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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國醫(yī)科大學(xué)臨床醫(yī)藥學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ifapersontalksabouthisweakness,thelistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthewayof().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assurance

B.encouragement

C.persuasion

D.confirmation

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果一個(gè)人談?wù)撟约旱娜觞c(diǎn),那么他就會(huì)期望聽者說些鼓勵(lì)的話。

考查名詞辨析。assurance保證;擔(dān)保;encouragement鼓勵(lì);persuasion勸服;confirmation確認(rèn);證實(shí)。因此B符合句意。

2.翻譯題

TheChinesepresenceinthecoloniesstirredmanyAustraliananxieties.AustraliancolonistslikedtothinkofthemselvesasBritish,buttheybegantoseetheywereBritishinstrangegeo-politicalsurroundings.TheysuspectedAustraliamightbeonagreatChinesefloodplain.ItwasclearlywellwithinreachofChineseinfluence.California,anothergoldrushsociety,hadalsoexperiencedasubstantialinfluxofChinese.TherealizationgrewthatAustraliashouldnotlookjusttoBritain.ItsharedstrategicinterestswithotherwhitecommunitiesinthePacific,especiallywithAmerica.Butthepacificwasacontestedocean.Fromthe1880s,itwasincreasinglyapparentthatChinaandJapanwerealsonearbyPacificnations.

(1)ThepresenceofsomanyChineseintensifieddebateonthepotentialcharacterofAustraliansociety.Potentconcernshaddevelopedaboutcivicvaluesingoldrushcommunities,concernsaggravatedbyAustralia'sconvictorigins.Goldwasaseductive,richlymythologizedsubstance.ItsdiscoveryintheAustraliancoloniespublicizedtheirpotentialmorethananythingelsehadyetdone.Goldattractedayoung,cosmopolitan,ambitious,predominantlywhitemalepopulation,oftenimbuedwithadvanceddemocraticviews.YetasDavidGoodmanhasshown,thisinfluxstirredanxietiesaboutthemoralstabilityofthesegold-seekingcommunities.Agold-obsessedsocietyappearedapoorfoundationforastableculturedsociety.Manysocialcommentatorsfoundtheprospectthatworkingmencouldgainsuddenwealthinthiswayverydisturbing.Wouldpeoplestillvalueachievementswroughtbysteadylabourandindustrioushabits?Whatwouldhappentomoralvalues?(2)Therewasanothermoredisturbingthought.IfAustraliacouldproduceonlytheserough,uncivilizedcommunities,mightitnotlosethemoralauthoritybywhichAustralians,claimingtherightsofasuperiorculture,soughtexclusiveaccesstothecontinent?WereAustraliansstillworthyoftheirimmenseopportunities?

QuestionsoftenureandentitlementwereintensifiedbythedispossessionoftheAustralianAborigines.OneofthemainjustificationsusedatthattimefortakingoverAboriginallandcamefromthebeliefthattheywereaprimitive,nomadicpeoplewithnofixedsettlementsorhabitsofagriculture.Itwasthoughtthattheydidnotvaluetheirlandandhadnocapacitytodevelopit(3)Oneofthetroublingparadoxesofgoldseekingpopulationswasthattheyalsowereahighlymobilewanderingtribe,insomewayssimilartotheAboriginestheysoughttodisplace.AnxietiesaboutthecontinuityofwhitesettlementinAustraliaintensifiedimpulsestovilifyAboriginesandtokeepAsiansout.Themajorquestionrevolvedaroundentitlementtotheland.(4)Inthebluntlanguageofthelatenineteenthcentury,ifwhitehadreplacedblackbecauseblackwasnotdevelopingthecontinent,whyshouldyellownotreplacewhiteonpreciselythesamegrounds?IfEuropeancommunitiesinAustraliawerenotseentobecivilizedandproductive,thecaseforsoletenureofAustraliabywhitesmightbeseriouslyweakened.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】(1)這么多中國人的出現(xiàn)加劇了這場(chǎng)關(guān)于澳大利亞社會(huì)潛在性格的爭(zhēng)論。淘金社區(qū)的公民價(jià)值觀引起了人們強(qiáng)烈的關(guān)注,這種關(guān)注又因澳大利亞人原本就是罪犯的后裔而變得更為嚴(yán)重。黃金是一種充滿誘惑而又富有神話色彩的物質(zhì)。

(2)還有另一種更令人不安的思想。如果澳大利亞只能形成這些粗俗而又不文明的社區(qū),那么對(duì)于聲稱享有優(yōu)等文化權(quán)利的澳大利亞人來說,難道不會(huì)丟失他們建立在找到通往澳洲大陸的獨(dú)有途徑上的那份道德權(quán)威嗎?澳大利亞人仍然值得擁有巨大的機(jī)遇嗎?

