考研考博-英語(yǔ)-商丘師范學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-商丘師范學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Arrivinganywherewiththesepossessions,hemightjustaseasilyputupforamonthorayearasforasingleday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.last

B.stay

C.arrange

D.manage

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.last持續(xù)B.stay暫住

C.arrange安排D.manage管理

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接

【解題思路】前文提到“他帶著這些東西到任何地方去（Arrivinganywhere）”，后文提到“____一個(gè)月或者一年和____一天一樣簡(jiǎn)單”，根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該是指到某個(gè)地方去并且待一段時(shí)間，原文putup“（~somewhere）留宿”，因此，B選項(xiàng)stay“暫住”符合句意，且與原文接近。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原文語(yǔ)義。

【句意】他帶著這些東西到任何地方去，住上一個(gè)月或一年就像住一天一樣簡(jiǎn)單。

2.單選題

Thetraincametoa/an（

）stop,makingmanypassengersfallofftheirseats.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasty

B.incidental

C.swift

D.abrupt

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)hasty“草率的，匆忙的”；B選項(xiàng)incidental“偶然的”；C選項(xiàng)swift“迅速的，敏捷的”；D選項(xiàng)abrupt“突然的”。

句意：火車突然停了下來(lái)，許多乘客從座位上摔了下來(lái)。選項(xiàng)D更符合語(yǔ)境。

3.單選題

Iwouldhavecomesooner,butI（）thattheywerewaitingforme.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.didn’tknow

B.haven’tknown

C.don’tknow

D.wouldhaveknown

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句子的前半部分wouldhavecome是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示我應(yīng)該早點(diǎn)來(lái)的。所以句子的后半部分應(yīng)該要用到過(guò)去式，表示過(guò)去不知道他們?cè)诘任?。句意：我本可以早點(diǎn)來(lái)的，但我不知道他們?cè)诘任摇＞C上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Whenhestaysupallnighttostudyforhistest,hecanbequitepetulant.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tired

B.grouchy

C.amenable

D.exhausted

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.tired疲倦的，厭倦的B.grouchy不高興的，不滿的

C.amenable有責(zé)任的，順從的，有義務(wù)的D.exhausted筋疲力盡的，疲憊不堪的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】劃線單詞petulant在句中表示“鬧脾氣的，賭氣的”，B選項(xiàng)詞義與劃線單詞含義最為接近，故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)與劃線單詞的意思不符合。

【句意】當(dāng)他通宵學(xué)習(xí)準(zhǔn)備考試時(shí)，他會(huì)鬧脾氣。

5.翻譯題

Modernsciencehasopenedupthepathfortheprogressofproductiontechniquesanddeterminedthedirectionoftheirdevelopment.Manynewinstrumentsofproductionandtechnologicalprocessesfirstseethelightofdayinthescientificlaboratories.Aseriesofnewbornindustrieshavebeenfoundedonthebasisofnewly-emergeddisciplinesofscienceandtechnology，ofcourse,thereare,andtherewillbe,manytheoreticalresearchtopicswithnopracticalapplicationinplainsightforthetimebeing.Howeverahostofhistoricalfactshaveprovedthatonceamajorbreakthroughisscoredintheoreticalresearch,itmeanstremendousprogressforproductionandtechnologysoonerorlater.

Contemporarynaturalsciencesarebeingappliedtoproductiononanunprecedentedscaleandatahigherspeedthaneverbefore.Thishasgivenallfieldsofmaterialproductionanentirelynewlook.Inparticular,thedevelopmentofelectroniccomputersandautomationtechnologyisraisingthedegreeofautomationinproduction.Withthesameamountofmanpowerandinthesamenumberofwork-hours,peoplecanturnoutscoresorhundredsoftimesmoreproductsthanbefore.Howisitthatthesocialproductiveforceshavemadesuchtremendousadvancesandhowisitthatlaborproductivityhasincreasedbysuchabigmargin?Mainlythroughthepowerofscience,thepoweroftechnology.Therefore,wemaintainthatthedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnologyhaslinkedscienceandproductionevenclosertogether.Aspartoftheproductiveforces,scienceandtechnologyarecomingtoplayanevengreaterrolethaneverbefore.

【答案】【參考譯文】

現(xiàn)代科學(xué)為生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步開(kāi)辟了道路，決定了生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向。許多新的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備和工藝流程首先在科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室中問(wèn)世。在新興科技學(xué)科的基礎(chǔ)上，建立了一系列新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。當(dāng)然，目前和將來(lái)都會(huì)有許多理論研究課題暫時(shí)沒(méi)有明顯的實(shí)用性。然而，大量的歷史事實(shí)證明，理論研究一旦取得重大突破，就意味著生產(chǎn)和技術(shù)遲早會(huì)取得巨大的進(jìn)步。

