateswaited___forthecongratulatorytelegramfromMoscowwhenthenewpartywasformed.

問題1選項

A.interms

B.inthelongrun

C.inview

D.invain

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組。A選項interms“明確地；毫不含糊地；焦急地”；B選項inthelongrun“長遠；終究”；C選項inview“在視野范圍內(nèi)；在考慮中的；作為目標”；D選項invain“徒然；無效”。句意：當新政黨成立時，國會代表們焦急地等待來自莫斯科的賀電。結合句意，判斷出選項A為正確答案。

3.單選題

AsGermansocialtheoristHabermas’LegitimationCrisisexplained,onceaprocessgovernedinformallyisregulatedbythestate,itthrowsintoquestionallotherinformalprocessesconnectedwiththeoriginalprocess.Regulationsbegetregulations.

問題1選項

A.bringabout

B.resultfrom

C.endupin

D.takeover

【答案】A

【解析】句意：正如德國社會理論家Habermas的《合法化危機》所解釋的那樣，一旦一個非正式治理的過程受到國家的監(jiān)管，它就會對所有其他與原始過程相關的非正式過程提出質疑。規(guī)則……規(guī)則。由“國家對一項監(jiān)管”引向“對其他項的質疑”，說明后者是由前者引起的。A選項bringabout“引起；導致”；B選項resultfrom“起因于；由于”；C選項endupin“結束”；D選項takeover“接管；接收”。因此A選項符合題意。

4.單選題

toacclaimAasX:topraiseApubliclyandenthusiasticallyasX.

ananatomist:amedicalscientistwhocutsopendeadbodiestostudythemtocommissionX:toorderX(tobemadeorobtained)acorpse:adeadbodytodisinter:tounburygynecology:themedicalfielddealingwithwomen’sdiseasesahenchman:asupporterorassistantwillingtouseviolenceorcriminalmeansleukemia:bloodcancerlucrativeprofitableamidwife:apersontrainedtohelpwomengivebirth

obese:veryfatobstetrics:themedicalfieldthatdealswithpregnancyandthedeliveryofbabiespajamas:lightclothesforsleepinginapar:alevelapoorhouse:(historical)apublicshelterinwhichjoblesspoorpeoplewerefedinexchangeforworkapractitioner:someoneworksactivelyin(aprofession)proximity:nearnessaserialkiller:someonewhomurderanumberofpeopleinseparateincidentsSherlockHolmes:themostfamousdetectiveinEnglishliteratureaspree:aperiodofwildactivityunsavoury:dishonest,untrustworthyandprobablyinvolvedincrime

1.WilliamhunterandWilliamSmelliecommissionedaregularsupplyofcorpsessotheycouldstudythephysicaleffectsofpregnancy,arguesrespectedhistorianDonShelton.Thesemenaregiantsofmedicine,pioneersofthecarethatwomenreceiveduringchildbirthandwerethefoundingfathersofobstetrics.ThenamesofWilliamhunterandWilliamSmelliestillinspirerespectamongtoday’sdoctors,morethan250yearsaftertheymadetheircontributionstohealthcare,Suchweretheduo’sreputationsasoutstandingphysicianstheclientelesoftheirprivatepracticesincludedtherichandfamousofmid-18th-centruyLondon.

2.Butweretheyalsoserialkillers?NewresearchpublishedintheJOURNALOFTHERoyalSocietyofMedicine(JRSM)claimsthattheywere.Adetailedhistoricalstudyaccusesthedoctorsofarrangingforthekillingofdozensofwomen,manyinthelaterstagesofpregnancy,todissecttheircorpses.“SmellieandHunterwereresponsibleforaseriesof18th^-century‘burking’murdersofpregnantwomen,withadeathtotalgreaterthanthecombinedmurderscommittedbyBurkeandHareandJacktheRipper”writesShelton.(“Burking”involvedmurderingpeopletoorder,usuallyformedicalresearch;toavoidtroublewiththelaw,itwasimportanttokillthevictimsinsuchawaythattheyseemedtohavediedofnaturalcauses.Theverb“toburke”isderivedfromthenameofWilliamBurke,anIrishmanconvictedinEndinburghin1829ofkillingpeoplesohecouldselltheirbodiesformedicalexperiments.)