(3)淘金社區(qū)的人們有一個(gè)令人煩惱的悖論,即他們也是高度漂移的部落,這在某些方面類似于他們?cè)噲D取代的土著居民。因?yàn)閾?dān)憂白人殖民者在澳大利亞定居的連續(xù)性,促使他們對(duì)土著居民進(jìn)行誹謗和驅(qū)逐亞洲人。

(4)用十九世紀(jì)末生硬的語言來講,如果白人取代黑人是因?yàn)楹谌藳]有發(fā)展澳洲大陸,那么為什么依據(jù)同樣的理由黃色人就不應(yīng)該去取代白人呢?如果在澳大利亞的歐洲社區(qū)不被看作是文明并富有成效的,完全由白人統(tǒng)治澳大利亞的狀況就有可能被嚴(yán)重削弱。

3.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Beforeabigexam,asoundnight’ssleepwilldoyoubetterthanporingovertextbooks.That,atleast,isthefolkwisdom.Andscience,intheformofbehavioralpsychology,supportsthatwisdom.Butsuchbehavioralstudiescannotdistinguishbetweentwocompetingtheoriesofwhysleepisgoodforthememory.Onesaysthatsleepiswhenpermanentmemoriesform.Theothersaysthattheyareactuallyformedduringtheday,butthen“edited”atnight,toflushawaywhatissuperfluous.

Totellthedifference,itisnecessarytolookintothebrainofasleepingperson,andthatishard.Butafteradecadeofpainstakingwork,ateamledbyPierreMaquetatLiegeUniversityinBelgiumhasmanagedtodoit.TheparticularstageofsleepinwhichtheBelgiangroupisinterestedisrapideyemovement(REM)sleep,whenbrainandbodyareactive,heartrateandbloodpressureincrease,theeyesmovebackandforthbehindtheeyelidsasifwatchingamovie,andbrainwavetracesresemblethoseofwakefulness.Itisduringthisperiodofsleepthatpeoplearemostlikelytoreliveeventsofthepreviousdayindreams.

Dr.MaquetusedanelectronicdevicecalledPETtostudythebrainsofpeopleastheypracticedataskduringtheday,andastheysleptduringthefollowingnight.Thetaskrequiredthemtopressabuttonasfastaspossible,inresponsetoalightcomingoninoneofsixpositions.Astheylearnthowtodothis,theirresponsetimesgotfaster.Whattheydidnotknowwasthattheappearanceofthelightssometimesfollowedapattern-whatisreferredtoas“artificialgrammar”.Yetthereductionsinresponsetimeshowedthattheylearntfasterwhenthepatternwaspresentthanwhentherewasnot.

Whatismore,thosewithmoretolearn(i.e.,the“grammar”,aswellasthemechanicaltaskofpushingthebutton)havemoreactivebrains.The“editing”theorywouldnotpredictthat,sincethenumberofirrelevantstimuliwouldbethesameineachcase.Andtoeliminateanydoubtsthattheexperimentalsubjectswerelearningasopposedtounlearning,theirresponsetimeswhentheywokeupwereevenquickerthanwhentheywenttosleep.

Theteam,therefore,concludedthatthenerveconnectionsinvolvedinmemoryarereinforcedthroughreactivationduringREMsleep,particularlyifthebraindetectsaninherentstructureinthematerialbeinglearnt.Sonow,ontheeveofthatcrucialtest,mathsstudentscansleepsoundlyintheknowledgethatwhattheywillrememberthenextdayarethebasicrulesofalgebraandnottheincoherenttalkfromtheradionextdoor.

6.Researchersinbehavioralpsychologyaredividedwithregardto().

7.Asmanifestedintheexperimentalstudy,rapideyemovementischaracterizedby().

8.Byreferringtotheartificialgrammar,theauthorintendstoshow().

9.Intheirstudy,researchersledbyPierreMaquettookadvantageofthetechniqueof().

10.WhatadvicemightMaquetgivetothosewhohaveacrucialtestthenextday?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.howdreamsaremodifiedintheircourses

B.thedifferencebetweensleepandwakefulness

C.whysleepisofgreatbenefittomemory

D.thefunctionsofagoodnight’ssleep

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.intenselyactivebrainwavetraces

B.subjects’quickerresponsetimes

C.complicatedmemorypatterns

D.revivalofeventsinthepreviousday

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itssignificanceinthestudy

B.aninherentpatternbeinglearnt

C.itsresemblancetothelights

D.theimportanceofanight’ssleep

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.exposingalong-heldfolkwisdom

B.clarifyingthepredictionsondreams

C.makingcontrastsandcomparisons

D.correlatingeffectswiththeircauses

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Memorizinggrammarwithgreatefforts.

B.Studytextbookswithcloseattention.

C.Havetheirbrainimagesrecorded.