當(dāng)代自然科學(xué)正以前所未有的規(guī)模和速度應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)。這給了所有材料生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域一個(gè)全新的面貌。特別是，電子計(jì)算機(jī)和自動(dòng)化技術(shù)的發(fā)展提高了生產(chǎn)中的自動(dòng)化程度。在相同的人力和工作時(shí)間內(nèi)，人們可以生產(chǎn)出比以前多幾十倍或幾百倍的產(chǎn)品。社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力是怎樣取得巨大進(jìn)步的？勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率又是如何大幅度提高的？主要通過(guò)科學(xué)的力量，技術(shù)的力量。因此，我們認(rèn)為，現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展使科學(xué)與生產(chǎn)的聯(lián)系更加緊密。作為生產(chǎn)力的一部分，科學(xué)技術(shù)將發(fā)揮前所未有的重要作用。

6.單選題

Alltheories（

）frompracticeandinturnservepractice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.originate

B.restrain

C.modify

D.reflect

【答案】A

【解析】originatefrom為常用詞組,表示“起源于,來(lái)源于”。句意:一切理論都來(lái)源于實(shí)踐,反過(guò)來(lái)又為實(shí)踐服務(wù)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

7.單選題

Heistooyoungtobeableto________betweenrightandwrong.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discard

B.discern

C.disperse

D.disregard

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“拋棄”；B選項(xiàng)“辨別，察覺(jué)”；C選項(xiàng)“分散”；D選項(xiàng)“不理睬”。句意：他太年輕了不能（）對(duì)與錯(cuò)。對(duì)錯(cuò)之間是需要判斷的，所以答案選B。

8.單選題

JohnDeweybelievedthateducationshouldbeapreparationforlife,thatapersonlearnsbydoing,andthatteachingmust_______thecuriosityandcreativityofchildren.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.seek

B.stimulate

C.shape

D.secure

【答案】B

【解析】句意：約翰?杜威認(rèn)為教育應(yīng)該為生活做準(zhǔn)備,如果在實(shí)踐中學(xué)習(xí),教學(xué)必須激發(fā)孩子們的好奇心和創(chuàng)造力。

只有stimulate才能和curiosityandcreativity進(jìn)行搭配最為合適,所以選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

9.單選題

Ittookthisdisabledboyalongtimeto（）thefactthathewasnotqualifiedforadmissiontocollege.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.comeupwith

B.comedownwith

C.comeupto

D.cometotermswith

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)comeupwith“提出、想出”；B選項(xiàng)comedownwith“染上病、付錢(qián)”；C選項(xiàng)comeupto“達(dá)到、符合”；D選項(xiàng)cometotermswith“妥協(xié)、屈服”，句意為：這個(gè)殘疾的男孩過(guò)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才接受了他沒(méi)有資格上大學(xué)的事實(shí)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意，因此選D。

10.單選題

Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersassurgicaltoolsinoperationsonpeoplewhoarepronetoheartattack.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.areinfectiousto

B.areaccessibleto

C.aredisposedof

D.aresusceptibleto

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)areinfectiousto“有傳染性”；B選項(xiàng)areaccessibleto“都可以訪問(wèn)”；C選項(xiàng)aredisposedof“正在處理”；D選項(xiàng)aresusceptibleto“易受”。句意：醫(yī)生有興趣使用激光作為手術(shù)工具，對(duì)那些容易心臟病發(fā)作的人進(jìn)行手術(shù)。根據(jù)此處關(guān)鍵詞heartattack（心臟?。┛膳懦鼳選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)及C選項(xiàng)不符合句意也可排除，D選項(xiàng)aresusceptibleto“易受”最符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.寫(xiě)作題

Youareaskedtowriteinnolessthan200wordsaboutthetitleofHarmfulPlagiarisminAcademicFieldinChina.YoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow.

RemembertowriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

目前在學(xué)術(shù)界出現(xiàn)了剽竊和抄襲等不良現(xiàn)象。作為一名未來(lái)的博士研究生，你如何看待這些現(xiàn)象，你認(rèn)為應(yīng)該如何制止，以及你應(yīng)該如何從自身做起。

【答案】

HarmfulPlagiarisminAcademicFieldinChina12.單選題

Therearemanywhobelievethattheuseofforce___politicalendscanneverbejustified.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.insearchof

B.inpursuitof

C.inviewof

D.inlightof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)insearchof“尋找”；B選項(xiàng)inpursuitof“追求”；C選項(xiàng)inviewof“鑒于，由于”；D選項(xiàng)inlightof“根據(jù)”。句意：有許多人認(rèn)為，為追求政治目的而使用武力永遠(yuǎn)是不正當(dāng)?shù)?。根?jù)句意可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.翻譯題

中華民族歷來(lái)尊重人的尊嚴(yán)和價(jià)值。還在遙遠(yuǎn)的古代，我們的先人就已提出“民為貴”的思想，認(rèn)為“天生萬(wàn)物，唯人為貴”。一切社會(huì)的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步，都取決于人的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步，取決于人的尊嚴(yán)的維護(hù)和價(jià)值的發(fā)揮。今天中國(guó)所煥發(fā)出來(lái)的巨大活力，是中國(guó)人民擁有廣泛自由、民主的生動(dòng)寫(xiě)照。