3.AccordingtoShelton,HunterandSmelliewerebetweenthemresponsibleforthemurdersof-40pregnantwomenandtheirunbornchildren.Actingseparately,andusinghenchmentodeliver.Theirsupply,theyorganizedakillingspreeinLondonbetween1749and1755and,afteraperiodofinactivityenforcedbymountingsuspicionaboutthesourceofheircorpses,resumedbetween1764and1774.Motivatedbyego,personalrivalryandashareddesiretobenefitfrombeingacclaimedastheforemostchildbirthdoctorsoftheirtime,HunterandSmelliesacrificedlifeafterlifeintheirqueststostudypregnancy’sphysicaleffectsandtodevelopnewtechniques,theauthorsays.“Althoughitsoundsabsolutelyincredible,thecircumstantialliteraryevidencesuggeststheyweremostlikelycompetingwitheachotherinexperimentingwithsecretcaesareansectionsonconscious,orfreshlymurdered,victims,withaviewtoextractingandrevivingthebabies,”SheltontoldtheObserver.”

4.Sheltonexaminedthemen’sanatomicalatlases,containingdetailedimagesof

pregnantwomenwhohadbeenopenedup,andmedicalliteratureandthecausesofdeathinLondonatthetime.Glasgow’sHunterianmuseumandgalleryisnamedafterScottish-bornHunter,whoin1762becamephysiciantoQueenCharlotte,wifeofGeorgeIII,HehelpedhertodeliverthefuturekingGeorgeIV,Smellie,afellowScot,isnolessdistinguished,FromWitchcrafttoWisdom,atextbookonthehistoryofobstetricandgynaecologicalmedicine,hailshimas“thegreatestobstetricianinthehistoryofBritishobstetrics”.Hehasalsobeencalled“thefatherofBritishmidwifery”.

5.Shelton,though,regardstheduoasonaparwithBurkeandHare,whomurdered17citizensofEdinburghin1827and1828,sellingtheirremainstoalocalanatomist,TheLondonofHunterandSmellie’stimewasunhealthyandsemi-anarchic,andearlydeathfromdiseasewaswidespread,aswasgraverobbing.InhisJRSMpaper,Sheltonclaimstoprovethattherivaldoctorscouldnothaveobtainedtheirsupplyofcorpsesbyanyothermeansthanmurder.ItwasrareforMothers-to-betodieorbemurderedsoonbeforetheywereduetogivebirth,saysthehistorian,Peoplefrompoorhouseswhodiedwereusuallyold,unwellorchildren,Thusthegraverobbersofthetimecouldnothavefulfilledtheobstetricians’needforsuchaspecifictypeoffemale,ConcludesShelton.

6.Eachusedanassistanttocommissionkillers,hesays,namingDrColinMackenzieasSmellie’saccompliceandJohnHunter-William’sbrother,whowasacelebratedanatomist—ashishelper.Youngwomenfromthecountrysidewereapparentlyfavouritetargetsinacitywhereplentyofpeople“disappeared”.“Thereisgreatsuspicionabouttheabundanceofundeliveredninth—monthcorpsesprocured,dissectedanddepictedintheanatomicalatlasesofSmellieandHunter,”writesShelton.“Theimpossibilityofsupplyfromrandomresurrections,takenwithacarefulanalysisofevents,andof18dl-centurymedicalliterature,showscompellingevidenceforburking,”By1755rumourswerecirculatingthatthewomeninSmellie’sjournalhadbeenmurdered,andassociatesbeganpressinghimontheirorigins.“AsaresultSmellieandHunterbothhaltedtheirresearch,bothpresumablyfearingtrialandexecution,”althoughHunter—whousedhislinkstopowerfulfamiliestoensurenoinvestigationwaseverundertaken—resumedorderingmurders,aboutonceayear,in1764,Sheltonadds.

7.AnthonyKenny,agynaecologistinLondonfor40yearsuntilhisretirementin2007,said:“Thesetwoguysaremyheroes.Theideathattheycouldhavebeeninvolvedinthemurderofsubjectsisabsolutelystaggering.”KennyisnowthecuratorofthemuseumoftheRoyalCollegeofObstetriciansandGynaecologists.“Theywerethefirstproperobstetriciansinthecountrybecauseoftheirpioneeringworkpracticingwhatwasthenstillanewbranchofmedicine.”WhileKennydescribesShelton’spaperas“extremelyimpressive”initsresearch,hecannotbelievethathisheroeswereguiltyofsuchterriblecrimes.Thetradeincorpseswasverylucrativeandprobablyattractedunsavoury,unscrupulouscharacters,hepointedout.”Anditcouldbethattheydidn’tmakeproperinquiriesastotheoriginsofthebodies,andsomaynothaveknownthatthewomenweremurdered.