D.Enjoytheirsleepatnightsoundly.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】6.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文中第一段Butsuchbehavioralstudiescannotdistinguishbetweentwocompetingtheoriesofwhysleepisgoodforthememory.(但是這樣的行為研究并不能區(qū)分為什么睡眠對(duì)記憶力有好處的兩種相互矛盾的理論),所以他們對(duì)為什么睡眠對(duì)記憶力有好處持有不同的觀點(diǎn),故應(yīng)選C選項(xiàng)“為什么睡眠對(duì)記憶力很有好處”。A選項(xiàng)“夢(mèng)是如何在課程中被修改的”,不符合題意,可排除。B選項(xiàng)“睡眠和清醒的區(qū)別”,不符合題意,可排除。D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)好覺的作用”,過于片面,可排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段中指出“…whenbrainandbodyareactive”,大腦積極運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)是眼珠快速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的主要特征,且在第三、四段又再次說明。選項(xiàng)B“被研究者更快的反應(yīng)速度”,選項(xiàng)C“復(fù)雜的記憶模式”和選項(xiàng)D“前一天事件的重現(xiàn)”都不是眼球快速運(yùn)動(dòng)的主要特征。故應(yīng)選A“強(qiáng)烈活躍的腦電波痕跡”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。原文的第三段最后Whattheydidnotknow…followedapattern-whatisreferredtoas“artificialgrammar”.Yetthereductionsinresponsetimeshowedthat…說明了這種內(nèi)在模式,也就是“artificialgrantor”對(duì)于記憶的重要性。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。這個(gè)題考查的是對(duì)后面幾段的歸納。首先在第三段開始Dr.MaquetusedanelectronicdevicecalledPET…theypracticedataskduringtheday,andastheysleptduringthefollowingnight.這是一種對(duì)比性的研究方法。后來的第四段最后…theirresponsetimeswhentheywokeupwereevenquickerthanwhentheywenttosleep也采用了對(duì)比的分析研究,故應(yīng)選C“對(duì)比與比較”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。這是一個(gè)通篇的中心歸納的考查題。文章一開始就指出Beforeabigexam,asoundnight’ssleepwilldoyoubetterthanporingovertextbooks.意思是在晚上好好的睡覺對(duì)記憶是有好處的。最后作者又歸納了研究的結(jié)果,“…concludedthatthenerveconnectionsinvolvedinmemoryarereinforcedthroughreactivationduringREMsleep…”也說明結(jié)構(gòu)性知識(shí)在REM睡眠中是可以鞏固的。故應(yīng)選D。

4.單選題

Haveyouafunny()orunusualexperiencethatyouwouldliketoshare?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.amusement

B.incident

C.accident

D.section

【答案】B

【解析】句意:你有想分享的有趣事情或不同尋常的經(jīng)歷嗎?

考查名詞辨析。amusement娛樂,快樂;incident事件;accident意外事故;section部分,地區(qū)。因此B符合句意。

5.單選題

Thegovernment’s()istomakeupchieflyofthemoneywepayintaxes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tariff

B.duty

C.revenue

D.tax

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。tariff“關(guān)稅”;duty“稅收”;revenue“稅收收入”;tax“稅金”。句意:政府的財(cái)政收入主要來源于我們的稅收。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

Traditionalfairytalesarebeingditchedbyparentsbecausetheyaretoo(

)fortheiryoungchildren,astudyfound.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scarce

B.scary

C.scared

D.scarred

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。scarce“缺乏的,不足的”;scary“可怕的,恐怖的”;scared“害怕的”;scarred“傷痕累累的”。句意:一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),父母?jìng)冋谵饤墏鹘y(tǒng)的童話故事,因?yàn)樗鼈兲植?,不適合年幼的兒童。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

It’sabrandnewworld—aworldbuiltaroundbrands.Hardcharging,noisemaking,cultureshapingbrandsareeverywhere.They’reonsupermarketshelves,ofcourse,butalsoinbusinessplansfordotcomstartupsandinthenamesofsportscomplexes.Brandsareinfiltratingpeople’severydaylives—bystickingtheirlogosonclothes,inconcertprograms,onsubwaystationwall,eveninelementaryschoolclassrooms.

WeliveinanageinwhichCBSnewscasterswearNikejacketsontheair,inwhichBurgerKingandMcDonald’sopenkiosksinelementary-schoollunchrooms,inwhichschoolslikeStanfordUniversityareendowedwithaYahoo!FoundersChair.Butasbrandsreach(andthenoverreach)intoeveryaspectofourlives,thecompaniesbehindtheminvitemorequestions,deeperscrutiny—andaninevitablebacklashbyconsumers.

“Ourintellectuallivesandourpublicspacesarebeingtakenoverbymarketing—andthathasrealimplicationsforcitizenship,saysauthorandactivistNaomiKlein.“It’simportantforanyhealthyculturetohavepublicspace—aplacewherepeoplearetreatedascitizensinsteadofasconsumers.We’vecompletelylostthatspace.”