今天，中國(guó)人民堅(jiān)持走自己的路，進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)政治文化建設(shè)，把祖國(guó)建設(shè)成為一個(gè)初步繁榮昌盛的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家。同時(shí)，積極吸收和借鑒世界一切先進(jìn)的文明成果，這些成果對(duì)于中國(guó)的發(fā)展也起了重要的促進(jìn)作用。當(dāng)然，這種對(duì)外國(guó)文明的吸收和借鑒決不能是簡(jiǎn)單的模仿。中國(guó)既不能照抄西方資本主義國(guó)家的發(fā)展模式，也不能硬搬其他國(guó)家建設(shè)社會(huì)主義的模式，而必須走適合自己國(guó)情的發(fā)展道路。這就是建設(shè)有中國(guó)特色的社會(huì)主義的道路。中國(guó)人民將堅(jiān)定不移地沿著這條強(qiáng)國(guó)之路走下去。

【答案】TheChineseNationhasalwaysrespectedhumandignityandvalue.Evenintheancienttimes,ourancestorscameupwiththeideathat“peoplearethemostimportant.”Andtheybelievedthat“humansarethemostvaluableamongallthethingsthatHeavenfosters.”Developmentandprogressofasocietyhingeonthedevelopmentandprogressofhumans,anddependonhowwellhumandignityismaintainedandhowwellhumanvalueisrealized.TheimmensevitalitydisplayedbyChinatoday,isavividreflectionoftheextensivefreedomanddemocracyenjoyedbyChinesepeople.

Today,Chinesepeoplearestickingtotheirownroadtopursuethedevelopmentofeconomy,politicsandculture,turningourmotherlandintoasocialistcountrywithinitialprosperity.Meanwhile,wehaveearnestlyabsorbedanddrawnuponfruitsofadvancedworldcivilization,whichinturnhavegreatlypromotedthedevelopmentofChina.However,itmustbepointedoutthatsuchabsorptionandlearningprocessisbynomeansoneofsimpleimitation.ChinacannotcopythedevelopmentmodelofWesterncapitalistcountries,norcanitmechanicallyfollowothercountries’modelsofbuildingsocialism.Onthecontrary,wemustfollowadevelopmentroadthatissuitedtoournationalconditions.Thatis,theroadtobuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.TheChinesepeoplewillmoveforwardunswervinglyalongthisroad.

14.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Everyday25millionU.S.childrenrideschoolbuses.Thesafetyrecordforthesebusesismuchbetterthanforpassengercars;butnevertheless,about10childrenarekilledeachyearridingonlargeschoolbuses,andnearlyfourtimesthatnumberarekilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzones.Byandlarge,however,thenation’sschoolchildrenaretransportedtoandfromschoolsafe.

Eventhoughthenumberofschoolbusaccidentsisnotlarge,thesafetyofchildrenisalwaysofintensepublicconcern.Whileeveryonewantstoseechildrentransportedsafely,peoplearedividedaboutwhatneedstobedone--particularlywhetherseatbeltsshouldbecompulsory.

Peopleinfavourofseatbeltsonschoolbuses--manyofthemparentsandmedicalorganizations--arguethatseatbeltsarenecessarynotonlytoreducefatalityandinjury,butalsototeachchildrenlessonsabouttheimportanceofusingthemroutinelyinanymovingvehicle.Asidebenefit,theypointout,isthatseatbeltshelpkeepchildrenintheirseats,awayfromthebusdriver.

PeoplewhoobjecttoseatbeltinstallationsuggestthatchildrenarealreadywellprotectedbytheschoolbusesthatfollowtheNationHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration’s(NHTSA)safetyrequirementssetin1977.Theyalsobelievethatmanychildrenwon’twearseatbeltsanyway,andthatmaydamagethebeltsorusethemasweaponstohurtotherchildren.

AnewResearchcouncilreportonschoolbussafetysuggestthattherearealternatesafetydevicesandproceduresthatmaybemoreeffectiveandlessexpensive.Forexample,thestudycommitteesuggestedthatraisingseatbacksfourinchesmayhavethesamesafetyeffectivenessasseatbelts.

ThereportsponsoredbytheDepartmentoftransportationattherequestofCongress,reviewsseatbeltsextensivelywhiletakingabroaderlookatsafetyinandaroundschoolbuses.

1.Eachyear,childrenkilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzonesareabout（）.

2.Whichofthesewordsisnearestinmeaningtothewords“aredivided”inParagraph2?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whohasthegreatestdegreeofcontroloftheschoolbuses’“safety”?

4.Itmaybeinferredfromthispassagethat（）.

