考研考博-英語-北京經貿職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京經貿職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thehistoryoffilmreflectsthe（

）inherentinthemediumitself:filmcombinesstillphotographstorepresentcontinuousmotionand,whileseemingtopresentlifeitself,canalsoofferimpossibleanddreamlikeunrealities.

問題1選項

A.trivialities

B.biases

C.constraints

D.paradoxes

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。triviality“淺薄，輕浮，瑣事”；bias“偏見，偏愛”；constraint“約束，局促”；paradox“悖論，反論，似非而是的論點，自相矛盾的人或事”。句意：電影的歷史反映了這種媒體本身具備的矛盾：電影將靜止的照片結合在一起區(qū)別表現(xiàn)連續(xù)的動作，而當呈現(xiàn)生活時，也經常提供一些不可能的和不真實的東西。選項D符合題意。

2.單選題

Thechairmanwasaskedtoresign,（

）totallyunfitforhispost.

問題1選項

A.havingconsidered

B.considering

C.tobeconsidered

D.beingconsidered

【答案】D

【解析】分析句子可知，逗號前后沒有連接詞，所以逗號后面不能是完整的句子，這里是分詞短語做狀語，前后為因果關系，所以選項C目的狀語可首先排除；再根據句意可知，這里表被動，所以選項D正確。句意：主席被要求辭職，因為他被認為完全不適合這個職位。

3.單選題

AlandingonMarsiswithinthe（）ofcurrentphysicaltheory.

問題1選項

A.scheme

B.scope

C.scrap

D.scale

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項scheme“計劃，詭計”；B選項scope“范圍，視野”；C選項scrap“碎片，殘余物”；D選項scale“規(guī)模，比例”。句意：在火星上著陸在目前物理理論的范圍之內。選項B符合語境。

4.單選題

Themostsuccessfulwaytosolvethelanguageproblemwhileaforeignplayisbeingperformedis（

）translation.

問題1選項

A.homogeneous

B.simultaneous

C.instantaneous

D.spontaneous

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項homogeneous“均勻的，同質的”；B選項simultaneous“同時的”；C選項instantaneous“瞬間的”；D選項spontaneous“自發(fā)的，無意識的”。句意：解決外交活動中的語言問題最成功的方法是同聲傳譯。選項B符合句意。

5.翻譯題

Therolesofadmissionintotheworldeconomynotonlyreflectlittleawarenessofdevelopingpriorities,theyareoftencompletelyunrelatedtosensibleeconomicprinciples.Forinstance,WTOagreementsonantidumping,subsidiesandcountervailingmeasures,agriculture,textiles,andtrade-relatedintellectualpropertyrightslackanyeconomicrationalebeyondthemercantilistinterestofanarrowsetofpowerfulgroupsinadvancedindustrialcountries.Bilateralandregionaltradeagreementsaretypicallyfarworse,astheyimposeeventighterprerequisitesondevelopingcountriesinreturnforcrumbsofenhanced“marketaccess”.Forexample,theAfricanGrowthandOpportunityActsignedbyU.S.PresidentClintoninMay2000providesincreasedaccesstotheU.S.marketonlyifAfricanapparelmanufacturersuseU.S.producedfabricandyams.ThisrestrictionseverelylimitsthepotentialeconomicspilloverinAfricancountries.

【答案】加入世界經濟的作用在于不僅反映出人們對發(fā)展重點的認識不足，而且往往與合理的經濟原則完全無關。例如，WTO關于反傾銷、補貼和反補貼措施、農業(yè)、紡織品以及與貿易有關的知識產權等的協(xié)議，除了發(fā)達工業(yè)國家中少數強大集團的重商主義利益之外，缺乏其他任何經濟依據。而雙邊和區(qū)域貿易協(xié)定通常要糟糕得多，因為它們要求發(fā)展中國家滿足更嚴格的先決條件，來換取少量的“市場準入”。例如，美國總統(tǒng)克林頓2000年5月簽署的《非洲增長與機會法案》規(guī)定，非洲服裝制造商只有使用美國生產的織物和棉紗，才能擴大進入美國市場的機會。這一限制嚴重限制了非洲國家潛在的經濟溢出效應。

6.單選題

Oneoftheseriousproblemsfacingusis（）ofhowtogetmorewaterformantouse.