Sincethemid-1980s,asmoreandmorecompanieshaveshiftedfrombeingaboutproductstobeingaboutideas—Starbucksisn’tslingcoffee;it’ssellingcommunity!—thosecompanieshavepouredmoreandmoreresourcesintomarketingcampaigns.

Topayforthosecampaigns,thosesamecompaniesfiguredoutwaystocutcostselsewhere—forexample,byusingcontractlaborathomeandlow-wagelaborindevelopingcountries.Contractlaborersarehiredonatemporary,per-assignmentbasis,andemployershavenoobligationtoprovide(anybenefits,suchashealthinsurance)orlong-termjobsecurity.Thissavescompaniesmoneybutobviouslyputsworkersinvulnerablesituations.IntheUnitedStates,contractlaborhasgivenrisetoso-calledMcJobs,whichemployersandworkersalikepretendaretemporary—eventhoughthesejobsareusuallyheldbyadultswhoaretryingtosupportfamilies.

Themassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaignsinthe1980scoincidedwiththereductionofgovernmentspendingforschoolsandformuseums.Thismadethoseinstitutionsmuchtoowilling,eveneager,topartnerwithprivatecompanies.Butcompaniestookadvantageoftheneedsofthoseinstitutions,reachingtoofar,andoverwhelmingthecivicspacewiththeirmarketingagendas.

46.Whatdoesthepassageintendtotellus?

47.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorstateasafactorintheincreasingpresenceofbrandsinpeoples’lives?

48.ThetextsuggeststhatmostcontractlaborersintheU.S.______.

49.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theproblemswithcurrentcorporatepractices.

B.Thenatureofcurrentmarketingcampaignsandstrategies.

C.TheimportanceofbrandsinAmericanculture.

D.Theexcessivepresenceofbrandsandmarketinginpeople’slives.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theaggressivenatureofcorporatemarketing.

B.Thewillingnessofschoolsandmuseumstocooperatewithprivatecompanies.

C.Thelackofgovernmentregulationsofmarketingmethods.

D.Themarketingcampaignstakeuppublicspaces.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.pretendtobetemporaryworkers

B.mayhavetroublesupportingtheirfamiliesfinancially

C.haveworkconditionscomparabletothoseoflow-wageworkersoverseas

D.arelikelytoreceivehealthbenefitsfromtheiremployers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.inadequatefederalfundingfacilitatedtheprivatizationofschoolsandmuseums

B.governmentreducedspendingforschoolsandmuseumsfortheircooperationwithcompanies

C.publicinstitutionsweretooquicktoacceptcorporatemarketingasasourceoffunding

D.bythe1980s,veryfewpublicinstitutionswerenotbeingfundedbycorporations

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】46.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章想要告訴我們什么?”。文章在第一段就提到It’sabrandnewworld–aworldbuiltaroundbrands.Hardcharging,noisemaking,cultureshapingbrandsareeverywhere.(這是一個(gè)全新的圍繞品牌建立的世界。強(qiáng)勢(shì)收費(fèi)、制造噪音、塑造文化的品牌無處不在。),接下來幾個(gè)段落,作者通過舉例指出品牌和營銷在人民生活中的不斷滲入,包括衣服、電視節(jié)目、公共空間和教室等,并且品牌和營銷使得公司費(fèi)用增加,從而迫使公司降低員工的成本;綜合推斷可知,這篇文章主要講的是品牌和營銷在人們生活的方方面面中過度滲透,D項(xiàng)“品牌和營銷在人們生活中的過度存在”正確;A項(xiàng)“公司現(xiàn)行做法存在的問題”和B項(xiàng)“當(dāng)前營銷活動(dòng)和策略的性質(zhì)”都只是文章的部分內(nèi)容;C項(xiàng)“品牌在美國文化中的重要性”沒有提到。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

47.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者認(rèn)為下列哪項(xiàng)是品牌在人們生活中日益增多的一個(gè)因素?”。第二段最后一句提到Butasbrandsreach(andthenoverreach)intoeveryaspectofourlives,thecompaniesbehindtheminvitemorequestions,deeperscrutiny—andaninevitablebacklashbyconsumers.(但是,隨著品牌滲透到我們生活的方方面面,然后是過度滲透,它們背后的公司引來了更多的問題和更深入的審視,以及消費(fèi)者不可避免的強(qiáng)烈反應(yīng)。),以及文章最后一句Butcompaniestookadvantageoftheneedsofthoseinstitutions,reachingtoofar,andoverwhelmingthecivicspacewiththeirmarketingagendas.(但企業(yè)利用了這些機(jī)構(gòu)的需求,影響太遠(yuǎn),用營銷計(jì)劃壓倒了公民空間。)綜合推斷,品牌在人們生活中日益增加的一個(gè)原因是品牌營銷侵略性太強(qiáng),故A項(xiàng)“企業(yè)營銷的侵略性”正確;由文章最后一段第一句Themassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaignsinthe1980scoincidedwiththereductionofgovernmentspendingforschoolsandformuseums.(20世紀(jì)80年代,市場(chǎng)營銷活動(dòng)的大規(guī)模擴(kuò)張與政府對(duì)學(xué)校和博物館的開支削減相吻合。)可知,B項(xiàng)“學(xué)校和博物館與私營公司合作的意愿”只是市場(chǎng)營銷活動(dòng)的大規(guī)模擴(kuò)張與政府開支削減吻合的結(jié)果,并不符合題干;C項(xiàng)“市場(chǎng)營銷方式缺乏政府監(jiān)管”沒有提到;D項(xiàng)“營銷活動(dòng)占用了公共空間”屬于營銷侵略性的特點(diǎn)。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

