考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Itcanbepainfulforparentswhentheirchildrenfeeloutofsyncwithothers,butitisunwise______ontheimportanceoffittingin;childrengetenoughofthatmessageintheoutsideworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.layingalotofimportance

B.toputtoomuchemphasis

C.togivealargeamountofconcern

D.throwingagreatdealofanxiety

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.layingalotofimportance強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性B.toputtoomuchemphasis強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性

C.togivealargeamountofconcern大量關(guān)注D.throwingagreatdealofanxiety造成極大的焦慮

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】根據(jù)unwise可知，unwisetodo是固定搭配，表示“做某事是不明智的”，根據(jù)句意“當(dāng)孩子感到與他人不同步時(shí)，父母可能會(huì)感到痛苦，但______重要性是不明智的”可知，空格處表示“過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)，過(guò)分關(guān)注”符合句意，所以B項(xiàng)符合。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)importance一般和attach搭配；

C項(xiàng)concern是不可數(shù)名詞，要用much搭配；

D項(xiàng)不符合unwisetodo（做某事不明智）的搭配。

【句意】當(dāng)孩子感到與他人不同步時(shí)，父母可能會(huì)感到痛苦，但過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)融入的重要性是不明智的；孩子們從外面的世界中已經(jīng)足夠了解這一點(diǎn)了。

2.單選題

Afteran（）tourperformance,theactressdecidedtoflytoHawaiitohaveafullrelaxation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.generous

B.exhausting

C.favorite

D.numerous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)generous“慷慨的，大方的”；B選項(xiàng)exhausting“使人筋疲力盡的”；C選項(xiàng)favorite“最受喜愛(ài)的”；D選項(xiàng)numerous“許多的”。句意：在一場(chǎng)使人筋疲力盡的巡回演唱會(huì)之后，這位女演員決定飛往夏威夷度假放松。根據(jù)句意女演員決定飛往夏威夷度假放松可知前面的演唱會(huì)讓人筋疲力盡所以才想要放松。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Duringperiodsofsocialandculturalstability,manyartacademiesaresofirmlycontrolledbythatallrealcreativeworkmustbedoneby（

）thedisenfranchised.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.managers

B.dogmatists

C.imposters

D.specialists

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。disenfranchised被剝奪公民權(quán)的；manager“經(jīng)理；管理人員”；dogmatist“教條主義者；獨(dú)斷家；獨(dú)斷論者”；imposter“騙子；冒名頂替者”；specialist“專(zhuān)家；專(zhuān)門(mén)醫(yī)師”。句意：在社會(huì)和文化穩(wěn)定時(shí)期，很多藝術(shù)學(xué)院如此牢固地被教條主義者控制，以至于所有真正有創(chuàng)造性的工作都由被剝奪了公民權(quán)的人來(lái)完成。由allrealcreativeworkmustbedonebythedisenfranchised.可知B項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Tosaythatasoldierfoughtinbattlelikelionmaybeadescriptive（

）,butitdoesnotmeanthathewasonallfoursroaringandwagginghistail.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.analogue

B.analogy

C.analytic

D.node

【答案】B

【解析】句意:將一個(gè)在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的戰(zhàn)士說(shuō)成獅子一樣可能是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的比喻，但是這并不意味著他四肢著地?fù)u著尾巴大聲咆哮著。

形近詞辨析。Analogue類(lèi)似物，相似物;analogy比喻，相似;analytic分解的;anode陽(yáng)極。題目中的Tosaythatasoldierfoughtinbattlelikelion這個(gè)部分是將戰(zhàn)士比喻成獅子。故選B。

5.單選題

Theyhavelaunchedacampaigntogetonlineticketingcompaniesto（）addedcoststocustomerswhenbuyingtickets.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.clarify

B.justify

C.identify

D.magnify

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)clarify“澄清，闡明”；B選項(xiàng)justify“證明……是正當(dāng)?shù)?，替……辯護(hù)”；C選項(xiàng)identify“確定，鑒定，識(shí)別，辨認(rèn)出”；D選項(xiàng)maglify“放大，贊美，夸大”。句意：他們發(fā)起了一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，讓在線票務(wù)公司……消費(fèi)者購(gòu)票時(shí)增加的成本。

6.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Scholars,writersandteachersinthemodernacademiccommunityhavestrongfeelingsaboutacknowledgingtheuseofanotherperson’sideas.IntheEnglish-speakingworld,thetermplagiarismisusedtolabelthepracticeofnotgivingcreditforthesourceofone’sideas.Simplystated,plagiarismis“thewrongfulappropriationandpublicationasone’sownoftheideas,ortheexpressionofideasofanother.”