問題1選項

A.that

B.it

C.which

D.what

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我們面臨的一個嚴重問題是如何獲得更多的水供人類使用。

語法題?？疾閺木??？崭窈竺媸莍s的表語，因此后面部分只能是名詞性結構或者從句。這里用that指代前面的problem，故選A。

7.單選題

Youmayneverexperienceanearthquakeoravolcaniceruptioninyourlife,butyouwill（）changesintheland.

問題1選項

A.adapt

B.adopt

C.witness

D.define

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項adapt“適應，改編”；B選項adopt“采取，接受”；C選項witness“目擊，見證”；D選項define“定義，規(guī)定”。句意：在你的生命中你可能從來沒有經歷過地震或火山爆發(fā)，但是你將見證這片土地的變化。選項C符合語境。

8.單選題

Itwas（

）thattherestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers.

問題1選項

A.addicted

B.assaulted

C.alleged

D.ascribed

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項addict“使沉迷”；B選項assault“攻擊、襲擊”；C選項allege“宣稱，斷言”；D選項ascribe“歸于”。這里重點考查的是固定搭配itisallegedthat意思是“據指稱，有人稱”。根據從句部分“therestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers”可知空格部分意思為“據說，據稱”，句意為：據說這家旅店歧視黑人顧客。選項C符合句子語境意思。

9.單選題

Patentmedicinesalesmenhaveclaimedtohave（

）foralltypesofailments,fromcancertobaldnesstothecommoncold.

問題1選項

A.riddles

B.quandaries

C.remedies

D.remnant

【答案】C

【解析】riddle謎語，謎一般的人、東西、事情等；quandary困惑，窘境，為難；remedy補救，治療；remnant剩余。句意：專利藥品的銷售人員聲稱他們有治療各種疾病的方法，從癌癥到禿頂再到普通感冒。選項C符合句意。

10.單選題

Allthedatasentbackfromthesatellitessuggestedthatanasteroidofaboutthesizeofanauditorium（）onitswaytoourplanet.

問題1選項

A.is

B.was

C.were

D.be

【答案】B

【解析】考查謂語動詞使用的一致性。that接在動詞后面充當句中的賓語從句。主句使用的是一般過去式，賓語從句中的謂語動詞，應與主句的時態(tài)保持一致。因此空格處應使用be動詞的過去式was/were。從句中的主語是anasteroid“一顆小行星”為單數，所以應使用was。句意：從衛(wèi)星發(fā)來的所有數據表明一顆像禮堂一樣大小的行星正在向我們的星球靠近。因此B選項符合題意。

11.單選題

FollowingtheguidelinesforspeakingandvotingestablishedbythebookRobert'sRulesofOrder,（

）duringthemeeting.

問題1選項

A.andavoidlargedecision-makingorganizations’proceduralcanfusion

B.largedecision-makingorganizationsavoidproceduralconfusion

C.isproceduralconfusionavoidedbylargedecision-makingorganizations

D.areavoidingproceduralconfusioninlargedecision-makingorganizations

【答案】B

【解析】考查主謂結構。題干主語為Followingtheguidelines，其后的forspeakingandvotingestablishedbythebookRobert'sRulesofOrder是后置定語。句意：遵循羅伯特的《議事規(guī)則》這本書里的指導方針，大型決策機構可以避免會議中的程序混亂。C項意思不符，D項主謂不一致，A項結構不對，故答案為B。