48.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“文章暗示美國大多數(shù)合同工……”。根據(jù)第五段最后一句IntheUnitedStates,contractlaborhasgivenrisetoso-calledMcJobs,whichemployersandworkersalikepretendaretemporary—eventhoughthesejobsareusuallyheldbyadultswhoaretryingtosupportfamilies.(在美國,合同勞工催生了所謂的“麥當(dāng)勞工作”,雇主和工人都假裝這些工作是臨時(shí)的,盡管做這些工作通常是設(shè)法養(yǎng)家糊口的人。)可推知,文章暗含的意思就是這些美國合同工養(yǎng)家糊口可能是有困難的,B項(xiàng)“養(yǎng)家糊口可能有困難”正確;A項(xiàng)“假裝是臨時(shí)工”在文章中明確提及了,并不是暗含的意思;C項(xiàng)“工作條件與海外的低薪工人相當(dāng)”沒提到;由第五段中的Contractlaborersarehiredonatemporary,per-assignmentbasis,andemployershavenoobligationtoprovide(anybenefits,suchashealthinsurance)orlong-termjobsecurity.(合同工是臨時(shí)雇傭的,按任務(wù)分配,雇主沒有義務(wù)提供任何福利,如醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)或長期的工作保障)可知,D項(xiàng)“有可能從他們的雇主那里得到健康福利”錯(cuò)誤。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

49.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“我們從最后一段可以推斷出……”。根據(jù)最后一段前兩句的內(nèi)容Themassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaignsinthe1980scoincidedwiththereductionofgovernmentspendingforschoolsandformuseums.Thismadethoseinstitutionsmuchtoowilling,eveneager,topartnerwithprivatecompanies.(20世紀(jì)80年代,市場(chǎng)營銷活動(dòng)的大規(guī)模擴(kuò)張與政府對(duì)學(xué)校和博物館的開支削減相吻合。這使得這些機(jī)構(gòu)非常愿意、甚至迫切地與私營企業(yè)合作。)可以推斷,學(xué)校、博物館等這些公共機(jī)構(gòu)急于通過企業(yè)營銷來削減開支,即作為一種資金的來源,故C項(xiàng)“公共機(jī)構(gòu)太急于接受企業(yè)營銷作為一種資金來源”符合題意;最后一段沒有提到聯(lián)邦資金,A項(xiàng)“聯(lián)邦資金不足導(dǎo)致學(xué)校和博物館私有化”不正確;B項(xiàng)“政府減少了學(xué)校和博物館與公司合作的開支”錯(cuò)誤,并不是政府減少了開支,而是市場(chǎng)營銷;D項(xiàng)“到20世紀(jì)80年代,很少有公共機(jī)構(gòu)不是由公司資助的”錯(cuò)誤,營銷公司幫助公共機(jī)構(gòu)的是削減開支,并不是資助。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

WhenAmericanAstronautGlenreturnedtotheearthandheartywelcome____him,hewasconsideredtobeanationalhero.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.waitedfor

B.anticipated

C.expected

D.awaited

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.waitedfor等候B.anticipated預(yù)料

C.expected期待D.awaited等候;將發(fā)生在某人身上

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】近義詞辨析與主謂搭配

【解題思路】空格處所填詞的主語為“熱忱的歡迎”,前文提到“美國宇航員Glen回到地球”,由此可知,該句表達(dá)的是Glen回到地球會(huì)受到熱烈的歡迎。D選項(xiàng)awaited“等候;將發(fā)生在某人身上”常與主語welcome搭配使用,heartywelcomeawaitedhim表示熱烈的歡迎發(fā)生在他身上,即他受到熱烈的歡迎。因此,本題最佳答案為D選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)waitedfor“等候”,其主語通常是人,heartywelcome常與await搭配使用;

B選項(xiàng)anticipated“預(yù)料”,不符合原句語義銜接;