8.LudmillaJordanova,aprofessorofmodemhistoryatKing’sCollegeLondonwhospecializesinthehistoryofmedicine,saysShelton’sassertionthatHunterandSmelliecouldnothavecomeacrosssomanydeadpregnantwomenfromanyothersourceas“astrikingclaim,importantresearch...isrevealingthecomplexitiesofanatomicalactivitiesin18th—centuryLondon.Thisisanexcitingandcontroversialareaofhistoricalinvestigation.”WhileSheltonacknowledgesthattheideaofpioneeringmedicalresearchersresortingtoburkingisshocking.HelikestoquoteSherlockHolmes,“Whenyouhaveeliminatedtheimpossible,whateverremains,howeverimprobable,isthetruth.”

1.Accordingtotheinformationinparagraph2,WilliamBurke（

）

2.AccordingtoDonShelton,pregnantwomenin18thcenturyLondon（

）,

3.ThestrongestsupportforShelton’sthesiscomesfrom（

）.

4.Inparagraph6,thewordapparentlymeans（

）.

5.WhatSheltonwritesaboutthepioneeringgynecologistsHunterand

Smellie（

）.

問題1選項

A.wasahenchmanofHunterandSmellie

B.gavehisnametothepracticeofkillingpeoplewithoutleavinganysignsofmurder

C.isbelievedtohavekilledpeopleforhisownmedicalresearch

D.mademoneybykillingpeopletoprovidebodiesformedicalresearch

問題2選項

A.Generallywerenotverylikelytodieinthelastmonthofpregnancy

B.Seldomdiedsoonaftergivingbirth

C.wereaverysmallpartoftheoverallurbanpopulation

D.werequitenumerousinitsmanypoorhouses

問題3選項

A.thetestimonyofcontemporaryeyewitnesses

B.statisticsandprobability

C.policerecordsofthetime

D.literaryreportsoftheabundantviolenceandcrimein18thcenturyLondon

問題4選項

A.itisobviousthat

B.thereisnodoubtthat

C.itappearsthat

D.somepeopleassertthat

問題5選項

A.seemsquitepersuasivetoAnthonyKenny

B.appallsandhorrifiesAnthonyKenny

C.clearsthem,inAnthonyKenny’sopinion,ofanyguiltorblame.

D.SeemscompletelygroundlesstoAnthonyKenny

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。第二段對WilliamBurke進行了解釋:anIrishmanconvictedinEndinburghin1829ofkillingpeoplesohecouldselltheirbodiesformedicalexperiments(愛爾蘭人,1829年在恩丁堡被判殺人罪--出售尸體進行醫(yī)學實驗)。故選D。

2.細節(jié)事實題。第五段指出:ItwasrareforMothers-to-betodieorbemurderedsoonbeforetheywereduetogivebirth,saysthehistorian,Peoplefrompoorhouseswhodiedwereusuallyold,unwellorchildren(這位歷史學家說，母親在臨產(chǎn)前不久死亡或被謀殺是很罕見的，來自貧民區(qū)的人通常都是老人、不舒服或孩子)。故選A。

3.推理判斷題。文章多出提到Shelton’s的理論來源。第二段提到JOURNALOFTHERoyalSocietyofMedicine(皇家醫(yī)學會雜志),后面又提到medicalliterature(醫(yī)學文獻)。故選D:18世紀倫敦大量暴力和犯罪的文學報道。

4.詞義題。此處句意為:在一個很多人都“消失”了的城市里，來自農(nóng)村的年輕婦女顯然是最受歡迎的目標。

5.推理判斷題。第七段:Theideathattheycouldhavebeeninvolvedinthemurderofsubjectsisabsolutelystaggering(他們可能參與了謀殺目標的說法絕對令人震驚),后面也表達了他們難以置信的態(tài)度。故選B。

5.單選題

Althoughhehadbeengivenseveraltraffictickets,thedriver（）thathehadnotbeenresponsibleforasingleaccident.