12.單選題

Theconceptof"civilsociety"hasplayedacentralroleintherecentglobaldebateaboutthepreconditionsfordemocracyanddemocratization.Inthenewerdemocraciesthisphrasehasproperlyfocusedattentionontheneedtofosteravibrantciviclifeinsoilstraditionallyinhospitabletoself-government.Intheestablisheddemocracies,ironically,growingnumbersofcitizensarequestioningtheeffectivenessoftheirpublicinstitutionsattheverymomentwhenliberaldemocracyhassweptthebattlefield,bothideologicallyandgeopolitically.InAmerica,atleast,thereisreasontosuspectthatthisdemocraticdisarraymaybelinkedtoabroadandcontinuingerosionofcivicengagementthatbeganaquarter-centuryago.Highonourscholarlyagendashouldbethequestionofwhetheracomparableerosionofsocialcapitalmaybeunderwayinotheradvanceddemocracies,perhapsindifferentinstitutionalandbehavioralguises.HighonAmerica'sagendashouldbethequestionofhowtoreversetheseadversetrendsinsocialconnectedness,thusrestoringcivicengagementandcivictrust.

InBowlingAlone(2000)Putnamfollowedupwithacomprehensiveexplorationofasubstantialarrayofdatasources.Theevidencebegantolookconvincing.Firstintherealmofcivicengagementandsocialconnectednesshewasabletodemonstratethat,forexample,overthelastthreedecadesofthetwentiethcenturytherehadbeenaFundamentalshiftin:

Politicalandcivicengagement.Voting:politicalknowledge,politicaltrust,andgrassrootspoliticalactivismamalldown.Americanssign30percentfewerpetitionsandare40percentlesslikelytojoinaconsumerboycott,ascomparedtojustadecadeortwoago.Thedeclinesareequallyvisibleinnon-politicalcommunitylife:membershipandactivityinallsortsoflocalclubsandcivicandreligiousorganizationshavebeenfallingatanacceleratingpace.Inthemid-1970stheaverageAmericanattendedsomeclubmeetingeverymonth,by1998thatrateofattendancehadbeencutbynearly60percent.

Informalsocialties.In1975theaverageAmericanentertainedfriendsathome15timesperyear;theequivalentfigure(1998)isnowbarelyhalfthat.Virtuallyallleisureactivitiesthatinvolvedoingsomethingwithsomeoneelse,fromplayingvolleyballtoplayingchambermusic,aredeclining.

Toleranceandtrust.AlthoughAmericansaremoretolerantofoneanotherthanwerepreviousgenerations,theytrustoneanotherless.Surveydataprovideonemeasureofthegrowthofdishonestyanddistrust,butthereareotherindicators.Forexample,employmentopportunitiesforpolice,lawyers,andsecuritypersonnelwerestagnantformostofthiscentury-indeed,Americahadfewerlawyerspercapitain1970thanin1900.Inthelastquartercenturytheseoccupationsboomed,aspeoplehaveincreasinglyturnedtothecourtsandthepolice.

Hewentontoexaminethepossiblereasonsforthisdecline.Crucially,hewasabletodemonstratethatsomefavoritecandidatesforblamecouldnotberegardedassignificant.Residentialmobilityhadactuallybeendecliningforthelasthalfofthecentury.Timepressure,especiallyontwo-careerfamilies,couldonlybeamarginalcandidate.Somefamiliarthemesremainedthough:

Changesinfamilystructure(i.e.withmoreandmorepeoplelivingalone),areapossibleelementasconventionalavenuestocivicinvolvementarenotwell-designedforsingleandchildlesspeople.Suburbansprawlhasfracturedthespatialintegrityofpeople’s.Theytravelmuchfurthertowork,shopandenjoyleisureopportunities.Asaresultthereislesstimeavailable(andlessinclination)tobecomeinvolvedingroups.Suburbansprawlisaverysignificantcontributor.

Electronicentertainment,especiallytelevision,hasprofoundlyprivatizedleisuretime.Thetimewespendwatchingtelevisionisadirectdrainuponinvolvementingroupsandsocialcapitalbuildingactivities.Itmaycontributeupto40percentofthedeclineininvolvementingroups.