C選項(xiàng)expected“期待”,不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】當(dāng)美國宇航員Glen返回地球并受到熱烈歡迎時(shí),他被認(rèn)為是民族英雄。

9.單選題

Hecomposedavastamountofmusic,______iseverplayedtoday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.oneofwhich

B.littleofwhich

C.eachofwhich

D.someofwhich

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.oneofwhich其中之一B.littleofwhich很少

C.eachofwhich其中的每一個(gè)D.someofwhich其中一些

【考查點(diǎn)】代詞用法。

【解題思路】由空格后的is可知,空格處要填入單數(shù);前半句的意思是“他創(chuàng)作了大量的音樂”,所以定語從句______iseverplayedtoday(至今仍在演奏)中填入oneofwhich符合句子意思。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)沒有l(wèi)ittleof這個(gè)用法;

C選項(xiàng)不符合句子意思;

D選項(xiàng)someofwhich后面應(yīng)該跟are。

【句意】他創(chuàng)作了大量的音樂,其中有一首至今仍在演奏。

10.單選題

Ididn’tignoreher(

).Ijustdidn’trecognizeher.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attentively

B.intensively

C.intentionally

D.intensely

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。attentively“注意地;聚精會(huì)神地”;intensively“強(qiáng)烈地;集中地”;intentionally“故意地;有意地”;intensely“強(qiáng)烈地;緊張地;熱情地”。句意:我不是有意忽視她,只是沒認(rèn)出她。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

11.單選題

Haveyoureverheardtheold(1),"Neverjudgeabookbycover"?Thisisagoodruleto

(2)

whentryingtojudgetheintelligenceofothers.Somepeoplehave

(3)

thatshineonlyincertain

(4)

.Ayoungmanwithanunusual

(5)increativewritingmayfindhimself

(6)

inthepresenceofaprettygirl.He

(7)

awkwardlyforwordsanddoesnottalksmoothly.Butdon'tmakethe

(8)

ofthinkinghimstupid.

(9)

apenandpaper,hecanexpresshimselfverywell.

Otherpeoplemay

(10)

overestimatingtheirintelligenceby

(11)agoodappearance.Astudentwholistensattentivelyand

(12)

inclassis(13)makeafavorableimpressiononhisteachers.Butwhenit

(14)

toexams,hemayscorenearthe(15)

oftheclass.

The(16)ideaisthatyoucan'tjudgesomeonebyappearance.Theonlywaytodetermineaperson'sintelligenceistogettoknowhim.Thenyoucanobserve

(17)hereactstodifferentsituations.The

(18)

situationsyouobserve,themoreaccurateyoujudgmentis

(19)tobe.So(20)

.Don'tjudgethebookbyitscover.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.speaking

B.saying

C.teaching

D.talking

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.follow

B.obey

C.watch

D.observe

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.hearts

B.heads

C.minds

D.brains

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.conditions

B.situations

C.circumstances

D.occasions

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.present

B.hand

C.pen

D.gift

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.motionless

B.hopeless

C.speechless

D.helpless

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.searches

B.looks

C.studies

D.calls

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.error

B.fault

C.mistake

D.wrong

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.From

B.With

C.In

D.By

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.foolyouaway

B.foolyouaround

C.foolyououtof

D.foolyouinto

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.puttingupwith

B.puttingon

C.puttingup

D.puttingoff

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.takesnotes

B.writenotes

C.takesnotices

D.takescare

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.upto

B.dueto

C.boundto

D.aboutto

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.turnsto

B.comesto

C.getsto

D.leadsto

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.top

B.center

C.middle

D.bottom

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.mere

B.major

C.main

D.topic

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.how

B.what

C.however

D.whatever

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.most

B.more

C.much

D.many

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.likely

B.properly

C.fortunately

D.necessarily

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.countonyourtime

B.aheadofyourtime

C.fallbehindyourtime

D.takeyourtime

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:B

第10題:D

第11題:B

第12題:A

第13題:C

第14題:B

第15題:D

第16題:C

第17題:A

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查名詞辨析?!癗everjudgeabookbycover”是一句諺語,譯為“不要以貌取人”,B選項(xiàng)saying表示“諺語”。因此,正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

2.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)follow表示“跟隨;遵守”,B選項(xiàng)obey表示“遵守;服從”,C選項(xiàng)watch“表示觀看”,D選項(xiàng)observe表示“觀察;遵守法律或協(xié)議”

。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,obey的語氣較強(qiáng),通常指服從命令,法律;遵循原則。由原文可知,不要以貌取人是一個(gè)通常性規(guī)則。因此,本題選擇A項(xiàng)最合適。

3.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)heart表示“心;心臟”,B選項(xiàng)head表示“頭,上端”,C選項(xiàng)mind表示“理智;精神;智力”,D選項(xiàng)brain表示“大腦,智力”。這句話的意思是“有些人的智力在一些特定情況下才會(huì)發(fā)揮出來”。因此本題正確答案是C。