Thepenaltiesforplagiarismvaryfromsituationtosituation.Inmanyuniversities,thepunishmentmayrangefromfailureinaparticularcoursetoexpulsionfromtheuniversity.(46)Intheliteraryworld,wherewritersareprotectedfromplagiarismbyinternationalcopyrightlaws,thepenaltymayrangefromasmallfinetoimprisonmentandaruinedcareer.Protectionofscholarsandwriters,throughthecopyrightlawsandthroughthesocialpressuresoftheacademicandliterarycommunities,isarelativelyrecentconcept.

(47)Students,asinexperiencedscholarsthemselves,mustavoidvarioustypesofplagiarismbybeingself-criticalintheiruseofotherscholars’ideasandbygivingappropriatecreditforthesourceofborrowedideasandwords,otherwisedireconsequencesmayoccur.Thereareatleastthreeclassificationsofplagiarismasitisrevealedinstudents’inexactnessinidentifyingsourcesproperly.Theyareplagiarismbyaccident,byignorance,andbyintention.

Plagiarismbyaccident,oroversight,sometimesistheresultofthewriter’sinabilitytodecideorrememberwheretheideacamefrom.Hemayhavereaditlongago,hearditinalecturesinceforgotten,oracquireditsecond-handorthird-handfromdiscussionswithcolleagues.(48)Althoughthistypeofplagiarismmustbeguardedagainstitistheleastseriousand,iflessonslearned,canbeexemptfrombeingseverelypunished.

Plagiarismthroughignoranceissimplyawayofsayingthatinexperiencedwritersoftendonotknowhoworwhentoacknowledgetheirsources.Thetechniquesfordocumentation—note-taking,quoting,footnoting,listingbibliography—areeasilylearnedandcanpreventthewriterfrommakingunknowingmistakesoromissionsinhisreferences.(49)Although“thereisnocopyrightinnews,orinideas,onlyintheexpressionofthem.”thewritercannotpleadignorancewhenhissourcesforideasarechallenged.

Themostseriouskindofacademicthieveryisplagiarismbyintention.Thewrite,limitedbyhislazinessanddullness,copiesthethoughtsandlanguageofothersandclaimsthemforhisown.Henotonlysteals,hetriestodeceivethereaderintobelievingtheideasareoriginal.Suchwordsasimmoral,dishonest,offensive,anddespicableareusedtodescribethepracticeofplagiarismbyintention.

Theoppositeofplagiarismisacknowledgement.Allmatureandtrustworthywritersmakeuseoftheideasofothersbuttheyarecarefultoacknowledgetheirindebtednesstotheirsources.(50)Students,asdevelopingscholars,writers,teachers,andprofessionalleaders,shouldrecognizeandassumetheirresponsibilitytodocumentallsourcesfromwhichlanguageandthoughtsareborrowed.Othermembersoftheprofessionwillnotonlyrespectthescholarship,theywilladmirethehumilityandhonesty.

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.在文學(xué)界，作者受到國(guó)際版權(quán)法的保護(hù)，免受剽竊，處罰范圍從小額罰款到監(jiān)禁和毀掉職業(yè)生涯不等。

47.作為沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的學(xué)者，學(xué)生必須避免各種類(lèi)型的剽竊和抄襲，在使用其他學(xué)者的想法時(shí)要自我批評(píng)，對(duì)借用的思想和詞語(yǔ)的來(lái)源給予適當(dāng)?shù)馁潛P(yáng)，否則會(huì)發(fā)生可怕的后果。

48.盡管這類(lèi)剽竊必須加以防范，但它是最不嚴(yán)重的，如果吸取了教訓(xùn)，可以免于受到嚴(yán)厲的懲罰。

49.盡管“新聞和思想沒(méi)有版權(quán)，只有它們的表達(dá)方式”，但當(dāng)作者的思想來(lái)源受到質(zhì)疑時(shí)，他不能以無(wú)知為借口。