However,generationalchangecameoutasaverysignificantfactor.A“l(fā)ongcivicgeneration,"borninthefirstthirdofthetwentiethcentury,isnowpassingfromtheAmericanscene."Theirchildrenandgrandchildren(babyboomersandGenerationX-ers)aremuchlessengagedinmostformsofcommunitylife.Forexample,thegrowthinvolunteeringoverthelasttenyearsisduealmostentirelytoincreasedvolunteeringbyretireesfromthelongcivicgeneration".Thebookalsoexplorestheconsequencesofadeclineinsocialcapital(andthebenefitsenjoyedbythosecommunitieswithasubstantialstockofit),andwhatcanbedone.

Variouscriticismscanbemountedagainsttheargument-andmosttellingly,initially,againstthedataanditsinterpretation-however,Putnamhasmountedaverysignificantandsustainedcasehere-butitisstillopentovariouscriticisms.

1.Accordingtothetext,whichoneofthefollowingstatementistrue?

2.WhichpositionwasNOTstagnantformostofthiscenturyaccordingtoPutnam’sexploration?

3.WhatisthechangeonsigningpetitionsandjoiningboycottsinAmerica?

4.Howdoesthefamilystructureinfluencepeople'scivicinvolvement?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeauthors’opiniononPutnam'sexploration?

問題1選項

A.Americansarenowtendingtotakingpartinnon-politicalactivitiesratherthanpoliticalactivities.

B.Currentcomplaintsindemocraciesmainlyfocusontheintegrityofgovernmentandpoliticians.

C.Americansaremoretolerantofoneanotherthanbeforewhiletheytrusteachotherless.

D.Thereisnoproofthatsuburbansprawlhasanythingtodowithpeople’sinvolvementingroups.

問題2選項

A.Policeofficer

B.Attorneys

C.Securityguard

D.Nursingassistant

問題3選項

A.Peoplesign30%fewerpetitionsandjoin40%fewerboycotts.

B.Peoplesign40%fewerpetitionsandjoin30%fewerboycotts.

C.Peoplesign40%morepetitionsandjoin30%moreboycotts.

D.Peoplesign30%morepetitionsandjoin40%moreboycotts.

問題4選項

A.PeoplefinditmoreinterestingspendingtimewatchingTVratherthangoingoutside.

B.Traditionalwaysoftakingpartincivicactivitiesarepoorforsingleandchildlesscouples.

C.Contradictionsbetweenfamilymemberspreventpeoplefromcivicinvolvement.

D.Ittakestoomuchtimeforpeopletoenjoyleisureopportunities.

問題5選項

A.Itisenoughforustodrawaconclusiononcivicengagementandsocialconnectedness.

B.Morediscussionsarestillneededinsolvingtheproblemsofcivilsociety.

C.ThecaseofAmericanscanbeappliedtomorecountriesandregions.

D.Itisanoverduereportforsocialandethnologicalstudy.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.事實細節(jié)題。第五段指出：AlthoughAmericansaremoretolerantofoneanotherthanwerepreviousgenerations,theytrustoneanotherless(盡管美國人比前幾代人對彼此更加寬容，但他們對彼此的信任卻減少了)，因此，C項“美國人彼此比從前更加寬容和包容，但是彼此間的信任卻減少了”正確。

第2題:2.事實細節(jié)題。根據題干關鍵詞stagnant可定位至第五段“…employmentopportunitiesforpolice,lawyers,andsecuritypersonnelwerestagnant”，警察、律師和保安人員的就業(yè)前景變得昏暗。因此，本題選D項“護理助理”。

第3題:3.事實細節(jié)題。第三段指出：Americanssign30percentfewerpetitionsandare40percentlesslikelytojoinaconsumerboycott(美國人簽署的請愿書不到30%，40%的人不那么想參加消費者抵制活動了)，由此可知A項“簽署的請愿書的人不到30%，參與消費者抵制活動的人不到40%”正確。