5.Thebesttitlewhichexpressestheideaofthepassageis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.10

B.40

C.30

D.50

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.disagree

B.separate

C.arrange

D.concern

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ANewResearchCouncil

B.TheDepartmentofTransportation

C.TheMedicalOrganizations

D.NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.manyoftheopponentsofseatbeltinstallationareparentsandofficialsoftheDepartmentofTransportation

B.proposalofseatbeltsonschoolbuseswouldbeseriouslyconsidered

C.analternatesafetydevice(raisingseatbacksfourinches)maybetakenintoconsideration

D.TheDepartmentofTransportationmayeithertaketheideaofseatbeltsorothermeasureswhenitreviewsthewholesituation

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.MakingSchoolBusesEvenSaferforChildren

B.SeatBeltsNeededonSchoolBuses

C.AlternateSafetyDevicesandProcedures

D.SafetyinandaroundSchoolBuses

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段...about10childrenarekilledeachyearridingonlargeschoolbuses,andnearlyfourtimesthatnumberarekilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzones.（……每年約有10名兒童在乘坐大型校車時(shí)死亡，而在校車外裝載區(qū)的死亡人數(shù)幾乎是這個(gè)數(shù)字的4倍。），可知B選項(xiàng)“40”正確；A,C,D選項(xiàng)不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵字aredivide可以定位到第二段peoplearedividedaboutwhatneedstobedone--particularlywhetherseatbeltsshouldbecompulsory（人們存在分歧——尤其是安全帶是否應(yīng)該被強(qiáng)制使用）由安全帶是否應(yīng)該被強(qiáng)制使用人們存在兩種意見(jiàn)，則A選項(xiàng)“不同意；不一致；爭(zhēng)執(zhí)”正確；B選項(xiàng)“分開(kāi)的；單獨(dú)的；分離，分開(kāi)；隔開(kāi)；分手；可搭配穿著的單件衣服；抽印本；獨(dú)立音響設(shè)備；土壤劃分”，C選項(xiàng)“安排；排列；整理”以及D選項(xiàng)“擔(dān)心，憂慮；關(guān)愛(ài)，關(guān)心；關(guān)心的事，負(fù)責(zé)的事；涉及；使擔(dān)心”錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一句PeoplewhoobjecttoseatbeltinstallationsuggestthatchildrenarealreadywellprotectedbytheschoolbusesthatfollowtheNationHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration’s(NHTSA)safetyrequirementssetin1977（反對(duì)系安全帶的人建議說(shuō)，按照1977年國(guó)家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)的安全要求，校車已經(jīng)很好地保護(hù)了孩子們）可以判斷出D選項(xiàng)“國(guó)家公路交通安全管理局”符合題意，最大程度上的校車安全控制在于國(guó)家公路交通安全管理局所提出的安全要求；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句AnewResearchcouncilreportonschoolbussafetysuggestthattherearealternatesafetydevicesandproceduresthatmaybemoreeffectiveandlessexpensive（一份新的研究委員會(huì)關(guān)于校車安全的報(bào)告建議，有替代的安全裝置和程序可能更有效和更便宜）可以得知A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)新的研究委員會(huì)”只是提出建議，不符合題目；B選項(xiàng)“運(yùn)輸部”錯(cuò)誤，原文并沒(méi)有提及；根據(jù)第三段第一句Peopleinfavourofseatbeltsonschoolbuses--manyofthemparentsandmedicalorganizations（贊成在校車上系安全帶的人們——其中許多是家長(zhǎng)和醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)）可以得知C選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)”只是贊成在校車上系上安全帶，不符合題意；因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句Forexample,thestudycommitteesuggestedthatraisingseatbacksfourinchesmayhavethesamesafetyeffectivenessasseatbelts（例如，研究委員會(huì)建議，把座椅靠背抬高4英寸可能和安全帶一樣安全）可以得知C選項(xiàng)“可以考慮使用替代安全裝置（將座椅靠背抬高4英寸）”符合題意；據(jù)第三段第一句Peopleinfavourofseatbeltsonschoolbuses--manyofthemparentsandmedicalorganizations（贊成在校車上系安全帶的人們——其中許多是家長(zhǎng)和醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)）可以得知A選項(xiàng)“許多反對(duì)安裝安全帶的人是家長(zhǎng)和交通部的官員”不符合題意；全文只是描述人們對(duì)于校車安全提出的兩個(gè)不同的建議，并不能看出哪個(gè)建議會(huì)被認(rèn)真考慮，故B選項(xiàng)“校車系安全帶的建議會(huì)被認(rèn)真考慮”不符合題意；D選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)運(yùn)輸部審查整個(gè)情況，它可能采取安全帶的想法或其他措施”在文章中未提及；因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要就如何讓校車更安全進(jìn)行探討，再根據(jù)第二段中心句Eventhoughthenumberofschoolbusaccidentsisnotlarge,thesafetyofchildrenisalwaysofintensepublicconcern.Whileeveryonewantstoseechildrentransportedsafely,peoplearedividedaboutwhatneedstobedone--particularlywhetherseatbeltsshouldbecompulsory（雖然校車事故的數(shù)量并不多，但兒童的安全一直是公眾高度關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。雖然每個(gè)人都希望看到兒童安全運(yùn)輸，但對(duì)于需要做些什么，人們存在分歧——尤其是安全帶是否應(yīng)該被強(qiáng)制使用）可以得知A選項(xiàng)“讓校車對(duì)孩子們更安全”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“校車上需要安全帶”以及C選項(xiàng)“備用安全裝置和程序”都是文章中對(duì)于如何讓校車對(duì)孩子更安全的觀點(diǎn)提出來(lái)的方法；D選項(xiàng)“校車內(nèi)外的安全”雖然在文章第一段中提到，但并不是文章主要描寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容，下文并沒(méi)有提及，排除；因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Theinternationalsituationhasbeengrowing（

）difficultforthelastfewyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.invariably

B.presumably

C.increasingly

D.dominantly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。invariable不變地，始終如一地；presumably大約，大概；increasingly越來(lái)越……地；dominantly占優(yōu)勢(shì)地，支配地。句意：在過(guò)去的幾年里，國(guó)際局勢(shì)變得越來(lái)越艱難。C項(xiàng)符合句意，答案C

16.單選題

Bothaperson’sheredityandhisenvironmenthelptoshapehischaracter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.family

B.education

C.nationality

D.surroundings

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)family“家庭”；B選項(xiàng)education“教育”；C選項(xiàng)nationality“國(guó)籍”；D選項(xiàng)surroundings“環(huán)境”。句意：一個(gè)人的遺傳和他所處的環(huán)境都有助于塑造他的性格。D選項(xiàng)與原文劃線詞詞義最接近，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Doingenjoyablework.

B.Earningacompetitivesalary.

C.Havingfriendlycolleagues.

D.Workingforsupportivebosses.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.20%.

B.25%.

C.31%.

D.73%.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thosefullofskilledworkers.

B.Thosethatarewellmanaged.

C.Thoserunbywomen.

D.Thoseofasmallsize.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theycanwinrecognitionoftheirwork.

B.Theycanbetterbalanceworkandlife.

C.Theycanhopfromjobtojobeasily.

D.Theycantakeonmorethanonejob.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】ConversationOne

W:WelcometoWorkplace,andintoday’sprogramwe’relookingattheresultsoftworecentlypublishedsurveys,whichbothdealwiththesametopic—happinessatwork.John,tellusaboutthefirstsurvey.

M:Well,thiswasdonebyahumanresourcesconsultancywhointerviewedmorethan1,000workers,andestablishedatop10ofthefactorswhichmakepeoplehappyatwork.[1]Themostimportantfactorforthemajorityofthepeopleinterviewedwashavingfriendly,supportivecolleagues.Infact,73%ofpeopleinterviewedputtheirrelationshipwithcolleaguesasthekeyfactorcontributingtohappinessatwork,whichisaveryhighpercentage.Thesecondmostimportantfactorwashavingworkthatisenjoyable.Thetwoleastimportantfactorswerehavingone’sachievementsrecognized,andrathersurprisingly,earningacompetitivesalary.

W:So,we’renotmainlymotivatedbymoney?

M:Apparentlynot.

W:Anyotherinterestinginformationinthesurvey?

M:Yes.Forexample,25%oftheworkingpeopleintervieweddescribedthemselvesas“veryhappy”atwork.However,[2]20%ofemployeesdescribedthemselvesasbeingunhappy.

W:That’squitealotofunhappypeopleatworkeveryday.

M:Itis,isn’tit?Andtherewereseveralmoreinterestingconclusionsrevealedbythesurvey.Firstofall,smallisbeautiful.[3]Peopledefinitelypreferworkingforsmallerorganizationsorcompanieswithlessthan100staff.Wealsofindoutthat,generallyspeaking,womenwerehappierintheirworkthanmen.

W:Yes,weare,aren’twe?

M:Andworkersonpart-timecontracts,whoonlywork4or5hoursaday,arehappierthanthosewhoworkfull-time.[4]Theresearchersconcludedthatthisisprobablyduetoabetterwork-lifebalance.

W:Arebosseshappierthantheiremployees?

M:Yes.Perhapsnotsurprisingly,thehigherpeoplegoinacompany,thehappiertheyare.Soseniormanagersenjoytheirjobsmorethanpeopleworkingunderthem.

1.Whatisthenumberonefactorthatmadeemployeeshappyaccordingtothesurvey?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)根據(jù)這項(xiàng)調(diào)查，讓員工快樂(lè)的首要因素是什么?錄音提及，大部分受訪者認(rèn)為，要有工作幸福感，最重要的因素是與友好的、能給予幫助的同事一起共事。C選項(xiàng)“與友好的同事共事”是錄音原文復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“從事令人愉快的工作”是男士提到的第二重要的因素，與題干不符，因此排除；B選項(xiàng)“獲得有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的薪水”是調(diào)查得出的兩個(gè)最不重要的因素之一，因此也可排除；D選項(xiàng)“為能給予幫助的老板工作”，這里能給予幫助的應(yīng)該是同事而不是老板，與原文表述不符，因此不正確。

2.Whatisthepercentageofthepeoplesurveyedwhofeltunhappyatwork?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)在接受調(diào)查的人中，對(duì)工作感到不快樂(lè)的比例是多少?錄音中，男士提及，有25%的受訪者認(rèn)為自己在工作中“非常愉快”，而有20%的受訪者則認(rèn)為自己在工作中不愉快。因此，A選項(xiàng)“20%”正確。B選項(xiàng)“25%”是在工作中感到非常愉快的人群所占的比例；C選項(xiàng)“31%”錄音中沒(méi)有提及；D選項(xiàng)“73%”的對(duì)象與題干不相關(guān)，也可排除。

3.Whatkindofcompaniesarepopularwithemployees?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)什么樣的公司最受員工歡迎？錄音中，男士提及調(diào)查還得出幾個(gè)有趣的結(jié)論，其中一點(diǎn)是人們更喜歡去員工在100人以下的小規(guī)模機(jī)構(gòu)或公司工作。因此D選項(xiàng)“規(guī)模小的公司”正確。A選項(xiàng)“充滿熟練工人的公司”；B選項(xiàng)“管理得當(dāng)?shù)墓尽焙虲選項(xiàng)“由女性經(jīng)營(yíng)的公司”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及，因此可排除。

4.Whatisthepossiblereasonforpeopleonpart-timecontractstobehappier?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)簽訂兼職合同的人更快樂(lè)的可能原因是什么?錄音中男士提及，那些一天只需工作四五個(gè)小時(shí)的兼職人員，其幸福感要比那些全職員工高。研究人員得出的結(jié)論是：這可能是因?yàn)榧媛毴藛T的工作與生活有更好的平衡。B選項(xiàng)中的balanceworkandlife是錄音中work-lifebalance的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們可以贏得工作上的認(rèn)可”是對(duì)工作幸福感最不重要的兩個(gè)影響因素之一，與兼職人員的工作幸福感無(wú)關(guān)，因此排除；C選項(xiàng)“他們可以輕松地從一份工作跳槽到另一份工作”和D項(xiàng)“他們從事不止一份工作”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及，因此也可排除。

18.單選題

Churchill’sinspiringspeecheshelped______hiscountrymentofightagainsttheenemy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rally

B.ally

C.resemble

D.ramble

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.rally召集；集合B.ally與……結(jié)盟

C.resemble看起來(lái)像；顯得像D.ramble漫步；漫談

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息tofightagainsttheenemy（與敵人作戰(zhàn)）可知，______hiscountrymen是指“召集他的國(guó)民”，該題選擇A項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】丘吉爾鼓舞人心的演說(shuō)幫助他的國(guó)民團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)與敵人作戰(zhàn)。

19.單選題

ThehighestmountainpassinEuropeis______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.of2,473meters

B.at2,473metershigh

C.2,473highmeters

D.2,473metershigh

【答案】D

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。表示某物的長(zhǎng)、高、寬時(shí)，英語(yǔ)中的表達(dá)是“名詞+be動(dòng)詞+數(shù)量+形容詞”，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)為beof結(jié)構(gòu)，后面一般跟抽象名詞，表示“某物/某人具有某種品質(zhì)、性質(zhì)或特點(diǎn)”；B項(xiàng)介詞at使用不正確；C項(xiàng)meters應(yīng)該緊跟在數(shù)字后面。句意：歐洲最高的山脈海拔2473米。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

20.填空題

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1-5,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

A.Eyefix-actionsarebrief

B.Toomucheyecontactisinstinctivelyfelttoberude

C.Eyecontactcanbeafriendlysocialsignal

D.Personalitycanaffecthowapersonreactstoeyecontact

E.Biologicalfactorsbehindeyecontactarebeinginvestigated

F.Mostpeoplearenotcomfortableholdingeyecontactwithstrangers

G.Eyecontactcanalsobeaggressive

Inasocialsituation,eyecontactwithanotherpersoncanshowthatyouarepayingattentioninafriendlyway.Butitcanalsobeantagonisticsuchaswhenapoliticalcandidateturnstowardtheircompetitorduringadebateandmakeseyecontactthatsignalshostility.Here'swhathardsciencerevealsabouteyecontact:

1.（

）

Weknowthatatypicalinfantwillinstinctivelygazeintoitsmother'seyes,andshewilllookback.Thismutualgazeisamajorpartoftheattachmentbetweenmotherandchild.Inadulthood,lookingsomeoneelseinapleasantwaycanbeacomplimentarysignofpayingattention.Itcancatchsomeone'sattentioninacrowdedroom,"Eyecontactandsmile"cansignalavailabilityandconfidence,acommon-sensenotionsupportedinstudiesbypsychologistMonicaMoore.

2.（

）

NeuroscientistBonnieAugeungfoundthatthehormoneoxytocinincreasedtheamountofeyecontactfrommentowardtheinterviewerduringabriefinterviewwhenthedirectionoftheirgazewasrecorded.Thiswasalsofoundinhigh-functioningmenwithsomeautisticspectrumsymptoms,whomaytendtoavoideyecontact.Specificbrainregionsthatrespondduringdirectgazearebeingexploredbyotherresearches,usingadvancedmethodsofbrainscanning.

3.（

）

Withtheuseofeye-trackingtechnology,JuliaMinsonoftheHarvardKennedySchoolofGovernmentconcludedthateyecontactcansignalverydifferentkindsofmessages,dependingonthesituation.Whileeyecontactmaybeasignofconnectionortrustinfriendlysituations,it'smorelikelytobeassociatedwithdominanceorintimidationinadversarialsituations.Whetheryou'reapoliticianoraparent,itmightbehelpfultokeepinmindthattryingtomaintaineyecontactmaybackfireifyou'retryingtoconvincesomeonewhohasadifferentsetofbeliefsthanyou,"saidMinson.

4.（

）

Whenwelookatafaceorapicture,oureyespauseononespotatatime,oftenontheeyesormouth.Thesepausestypicallyoccurataboutthreepersecond,andtheeyesthenjumptoanotherspot,untilseveralimportantpointsintheimageareregisteredlikeaseriesofsnapshots.Howthewholeimageisthenassembledandperceivedisstillamysteryalthoughitisthesubjectofcurrentresearch.

5.（

）

Inpeoplewhoscorehighinatestofneuroticism,apersonalitydimensionassociatedwithself-consciousnessandanxiety,eyecontacttriggeredmoreactivityassociatedwithavoidance,accordingtotheFinnishresearcherJariHietanenandcolleagues."Ourfindingsindicatethatpeopledonotonlyfeeldifferentwhentheyarethecentreofattentionbutthattheirbrainreactionsalsodiffer."Amoredirectfindingisthatpeoplewhoscoredhighfornegativeemotionslikeanxietylookedatothersforshorterperiodsoftimeandreportedmorecomfortablefeelingswhenothersdidnotlookdirectlyatthem.

【答案】1.C

2.E

3.G

4.A

5.D

【解析】1.本段第三句說(shuō)了，“canbeacomplimentarysignificantofpayingattention”，此外本段最后一句也說(shuō)：眼神接觸和微笑能signalavailabilityandconfidence發(fā)送可用性和自信的信號(hào)，都說(shuō)明眼神接觸是個(gè)友善的社交信號(hào)。因此選C。

2.本段第一句就出現(xiàn)了hormone荷爾蒙，此外，本段中出現(xiàn)的oxytocin催產(chǎn)素，high-functioning高功能，autisticspectrumsymptoms自閉癥譜系癥狀等詞都說(shuō)明是在聊生物因素。最后一句中還有explore探索，brainscanning腦部掃描。所以選E。

3.本段第一句就說(shuō)了eyecontactcansignalverydifferentkindsofmessage,dependingonthesituation眼神接觸根據(jù)不同情況會(huì)發(fā)出不同的訊息。下一句主干說(shuō)在不利環(huán)境中，會(huì)與dominance支配orintimidation恫嚇有關(guān)聯(lián)。因此G為正確答案。

4.本段第一句就提到了time，第二句清楚地說(shuō)到了Thesepausestypicallyoccurataboutthreepersecond，通常每秒三次，充分說(shuō)明很快，時(shí)間很短，所以選A。

5.第一句話中就有personality。在引用中轉(zhuǎn)折之后，說(shuō)到“butthattheirbrainreactionsalsodiffer人們腦部反應(yīng)不同”，最后一句話更加明確說(shuō)到高負(fù)能量的人更覺(jué)得被人直視令人不舒服。因此選D。

21.寫(xiě)作題

Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteacompositionofnolessthan200wordslongaccordingtothefollowinggraph.Youneedtointerpretwhatthegraphtriestoinformandusetheinformationfromthegraphandlogicalanalysistosupportyourfindings.PleasenotethatAJ,Ben,Chuck.Dan,Earl,andFredarenamesof6students.YoumustwriteyourcompositionclearlyontheAnswerSheetprovided.

【答案】SchoolAttendanceandScienceGrades22.寫(xiě)作題

Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteacompositionofnolessthan150wordsaccordingto/hefollowingtopic.PleasewriteyourcompositionclearlyontheAnswerSheetprovided

TOPIC:

Doyouwanttotakeajobthatiswell-payingbutdemandshighlyorajobthatpaysyoumoderatelybutdemandslightly?Pleasechooseoneoptionandwriteanessayofatleast150words.Pleaseuseadequatematerialtosupportyourposition.

【答案】MyChoiceonJob23.單選題

Amajorreasonforconflictintheanimalworldisterritory.Themaleanimalestablishesanarea.Thesizeoftheareaissufficienttoprovidefoodforhim,hismateandtheiroffspring.Migratingbirds,forexample,usedupthebestterritoryintheorderof“firstcome,first（1）.”Thelatearrivalsmayacquire（2）territories,butlessfoodisavailable,ortheyaretooclosetothe（3）oftheenemiesofthespecies.（4）thereisreallyinsufficientfoodorthedangerisverygreat,theanimalwillnot（5）.Inthisway,themembersofthespecieswhicharelessfitwillnothaveoffspring.Whenthereisconflict（6）territory,animalswillcommonlyuseforce,orashowofforce,todecidewhichwillstayandwhichwillgo.Itisinterestingtonote,（7），thatanimalsseemtouseonlytheminimumamountofforce（8）todriveawaytheintruder.Thereisusuallynokilling.Inthecaseofthoseani?malswhicharecapableof（9）eachothergreatharm,（10）isasystemforthelosinganimaltoshowthewinninganimalthathewishestosubmit.Whenheshowsthis,thevictornormallystopsfighting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.use

B.serve

C.served

D.used

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.larger

B.better

C.smaller

D.worse

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.caves

B.nests

C.residences

D.habitats

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Neither

B.If

C.Since

D.Because

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.breed

B.produce

C.mate

D.compete

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.over

C.with

D.by

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.moreover

B.henceforth

C.however

D.yet

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.compulsory

B.essential

C.necessary

D.vital

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.doing

B.made

C.given

D.sending

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.this

B.that

C.it

D.there

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:D

【解析】（1）考查上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)上下文，遷徙的候鳥(niǎo)按先到先得的順序占用領(lǐng)地，所以firstcome,firstserve符合文章意思。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（2）考查上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)下文“butlessfoodisavailable”，可以推斷這塊領(lǐng)土面積更大，但是食物較少，larger和less形成對(duì)比。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（3）名詞詞義辨析。cave“洞穴”；nest“鳥(niǎo)巢”；residence“人的住處”；habitat“動(dòng)物柄息地”。根據(jù)文意，這些領(lǐng)地離敵對(duì)物種的棲息地較近。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（4）考查上下文語(yǔ)義，如果食物太少或者領(lǐng)地太危險(xiǎn)，這些動(dòng)物是不會(huì)交配的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（5）考查上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)下文“themembersofthespecieswhicharelessfitwillnothaveoffspring.”不那么容易適應(yīng)環(huán)境的物種就不會(huì)有后代，可推斷出談?wù)摰膭?dòng)物的交配問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（6）介詞辨析。根據(jù)上下文，如果在領(lǐng)土方面存在沖突，動(dòng)物們通常會(huì)使用武力決定誰(shuí)走誰(shuí)留。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（7）考查上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)上文“animalswillcommonlyuseforce”和下文“theminimumamountofforce”，可知?jiǎng)游镉梦淞φ紦?jù)領(lǐng)地，用最少的武力趕走入侵者，所以前后形成對(duì)比，有轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（8）形容詞詞義辨析。compulsory“義務(wù)的”；essential“基本的，實(shí)質(zhì)的”；vital“重大的，至關(guān)重要的”；necessary“必要的”句意：動(dòng)物往往在必要的時(shí)候用最小的武力來(lái)驅(qū)趕侵略者。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（9）考查固定搭配。dosb.harm/doharmtosb.對(duì)某人造成傷害，句意：對(duì)于那些能夠相互造成巨大傷害的動(dòng)物，有一種方式，可以讓輸?shù)膭?dòng)物向贏的動(dòng)物表明順從的意愿。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（10）考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。therebe為固定用法，表示“某地有某物”，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

24.單選題

Thecontinuousrainwas（）fortheexceptionalpoorharvest.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.blamed

B.condemned

C.accused

D.charged

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)beblamedfor“因……被責(zé)備；歸咎于”；B選項(xiàng)becondemnedfor“因……受到譴責(zé)或被追究責(zé)任”；C選項(xiàng)beaccusedfor“因……被指控”；D選項(xiàng)bechargedfor“因……被指控或收費(fèi)”。句意：罕見(jiàn)的歉收歸咎于持續(xù)的下雨。根據(jù)句中“continuousrain持續(xù)的下雨”與“poorharvest歉收”可知“歸咎于”符合語(yǔ)境，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

25.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Overthelast25years,Britishsocietyhaschangedagreatdeal—oratleastmanypartsofithave.Insomeways,however,verylittlehaschanged,particularlywhereattitudesareconcerned.Ideasaboutsocialclass—whetherapersonis“working-class”or“middle-class”—areoneareainwhichchangeshavebeenextremelyslow.

Inthepast,theworking-classtendedtobepaidlessthanmiddle-classpeople,suchasteachersanddoctors.Asaresultofthisandalsoofthefactthatworkers’jobsweregenerallymuchlesssecure,distinctdifferencesinlife-stylesandattitudescameintoexistence.ThetypicalworkingmanwouldcollecthiswagesonFridayeveningandthen,itwaswidelybelieved,havinggivenhiswifeher“housekeeping”,wouldgooutandsquandertherestonbeer