問題1選項

A.defended

B.acknowledged

C.inferred

D.contended

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。defend辯護；acknowledged承認，確認；inferred推測；contended主張，為…競爭。句意：盡管他收到了幾張交通罰單，但司機辯護稱他對這幾起交通事故都沒有責任。由Although可知前后兩句是讓步關系。雖然該司機收到幾張罰單，但他辯護….故A項符合句意。

6.單選題

Althoughsports（

）thehousehold,Joedrewthelinewhentheyinterferedwithfamilytraditionsaroutine.

問題1選項

A.overwhelmed

B.affected

C.dominated

D.influenced

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。overwhelm淹沒，壓垮；affected影響；dominate控制，在…中占主要地位；influenced影響。句意：盡管運動對家庭有決定性影響，Joe認為當體育運動擾亂了家庭傳統(tǒng)與日常生活時，應該拒絕運動。由although可推知前后性質相反，后半句提到了“interferedwith…干擾…”是屬于不利的一面，故前半句應為好的一面。故C項正確。

7.單選題

Glaeser________hisinterestinurbanareasdirectlytohisyouthinNewYorkCity,whereheliveduntilhewenttocollegeatage17.

問題1選項

A.attributed

B.conducted

C.devoted

D.contributed

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.attributed歸因于，歸功于B.conducted實施，執(zhí)行

C.devoted獻身，致力D.contributed貢獻，捐贈

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和下文的“hisinterestinurbanareas（他對城市地區(qū)的興趣）”構成動賓邏輯，表示格萊澤怎么樣這份興趣，空格處還需要能夠和下文的to進行搭配。由后半句句意“他在那里一直生活到（liveduntil）17歲上大學”可知，因為他的青年時代一直都生活在紐約這樣的大城市，所以他會對城市地區(qū)感興趣，換言之，他對城市地區(qū)有興趣的原因是在紐約生活的經(jīng)歷。attributesth.tosth.是固定搭配，意為“把……歸因于……”，指認為某事物是另一事物的結果，因此A選項attributed“歸因于，歸功于”最符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

B選項conducted“實施，執(zhí)行”指組織或進行特定的活動，不能和“interest（興趣）”進行搭配；

C選項devoted“獻身，致力”，devoteoneselftosb./sth.指把大部分時間、精力等投入到某人或某物中，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

D選項contributed“貢獻，捐贈”，contributesth.tosth.指贈予錢或物品以幫助某人，不符合題干的語義邏輯。

【句意】格萊澤將他對城市地區(qū)的興趣直接歸功于他在紐約的青年時代，他在那里一直生活到17歲上大學。

8.單選題

Herheartwasfilledwithcompassionforthemotherlesschildren.

問題1選項

A.sympathy

B.regret

C.wistfulness

D.sorrow

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項sympathy“同情，憐憫，同情心”；B選項regret“后悔，歉意”；C選項wistfulness“渴望，傷感，沉思”；D選項sorrow“悲傷，哀傷，痛苦”。句意：她對那些沒有母親的孩子充滿同情。Compassion“憐憫，同情，同情心”，A選項的意思與該單詞最相近，因此A選項正確。

9.單選題

Thelawyeradvisedhimtodropthe（

）,sincehestandslittlechancetowin.

問題1選項

A.event

B.incident

C.case

D.affair

【答案】C

【解析】同義詞辨析題。和上一題一樣，四個詞是近義詞，根據(jù)句意：律師勸他放棄這個案子，因為他贏的機會很小。由此可知，這里指的是案件，所以選項C更恰當。

10.單選題

______wassheinLondonthansherangupheroldfriendJane.

問題1選項

A.Nosooner

B.Assoon

C.Onlywhen

D.Rarelywhen

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。Nosooner…than…為固定用法，表示“一……就……”，故A項符合題意。B項assoon和as搭配，表示“一……就……”；C項后面接句子，表示“只有當……”；D選項沒有這個用法。句意：她一到倫敦就給她的好朋友簡打電話。故正確答案為A。

11.單選題

Thebuildingcollapsedbecauseitsfoundationwasnotstrongenoughto（）theweightofthebuilding.

問題1選項

A.idealize

B.subside

C.initiate

D.sustain

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。idealize“理想化”;subside“平息,減弱”;initiate“開始,創(chuàng)始,發(fā)起”;sustain“維持,支撐,承擔”。句意:大樓倒塌了,因為地基不夠堅固,承受不了大樓的重量。選項D符合句意。

12.單選題

Corporationsasagroupofferavarietyofjobs.Mostlargecompaniessendpeopletocollegestocollegestointerviewgraduatingstudentswiththerequiredacademictraining.Alargeuniversitymayhavemorethan500companiesayearknockingonitsdoors.Bigfirmsareyourbestplaceforajobbecausetheirnormalgrowth,employeeretirements,andturnovercreatethousandsofjobsnationwideeachyear.

Corporations,however,illustratetherulethatthebiggestisn’talwaysthebest.Manysmallfirmswithjustafewhundredemployeeshavepositionsthatmaycorrespondwithyourprofessiongoals,too.Suchfirmsmaynothavethetime,money,orneedtosendpeoplearoundtoyourcollege;you’llprobablyhavetocontactthemyourselfeitherdirectlyorthroughanemploymentagency.Don’tignoretheselittlecompanies.Theirsalariesareusuallycompetitiveandthechancesforadvancementandrecognitionevenstrongerthanthoseofabigfirm.Youcouldbecomeabigfishinasmallpond,reachingahigh-levelpositionmorequicklythanyouwouldifyouhadclimbedthemostcompetitiveladderofacorporategiant.

Forexample,asmallcompanymayneedabrightengineering,accountingormanagementgraduatewhowouldreportdirectlytotheseniorvice-presidentofengineering,thecompanycontroller,orthegeneralmanager.Inlargerfirmsitmaytakeyearstoreachlevelandaccumulatesimilarin-depthexperience.Inaddition,responsibilitiesmaycomefasterinasmallfirmwithlessspecializationandfewerlower-levelemployeestoreceivedelegatedauthority.

1.Thepurposeofthepassageis（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEoflargecorporations?

3.Theword“Their”(paragraph2,line6)refersto（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofsmallfirm?

5.Withwhomisthepassagemostprobablyconcerned?

問題1選項

A.todefinecorporationsandfirms

B.toshowtherelationbetweenfirmsandcolleges

C.toinformthejob-seekeroftheemploymentrequirements

D.togiveadescriptionofcorporationsforcollegestudents

問題2選項

A.Theyonlyemploycollegegraduates.

B.Theycanoffermanyjobopportunities.

C.Theyhavemanysub-companiesnationwide.

D.Theirrequirementsareverycompetitive.

問題3選項

A.corporations’

B.graduatingstudents’

C.smallfirms’

D.employers’

問題4選項

A.Itmaybeunnecessaryforthemtosendpeopletocolleges.

B.Theiremployeesmaybepromotedmorequickly.

C.Theymayofferpositionswhichyoudemand.

D.Theycannotaffordtosendpeopletocollege.

問題5選項

A.Students

B.Employers

C.Employees

D.Engineers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文開篇為我們介紹corporations的一些特點：corporations提供各種類型的工作；平均每年有超過500家corporations會派面試人員去高校找尋合適的高校畢業(yè)人才；大公司有相對完善的職工培訓和退休機制，每年的年產(chǎn)值能創(chuàng)造出上千個工作崗位。接下來說明大企業(yè)也有一些缺陷，這些缺陷正是小公司的優(yōu)勢所在，為此作者還詳細說明了這些優(yōu)勢的具體表現(xiàn)。文章最后舉例說明與大企業(yè)相比較，小公司對畢業(yè)生而言的優(yōu)勢。本文通過比較論證讓我們更加清楚什么是corporation。A選項“定義corporations和firms”；B選項“展示公司和大學之間的關系”；C選項“告知求職者有關的就業(yè)要求”都不符合題意，D選項“為大學生描述公司”正確，因此D選項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可定位到文章第一段“Bigfirmsareyourbestplaceforajobbecausetheirnormalgrowth,employeeretirements,andturnovercreatethousandsofjobsnationwideeachyear.（大公司是最適合工作的地方，因為它們的正常增長、員工退休和人員流動每年在全國范圍內(nèi)創(chuàng)造了成千上萬的工作機會。）”可知大企業(yè)工作機會很多。A選項“他們只雇傭大學畢業(yè)生”說法錯誤；B選項“他們可以提供很多工作機會”正確；C選項“他們在全國有很多子公司”和D選項“他們的職位需求很有競爭力”文中沒有提到。因此B選項正確。