第4題:4.事實細節(jié)題。題干問的是:家庭結構如何影響人們的公民參與？A：人們發(fā)現(xiàn)看電視比參加戶外活動更有趣。這不是“家庭結構”這一要素所產生的影響，故排除。B：因為傳統(tǒng)參與公共活動的方式不適合單身的和沒孩子的人群。第七段指出：...asconventionalavenuestocivicinvolvementarenotwell-designedforsingleandchildlesspeople(因為傳統(tǒng)參與公共活動的方式不適合單身的和沒孩子的人群)。因此B項正確。C：家庭成員之間的矛盾，使得人們無法參與公共活動，文章并未提及。D：人們沒有太多的時間享受休閑時光。第七段指出：Suburbansprawlhasfracturedthespatialintegrityofpeople's.Theytravelmuchfurthertowork,shopandenjoyleisureopportunities.Asaresultthereislesstimeavailable（andlessinclination）tobecomeinvolvedingroups（市郊的擴張割裂了人們生活空間的完整性。人們必須長途跋涉到更遠的地方去工作、購物和享受閑暇時光。因此，參與團體的時間更少（傾向也更少））。因此D項不正確。綜上所述，本題選B。

第5題:5.判斷推理題。最后一段表明：針對這一論點，有各種各樣的批評——最能說明問題的是，最初的批評是針對數據及其解釋的——然而，普特南提出了一個非常重要和持久的論點——但是目前還無法給出一個定論。因此B項“要解決公民社會的問題，還需要大量的討論”正確。

13.單選題

UndertheBushadministrationAmericahasgonefromapolicyof“dualcontainment”ofIranandIraqtooneapproachingdualfailure.ItremovedtheironruleofSaddamHussein,butcreatedananarchicvoidinIraqintowhichIranhasextendeditsinfluence.ExhaustedbytheinsurgencyinIraq,AmericanowstruggletodealwiththemoreacutethreatofweaponsofmassdestructionposedbyIran’snuclearprogramme.America’sAraballiesmaybeterrifiedbythestrengtheningofIran，buttheyareevenmoreterrifiedbytheprospectofAmericanmilitaryactiontodestroyIran’snuclearfacilities.

InEuropethereisadegreeofacceptancethat,soonerorlater,theworldmayhavetodealwithanuclear-armedIran.SomeintheBushadministrationthough,regardthatprospectasevenmorehorrendousthantheconsequencesofattackingIran,whichmayincludemoreinstabilityinIraqandelsewhere,moreterrorismandthedisruptionofoilfromthePersianGulf.Thereisnocertainly,moreover,abouthowfarmilitarystrikescansetbackthenuclearprogramme,ifatall.

GeorgeBushhasrepeatedlysaidthat“allopinions”remainonhistable,bywhichhemeanstheuseofmilitaryforce.Buttheoneoptionhehasseemedlesskeenonistheidea,advocatedbymanyofseekinga“grandbargain”withIranonawholerangeofdisputes,fromthenuclearquestiontopeacewithIsrael.WhenAmericawasstrong,itfeltitdidnotneedtodealwithIran.Nowitisworriedbytheprospectoflookingweak.

Nevertheless,therehasbeenarealchangeofpolicysincethedayswhenMr.BushsaidIranwaspartofthe“axisofevil”.HisadministrationhasofferedtojoinnucleartalksifIransuspendsuraniumenrichment.RayTakeyh,anexpertonIran,arguesinthelatestissueofForeignAffairssays:bettertodealwiththepragmatists,andstrengthenthem,ratherthangivefreereintotheradicals.Hemayormaynotberight.

1.Accordingtothepassage,Americafailedto(

).

2.Thephrase“thatprospect”(Line2,Para3)refersto

(

)

.

3.

RayTakeyhurgedtheAmericagovernmentto(

)

.