4.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)condition表示“條件,情況”,B選項(xiàng)situation表示“情況;狀況”,C選項(xiàng)circumstance表示“環(huán)境;情況;境遇”,D選項(xiàng)occasion表示“場(chǎng)合;時(shí)機(jī)”。根據(jù)后文的例子,在寫作方面有天賦的男子在一個(gè)美麗的女孩面前說不出話,用紙和筆卻能很好地表達(dá)。說明有些人在某些特定情況下才能表現(xiàn)出聰明才智。因此本題正確答案是B。

5.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)present表示“禮物;現(xiàn)在”,B選項(xiàng)hand表示“手,幫助”,C選項(xiàng)pen表示“鋼筆,作家”,D選項(xiàng)gift表示“天賦;禮物”。創(chuàng)造性的寫作是一種非同尋常的天賦。因此本題正確答案是D。

6.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)motionless表示“靜止的;不動(dòng)的”,B選項(xiàng)hopeless表示“無望的,無可救藥的”,C選項(xiàng)speechless表示“說不出話的,非語言能表達(dá)的”,D選項(xiàng)helpless表示“無助的,沒用的”。根據(jù)后面一句doesn'ttalksmoothly和第一段最后一句可知,男孩在女孩面前是“說不出話的”,故本題正確答案為C。

7.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)search表示“尋找;搜索”,B選項(xiàng)look表示“看,注意”,C選項(xiàng)study表示“學(xué)習(xí),研究”,D選項(xiàng)call表示“打電話;稱呼;拜訪”。根據(jù)上下文可知,此句句意應(yīng)為“他笨拙地搜索語言卻也不能流利交談”,因此本題答案是A。

8.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)error強(qiáng)調(diào)違反標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或道德所做的錯(cuò)事,B選項(xiàng)fault強(qiáng)調(diào)性格或責(zé)任上的弱點(diǎn)。C選項(xiàng)mistake強(qiáng)調(diào)日常生活中看法和判斷的錯(cuò)誤;D選項(xiàng)wrong強(qiáng)調(diào)壞事、惡行、犯罪。四個(gè)詞都可表示“錯(cuò)誤”,但側(cè)重點(diǎn)各不相同。原句意思是“不會(huì)犯認(rèn)為他愚蠢這樣的錯(cuò)誤”,屬于看法判斷上的錯(cuò)誤,因此C項(xiàng)更符合題意。

9.考查介詞辨析。原句意思是“他能用紙和筆非常好的表達(dá)自己?!盇選項(xiàng)from表示“從;來自”,B選項(xiàng)with表示“用某種工具”,C選項(xiàng)in表示“用某種材料”,D選項(xiàng)by表示“通過某種方法”。因此本題正確答案是B。

10.考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)foolsbaway表示“把某人騙開”,B選項(xiàng)foolyouaround表示“愚弄某人”,C選項(xiàng)foolsboutof表示“騙某人不要做某事”,D選項(xiàng)foolsbinto表示“騙某人去做某事”。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知,有些人會(huì)通過表象讓別人誤認(rèn)為他聰明,也就是騙別人髙估他們的智力,故本題正確答案選D。

11.考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)putupwith表示“忍受,容忍”,B選項(xiàng)puton表示“穿上;增加;假裝”,C選項(xiàng)putup表示“提供;建造;舉起”,D選項(xiàng)putoff表示“推遲;阻止”。由第二段可知,有些人會(huì)通過偽裝表象讓別人誤認(rèn)為他聰明,也就是putonagoodappearance。因此本題正確答案為B。

12.考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)takenote表示“做筆記”,B選項(xiàng)writenotes搭配不當(dāng),是中式表達(dá),C選項(xiàng)表示takenotice“注意到”,D選項(xiàng)takecare表示“當(dāng)心”。根據(jù)句意可知,學(xué)生在課堂上應(yīng)是“認(rèn)真聽講并做筆記”。因此,本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

13.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)beupto表示“勝任;由……決定”,B選項(xiàng)dueto表示“由于”,C選項(xiàng)beboundto表示“必然,一定要”,D選項(xiàng)beaboutto表示“即將”。將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)代入原文分析可知,C選項(xiàng)最為合適,因此本題正確答案為C。

14.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)turnto表示“轉(zhuǎn)向;變成;求助于”,B選項(xiàng)whenitcomesto表示“當(dāng)提到,就……而論;”,C選項(xiàng)getto表示“到達(dá),開始”,D選項(xiàng)leadto表示“導(dǎo)致;通向”。原句意思是“當(dāng)提到考試的時(shí)候”,故本題正確答案為B。