50.作為發(fā)展中的學(xué)者、作家、教師和職業(yè)領(lǐng)袖，學(xué)生應(yīng)該意識(shí)到并承擔(dān)自己的責(zé)任，記錄所有引用的語(yǔ)言和思想的來(lái)源。

7.單選題

Theageofthegeneralpractitionerisover.Moreandmoregraduatesofmedicalschoolstendto（

）,thatis,toconcentrateonlimitedareasoftheirresearch.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.generalize

B.rationalize

C.study

D.specialize

【答案】D

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。generalize“概括”；rationalize“使合理化”；study“研究，學(xué)習(xí)”；specialize“專(zhuān)攻”。句意：全科醫(yī)生的時(shí)代過(guò)去了。越來(lái)越多的醫(yī)科學(xué)校的畢業(yè)生傾向于專(zhuān)攻，即專(zhuān)心把精力集中在有限的領(lǐng)域。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.問(wèn)答題

ThereisextraordinaryexposureintheUnitedStatestotheriskofinjuryanddeathfrommotorvehicleaccidents.Morethan80percentofallhouseholdsownpassengercarsorlighttrucksandeachoftheseisdrivenanaverageofmorethan11,000mileseachyear.Almostone-halfoffatallyinjureddrivershaveabloodalcoholconcentration(BAC)of0.1percentorhigher.Fortheaverageadult,overfiveouncesof80proofspiritswouldhavetobeconsumedoverashortperiodoftimetoattaintheselevels.Athirdofdriverswhohavebeendrinking,butfewerthan4percentofalldrivers,demonstratetheselevels.Althoughlessthan1percentofdriverswithBAC'sof0.1percentormoreareinvolvedinfatalcrashes,theprobabilityoftheirinvolvementis27timeshigherthanforthosewithoutalcoholintheirblood.

Thereareanumberofdifferentapproachestoreducinginjuriesinwhichintoxicationplaysarole.Basedontheobservationthatexcessiveconsumptioncorrelateswiththetotalalcoholconsumptionofacountry'spopulation,ithasbeensuggestedthathighertaxesonalcoholwouldreduceboth.Whiletheheaviestdrinkerswouldbetaxedthemost,anyonewhodrinksatallwouldbepenalizedbythisapproach.

Tomakedrinkinganddrivingacriminaloffenseisanapproachdirectedonlyatintoxicateddrivers.Insomestates,thelawempowerspolicetorequestbreathtestofdriverscitedforanytrafficoffenseandelevatedBACcanbethebasisforeveryarrest.TheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministrationestimates,however,thatevenwithincreasedarrests,thereareabout700violationsforeveryarrest.Atthislevelthereislittleevidencethatlawsserveasdeterrentstodrinkingwhileintoxicated.InBritain,motorvehiclefatalitiesfell25percentimmediatelyfollowingimplementationoftheRoadSafetyActin1967.AsBritishersincreasinglyrecognizedthattheycoulddrinkandnottobestopped,theeffectivenessdeclined,althoughinthefollowingthreeyearsthefatalityrateseldomreachedthatobservedinthesevenyearspriortotheAct.

【答案】IntheUnitedStates,peopletakeaveryhighriskofmotorvehicleaccidentcasualties.Almostone-halfdeadlyaccidentscausedbyexcessivedrinking.Andonethirdofdriverswhohavebeendrinking,butfewerthan4percentofalldrivers,reached0.1%orhigher.Althoughonlyfewoftheminvolvedinfatalcrashes,theprobabilityoftheirinvolvementis27timeshigherthanforthosewithoutalcoholintheirblood.

Therearemanydifferentwaystoreducetheinjuriesofintoxication.Someonesuggestsraisingtaxesonalcohol.Theheaviestdrinkerswouldbetaxedthemost,anyonewhodrinksatallwouldbepenalized.

Tomakedrinkinganddrivingacriminaloffenseisanapproachdirectedonlyatintoxicateddrivers.However,thelawhardlythreatendrinkingwhileintoxicated.Insomestates,thelawempowerspolicetorequestbreathtestofdriverscitedforanytrafficoffenseandelevatedBACcanbethebasisforeveryarrest.Evenso,withincreasedarrests,therearestillabout700violationsforeveryarrest.