問題1選項

A.containeitherIranofIraq

B.extenditsinfluenceinIran

C.createdananarchicvoidinIraq

D.removetheruleofSaddamHussein

問題2選項

A.AmericanmilitaryactiononIran

B.setbackinIran’snuclearprogram

C.anIranarmedwithnuclearweapons

D.America’sthreatinIran’sweapons

問題3選項

A.stopseeingIranaspartof“theaxisofevil”

B.holdnucleartalkswithIranwithnoconditions

C.suspendtheuraniumenrichmentprograminIran

D.adoptapragmaticratherradicalapproachtoIran

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。題干：根據這篇文章，美國沒有做到______。第一段第二句說到“ItremovedtheironruleofSaddamHussein,butcreatedananarchicvoidinIraqintowhichIranhasextendeditsinfluence”，說明美國推倒了薩達姆的統(tǒng)治，在伊拉克造成了統(tǒng)治空白，伊朗趁機擴大了影響力，選項A、C、D都是美國做成的，但是B選項沒有。因此B選項符合題意。

2.指代題。第二段第一句“InEuropethereisadegreeofacceptablethat,soonerorlater,theworldmayhavetodealwithanuclear-armedIran”說到伊朗核武器的問題讓整個歐洲擔心。因此“thatprospect”說的就是“擁有核武器的伊朗”，C選項符合題意。

3.觀點題。題干：RayTakeyh敦促美國政府______。文章最后一段提到“bettertodealwiththepragmatists,andstrengthenthem,ratherthangivefreereintotheradicals”，更好的辦法是，與伊朗方面的實用派談判，而不是放任激進派。因此D選項符合題意。

14.寫作題

Differentfromtheblindoptimismintheachievementsofmodernsciencethroughoutthe20thcentury,moreandmorepeoplearebeginningtorealizethedestructiveeffectsofscientificprogressuponhumansociety.Manyevenbelievethatwhateverbenefitssciencebringstohumanity,itwillalsobringaboutthemostinhumanviolencetoanimalsandeveryimaginablesortofhorriblemeddlingwithhumanlife.Nowyouaresupposedtowriteanessayinnofewerthan300wordstoshowwhetheryouagreewithsuchabelief.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organizationgrammarandappropriateness.

【答案】【參考范文】

Throughoutthecenturiestothehistoryofscientificdevelopment,scienceandtechnologyhasbeenagreatprogresscomparedtotheprevious,weliveintheeraofrapidchangesinscienceandtechnology,hasfelttheconveniencebroughtbytechnology.Indeed,technologyhasbroughtusalotofbenefits,butalsobroughtmanydisadvantages.Personally,Ithinkthesedisadvantagesarerealandcannotbeignored.Whatweneedtodoistotreatthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologycorrectlyandbringoutitsmaximumpositivesignificance.

Ontheonehand,thankstothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,ourlivescanbegreatlyenrichedandmadeeasier.Electriclights,newmeansoftransportation,theinventionoftheInternet—thereisnoonewhohasnotbenefitedfromthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Whenyousitathomeandtapthemouse,youareabletocommunicateface-to-facewithyourrelativesinfarawayplaces;whenyouareontheroadoftravel,holdingthesteeringwheeltightly,youareabletotravelalloverthecountryandenjoythescenery;whenyoustayinahotelandpresstheremotecontroloftheairconditionerleisurely,youenjoythepleasureofwarmthandcoolness.Comparedwiththepast,humanhealthandlivingstandardshavechangedalot.Technologyhasbroughtustoomuchconvenienceandmadegreatprogressinhumandevelopment.

Ontheotherhand,asthesayinggoes,“Thingswilldevelopintheoppositedirectionwhentheybecomeextreme.”Ifanythinggoodisusedtoexcessandtakentotheextreme,therewillbea“double-edgedsword”effect,andthesameistrueforscience.ThedevelopmentofphysicaltheoryhasenabledmankindtomasternuclearenergytechnologybutalsobroughtaboutthenucleardisastersofHiroshimaandNagasaki,wheremankindhadtheabilitytodestroyitselfforthefirsttime.Thedevelopmentofchemistryhasgivenustheunprecedentedabilitytotransformnature,butourgunpowderandexplosiveshavealsoharmedtensofmillionsofourfellowhumanbeings.Advancesinoilexplorationtechnologyhaveallowedmankindtoadvanceatamuchfasterpace.Wehavebeenabletoflyfasterthanthespeedofsound,butthishasalsobroughttoomanywarsandtoomuchstrife,andmadetheearthstarttocatchafever.Atthesametime,theatmospherehasbeendamaged,waterhasbeenpolluted,andenvironmentalproblemsarebecomingincreasinglyserious,causingmanyplantsandanimalstolosetheirhabitats.

Allinall,technologicaldevelopmenthasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.However,weshouldneitherblindlydevelopscienceandtechnologyregardlessoftheconsequencesbecauseitisbeneficial,norshouldwegotostopthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologybecauseithasdisadvantages.Scienceandtechnologyarethegreatdrivingforceofhumansocialprogressonlywhentheyareinbalancewithpeople’sneedsandhumannature.Humanbeingsshouldmakefulluseofthepositiveeffectsofscienceandtechnologyandtrytolimitandovercomethenegativeeffectsbroughtbyscienceandtechnologyinthecontinuouspracticeofunderstandingnatureandtransformingit.

15.單選題

Perhapsthemoststrikingqualityofsatiricliteratureisitsfreshness,itsoriginalityofperspective.Satirerarelyoffersoriginalideas.Instead,itpresentsthefamiliarinanewform.Satiristsdonotoffertheworldnewphilosophies.Whattheydoistolookatfamiliarconditionsformaperspectivethatmakestheseconditionsseemfoolish,harmfuloraffected.Satirejarsusoutofcomplacenceintoapleasantlyshockedrealizationthatmanyofthevaluesweunquestioninglyacceptarefalse.DonQuixotemakeschivalryseemabsurd;BraveNewWorldridiculesthepretensionsofscience;AModestproposaldramatizedstarvationbyadvocatingcannibalism.Noneoftheseideasisoriginal.ChivalrywassuspectbeforeCervantes,humanistsobjectedtotheclaimsofpuresciencebeforeAldousHuxleyandpeoplewereawareoffaminebeforeSwift.Itwasnottheoriginalityoftheideasthatmadethesesatirespopular.Itwasthemannerofexpression,thesatiricmethodthatmadetheminterestingandentertaining.Satiresarereadbecausetheyareaestheticallysatisfyingworksofart,notbecausetheyaremorallywholesomeorethicallyinstructive.Theyarestimulatingandrefreshingbecausewithcommonsensebrisknesstheybrushawayillusionsandsecondhandopinions.Withspontaneousirreverence,satirerearrangesperspectives,scramblesfamiliarobjectsintoincongruouscombinationandspeaksinapersonalidiominsteadofabstractplatitude.

Satireexistsbecausethereisneedforit.Ithaslivedbecausereadersappreciatearefreshingstimulus,anirreverentreminderthattheylivedinaworldofplatitudinousthinking,cheapmoralizing,andfoolishphilosophy.Satireservestoprodpeopleintoanawarenessoftruth,thoughrarelytoanyactiononbehalfoftruth.Satiretendstoremindpeoplethatmuchofwhattheysee,hear,andreadinpopularmediaissanctimonious,sentimental,andonlypartiallytrue.Liferesemblesinonlyaslightdegreethepopularimageofit.Soldiersrarelyholdtheidealsthatmoviesattributetothem,nordoordinarycitizensdevotetheirlivestounselfishserviceofhumanity.Intelligentpeopleknowthesethingsbuttendtoforgetthemwhentheydonothearthemexpressed.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whichofthefollowingcanbefoundinsatireliterature?

3.Accordingtothepassage,thereisaneedforsatirebecausepeopleneedtobe（

）.

4.Asaresultofreadingsatiricliterature,readerwillbemostlikelyto（

）.

5.ThevariouspurposedofsatireincludeallofthefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

問題1選項

A.Difficultiesofwritingsatiricliterature.

B.Populartopicsofsatire.

