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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中華女子學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Onhiswanderingshe's()Spanish,Italian,FrenchandasmatteringofRussian.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wokenup

B.takento

C.pickedup

D.cometo

【答案】C

【解析】wokenup醒來,開始警覺;takento開始從事,喜歡;pickedup學(xué)會,獲得,撿起;cometo回到現(xiàn)實(shí)。句意:他在旅途中學(xué)會了西班牙語、意大利語、法語和一點(diǎn)俄語。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

2.單選題

Atfirst,the(

)ofcolorpicturesoveralongdistanceseemedimpossiblebutwithpainstakingeffortsandatgreatexpense,itbecameareality.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transaction

B.transmission

C.transformation

D.transition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)transaction“辦理,處理;業(yè)務(wù),交易”;B選項(xiàng)transmission“播送,發(fā)射,傳送”;C選項(xiàng)transformation“變化,轉(zhuǎn)化”;D選項(xiàng)transition“轉(zhuǎn)變,轉(zhuǎn)換”。句意:起初,遠(yuǎn)距離傳輸彩色圖片似乎是不可能的,但隨著人們的艱苦努力和花費(fèi)的巨大的代價(jià),它終于變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。結(jié)合句意,表示傳輸彩色圖片,故B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Rumorsareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningclamsituationinto()ones.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.turbulent

B.tragic

C.vulnerable

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)turbulent“動蕩的,湍流的”;B選項(xiàng)tragic“悲劇的,悲痛的,不幸的”;C選項(xiàng)vulnerable“易碎的,脆弱的”;D選項(xiàng)suspicious“可疑的,懷疑的”。句意:謠言無處不在,散布恐懼,損害名譽(yù),使平靜的局面變得_____。根據(jù)句子邏輯,這里表達(dá)的是“使平靜的局面變得動蕩”,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind.InthiswaytheNorthAmericanIndiansproducepemmican(driedmeatgroundintopowderandmadeintocakes),theScandinaviansmakestockfishandtheArabsdrieddatesand“apricotleather”.

Allfoodsincludingwatercabbageandotherleafvegetablescontainsasmuchas93%water,potatoesandotherrootvegetables80%,leanmeat75%andfish,anythingfrom80%to60%,dependingonhowfattyitis.Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked.

Fruitissun-driedinAsiaMinor,Greece,SpainandotherMediterraneancountries,andalsoinCalifornia.SouthAfricaandAustralia.Themethodsusedvary,butingeneral,thefruitisspreadoutontraysindryingyardsinthehotsun.Inordertopreventdarkening,pears,peachesandapricotsareexposedtothefumesofburningsulfurbeforedrying.Plums,formakingprunesandcertainvarietiesofgrapesformakingraisinsandcurrants,aredippedinanalkalinesolutioninordertocracktheskinsofthefruitslightlyandremovetheirwaxcoating,soastoIncreasetherateofdrying.

Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110°Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish.

Liquidssuchasmilk,coffee,tea,soupsandeggsmaybedriedbypouringthemoveraheatedsteelcylinderorbysprayingthemintoachamberthroughwhichacurrentofhotairpasses.Inthefirstcase,thedriedmaterialisscrapedofftherollerasathinfilmwhichisthenbrokenupintosmall,thoughstillrelativelycoarseflakes.Inthesecondprocessitfallstothebottomofthechamberasafinepowder.Whererecognizableplacesofmeatandvegetablesarerequired,asinsoup,theingredientsaredriedseparatelyandthenmixed.

Driedfoodstakeuplessroomandweighlessthanthesamefoodpackedincansorfrozen,andtheydonotneedtobestoredinspecialconditions.Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace.Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem.Usuallyitisjustacaseofreplacingthedried-outmoisturewithboilingwater.

1.Theopen-airmethodofdryingfood().

2.Bacteriawhichcausefoodtogobad().

3.Nowadaysvegetablesaremostcommonlydried().

4.Driedfoods().

5.Housewiveslikedriedfoodsbecausethey().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.istheonemostcommonlyusedtoday

B.wasinventedbytheAmericanIndians

C.hasbeenknownforhundredsofyears

D.tendstobeunhygienic

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.cannotliveinsunlight

B.arekilledbydrying

C.areinnowaydependentonthewatercontent

D.havetheiractivitygreatlyreducedbydrying

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.onhorizontalcylinders

B.inhot-airchambers

C.inthesunandwind

D.usingtheopentraymethod

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.areoftenpackedincansorfrozen

B.areusedbysoldiersandclimbers

C.needmorestoragespacethansoldiersusuallyhaveavailable

D.aremuchcheaperthancannedorfrozenproducts

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.arequicktoprepare

B.tastebetter

C.canbepreservedbyboilinginwater

D.lookfreshandappetizingwhencooked

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一句指出:Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind(幾個世紀(jì)前,人類就發(fā)現(xiàn)了可以通過除去食物中的水分來達(dá)到儲存的目的,并且最簡單的除去水分的方法就是將食物暴露于陽光和風(fēng)下面),因此C項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)知道幾個世紀(jì)了”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked(如果水分被除去,導(dǎo)致食物變質(zhì)的細(xì)菌的活動將會受阻)。因此D項(xiàng)“它們的活性會因?yàn)楦稍锒蟠蠼档汀闭_。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110'Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish(如今都采用機(jī)械化方式風(fēng)干食物。這種脫水的傳統(tǒng)方法是把食物放在室內(nèi),在大約110攝氏度的入口溫度,大約43攝氏度的出口溫度下吹入熱空氣。這種風(fēng)干方法通常用來風(fēng)干像蔬菜、肉末以及魚之類的食物)。因此B項(xiàng)“熱空氣室”正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出:Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace(基于這些原因,它們對攀登者、探險(xiǎn)者和戰(zhàn)場上的士兵來說是無價(jià)的,因?yàn)樗麄儙缀鯖]有存儲空間)。因此答案為B項(xiàng)“供士兵和登山者使用”。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出了原因:Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem(它們也很受家庭主婦的歡迎,因?yàn)榕腼冞@些風(fēng)干了的食物只需要花很少的時(shí)間)。因此A項(xiàng)“很快就可以做好”正確。

5.單選題

Emailisaconvenient,highlydemocraticinformalmediumforconveyingmessages

that()welltohumanneeds.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adheres

B.conforms

C.satisfies

D.reflects

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。adheres堅(jiān)持,黏附;conforms符合;satisfies滿足,使?jié)M意;reflects反射,考慮。句意:電子郵件是方便的、高度大眾化的用于傳遞信息的非正式媒介,它()人們的需求。從語義上來說,B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)都可以,但是satisfy是及物動詞,排除。conformto意為“符合,遵照,順應(yīng)”,因此正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

Anyonenotpayingtheregistrationfeebytheendofthismonthwillbe______tohavewithdrawnfromtheprogram.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contemplated

B.deemed

C.acknowledged

D.anticipated

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.contemplated考慮,思量B.deemed認(rèn)為,視為

C.acknowledged承認(rèn)(屬實(shí))D.anticipated預(yù)料,預(yù)期

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意“凡在本月底前未繳納報(bào)名費(fèi)者將被______退出該課程”可知,bedeemedto(被認(rèn)為,被視為)符合句意,所以該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】凡在本月底前未繳納報(bào)名費(fèi)者將被視為退出該課程。

7.單選題

Noreferencebook,perhapsnobookofanykindexcepttheBible,issowidelyusedas“thedictionary”.Evenhousesthathavefewbooksornoneatallpossessatleastonedictionary;mostbusinessofficeshavedictionaries,andmosttypistskeepacopyontheirdesks;atonetimeoranothermostgirlsandboysarerequiredbytheirteacherstoobtainanduseadictionary.

Admittedly,thedictionaryisoftenusedmerelytodeterminethecorrectspellingofwords,ortofindouttheacceptedpronunciation,andsuchauseisperhapsnotthemostimportantfromanintellectualpointofview.Dictionariesmay,however,havesocialimportance,foritisoftenamatterofsomeconcerntothepersonusingthedictionaryforsuchpurposesthatheshouldnotsuggesttoothers,bymisspellingawordinaletter,ormispronouncingitinconversation,thatheisnot“well-bred”,andhasnotbeenwelleducated.

Yet,despitethisfamiliaritywithdictionary,theaveragepersonislikelytohavemanywrongideasaboutit,andlittleideaofhowtouseitprofitably,orinterpretitrightly.Forexample,itisoftenbelievedthatthemerepresenceofawordinadictionaryisevidencethatitisacceptableingoodwriting.Thoughmostdictionarieshaveasystemofmarkingwordsasobsolete,orinuseonlyasslang,manypeople,moreespeciallyiftheiruseofaparticularwordhasbeenchallenged,arelikelytoconclude,iftheyfinditinadictionary,thatitisacceptedasbeingusedbywritersofestablishedreputation.Thiswouldcertainlyhavebeentrueofdictionariesahundredyearsorsoago.Foralongtimeaftertheywerefirstfirmlyestablishedintheeighteenthcentury,theiraimwastoincludeonlywhatwasusedbythebestwriters,andallelsewassuppressed,andthecompilerfrequentlyclaimedthatthisdictionarycontained“l(fā)ow”words.Apparentlythisaspectofthedictionaryachievedsuchimportanceinthemindoftheaveragepersonthatmostpeopletodaywereunawareofthegreatchangethathastakenplaceinthecompilationofpresent-daydictionaries.

Similarly,theordinarymaninvariablysupposesthatonedictionaryisasgoodandauthoritativeasanother,and,moreover,believesthat“thedictionary”hasabsoluteauthority,andquotesittoclincharguments.Althoughthisisanadvantage,inthatthedictionarypresentsadefinitionthebasicmeaningofwhichcan’tbealteredbythespeaker,yetitcouldbeacceptedonlyifalldictionariesagreedontheparticularpointinquestion.Butultimatelytheauthorityofthedictionaryrestsonlyontheauthorityofthemanwhocompiledit,and,howevercarefulhemaybe,adictionary-makerisfallible:reputabledictionariesmaydisagreeintheirjudgments,andindeeddifferentsectionsofthesamedictionarymaydiffer.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

2.By“thegreatchange”inpresent-daydictionaries,theauthorimpliesthat().

3.Manypeopledonotrealizethat().

4.Whencanonequotefromdictionariestosettlehisargumentsdecisively?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheBibleisthemostwidelyusedreferencebook.

B.Thedictionaryisthemostwidelyusedreferencebook.

C.ThedictionaryisactuallythemorewidelyusedbookthantheBible.

D.TheBibleisusedaswidelyasthedictionary.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.dictionariesseemtohavemanywrongideasinthemfortheaveragepersons

B.manyaveragepersonsdonotknowhowtousethedictionariesprofitably

C.wordsappearinginapresent-daydictionarymaynotbeacceptableingoodwriting

D.dictionarieshavedifferentsystemsofmarkingthewordstheycontain

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itisnoteasyfordictionary-makerstocompileadictionary

B.dictionarieshaveachievedsuchimportancetoday

C.adictionarytodaymaycontain“l(fā)ow”words

D.wordsinadictionarymaybeoutofdateorusedonlyasslang

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Whenhelooksupinadictionarythathasabsoluteauthority.

B.Whenthebasicmeaningofawordfoundinonedictionaryisconfirmedinotherones.

C.Whenadictionarypresentsadefinitionthatthebasicmeaningofwhichcannotbealteredbythespeakers.

D.Whenthecompilerofthedictionaryisareputableperson.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?1.根據(jù)文章,下列哪個陳述是正確的?

A.TheBibleisthemostwidelyusedreferencebook.A.《圣經(jīng)》是使用最廣泛的參考書。

B.Thedictionaryisthemostwidelyusedreferencebook.B.詞典是使用最廣泛的參考書。

C.ThedictionaryisactuallythemorewidelyusedbookthantheBible.C.事實(shí)上,詞典比《圣經(jīng)》使用得更廣泛。

D.TheBibleisusedaswidelyasthedictionary.D.《圣經(jīng)》和詞典一樣被廣泛使用。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段第一句“也許除了《圣經(jīng)》之外,沒有哪一種參考書像詞典那樣應(yīng)用廣泛”,可知,《圣經(jīng)》和詞典一樣應(yīng)用廣泛。D項(xiàng)“《圣經(jīng)》和詞典一樣被廣泛使用”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“《圣經(jīng)》是使用最廣泛的參考書”、B項(xiàng)“詞典是使用最廣泛的參考書”和C項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上,詞典比《圣經(jīng)》使用得更廣泛”根據(jù)解題思路可知,這三項(xiàng)與原文不符,屬于曲解原文。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.By“thegreatchange”inpresent-daydictionaries,theauthorimpliesthat______.2.通過現(xiàn)代詞典中的“thegreatchange”,作者暗示了______。

A.dictionariesseemtohavemanywrongideasinthemfortheaveragepersonsA.對于一般人來說,詞典里似乎有許多錯誤的觀念

B.manyaveragepersonsdonotknowhowtousethedictionariesprofitablyB.許多普通人不知道如何有效地使用詞典

C.wordsappearinginapresent-daydictionarymaynotbeacceptableingoodwritingC.出現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)代詞典中的詞在良好的寫作中可能不被接受

D.dictionarieshavedifferentsystemsofmarkingthewordstheycontainD.詞典對所包含的詞有不同的標(biāo)記系統(tǒng)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thegreatchange定位到第三段前三句話“然而,盡管對字典如此熟悉,普通人可能對它有許多錯誤的想法(theaveragepersonislikelytohavemanywrongideasaboutit),而對如何有效地使用它或正確地解釋它卻知之甚少。例如,人們通常認(rèn)為,僅僅在字典中出現(xiàn)一個單詞就證明它在好的寫作中是可以接受的。盡管大多數(shù)詞典都有一套將單詞標(biāo)記為過時(shí)的或僅作為俚語使用的系統(tǒng),但許多人,尤其是當(dāng)他們對某一特定單詞的使用受到質(zhì)疑時(shí),如果他們在詞典中找到該詞,可能會得出結(jié)論,認(rèn)為該詞已被公認(rèn)的作家所使用”,從中可知,人們認(rèn)為詞典中一個單詞的出現(xiàn)就足以證明它在好文章中是可以接受的,而作者認(rèn)為這個觀點(diǎn)是錯誤的,結(jié)合第三段最后一句“顯然,詞典的這一方面在普通人的心目中具有如此重要的意義,以至于今天的大多數(shù)人都沒有意識到當(dāng)今詞典編纂的巨大變化?!笨芍?,這是因?yàn)槿藗儧]有意識到詞典發(fā)生的“巨大變化”。因此作者暗示:現(xiàn)代詞典中出現(xiàn)的單詞在好的寫作中可能被接受,但是也有可能是不被接受的。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“對于一般人來說,詞典里似乎有許多錯誤的觀點(diǎn)”,定位至第三段第一句“盡管對詞典很熟悉,一般人可能對它有很多錯誤的想法(theaveragepersonislikelytohavemanywrongideasaboutit),很少知道如何有效地使用它,或正確地解釋它”可知,一般人對詞典的使用有錯誤的觀點(diǎn),而不是詞典里面有很多錯誤的觀點(diǎn),該項(xiàng)曲解原文;

B項(xiàng)“許多普通人不知道如何有效地使用詞典”,根據(jù)解題思路可知,該項(xiàng)與greatchange無關(guān),該項(xiàng)張冠李戴;

D項(xiàng)“詞典對所包含的詞有不同的標(biāo)記系統(tǒng)”沒有提到,屬于無中生有。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Manypeopledonotrealizethat______.3.許多人沒有意識到______。

A.itisnoteasyfordictionary-makerstocompileadictionaryA.詞典編纂者編詞典是不容易的

B.dictionarieshaveachievedsuchimportancetodayB.詞典在今天已經(jīng)變得如此重要

C.adictionarytodaymaycontain“l(fā)ow”wordsC.今天的詞典可能會包含“低級”詞語

D.wordsinadictionarymaybeoutofdateorusedonlyasslangD.詞典里的單詞可能已經(jīng)過時(shí),也可能只作為俚語使用

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“顯然,詞典的這一方面在普通人的頭腦中獲得了如此重要的地位(thisaspectofthedictionaryachievedsuchimportance),很多人沒有意識到(wereunawareof)現(xiàn)代詞典的編纂發(fā)生了巨大的變化”,可知,很多人沒有意識到詞典中的巨大變化,而這巨大的變化即上一句提到的“它們的目的只是把最好的作家所使用的詞包含進(jìn)去,其他的都被禁止了,而且編輯者經(jīng)常聲稱這種詞典包含‘低級’詞語”。綜合理解可知,很多人沒有意識到今天的詞典可能會包含“低級”詞語,C項(xiàng)符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“詞典編纂者編詞典是不容易的”沒有提到,屬于無中生有;

B項(xiàng)“詞典在今天已經(jīng)變得如此重要”根據(jù)解題思路可知,詞典在今天變得如此重要的方面是詞典里的詞語都是最優(yōu)秀的作家使用過的詞,而該項(xiàng)卻說詞典很重要,表述不準(zhǔn)確,屬于曲解原文;

D項(xiàng)“詞典里的單詞可能已經(jīng)過時(shí),也可能只作為俚語使用”,根據(jù)第三段第三句“盡管大多數(shù)詞典將文字標(biāo)記為過時(shí)的系統(tǒng),或只作為俚語(Thoughmostdictionarieshaveasystemofmarkingwordsasobsolete,orinuseonlyasslang)……”可知,“詞典里的單詞可能已經(jīng)過時(shí),也可能只作為俚語使用”是大多數(shù)詞典所標(biāo)記的,而不是人們意識到的,該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Whencanonequotefromdictionariestosettlehisargumentsdecisively?4.什么時(shí)候一個人可以引用詞典來果斷地解決他的論點(diǎn)?

A.Whenhelooksupinadictionarythathasabsoluteauthority.A.當(dāng)他查一本有絕對權(quán)威的詞典時(shí)。

B.Whenthebasicmeaningofawordfoundinonedictionaryisconfirmedinotherones.B.當(dāng)在一本詞典中找到的一個詞的基本意思在另一本詞典中得到確認(rèn)時(shí)。

C.Whenadictionarypresentsadefinitionthatthebasicmeaningofwhichcannotbealteredbythespeakers.C.當(dāng)詞典給出了一個定義,而這個定義的基本意思是說話者不能改變的。

D.Whenthecompilerofthedictionaryisareputableperson.D.當(dāng)詞典的編纂者是一個聲譽(yù)良好的人。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段前兩句“同樣,一般人總是認(rèn)為一本詞典和另一本詞典一樣好,一樣權(quán)威,而且相信‘這本詞典’有絕對的權(quán)威,并引用它來證明論點(diǎn)。雖然這是一個優(yōu)勢,因?yàn)樵~典提供的定義的基本含義不能被說話者改變,但只有當(dāng)所有的詞典都同意這一點(diǎn)時(shí),它才能被接受”,可知,只有所有的詞典提供的詞的定義達(dá)成一致時(shí),這個詞才能被引用來證明論點(diǎn),這與B項(xiàng)“當(dāng)在一本詞典中找到的一個詞的基本意思在另一本詞典中得到確認(rèn)時(shí)”表述符合,故該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“當(dāng)他查一本有絕對權(quán)威的詞典時(shí)”和C項(xiàng)“當(dāng)詞典給出了一個定義,而這個定義的基本意思是說話者不能改變的”根據(jù)解題思路可知,即使查一本絕對權(quán)威的詞典或者詞典給的定義是說話者不能改變的,也要所有的詞典達(dá)成一致,這個詞才能解決論點(diǎn),這兩項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;

D項(xiàng)“當(dāng)詞典的編纂者是一個聲譽(yù)良好的人”,根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“有聲譽(yù)的詞典可能會在判斷時(shí)產(chǎn)生分歧,實(shí)際上,同一詞典的不同部分也可能不同”可知,即使詞典編纂者聲譽(yù)良好,也無法避免出錯,該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

8.單選題

Itisanoffencetoshow()againstpeopleofdifferentraces.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinction

B.difference

C.separation

D.discrimination

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)distinction“區(qū)別,差別”;B選項(xiàng)difference“差異,不同”;C選項(xiàng)separation“分離,分開”;D選項(xiàng)discrimination“歧視,區(qū)別”句意:歧視其他種族的人是一種冒犯行為。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知,D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

9.單選題

Theeconomicrecessionhasmeantthatjob()isararething.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.security

B.safety

C.protectionfor

D.secureness

【答案】A

【解析】句意:這場經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退己經(jīng)意味著工作保障是罕見的事情。

考查名詞辨析。security安全,保障;safety安全,保險(xiǎn);protection保護(hù),防衛(wèi);secureness安全,(船)停泊,固定。因此A符合句意。

10.單選題

Threelaboureconomistssuggestthateffortatworkiscorrelatedwithrace.Afterrejectinganumberof1explanationsforwhythismightbe,theyfinally2thediscrepancytounexplained“culturaldifferences”.Acutely3ofthesensitivityofthesefindings,theydelayedpublicationuntilafterthe4election.Thepapermayyetbe5onbythosewhoarekeentorootout“politicalcorrectness”andareunhappywithcurrentanti-discriminationlaws.Thestudy’smethodisstraightforwarD.Thedatacomefromnearly36,000“dailydiaries”,self-reportingonhowAmericansspenttheirworkinghours,6from2003to2012.Relyingonthe7thatworkersareequallyhonestinadmittingsloth,theauthorscalculatethefractionoftimespentnotworkingwhileonthejob-spent-relaxingoreating,say-andfindthatitvariesbyracetoasmallbut8significantdegree.Thegapremains,albeitinweakerform,evenwiththeadditionofextensivecontrolsforgeography,9andunionstatus,amongothers.Non-whitemaleworkersspendan101.1%ofthedaynotworkingwhileonthejob,oranextrafiveminutesperday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excusable

B.plausible

C.rational

D.accountable

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.subscribe

B.confer

C.due

D.attribute

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.aware

B.conscious

C.knowing

D.ignorant

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.president

B.presidency

C.presidential

D.presiding

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.attacked

B.seized

C.criticized

D.pin-downed

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.responded

B.documented

C.gathered

D.collected

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.assumption

B.resumption

C.thesis

D.hypothesis

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.datum

B.statistic

C.presumably

D.statistically

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.industry

B.province

C.faculty

D.discrepancy

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.adding

B.additional

C.deduction

D.induction

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:A

第10題:B

【解析】1.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)excusable“可原諒的;可辯解的;可免除的”;B選項(xiàng)plausible“看似可信的;花言巧語的,巧言令色的”;C選項(xiàng)rational“合理的;理性的”;D選項(xiàng)accountable“有責(zé)任的;有解釋義務(wù)的”。根據(jù)上下文,以及關(guān)鍵字explanations(解釋),可推測經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家拒絕了許多合理的解釋,由此可推測C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)subscribe“簽署;贊成;捐助”;B選項(xiàng)confer“授予;給予”;C選項(xiàng)dueto“由于;應(yīng)歸于”;D選項(xiàng)attribute“歸屬;把……歸于”。根據(jù)上下文,以及關(guān)鍵字discrepancy“矛盾”,可排除A、B選項(xiàng),C選項(xiàng)due不能作為動詞使用,也可排除。由此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)aware“意識到的;知道的”;B選項(xiàng)conscious“意識到的;故意的;神志清醒的”;C選項(xiàng)knowing“明知的,故意的;認(rèn)知的”;D選項(xiàng)ignorant“無知的;愚昧的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵字sensitivity(敏感性)判斷出這幾位科學(xué)家意識到這類發(fā)現(xiàn)有“敏感性”,以及后文theydelayedpublication(他們推遲出版)可排除C、D選項(xiàng),B選項(xiàng)conscious(指內(nèi)心的感覺,強(qiáng)調(diào)深刻的心理活動)因此也可排除,A選項(xiàng)aware(側(cè)重感知,多與of連用),因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查近義詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)president“總統(tǒng);董事長;校長”;B選項(xiàng)presidency“總統(tǒng)(或董事長、會長、大學(xué)校長等)的職位(任期)”;C選項(xiàng)presidential“總統(tǒng)的;首長的;統(tǒng)轄”;D選項(xiàng)presiding“主持;擔(dān)任(會議)主席”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞the…election(選舉)可排除D選項(xiàng),B選項(xiàng)presidency(總統(tǒng)的職位)強(qiáng)調(diào)職位,也可排除,A選項(xiàng)president(總統(tǒng))為名詞,也可排除,中文翻譯為:直到總統(tǒng)選舉結(jié)束。判斷出此處C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)attacked“攻擊;侵害”;B選項(xiàng)seized“逮?。灰ё ?;C選項(xiàng)criticized“批評”;D選項(xiàng)pin-downed“發(fā)現(xiàn),查明;確定;使受約束”。句意:這份報(bào)告可能會被那些熱衷于根除“政治正確性”并對現(xiàn)行反歧視法不滿的人所利用。判斷出B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)responded“回答,回報(bào);反應(yīng)”;B選項(xiàng)documented“記錄”;C選項(xiàng)gathered“聚集”;D選項(xiàng)collected“收藏;聚集;聚積”。句意:他的數(shù)據(jù)來自于2003年至2012年收集的近36000份“每日日記”,這些日記是關(guān)于美國人如何度過工作時(shí)間的。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞data(數(shù)據(jù)),A選項(xiàng)可排除。B選項(xiàng),文中不是他本人所記錄的,也可排除。C選項(xiàng)“gathered”,表示由少到多的收集,不符合題意,可排除。D選項(xiàng)“collect”表示有目的或有挑選的收集,可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)assumption“假定;設(shè)想;擔(dān)任”;B選項(xiàng)resumption“恢復(fù);重新開始;取回;重獲”;C選項(xiàng)thesis“論文;論點(diǎn)”;D選項(xiàng)hypothesis“(憑空的)猜想”。根據(jù)下文workersareequallyhonestinadmittingsloth(工人們同樣坦誠地承認(rèn)自己懶惰)可排除B、C選項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)hypothesis(憑空的)猜想也可排除,可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)datum“數(shù)據(jù),資料;基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)”;B選項(xiàng)statistic“統(tǒng)計(jì)資料;統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)”;C選項(xiàng)presumably“大概;推測起來;可假定”;D選項(xiàng)statistically“統(tǒng)計(jì)地;統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞significant(有意義的)可知前面應(yīng)填副詞,可排除A、B選項(xiàng),C選項(xiàng)與文中significant不匹配,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)industry“產(chǎn)業(yè);工業(yè);勤勉”;B選項(xiàng)province“?。活I(lǐng)域;職權(quán)”;C選項(xiàng)faculty“科,系;能力”;D選項(xiàng)discrepancy“不符;矛盾;相差”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞geography(地理)以及unionstatus(工會地位)可推測,中間應(yīng)填一個與其意思相近的名詞,根據(jù)上下文,可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)adding“增加”;B選項(xiàng)additional“附加的,額外的”;C選項(xiàng)deduction“扣除,減除;推論”;D選項(xiàng)induction“感應(yīng);歸納法;感應(yīng)現(xiàn)象”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“an”可排除C選項(xiàng),根據(jù)1.1%可知應(yīng)填形容詞進(jìn)行修飾,因此可排除A、D選項(xiàng)??芍狟選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Thequestion______tomorrowiswhetherincometaxshouldbeincreased.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobedebated

B.todebate

C.debated

D.thatitwillbedebated

【答案】A

【解析】考查后置定語。句意:明天要討論的問題是是否應(yīng)該提高所得稅。根據(jù)question被debate確定用被動語態(tài),不定式表目的可以用作定語成分,A選項(xiàng)tobedebated正確。D選項(xiàng)thatitwillbedebated中it作從句主語多余。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Hefelt______ofwhathehaddoneinschool.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shy

B.ash

C.advisable

D.ashamed

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)shy“害羞的;易受驚的;對(做)……心懷顧忌”;B選項(xiàng)ash“灰燼”;C選項(xiàng)advisable“明智的,可取的”;D選項(xiàng)ashamed“感到羞恥的;慚愧的”。句意:他為自己在學(xué)校里的所作所為感到______。根據(jù)語境,這里指的是對他做過的事的態(tài)度,D選項(xiàng)ashamed“感到羞恥的;慚愧的”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

The()differenceinChinesedialecthasbecomeaprobleminmutualcommunicationamongpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enormous

B.immense

C.imminent

D.eminent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)enormous“巨大的”,指超出了正常的限度和比例;B選項(xiàng)immense“廣大的”,側(cè)重空間的廣闊;C選項(xiàng)imminent“即將來臨的”;D選項(xiàng)eminent“杰出的”。句意:漢語方言的巨大差異已經(jīng)成為人與人之間交流的一個問題。本句表示差異的巨大。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Theaddictivenatureofonlinegamblinghasforcedmany______garnerstoseektreatment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sedative

B.fortified

C.compulsive

D.impulsive

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)sedative“鎮(zhèn)靜劑”;B選項(xiàng)fortified“(在物質(zhì)或精神上)加強(qiáng)”;C選項(xiàng)compulsive“欲罷不能的”;D選項(xiàng)impulsive“易沖動的”。句意:在線賭博成癮的基本特征迫使許多______的賭徒尋求治療。這里的賭徒對賭博上癮,不能控制自己停下賭博,C選項(xiàng)compulsive“欲罷不能的”形容他們符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Insomewaystheyareamarketers’dream.Theyhavebillionsofdollarsindiscretionaryincome—andspendmostofit.Althoughtheirindividualpurchasesaresmall,theybuyregularly,oftenresponsetopeerpressure.Theyareheavilyinfluencedbythehoursoftelevisionadvertisingtheyseeeachweek.And,asaresultoftoday’ssmallerfamilies,andtheincreaseinthenumberoftwo-incomehouseholds,theyhavemoretosayaboutfamilydecisionsthaneverbefore.

“They”arechildren,ofcourse,agroupwhosespendinghabitsareattractingtheattentionofmoreandmoremarketers.Onerecentstudyestimatesthat:thethirtymillionU.S.children4to12yearsoldreceiveabout$4.7billionannuallyfromallowances,giftsandoddjobs.Ofthatamount,theyspendatotalof$4.2billioneachyearonsnacks($1.4billion),toysandgames($1.1billion),moviesandsports($771million),videogames($766million),andgifts($164million),engaginginsome280independentpurchasestransactionsannually.Childrenthirteentonineteenaccountforevengreateryearlyexpenditures:$30.5billionoftheirownmoney.

Butchildren’sfinancialmuscledoesnotendthere.Researchersestimatethatchildrendirectlyinfluencemore-than$40billioninadultpurchaseseachyear.ANickeldeonUSAToday/YankelovichYouthMonitorstudyfoundthatchildrenareextremelyawareofbrandandhaveconsiderableinputintotheirparents,selectionofapparel,cereal,snacks,cars,televisionsandpersonalcomputers.Manychildrenareinvolvedinactualhouseholdpurchasing,especiallyfood;inarecentTeenageResearchstudy,halftheteengirlssurveyedreportedshoppingforgroceriesatleastonceaweek.Recognizingthisindirectpurchasingpowerthatchildrenhave,agrowingnumberofmarketersareapproachingtheyouthdirectly.TheNationalDairyBoard,forexample,nowairsmilkcommercialswithyouthappeal,andProcter&GamblehasdevelopedCrestforKidstoothpaste.

Howdidchildrenacquiresuchbuyingclout?Researcherspointtoseveralfactors.Asthenumberofworkingcouplesandsingle-parenthouseholdsincreased,manyparentsshiftedcertainhouseholdresponsibilitiesontochildren’sshoulders.Thrustintoadultroles,childrenhaveendedupwithmoreinfluenceoverthefamily’spurchases,andtheyalsotendtospendincreasedamountsofmoneythemselves.Inaddition,manyolder,professionalcoupleshavefewerchildren.Theseparentscanaffordtolavishmoreontheirchildren,includingextraspendingmoneyforsuchitemsasFisher-PriceToys’$225children’scamcorderandtheMyFirstSonylineofelectronicsgearforchildren.Thebandwagoneffectisyetanotherfactor.Whenonemarketerbeginstofocusonchildren,competitorsfollowsuit,encouragingevenmorechildren’spurchases.McDonald’sCorp.,forexample,hasaimedadvertisementsforitshamburgers,mealkits,andpartiesatchildrenforyears;nowHardee’sFoodSystems,Inc,andWendy’sInternationalInc,aredoingthesame.

Astutemarketersrealizethatchildrenactuallyrepresentthreemarkets:currentconsumers,influentialconsumers,andfuturebuyers.Becausechildrenaresteadilydevelopingbrandawareness,andproductpreferencesthatsomedaywilltranslateintopurchasingdecisions,evencompaniesnotsellingyouthproductspersearebeginningtopayattentiontoselldirectlytochildren,realizingthat,outtheresomewhere,tomorrow’sbig-ticketcustomerisplayingvideogamestoday.

1.Thetopicofthisselectionis().

2.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthisselection?

3.Fromthestatementthatchildren“havebillionsofdollarsindiscretionaryincome—andspendmostofit”,wecaninferthatchildren().

4.Abouttheirbuyingbehaviors,wecaninferthatchildrenare().

5.Wecaninferthatmarketersbelievechildrenwhodevelop“brandawareness”whentheyareyoungwill().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.marketingproducts

B.children’sspendingpatterns

C.doingsurveysofchildren

D.thebandwagoneffect

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Childrenhavemoretosayaboutfamilypurchasedecisionsthaneverbefore.

B.Childrenareimportantmembersofsociety.

C.Childrenhaveagooddealofpowerasbuyersandconsumers.

D.Marketersareovercomingtheirlackofinterestinsellingtochildren.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.havenosenseofvalueregardingmoney

B.shouldnotbegivensomuchmoneybytheirparents

C.misusethefinancialpowerplacedintheirhands

D.donotsavemuchoftheirownmoney

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.notinfluencedmuchbyadvertising

B.verymuchinfluencedbytheirfriends

C.notinfluencedbymilkcommercialswithyouthappeal

D.carefulaboutspendingonhamburgersandotherfastfoods

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.rejectthosebrandswhenbecomeadults

B.purchasevideogamesfortheirchildren

C.remainloyaltothosebrandsintoadulthood

D.spendtheirmoneywiselyandthoughtfullyasadults

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:文章第一二段提到兒童群體雖然不大,但是他們有一定的購買能力;之后引用了一些兒童帶來的花費(fèi)的數(shù)據(jù)來進(jìn)一步說明兒童是個很大的消費(fèi)群體。最后提到兒童代表著三個市場。從這些可知全文都是在講兒童的消費(fèi)問題。所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第2題:文章主要探討兒童消費(fèi)問題。出于很多原因,兒童已經(jīng)是一個具有很強(qiáng)購買力的消費(fèi)者。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第3題:文章第一段提到孩子們有很多零花錢自己處理,但是他們?nèi)菀资艿诫娨晱V告的影響(Theyareheavilyinfluencedbythehoursoftelevisionadvertisingtheyseeeachweek),說明他們的錢被亂用了,選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第4題:文章第一段提到雖然兒童的購買力不強(qiáng),但是他們會受同伴的影響(Althoughtheirindividualpurchasesaresmall,theybuyregularly,oftenresponsetopeerpressure)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第5題:文章最后一段提到商家們認(rèn)為兒童代表三個市場:currentconsumers,influentialconsumers,andfuturebuyers。孩子們的品牌意識和產(chǎn)品偏好正穩(wěn)定發(fā)展,總有一天會形成購買力。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

16.翻譯題

對于多數(shù)人來講,引起焦慮的主要原因是高昂的房價(jià)、教育的支出和醫(yī)療費(fèi)用。人們生活在巨大的壓力之下,但是低且增長緩慢的工資使他們看不到脫離困境的希望。有時(shí)似乎是機(jī)會多多,人們也會因此而產(chǎn)生焦慮。

【答案】Formostpeople,themaincausesofanxietyarethehighcostofhousing,educationandhealthcare.Peoplearelivingunderenormouspressure,buttheyseelittlehopeforescapeastheirincomesarelowandtheirincreasesareslow.Atatimethatseemstobefullofopportunitiespeoplelivewithmanyanxieties.

17.單選題

Science,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessofthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.SirIsaacNewtonsupposedlydiscoveredgravitythroughthefallofanapple.Appleshadbeenfallinginmanyplacesforcenturiesandthousandsofpeoplehadseenthemfall.ButNewtonforyearshadbeencuriousaboutthecauseoftheorbitalmotionofthemoonandplanets.Whatkepttheminplace?Whydidn’ttheyfalloutofthesky?Thefactthattheapplefelldowntowardtheeartha

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