9.單選題

Wehadnowaytomeasuretheexactdistancewehadtraveled,butwethoughtitwas（

）fivemiles.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.precisely

B.appropriately

C.approximately

D.apparently

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我們沒(méi)有辦法精確測(cè)量我們的實(shí)際旅程，但是我們認(rèn)為大概是5英里。

副詞辨析。Precisely精確地;appropriately適當(dāng)?shù)?approximately大約，大概;apparently顯然。因此C符合句意。

10.單選題

Heistheauthorofthisnovelwithhigh（）inthecountry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.coherence

B.prestige

C.consequence

D.commitment

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：他是這本小說(shuō)的作者，在這個(gè)國(guó)家有很高的（）。coherence統(tǒng)一，連貫性；prestige聲望，名望；consequence結(jié)果，推論，重要性；commitment承諾，委托。因此，B項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.寫(xiě)作題

Directions:Humanidentity,theideathatdefineseachandeveryoneofus,couldbefacinganunprecedentedcrisis.Itisacrisisthatwouldthreatenlong-heldnotionsofwhoweare,whatwedoandhowwebehave.Accordingtoneuroscientists,thiscrisiscouldreshapethewaywethink,welearnandweinteractwitheachother,alterwhatmakesushappy,andmodifyourcapacityforreachingourfullpotentialasindividuals.Itiscausedbyonesimplefact:Weareexcessivelyreliantontheuseoftheinformationtechnology.Likewise,thewaywetraditionallylearnandteachinclassroomsisunderthreatfromthemoderntechnologyandfailstoattractthepost-1990s,whohavebeennegativelystereotypedasaselfishgrouporlabeledasIphonefansorWechat-(orQQ-)addictedkids.

WhatdoyouthinkofthepossiblechangesthatcouldbemadeintheChinesetertiaryeducationtobeadaptedtothelearningneedsofthepost-1990sintheneweraofinformationtechnology?Writeacompositionofabout250wordsexpressingyourownopinions.Youshoulduseyourownideas,knowledgeorexperiencetogeneratesupportforyourargument.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)

Note:Inthefirstpartofyourwritingyoushouldstateclearlythethesisstatement(i.e.,yourmainargument),andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.

【答案】略

12.單選題

（）dullhemaybe，heiscertainlyaverysuccessfultopexecutive.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Although

B.Whatever

C.As

D.However

【答案】D

【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，后面可以直接修飾形容詞的只有D選項(xiàng)however。A選項(xiàng)although“盡管，雖然”，作為連詞可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，后面接句子，應(yīng)用到這個(gè)句子里面應(yīng)該是：althoughhemaybedull；B選項(xiàng)whatever“不論什么”，后面應(yīng)該接名詞；C選項(xiàng)as“盡管，正如”，作為連詞可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，后面接句子，應(yīng)用到這個(gè)句子里面應(yīng)該是：dullashemaybe；句意：無(wú)論他多么遲鈍，他都是一名當(dāng)之無(wú)愧的成功高層主管人員。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。

13.翻譯題

Passage1

Severalpromisingdrugdevelopmentstrategiesareemerginginthefightagainsttuberculosis(TB),whichcontinuestoclaimnearlytwomillionlivesworldwideeachyear,largelyindevelopingcountries.AstheTBbacteriumevolvestoresistanti-TBdrugs,andpatientsfinditdifficulttosticktoexistingdrugregimesthesearchisonforbothnewdrugsandgooddiagnostics.Somepromisingdrugsareinearlyclinicaltrials,whichcouldreducethetimeneededtotreatTB—buttheoddsarestackedagainstthembecausefewerthantenpercentofantibioticsthatenterearlyclinicaltrialsevergainapproval.Butresearchesarefindingthatfieldsinvolvingthestudyofgenes,proteinsandmetabolismofferthepotentialtounlocknewinformationaboutthebacteriumanditsinteractionswithpeopleinunprecedenteddetail.