15.考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)top表示“頂部”,B選項(xiàng)center表示“中心;中央”,C選項(xiàng)middle表示“中間的,中等的”,D選項(xiàng)bottom表示“底部的”。由本句中but可知,第二段最后一句與前面一句應(yīng)為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。前文提到學(xué)生上課認(rèn)真聽講并做筆記,因此下文內(nèi)容應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)折為“成績(jī)卻墊底”,故本題正確答案為D。

16.考查形容詞辨析。因?yàn)楸恍揎椩~idea是名詞,所以空缺處應(yīng)為形容詞。D項(xiàng)topic表示“主題”,為名詞,可直接排除。A選項(xiàng)mere表示“僅僅的”,B選項(xiàng)major表示“主要的,主修的”,C選項(xiàng)main表示“主要的,最重要的”。main強(qiáng)調(diào)“主要的,至高的,中心的”,major強(qiáng)調(diào)“重要的,影響大的,要集中精力的”,而中心思想常翻譯為“mainidea”,故本題正確答案為C。

17.考查賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞??杖碧帒?yīng)為observe的賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞。A選項(xiàng)how表示“如何,多少”,B選項(xiàng)what表示“什么,多么”,C選項(xiàng)however表示“無論怎樣”,D選項(xiàng)whatever表示“無論什么”。react為不及物動(dòng)詞,后而不需要接賓語,因此what和whatever排除,however不能引導(dǎo)賓語從句,因此本題正確選項(xiàng)為A項(xiàng)。

18.考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)中的比較級(jí)?!皌he+比較級(jí)……,the+比較級(jí)……”表示“越……就越……”。因此本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

19.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)likely表示“可能,或許”,B選項(xiàng)properly表示“恰當(dāng)?shù)?;合理地”,C選項(xiàng)fortunately表示“幸運(yùn)地”,D選項(xiàng)necessarily表示“必要地,必然地”。句意可理解為“你觀察的情形越多,你的判斷可能會(huì)越正確”,因此正確答案為A。

20.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)counton表示“指望;依靠”,B選項(xiàng)aheadof表示“在……前”,C選項(xiàng)fallbehind表示“落后,拖欠”,D選項(xiàng)takeyourtime表示“別著急,從容做”。根據(jù)最后一句話“不要以貌取人”可知不要急于評(píng)判一個(gè)人。因此D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

12.單選題

ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionofthecommunity;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,sex,ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.Thejuryisalsosaidtobethebestsurvivingexampleofdirectratherthanrepresentativedemocracy.Inadirectdemocracy,citizenstaketurnsgoverningthemselves,ratherthanelectingrepresentativestogovernforthem.

Butasrecentlyasin1968,juryselectionproceduresconflictedwiththesedemocraticideals.Insomestates,forexample,jurydutywaslimitedtopersonsofsupposedlysuperiorintelligence,educationandmoralcharacter.AlthoughtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentionalracialdiscriminationinjuryselectionasearlyasthe1880caseofStrauderv.WestVirginia,thepracticeofselectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenientwayaroundthisandotherantidiscriminationlaws.

Thesystemalsofailedtoregularlyincludewomenonjuriesuntilthemid-20thcentury.AlthoughwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjuryduty.Eventhenseveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjurydutyunlesstheypersonallyaskedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejurylist.Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.

In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct,usheringinaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejury.Thislawabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfederaljurorsandrequiredthemtobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionoftheentirecommunity.Inthelandmark1975decisionTaylorv.Louisiana,theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthecommunitytothestatelevel.TheTaylordecisionalsodeclaredsexdiscriminationinjuryselectiontobeunconstitutionalandorderedstatestousethesameproceduresforselectingmaleandfemalejurors.

1.FromtheprinciplesoftheU.S.jurysystem,welearnthat________.

2.Thepracticeofselectingso-calledelitejurorspriorto1968showed________.

3.AftertheJurySelectionandServiceActwaspassed,________.

4.IndiscussingtheU.S.jurysystem,thetextcenterson________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bothliterateandilliteratepeoplecanserveonjuries

B.defendantsareimmunefromtrialbytheirpeers

C.noagelimitshouldbeimposedforjuryservice

D.judgmentshouldconsidertheopinionofthepublic

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theinadequacyofantidiscriminationlaws

B.theprevalentdiscriminationagainstcertainraces

C.theconflictingidealsinjuryselectionprocedures

D.thearrogancecommonamongtheSupremeCourtjudges

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.sexdiscriminationinjuryselectionwasunconstitutionalandhadtobeabolished

B.educationalrequirementsbecamelessrigidintheselectionoffederaljurors

C.jurorsatthestateleveloughttoberepresentativeoftheentirecommunity

D.statesoughttoconformtothefederalcourtinreformingthejurysystem

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.itsnatureandproblems

B.itscharacteristicsandtradition

C.itstraditionanddevelopment

D.itsproblemsandtheirsolutions

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

FromtheprinciplesoftheU.S.jurysystem,welearnthat________.從美國陪審團(tuán)制度的原則

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