3.語義推測題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段第五句話“Theirsalariesareusuallycompetitiveandthechancesforadvancementandrecognitionevenstrongerthanthoseofabigfirm.（他們的薪水通常很有競爭力，晉升和認可的機會甚至比大公司還要大。）”。由此可知這里是拿大公司的薪水與小公司的薪水相比。A選項“公司的”；B選項“畢業(yè)生的”；D選項“老板的”都不符合題意，C選項“小公司的”符合題意，因此C選項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可定位到文章第二段最后一句“Youcouldbecomeabigfishinasmallpond,reachingahigh-levelpositionmorequicklythanyouwouldifyouhadclimbedthemostcompetitiveladderofacorporategiant.（你可以成為一個小池塘里的大魚，比你爬上一個公司巨頭競爭最激烈的階梯更快地到達另一個高層位置。）”可知小公司提供的職位比你想要的還高。A選項“他們可能沒有必要送人上大學”；B選項“他們的員工可能會升職更快”；D選項“他們供不起員工上大學”文章都有提到，C選項“他們可能提供你需要的職位”說法錯誤，因此C選項正確。

5.主旨大意題。從文中第一段說很多大企業(yè)去校園進行招聘并述說了你在大或者小企業(yè)里各自所獲他們各自的工作優(yōu)勢，可知本文是想給那些學生尤其是即將畢業(yè)的學生介紹一些有關大企業(yè)和小公司的特點，為他們就業(yè)提供更多參考。A選項“學生”；B選項“雇主”；C選項“員工”；D選項“工程師”。因此A選項正確。

13.單選題

Censorship,awordthatseemstobe（）quitecontroversyovercertainpeople,maynotbesuchabadidea.

問題1選項

A.arguing

B.attacking

C.causing

D.discussing

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知這里指引發(fā)爭議，選項C符合句意。

14.單選題

Academicrecordsfromotherinstitutionsoftenbecomepartofauniversityofficialfileandcanneitherbereturnedtoastudentnor______.

問題1選項

A.explicated

B.complicated

C.duplicated

D.implicated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項explicated“說明，解釋”；B選項complicated“使復雜化；使惡化；使卷入”；C選項duplicated“復制；使加倍”；D選項implicated“使卷入；涉及；暗指；影響”。句意：來自其他機構的學術記錄通常會成為一所大學的官方所有文件，并且不會被返還給學生或者被復制。因此C選項正確。

15.單選題

Yearsofresearchhadeducatedmeabouthowsugar,fat,andsaltchangethebrain.Iunderstoodsomeoftheparallelsbetweenhyperpalatablefoodsanddrugsofabuse,andaboutthelinksamongsensorystimulation,cues,andmemory.I’dmetenoughpeoplelikeClaudiaandMariatounderstandhoweventhethoughtoffoodcouldcausethemtolosecontrol.

ButIwasn’tfullypreparedforthediscoveriesImadeaboutirresistibilityandwhoosh,theMonsterThickburgerandBaked!CheetosFlamin’Hot,aboutindulgenceandpurplecows.Withoutnecessarilyunderstandingtheunderlyingscience,thefoodindustryhasdiscoveredwhatsells.

IwassittingatChili’sGrill&BarinChicago’sO’HareAirportwaitingforalate-nightflight.Atanearbytableacoupleintheirearlyfortieswasdeepintoameal.Thewomanwasoverweight,withabout180poundsonherfive-foot-four-inchframe.TheSouthwesternEggrollsshehadorderedwerelistedasastartercourse,buttheenormousplatterinfrontofherhadbeenheapedwithfood.Thedishwasdescribedonthemenuas"smokedchicken,blackbeans,com,Jackcheese,redpeppers,andspinachwrappedinsideacrispyflourtortilla,"anditwasservedwithacreamyavocado-ranchdippingsauce.Despiteitsname,thedishlookedmorelikeaburritothananeggroll,anonly-in-Americafusionapproach.

Iwatchedasthewomanattackedherfoodwithvigorandspeed.Sheheldtheeggrollinonehand,dunkeditintothesauce,andbroughtittohermouthwhileusingtheforkinherotherhandtoscoopupmoresauce.Occasionallyshereachedoverandspearedsomeofhercompanion’sFrenchfries.Thewomanatesteadily,workingherwayaroundtheplatewithscantpauseforconversationorrest.Whenshefinallypaused,onlyalittlelettucewasleft.

Hadsheknownsomeonewaswatchingher,I’msureshewouldhaveeatendifferently.Hadshebeenaskedtodescribewhatshehadjusteaten,sheprobablywouldhavesubstantiallyunderestimatedherconsumption.Andshewouldprobablyhavebeensurprisedtolearnwhattheingredientsinhermealreallywere.

Thewomanmighthavebeeninterestedinhowmyindustrysource,whohadcalledsugar,fat,andsaltthethreepointsofthecompass,describedherentree.Deep-fryingthetortilladrivesdownitswatercontentfrom40percenttoabout5percentandreplacestherestwithfat.“Thetortillaisreallygoingtoabsorbalotoffat,”hesaid.“Itlookslikeaneggrollissupposedtolook,whichiscrispyandbrownontheoutside.”

Thefoodconsultantreadthroughotheringredientsonthelabel,keepinguparunningcommentaryashedid.“Cookedwhitemeatchicken,binderadded,smokeflavor.Peoplelikesmokyflavor—it’sthecavemaninthem.”

“There’sgreenstuffinthere,”hesaid,notingthespinach.“ThatmakesmefeellikeI’meatingsomethinghealthy.”

“ShreddedMontereyJackcheese...Theincreaseinper-capitaconsumptionofcheeseisoffthechart.”

Thehotpeppers,hesaid,“addalittlespice,butnottoomuchtokilleverythingelseoff.”Hebelievedthechickenhadbeenchoppedandformedmuchlikeameatloaf,withbindersadded,whichmakesthosecalorieseasytoswallow.Ingredientsthatholdmoisture,includingautolyzedyeastextract,sodiumphosphate,andsoyproteinconcentrate,furthersoftenthefood.Inoticedthatsaltappearedeighttimesonthelabelandthatsweetenersweretherefivetimes,intheformofcom-syrupsolids,molasses,honey,brownsugar,andsugar.

“Thisishighlyprocessed?”Iasked.

“Absolutely,yes.Allofthishasbeenprocessedsuchthatyoucanwolfitdownfast...choppedupandmadeultrapalatable...Veryappealinglooking,veryhighpleasureinthefood,veryhighcaloricdensity.Rulesoutallthatstuffyouhavetochew.”

Byeliminatingtheneedtochew,modernfoodprocessingtechniquesallowustoeatfaster.“Whenyou’reeatingthesethings,you’vehad500,600,800,900caloriesbeforeyouknowit,”saidtheconsultant.“Literallybeforeyouknowit.”Refinedfoodsimplymeltsinthemouth.

36.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheauthor’sdescriptionofthewomaneatinginparagraphfour?

37.Accordingtothepassage,themainreasonwhypeopleovereatisthat（）.

38.ThefollowingareallingredientsintheeggrollsEXCEPT（）.

39.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?

40.InthefirstsentenceofParagraphfour,theword“vigor”mostnearlymeans（）.

問題1選項

A.ThewomanpreferstoeatatChili’svs.otherrestaurants.

B.Thewomantrulyenjoysthefoodsthatshechoosestoeat.

C.Thewoman’sefficiencyatcleaningherplateaddstoherdiningexperience.

D.Theauthorisdisgustedbythewoman’sconsumption.

問題2選項

A.saltandsweeteners,likecorn-syrupsolidsandbrownsugar,areaddedtothefood

B.wedon’thavetochewourfoodverymuch

C.peoplelikesmokyflavor

D.sugar,fatandsaltchangethebrain

問題3選項

A.darkmeatchicken

B.salt

C.binders

D.honey

問題4選項

A.Ifyoueattoomuchfoodtooquickly,you’llgainweightandbecomeunhealthy.

B.Becauserefinedfoodisirresistibleandeasytoeat,itmaskshowunhealthyitis,leavingpeopleunawareofthepoorfoodchoicesthey’remaking.

C.Chili’sisoneoftherestaurantsintheU.S.servingunhealthyfoodtoconsumerstoday.

D.FoodconsultantsandauthorsaremakingAmericansawareoftheirunhealthyeatinghabits,thus,creatinghealthiergenerationsforyearstocome.

問題5選項

A.pleasure

B.flamboyance

C.lethargy

D.energy

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】36.細節(jié)推斷題。本題采用排除法。將信息點定位為文章第四段。即可排除A、B、C三項。又根據(jù)第五段首句Hadsheknownsomeonewaswatchingher,I’msureshewouldhaveeatendifferently.（如果她知道有人在看著她，我肯定她會吃得不一樣）得出本題答案。

37.

細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干中的overeat，將信息點定位到文章最后一段，從而得出本題答案。選項A、C和D文中都有提及，但這些并不是引起暴飲暴食的原因。

38.

細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞eggrolls，將信息點定位為原文第七段。選項A中的darkmeatchicken與原文第七段第二句Cookedwhitemeatchicken,binderadded,smokeflavor.Peoplelikesmokyflavor—it’sthecavemaninthem.中的whitemeatchicken表達意思相反，從而得出本題答案。

39.

文章主旨題。原文的第一段第一句為本文的主題句，指出sugar、fat和salt改變了人們的大腦，然后列舉了一些例子，并且在文章最后一段對這些例子進行了總結，指出這種情況產(chǎn)生的結果。從而得出本題答案。

40.語義題。根據(jù)題干，將信息定位為文章第四段。結合上下文語意，原句中attacked（攻擊）這個詞不能與pleasure（快樂）同時發(fā)生，排除；因為woman并沒有意識到誰在關注她，排除flamboyance（華麗）；lethargy“昏睡”意味著懶惰，與主題無關，排除。D項符合句意，與后文提到的calories（卡路里，熱量單位）對應。從而得出本題答案。

16.翻譯題

1.根據(jù)牛頓的發(fā)現(xiàn),白光是所有可見光疊加而成的。這就是加色概念的典型例子。例如去掉藍色色調,白光就會變?yōu)辄S色,還有其他例子等等。然而當把顏料的所有顏色混合,我們會得到黑色,這就是典型的減色理論,黑色代表所有顏色都存在。加色是透射光的領域的概念,減色是色素、染料和化學品的領域的概念。

2.但是我們對創(chuàng)新的追求究竟是為了實現(xiàn)什么呢?創(chuàng)新就是一種重要的新產(chǎn)品或者新程序,或者是一項制度,能夠在實際生活中大范圍的應用,對經(jīng)濟和社會有著革命性的意義,就是以更低成本實現(xiàn)更高的工作效益。遺憾的是我們現(xiàn)在幾乎把一切事情都用創(chuàng)新來形容,因為不是所有創(chuàng)新都能給社會財富的増長和生活的改善提供一個長久的平臺。

3.睡眠問題研究者發(fā)現(xiàn),總的來說,大多數(shù)人都是隨著年齡的增加,睡眠問題卻越來越少,上了年紀的人反而對失眠有更好的承受力。睡眠模式的大多改變都發(fā)生在20歲到60歲之間。那些經(jīng)歷著睡眠問題的人,應該去看醫(yī)生才好。因為他們經(jīng)歷的問題也許是某種生病的跡象,也許是一些藥物的副作用。

ChooseONLYONEtextformthefollowingandtranslateitintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovidedifmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】1.AccordingtoNewton,whitelightissuperimposedbyallthepartsofthevisiblespectrum.Thisisatypicalexampleofadditivecolorconcept.Forexample,takeawaythebluehues,andawhitelightwillbecomeyellow,andsoon.However,whenwecombineeverycolorofpaints,wewillgetblack.Thatissubtractivecolortheory,inwhichblackrepresentsthepresenceofallcolors.Addictivecoloristherealmoftransmittedlight,whilesubtractivecoloristherealmofpigments,dyesandchemicals.

2.Butwhatshouldourpursuitofinnovationactuallyaccomplish?Innovationisanimportantnewproduct,newprocess,orperhapsaregulation.Itcanbeappliedonalargescaleinreallife,whichhasasignificantimpactoneconomyandsociety,andthatmeanslowercostforhigherbenefit.Regrettably,wenowuse“innovation”todescribealmostanything,becausenotallinnovationscancreatealong-lastingplatformfortherisingofsocialwealthandtheimprovingoflife.

3.Sleepingproblemresearchersfoundthat,tosumup,mostpeoplehadfewersleepingproblemsastheygrewolder,andolderpeoplehadabettertoleranceforsleepdeprivation.Mostchangesinsleeppatternsoccurredbetweentheagesof20and60.Thosepeoplewhoexperiencesleepingproblemsthatmaybesignsofillnessorsideeffectsofmedicationshouldseeadoctor.

17.單選題

Bythemid-nineteenthcentury,theterm“icebox”hadenteredtheAmericanlanguage,butice