Passage2

AsfarasWeb2.0isconcerned,biggerisdefinitelybetter.Biggertext,thatis.Largetextiseasyontheeye,andcoupledwithsnappycopywritingmakesinformationeasytoabsorb.ThelayoutofWeb2.0sitesmightbedescribedasminimal.Withafocusonlegibilityandeaseofuse,gooduseismadeofwhitespace.Whitespaceallowsimportantinformationtostandapart,providesrestfortheeye,andimpartsasenseofcalmandorder.Generousleadingalsomakestextcopyeasierfortheeyetofollow.SomeWeb2.0layoutsaresominimalthattheyvergeonboring,butdesignedwell,anunclutteredpagecanbeincrediblytasteful.Friendly,informalcopywritingallowsamorepersonalrelationshipwithwebsitevisitors.

Passage3

Theprojectmanagementteammustbecarefulnottoconfusequalitywithgrade.Lowqualityisalwaysaproblem;lowgrademaynotbe.Determininganddeliveringtherequiredlevelsofbothqualityandgradearetheresponsibilitiesoftheprojectmanagerandtheprojectmanagementteam.Inaddition,qualityimprovementinitiativesundertakenbytheperformingorganizationcanimprovethequalityoftheprojectmanagementaswellasthequalityoftheprojectproduct.However,thereisanimportantdifferencethattheprojectmanagementteammustbeacutelyawareof—thetemporarynatureoftheprojectmeansthatinvestmentsinproductqualityimprovement,especiallydefectpreventionandappraisal,mustoftenbebornebytheperformingorganizationsincetheprojectmaynotlastlongenoughtoreaptherewards.

ChooseONLYONEtextfromthefollowingpassagesandtranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovided.IfmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】Passage1

在反擊結(jié)核病的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中,幾種有前景的藥物開(kāi)發(fā)策略正在出現(xiàn)。結(jié)核病如今每年仍在奪去將近兩百萬(wàn)人的生命,其中大多發(fā)生在發(fā)展中國(guó)家。隨著結(jié)核分枝桿菌進(jìn)化成可以耐受抗結(jié)核藥物,而患者感到很難接受現(xiàn)有的藥物治療框架,科學(xué)家正在尋找新藥和好的診斷方法。一些有前景的藥物正在進(jìn)行早期臨床試驗(yàn),這可能縮短結(jié)核病治療時(shí)間,但是他們面臨的情況不利,因?yàn)橹挥胁坏?0%的進(jìn)入早期臨床試驗(yàn)階段的抗生素獲得了批準(zhǔn)。但研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),研究基因、蛋白質(zhì)和代謝的領(lǐng)域提供了破解關(guān)于這種細(xì)菌及其與人類(lèi)相互作用的空前詳細(xì)的新信息的潛力。

Passage2

對(duì)于Web2.0來(lái)講,越大肯定是越好。大的文字就是,大的文字看起來(lái)不累,配合流暢的文字內(nèi)容使得信息容易被吸收。Web2.0網(wǎng)站的排版布局（難度）可說(shuō)是微乎其微。利用好空白可以使重點(diǎn)突出,易讀,易用?？瞻啄茏屩匾畔⑼癸@,讓眼睛得以休息,并給予一種安定和秩序的感覺(jué)。寬松的行間距也讓視線易于跟隨文本流動(dòng)。一些Web2.0網(wǎng)站的布局簡(jiǎn)單到令人感到無(wú)聊的地步,但若設(shè)計(jì)上出色的話,一個(gè)四平八穩(wěn)的頁(yè)面也能成為絕頂?shù)拿牢洞蟛汀Ｓ押?、活潑的行文方式?huì)使作者與訪問(wèn)者建立更多良好的關(guān)系。

Passage3

項(xiàng)目管理隊(duì)伍必須注意不能將質(zhì)量與等級(jí)混淆。質(zhì)量低常成為一個(gè)問(wèn)題,但等級(jí)低則不是。確定和傳達(dá)所需的質(zhì)量及等級(jí)水平是項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理和項(xiàng)目管理隊(duì)伍的責(zé)任。另外,執(zhí)行組織主動(dòng)采取質(zhì)量改進(jìn)不僅能提高項(xiàng)目管理的質(zhì)量,也可提高項(xiàng)目產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。但是,項(xiàng)目管理隊(duì)伍必須清楚知道一個(gè)重要的區(qū)別一項(xiàng)目的臨時(shí)性意味著對(duì)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量改進(jìn)的投資,特別是缺陷的預(yù)防和評(píng)估,必須由執(zhí)行組織承擔(dān),因?yàn)轫?xiàng)目可能不會(huì)持續(xù)到獲得回報(bào)的時(shí)候。