C.Newphilosophiesemergingfromsatiricliterature.

D.Reasonsforthepopularityofsatire.

問題2選項

A.Newlyemergingphilosophies.

B.Oddcombinationsofobjectsandideas.

C.Abstractdiscussionofmoralandethnics.

D.Wholesomecharacterswhoareunselfish.

問題3選項

A.informedaboutnewscientificdevelopments

B.exposedtooriginalphilosophieswhentheyareformulated

C.remindedthatpopularideasareofteninaccurate

D.toldhowtheycanbeofservicetotheircommunities

問題4選項

A.teachthemselvestowritefiction

B.acceptconventionalpointsofview

C.becomebetterinformedaboutcurrentaffairs

D.reexaminetheiropinionsandvalues

問題5選項

A.introducingreaderstounfamiliarsituations

B.brushingawayillusion

C.remindingreadersofthetruth

D.exposingfalsevalues

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段主要講諷刺文學的特點，諷刺作品的一些特性。第二段第一句提到了諷刺作品存在是因為人們對它有需求。綜合理解全文，文章主要是在分析諷刺作品流行，被人廣泛地接受的原因。故正確答案選D。選項A、B文章沒有提及，選項C意思與文章第一段第四句的描述相反。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第一段第四句“Satiristsdonotoffertheworldnewphilosophies.諷刺作家沒有為世界貢獻新的哲學”排除A，文章第一段倒數第三句“Satiresarereadbecausetheyareaestheticallysatisfyingworksofart,notbecausetheyaremorallywholesomeorethicallyinstructive.人們讀諷刺作品是因為在審美上它們是令人滿意的文學作品，而不是因為道德的完美和倫理的說教”，由此可以排除C。選項D文章并未提及。故正確答案選B。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)推斷題。定位到文章第二段第二句“Ithaslivedbecausereadersappreciatearefreshingstimulus,anirreverentreminderthattheylivedinaworldofplatitudinousthinking,cheapmoralizing,andfoolishphilosophy.它的存在是因為讀者欣賞使人耳目一新的刺激，直接向人們指出我們生活在一個思想平凡、道德廉價和哲學愚蠢的世界里”，由此可判斷，正確答案選C。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)推斷題。定位到文章第一段倒數第二句“Theyarestimulatingandrefreshingbecausewithcommonsensebrisknesstheybrushawayillusionsandsecondhandopinions.Withspontaneousirreverence,satirerearrangesperspectives,...它們啟發(fā)人生，使人耳目一新是因為它們用簡明的常識洗刷去了幻覺和舊的常識。諷刺作品用自然的嘲諷態(tài)度重新設置了觀點，……”，由此可知，閱讀諷刺文學的讀者，會重新看待舊的常識和事物，重新審視自身具有的觀點。選項D符合題意。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)推斷題。定位到文章第一段第五句“Whattheydoistolookatfamiliarconditionsformaperspectivethatmakestheseconditionsseemfoolish,harmfuloraffected.他們所做的是采取這樣一種立場看待熟悉的環(huán)境，使得它們看上去愚蠢、有害或者造作?！笨芍x項A并不是諷刺文學作品寫作的目的。故正確答案選A。

16.填空題

Peoplewithdepressionmayhavelowself-esteem,asenseofhopelessnessaboutthefuture,andalackofinterestinpeopleandactivitiesoncefound________.(pleasure)

【答案】pleasurable

【解析】【考查點】形容詞。

【解題思路】oncefound________是修飾peopleandactivities的后置定語，指的是曾經讓抑郁癥患者感到愉快的人和活動，橫線所在內容修飾peopleandactivities，應為形容詞，pleasurable的意思為“愉快的”，符合語境。

【句意】抑郁癥患者可能自尊心較低，對未來感到絕望，對曾經令其愉快的人和活動缺乏興趣。

17.單選題

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmaimersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Youmighttoleratetheoddroadhog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign;otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadpolitenessisnotgoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcoolheadedandgoodtemperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedrivewhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.

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