14.單選題

（）iscallederosion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thewearingawayofland

B.Whenlandwearsaway

C.Landwhichwearsaway

D.Wearingawayland

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞辨析。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三種形式，不定式，動(dòng)名詞以及過(guò)去分詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，可排除B、C選項(xiàng)。句意：……叫作侵蝕。結(jié)合句意，A選項(xiàng)Thewearingawayofland“土地的磨損”符合句意。因此答案為A選項(xiàng)。

15.單選題

Ourteacherdidn’thavetimesofartogointoit（

）,buthegaveusanideaabouthisplan.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inturn

B.athand

C.inconclusion

D.atlength

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。inturn“依次，輪流地”；athand“手頭，在手邊”；inconclusion“綜述，總結(jié)”；atlength“終于，詳盡地”。句意：到目前為止，我們老師沒(méi)有時(shí)間詳細(xì)討論，但他給了我們一個(gè)關(guān)于他計(jì)劃的想法。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

16.單選題

Morethanone-thirdoftheChineseintheUnitedStatesliveinCalifornia,（

）inSanFrancisco.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.previously

B.predominantly

C.practically

D.permanently

【答案】B

【解析】previously以前，預(yù)先；predominantly主要地，顯著地；practically實(shí)際地，事實(shí)上；permanently永久地。句意：在美國(guó)，超過(guò)三分之一的華人居住在加州，主要居住在舊金山。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

17.單選題

Thisisanillnessthatcanresultintotalblindness（）leftuntreated.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.after

B.if

C.since

D.unless

【答案】B

【解析】考查條件狀語(yǔ)從句。if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，如果從句和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，則從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞可以一同省略，此句省略了theillnessis。句意：這種疾病如果不加以治療，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致完全失明。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Hardly（

）thehelicopter（

）whenthewaitingcrowdrantowardsit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.had...landed

B.has...landed

C.would...land

D.was...landing

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。這里考查的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的部分倒裝用法。當(dāng)hardly位于句首時(shí)，這個(gè)時(shí)間條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主句必須采取倒裝的表達(dá)，即將had提到句子主語(yǔ)前。因?yàn)橹骶涞膭?dòng)作是發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之前，故主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，而從句使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意為：直升飛機(jī)一降落，一旁等待的士兵就沖了上來(lái)。故選項(xiàng)A正確。

19.單選題

Whatwecallnatureis,______,thesumofthechangesmadebyallthevariouscreaturesandnaturalforcesintheirintricateactionsandinfluencesuponeachotherandupontheirplaces.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incommonsense

B.fromasense

C.bythesense

D.inasense

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.incommonsense普通常識(shí)B.fromasense從一種感覺(jué)

C.bythesense憑感覺(jué)D.inasense在某種意義上

【考查點(diǎn)】插入語(yǔ)。

【解題思路】分析句子可知，句子結(jié)構(gòu)意義完整，而空格處位于系動(dòng)詞和表語(yǔ)之間，且用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，可推知空格處填入一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，按照句意“我們所稱(chēng)的自然，______，就是一切不同的生物和自然力在其相互作用和相互影響的過(guò)程中所發(fā)生的變化的總和”可知，空格處填入D項(xiàng)符合句意，故該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)都不符合句意。

【句意】從某種意義上說(shuō)，我們所稱(chēng)的自然，就是一切不同的生物和自然力在其相互作用和相互影響的過(guò)程中所發(fā)生的變化的總和。

20.單選題

Youwillhavetochangeyouroflifenowthatyouhavegotababy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mode

B.mound

C.mood

D.form

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)moden.模式，方式，風(fēng)格；B選項(xiàng)moundn.高地；土堆；土丘；C選項(xiàng)moodn.語(yǔ)氣，情緒，心境；D選項(xiàng)formn.形式，形態(tài)，模式，表格。根據(jù)句意，現(xiàn)在有了孩子就應(yīng)該改變自己的生活方式。因此正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

21.單選題

TheUnitedNations（）muchtoworldpeaceandorder.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasattributed

B.haveattributed

C.hascontributed

D.havecontributed

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。attribute…to“把……歸因”，contribute…to“對(duì)……作貢獻(xiàn)”。

表示國(guó)家、地名等專(zhuān)用名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式，句意：聯(lián)合國(guó)為世界和平與秩序做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。所以本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

22.單選題

Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetooldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsand,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.Someotherresearcherswhostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthoserewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.

Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparksingrade-schoolchildrensuggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalPersonalityandSocialPsychology.

“Iftheyknowthey’reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,”saysRobertEsenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.“Butit’seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.”

Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Esenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefallinggrades.

Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomics,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.

1.Psychologistsaredividedwithregardtotheirattitudestoward（）.

2.Whatistheviewheldbymanyeducatorsconcerningexternalrewardsforstudents?

3.Accordingtotheresultofthestudymentionedinthepassage,whatshouldeducatorsdotostimulatemotivationandcreativity?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingtotightentheirgradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingfactsabout“tokeneconomics”isNOTcorrect?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thechoicebetweenspiritualencouragementandmonetaryrewards

B.theappropriateamountofexternalrewards

C.thestudyofrelationshipbetweenactions

D.theeffectsofexternalrewardsonstudents’performance

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyapproveofexternalrewards

B.Theydon'tthinkexternalrewards

C.Theyhavedoubtsaboutexternalrewards

D.Theybelieveexternalrewardscanmotivatesmallchildren,butnotcollegestudents

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Giverewardsforperformanceswhichdeservethem

B.Alwayspromiserewards

C.Assigntaskswhicharenotverychallenging

D.Bemoretoleranttostudentswhenmistakesaremade

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.rewardingpoorperformancemaykillstudents'creativity

B.punishmentismoreeffectivethanrewarding

C.failinguninspiredstudentshelpsimprovetheiroverallacademicstandards

D.discouragingthestudents’anticipationforeasyrewardsismatterofurgency

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Studentsareassignedchallengingtasks

B.Rewardsaregivenforgoodperformances

C.Studentsareevaluatedaccordingtotheefforttheyputintothetask

D.Withtokeneconomics,students，creativitycanbeenhanced

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsand,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.Someotherresearcherswhostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthoserewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.研究行為和行為之間關(guān)系的行為主義者認(rèn)為，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)可以提高工作和學(xué)習(xí)表現(xiàn)。其他一些研究精神生活各個(gè)方面的研究人員認(rèn)為，這些獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)會(huì)鼓勵(lì)人們依賴他人的認(rèn)可和禮物，從而破壞創(chuàng)造力。”可知研究者對(duì)于獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)是否能提高工作和學(xué)習(xí)表現(xiàn)持相反意見(jiàn)。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.后一種觀點(diǎn)得到了許多人的支持，尤其是教育工作者。”后一種觀點(diǎn)即第一段提到的反對(duì)觀點(diǎn)。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第三段“Iftheyknowthey’reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,”saysRobertEsenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.“Butit’seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.”如果他們知道自己是為了獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)而工作，并且能夠?qū)Ｗ⒂谝豁?xiàng)相對(duì)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)，他們就會(huì)表現(xiàn)出最大的創(chuàng)造力，”特拉華大學(xué)紐瓦克分校的RobertEsenberger說(shuō)。但如果對(duì)表現(xiàn)不佳的學(xué)生進(jìn)行獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，或者讓學(xué)生對(duì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)有太多的預(yù)期，就很容易扼殺創(chuàng)造力?？芍狢項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由倒數(shù)第二段“Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Esenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefallinggrades.Esenberger認(rèn)為，如果一個(gè)老師不斷地把注意力放在獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)上，或者對(duì)一般的成績(jī)給予高分，那么他最終只能培養(yǎng)出缺乏靈感的學(xué)生。作為后一種觀點(diǎn)的例證，他指出，主要大學(xué)正在努力加強(qiáng)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，恢復(fù)下降的成績(jī)?！笨芍狝項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段“Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomics,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.這位特拉華大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家稱(chēng)，在較早的年級(jí)，所謂的代幣經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)（tokeneconomics）的使用顯示出提高努力程度和創(chuàng)造力的潛力。代幣經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)指的是讓學(xué)生處理具有挑戰(zhàn)性的問(wèn)題，并根據(jù)表現(xiàn)獲得分?jǐn)?shù)，從而獲得有價(jià)值的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)?？芍狟項(xiàng)“對(duì)好的表現(xiàn)給予獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”不正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

23.單選題

Whenyouchoseapieceofcloth,themostimportantthingthatyoushouldpayattentiontoisits______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.textile

B.content

C.style

D.texture

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)textile“紡織品”；B選項(xiàng)content“含量；（書(shū)、講話、節(jié)目等的）主題，主要內(nèi)容”；C選項(xiàng)style“設(shè)計(jì)式樣；（某個(gè)時(shí)期或群體的藝術(shù)）風(fēng)格”；D選項(xiàng)texture“質(zhì)地，手感；口感”。句意：當(dāng)你選擇一塊布的時(shí)候，最重要的是要注意它的質(zhì)地。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里在講如何挑選布料，布料的______非常重要，D選項(xiàng)texture“質(zhì)地，手感”符合題意；而C選項(xiàng)style“設(shè)計(jì)式樣；（某個(gè)時(shí)期或群體的藝術(shù)）風(fēng)格”形容服裝更合適，布料沒(méi)太多設(shè)計(jì)樣式和風(fēng)格可言。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

24.寫(xiě)作題

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingontheremark’'Livingwithoutanaimislikesailingwithoutacompass"Youcangiveexamplestoillustrateyourpointandthenexplainwhatyouwilldotomakeyourlifemoremeaningful.Youshouldwriteatleast200words.PutyouressayonAnswerSheet.PartICloze

【答案】略

25.單選題

Today,mostcountriesintheworldhavecanals.Somecanals,suchastheSuezorthePanama,（1）shipsweeksontimebymakingtheirvoyageathousandmilesshorter.Othercanalspermitboatstoreachcitiesthatarenotlocatedonthecoast（2）othercanalsdrainlandswherethereistoomuchwater,helpor（3）fieldswherethereisnotenoughwater.

The（4）ofacanaldependsonthekindofboatsgoingthroughit.Thecanalmustbewideenoughtopermittwoofthe（5）boatsusingitto（6）eachothereasily.Itmustbedeepenoughtoleaveabouttwofeetofwater（7）thekeelofthelargestboatusingthecanal.

Somecanalshaveslopingsides,whileothershavesidesthatarenearly（8）canalsthatarecutthroughrockcanhavenearlyverticalsides.（9）canalswithearthbanksmay（10）iftheangleoftheirsidesistoosteep.Somecanalsarelinedwithbrick,stone,orconcretetokeepthewater（11）soakingintothemud.Thisalsopermitsshipstogoat（12）speeds,sincetheycannotmakethebanksfallinby（13）upthewater.Insmallcanalswithmudbanks,shipsandbarges(大平底船)must（14）theirspeed.

Whenthecanalgoes（15）differentlevelsofwater,theshipsmustbe（16）orloweredfromoneleveltotheother.Thisisgenerallydoneby（17）oflocks.Ifashipwantstogouptohigherwater,thelowerendofthelockopenstolettheboatin.Thenthisgatecloses,andthewaterisletintothelockchamberfromtheupperlevel.Thisraisedthelevelofthewaterinthelock.（18）itisthesameastheupperlevelofwater.Nowtheuppergatescanbeopenedto（19）theshipintothehigherwater.Sometimesacanalcontainsaseriesoflockswhenthe（20）inlevelsisverygreat.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.take

B.save

C.cost

D.waste

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Some

B.Many

C.Even

D.Still

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.disperse

B.drain

C.irrigate

D.flood

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.width

B.depth

C.length

D.size

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.largest

B.longest

C.heaviest

D.tallest

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.pass

B.encounter

C.overtake

D.confront

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.down

B.beneath

C.above

D.below

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.flat

B.straight

C.vertical

D.horizontal

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.Meanwhile

B.Hence

C.Therefore

D.However

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.collide

B.corrupt

C.crumble

D.deteriorate

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.away

B.from

C.down

D.off

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.slower

B.faster

C.lower

D.greater

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.revolving

B.stirring

C.mixing

D.rotating

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.limit

B.confine

C.decrease

D.increase

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.across

B.along

C.down

D.through

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.raised

B.promoted

C.hoisted

D.alleviated

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.ways

B.methods

C.means

D.approaches

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.after

B.until

C.by

D.during

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.free

B.retrieve

C.release

D.expose

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.distance

B.variance

C.contrast

D.difference

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題: