考研考博-英語-昆山杜克大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-昆山杜克大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesameconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930’swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubstance,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultipleearners,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsaretheelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffers.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandinkindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.

Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.

1.Whatdoesthe“l(fā)abormarketproblems”referto?

2.Theauthorcontraststhe1930'swiththepresentinordertoshowthat（

）.

3.Theauthor'spurposeincitingthosewhoarerepeatedlyunemployedduringayearismostprobablytoshowthat（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,onefactorthatcausesoursocietytooverestimatethedegreeofeconomichardshipisthe（

）.

問題1選項

A.ATheoverallcausesofpoverty

B.Deficienciesinthetrainingoftheworkforce

C.Traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods

D.Shortageofjobsprovidingadequateincome

問題2選項

A.morepeoplewereemployedinthe1930's

B.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow.

C.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects

D.nowthereisagreaterproportion

問題3選項

A.thereareseveralfactorsthatcausethepaymentoflowwagestosomemembersofthelaborforce

B.unemploymentstatisticscanunderestimatethehardshipthepoorworkerssuffer

C.recurrentunemploymentinthelabormarketcancausehardshipsforindividualworkers

D.amajorityofthosewhoarejoblessatanytimedoesnotsufferseverehardship

問題4選項

A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflow-wageworkers.

B.factthatunemploymentcountsdonotincludethosewhoworkforlowwages

C.establishmentofasystemofrecordkeepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatistics

D.prevalenceofsecondaryearnersamonglow-wageworkersandtheunemployed

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.語義題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)abormarketproblems”定位到第一段第一句“有多少人因為勞動力市場問題而遭受不幸呢?”下文隨即指出“Unemploymentdoesnothavethesameconsequencestoday.如今失業(yè)不會帶來同樣的后果?！庇纱丝芍@里的勞動市場問題指的是失業(yè)，選項D符合原文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)下文“不斷增加的財富、不止一個收入者的家庭增多、失業(yè)人群中中等收入者的優(yōu)勢日益顯現(xiàn)，以及社會福利保障的改善，這些都毫無疑問地減輕了失業(yè)的后果。”由此可推斷，作者是想表達(dá)現(xiàn)在的失業(yè)問題所帶來的影響沒有那么嚴(yán)重。選項C正確。

3.作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到第二段的內(nèi)容，本段的中心句為段落首句“Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.然而，我們的社會統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)在許多方面低估了與勞動力市場相關(guān)的困難程度。”接下來進(jìn)行舉例說明。由此可知，作者提到那些一年內(nèi)多次失業(yè)的人，是為了表明統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)低估了貧困工人所遭受的苦難，所以選項B正確。

4.判斷推理題。原文第一段指出社會統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)在許多方面夸大了困難的程度，然后在第一段最后一句指出，計算在貧困統(tǒng)計之內(nèi)的人大部分是年老者、殘疾人或者由于家庭負(fù)擔(dān)不能進(jìn)入勞務(wù)市場者，因此這些貧困統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)根本就不能精確地反映出勞動力市場所存在的問題。由此可推斷，之所以會高估經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的程度，是因為建立了記錄系統(tǒng)，使得編撰貧窮統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)成為可能，這些數(shù)據(jù)不一定是真實情況的反映，所以選項C正確。

2.單選題

Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistisreflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedtojournalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stressthe“howto"aspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontexts,andimplications.Muchofthe"howto"materialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknow,injournalismasinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.

Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcasting,butverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhand,manygeneraltestsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewingotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempiricalaspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodernWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinthepositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosisandtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.Anotherfamiliarsimilarsituationisthejobinterview.However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybyTelevision.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaders,listeners,andviewers.Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.Muchresearchhasbeendoneoninterviewsingeneral,（

）.

3.MostoftheWesternersmaynothavebeeninterviewedbythemassmedia

（

）.

4.Itismostlikelythatthepassageispartof（

）.

問題1選項

A.Personalexperiencesandgeneralimpressionsshouldbeexcludedfromjournalisticinterviews.

B.Conceptsandjournalisticinterviews.

C.Priorityshouldbegivetothesystematicstudyofjournalisticinterviewing.

D.Contextualimplicationsandgeneralprinciplesshouldbethemainconcern.

問題2選項

A.andthetrainingofjournalisticinterviewershaslikewisebeenstrengthened.

B.butjournalisticinterviewingasaspecificfieldhasunfortunatelybeenneglected

C.sothestudyoftheinterviewingtechniqueshasn'treceivedmuchattention

D.sotherehasbeenadramaticgrowthinthestudyofjournalisticinterviewing

問題3選項

A.andtheydon'thopetohavethechancetobeinterviewed.

B.andtheywouldliketohaveatrueunderstandingofit

C.thoughmostofthemwishtostayawayfromit.

D.thoughtheyarefamiliarwiththejournalisticinterview.

問題4選項

A.anewsarticle

B.apreface

C.ajournalisticinterview

D.aresearchreport

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者首先提出關(guān)于采訪的重要性和重點的書籍都是強(qiáng)調(diào)的如何做采談，而不是采訪的概念及其系統(tǒng)的研究，最后作者提出“新聞和其他領(lǐng)域一樣，可以從系統(tǒng)的專業(yè)實踐學(xué)習(xí)到很多東西。”也就是說，對新聞采訪的系統(tǒng)研究應(yīng)放在首位。所以選項C正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的三四句“Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.不幸的是，這些關(guān)于采訪的大量文獻(xiàn)很少關(guān)注新聞采訪?！边x項B符合原文，所以正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容“First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodernWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinthepositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.首先，現(xiàn)代西方社會的大多數(shù)人似乎比其他任何形式的采訪都更熟悉新聞采訪，至少是以一種積極的方式?！边x項D符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.即便如此，如本書所述，要真正理解新聞采訪，尤其是電視采訪，需要深思熟慮的分析甚至研究?！庇纱丝梢酝茢?，這篇文章是前言的一部分。選項B正確。

3.單選題

London'sHeathrowairport,alongsidemanyothermajorairports,ishopingthat_______passengernumberswillbeswallowedupbyanewgenerationofhugeaircraft.

問題1選項

A.probate

B.obsolete

C.swelling

D.recapitulating

【答案】C

【解析】probate遺囑認(rèn)證的;obsolete荒廢的,淘汰的;swell增大;磁脹;recapitulate重述要點,概述。句意：倫敦Heathrow機(jī)場和其他許多主要機(jī)場都希望，新一代的巨型飛機(jī)能夠承載得下數(shù)量日益增長的旅客。選項C符合句意。

4.單選題

Ifwedon’tstopflirtingwiththosedeathlynuclearweapons,thewholeglobewillbe（

）.

問題1選項

A.contaminated

B.polluted

C.annihilated

D.invaded

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項contaminate“污染，玷污，腐蝕（人的思想或品德）”；B選項pollute“污染，弄臟”；C選項annihilate“消滅，毀滅，徹底擊敗”；D選項invade“侵入，侵略”。flirtwith表示“調(diào)戲，玩弄，不認(rèn)真地考慮”，deathlynuclearweapons表示“致命核武器”，結(jié)合語境可知C選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：如果我們不停止玩弄那些致命的核武器，整個世界將被毀滅。

5.單選題

Americanstodaydon'tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesarcathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind.

“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual”,sayseducationwriterDianeRavitcli.“Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance.”Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.

Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,“Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.”

“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandProfessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanlife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.

RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren;“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized—goingtoschoolandlearningtoread,sohecanpreservehisinnategoodness.

Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecriticalcreativeandcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseeksgrasp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.

Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadersaysourcountry’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewhojoyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.”

1.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?

2.WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof（

）.

3.TheviewsofRavitcliandEmersononschoolingare

（

）.

4.Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably（

）.

問題1選項

A.Thehabitofthinkingindependently.

B.Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.

C.Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.

D.Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits.

問題2選項

A.undervaluingintellect

B.favoringintellectualism

C.supportingschoolreform

D.suppressingnativeintelligence

問題3選項

A.identical

B.similar

C.complementary

D.opposite

問題4選項

A.apioneerofeducationreform

B.anopponentofintellectualism

C.ascholarinfavorofintellect

D.anadvocateofregularschooling

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“美國家長期望他們的孩子在學(xué)校學(xué)到什么”。文章第一段第二句提到“甚至我們送孩子去學(xué)習(xí)知識的學(xué)校也不是為了求知”（Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge），可知美國家長送孩子去學(xué)校的目的是培養(yǎng)實踐能力，選項C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“從文章中我們可以知美國有過一段怎樣的歷史”。文章第二段第一句話提到“教育作家提出，學(xué)校一直處于一個重視實際而輕視才智的社會中”（“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual”,sayseducationwriterDianeRavitcli），選項A“輕視才智”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“Ravitch和Emerson關(guān)于學(xué)校的觀點……”。文章第五段第一句話提到愛默生和其他一些超經(jīng)驗主義者認(rèn)為學(xué)校和嚴(yán)格的書本學(xué)習(xí)禁錮了學(xué)生（RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren），由此可見愛默生是不認(rèn)可所謂的才智主義；文章第二段提到了Ravitcli關(guān)于教育的觀點，他認(rèn)為學(xué)校應(yīng)該平衡“實踐能力與才智教育”，不能一味重視實踐能力，由此可以看書Ravitcli是重視才智的。由此可以看出，這兩位的觀點是相反的，選項D符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可以得知，愛默生可能……”。文章第五段第一句話提到愛默生和其他一些超經(jīng)驗主義者認(rèn)為學(xué)校和嚴(yán)格的書本學(xué)習(xí)禁錮了學(xué)生（RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren），由此可知愛默生是反對才智主義的，選項B符合題意。

6.翻譯題

1.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese(5marks)

AfteranumberofreportsregardingthesupposedlaunchdateofApplePayinChina,themobilepaymentserviceprovidedbytheUStechgiantwithChinaUnionPayhasofficiallybecomeavailableinthecountryat5amonThursday.ChinahasbecomethefifthcountryinwhichApplehasdeployeditspaymentsystem,aftertheUS,theUK,Canada,andAustralia.Insteadofscanningabarcode,whichisrequiredbyexistingmobilepaymentservicesprovidedbyAlipayandWeChat,ApplePayuserswillutilizewhatiscallednear-fieldcommunicationtechnologytoallowcontactlessdataexchangebetweeniPhone,AppleWatchandpointofsaleterminals.

【答案】在一系列關(guān)于蘋果支付在中國上市日期的報道之后，這家美國科技巨頭與中國銀聯(lián)合作提供的移動支付服務(wù)已于周四凌晨5點正式在中國上市。中國已經(jīng)成為繼美國、英國、加拿大和澳大利亞之后，蘋果第五個部署支付系統(tǒng)的國家。蘋果支付用戶將利用所謂的近場通信技術(shù)，實現(xiàn)iPhone、AppleWatch和銷售點終端之間的非接觸式數(shù)據(jù)交換，而不是掃描支付寶和微信提供的現(xiàn)有移動支付服務(wù)所要求的條形碼。

7.單選題

InEnglishlearning,a（）circleoccurswhenastudentmakesmoreerrorsafterbeingscolded.

問題1選項

A.vigorous

B.vicious

C.voluntary

D.vertical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項vigorous“精力充沛的，有力的”；B選項vicious“惡劣的，嚴(yán)重的”；C選項voluntary“志愿的；自發(fā)的”；D選項vertical“垂直的；直上的”。句意：在英語學(xué)習(xí)中，如果學(xué)生挨罵后犯錯更多，就會形成（）循環(huán)。根據(jù)語境，vicious“惡劣的，嚴(yán)重的”搭配circle“循環(huán)”比較合理，翻譯成惡性循環(huán)。因此B選項正確。

8.單選題

Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.Theyseeadayinthenot-too-distantfuturewhenallautoswillbeabandonedandallowedtorust.Otherauthorities,however,thinktheautoisheretostay.Theyholdthatthecarwillremainaleadingmeansofurbantravelintheforeseeablefuture.

Themotorcarwillundoubtedlychangesignificantlyoverthenext30years.Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.Thecarofthefutureshouldbefarmorepollution-freethanpresenttypes.

Regardlessofitspowersource,theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion（擁擠）.Oneproposedsolutiontothisproblemistheautomatedhighwaysystem.

Whentheautoentersthehighwaysystem,aretractable（可伸縮的）armwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail,whichissimilartothosepoweringsubwaytrainselectrically.Onceattachedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralcomputer.Thecomputerwillthenmonitorallofthecar’smovements.

Thedriverwilluseatelephonetodialinstructionsabouthisdestinationintothesystem.Thecomputerwillcalculatethebestroute,andreservespaceforthecarallthewaytothecorrectexitfromthehighway.Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwaitforthebuzzer（蜂鳴器）thatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.Itisestimatedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletohandle10,000vehiclesperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000vehiclesthatcanbecarriedbyapresentdayhighway.

1.Onesignificantimprovementinthefuturecarwillprobablybe（）.

2.Whatistheauthor’smainconcern?

3.Whatprovidesautoswithelectricpowerinanautomatedhighwaysystem?

4.Inanautomatedhighwaysystem,allthedriverneedstodoisto（）.

5.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthefutureofautos?

問題1選項

A.itspowersource

B.itsdrivingsystem

C.itsmonitoringsystem

D.itsseatingcapacity

問題2選項

A.Howtorenderautomobilespollution-free.

B.Howtomakesmallerandsaferautomobiles

C.Howtosolvetheproblemoftrafficjams

D.Howtodevelopanautomatedsubwaysystem

問題3選項

A.Arail

B.Anengine

C.Aretractablearm

D.Acomputercontroller

問題4選項

A.keepintherightlane

B.waittoarriveathisdestination

C.keepinconstanttouchwiththecomputercenter

D.informthesystemofhisdestinationbyphone

問題5選項

A.Enthusiastic.

B.Pessimistic

C.Optimistic

D.Cautious

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第二段指出：Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.Thecarofthefutureshouldbefarmorepollution-freethanpresenttypes（它應(yīng)該變得更小、更安全和更經(jīng)濟(jì)且不再由汽油發(fā)動機(jī)提供動力，未來的汽車也應(yīng)該比現(xiàn)在更環(huán)保）。因此A項“它的動力來源”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第三段指出：Regardlessofitspowersource,theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion（不管它的動力來源如何，在未來，汽車也將仍然是導(dǎo)致城市交通擁擠的主要因素）。之后的兩個段落就解決這個問題進(jìn)行了論述。因此，作者主要關(guān)心如何解決交通堵塞的問題，故選C項。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第四段指出:...makecontactwitharail,whichissimilartothosepoweringsubwaytrainselectrically(與軌道接觸，它類似于為地鐵列車供電的東西)。因此，A項“鐵軌”正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第五段指出：Thedriverwilluseatelephonetodialinstructionsabouthisdestinationintothesystem（司機(jī)將使用電話將目的地指示撥入系統(tǒng)）。因此D項“用電話通知系統(tǒng)他的目的地”正確。

第5題:觀點態(tài)度題。作者在第一段指出了有關(guān)汽車未來的兩個觀點，一是汽車將會被人廢棄，二是汽車依然會是城市交通的主要方式。隨后提到其他權(quán)威人士認(rèn)為汽車在可預(yù)見的未來將仍然是一個主要的城市交通工具，后面對未來發(fā)展問題的解決進(jìn)行探討。由此可見作者對于汽車的發(fā)展是持樂觀態(tài)度的。故選C項。

9.單選題

Althoughtherewasalotmoretosay,Stephen（）fromfurtherquestions.

問題1選項

A.strained

B.refrained

C.resisted

D.retreated

【答案】D

【解析】詞義辨析題。strained拉緊；refrained節(jié)制,

克制；resist抵抗,

一般與介詞to搭配；retreated避開,

撤退。句意：盡管還有很多可以說的,

但斯蒂芬沒有進(jìn)一步回答更多的問題。選項D符合句意。

10.單選題

Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicssomehowencourages（）patriotism.

問題1選項

A.obsolete

B.aggressive

C.harmonious

D.amiable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。obsolete“陳舊的，過時的”；aggressive“侵略性的；好斗的；激進(jìn)的”；harmonious“和諧的”；amiable“親切的；友好的”，此處應(yīng)該選擇一個形容詞來修飾“愛國主義”，這種愛國主義與國際體育中倡導(dǎo)的國家之間的友誼是相對的，故此處最恰當(dāng)?shù)男稳菰~是aggressive。句意：國際體育應(yīng)該增進(jìn)兩國之間的友誼，但是目前的奧林匹克組織在某種程度上倡導(dǎo)……愛國主義。故正確答案為選項B。

11.單選題

Thecitysigneda/an（

）contractwithItalyinordertomakefulluseoftheirnaturalresourcesandcapital.

問題1選項

A.unusual

B.influential

C.residential

D.reciprocal

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項unusual“不尋常的”；B選項influential“有影響的，有勢力的”；C選項residential“住宅的”；D選項reciprocal“互惠的”。句意：為了充分利用其自然資源和資本，該市與意大利簽訂了互惠合約。選項D符合句意。

12.單選題

Ithaslongbeenknownthattherateofoxidativemetabolism(theprocessthatusesoxygentoconvertfoodintoenergy)inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns.Thehighmetabolicrateofsmallanimals,forexample,givesthemsustainedpowerandactivityperunitofweight,butatthecostofrequiringconstantconsumptionoffoodandwater.Verylargeanimals,withtheirrelativelylowmetabolicrates,cansurvivewellonasporadicfoodsupply,butcangeneratelittlemetabolicenergypergramofbodyweight.Ifonlyoxidativemetabolicrateisconsidered,therefore,onemightassumethatsmaller,moreactive,animalscouldpreyonlargerones,atleastiftheyattackedingroups.Perhapstheycouldifitwerenotforanaerobicglycolysis,thegreatequalizer.

Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider.Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent——inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal.If,forexample,somepredatorshadattackeda100-tendinosaur,normallytorpid,thedinosaurwouldhavebeenabletogeneratealmostinstantaneously,viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.Thisexplainshowmanylargespecieshavemanagedtocompetewiththeirmoreactiveneighbors:thecompensationforalowoxidativemetabolicrateisglycolysis.

Therearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation.Theglycogenreservesofanyanimalaregood,atmost,foronlyabouttwominutesatmaximumeffort,afterwhichonlythenormaloxidativemetabolicsourceofenergyremains.Withtheconclusionofaburstofactivity,thelacticacidlevelishighinthebodyfluids,leavingthelargeanimalvulnerableto

attackuntiltheacidisreconverted,viaoxidativemetabolism,bytheliverintoglucose,whichisthensent(inpart)backtothemusclesforglycogenresynthesis.Duringthisprocesstheenormousenergydebtthattheanimalhasrunupthroughanaerobicglycolysismustberepaid,adebtthatisproportionallymuchgreaterforthelargervertebratesthanforthesmallerones.Whereasthetinyshrewcanreplaceinminutestheglycogenusedformaximumeffort,forexample,thegiganticdinosaurwouldhaverequiredmorethanthreeweeks.Itmightseemthatthisinterminablylongrecoverytimeinalargevertebratewouldproveagravedisadvantageforsurvival.Fortunately,muscleglycogenisusedonlywhenneededandeventhenonlyinwhateverquantityisnecessary.Onlyintimesofpanicorduringmortalcombatwouldtheentirereservesbeconsumed.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,amajorlimitationofanaerobicglycolysisisthatitcan（

）.

3.Thepassagesuggeststhatthetotalanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothevertebrate’ssizebecause（

）.

4.Theauthorismostprobablyaddressingwhichofthefollowingaudiences?

5.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.refuteamisconceptionaboutanaerobicglycolysis

B.explainanaerobicglycolysisanditseffectsonanimalsurvival

C.describethelimitationsofanaerobicglycolysis

D.analyzethechemistryofanaerobicglycolysisanditssimilaritytooxidativemetabolism

問題2選項

A.produceinlargeanimalsmorelacticacidthanthelivercansafelyreconvert

B.necessitateadangerouslylongrecoveryperiodinlargeanimals

C.produceenergymoreslowlythanitcanbeusedbylargeanimals

D.consumealloftheavailableglycogenregardlessofneed

問題3選項

A.largervertebratesconservemoreenergythansmallervertebrates

B.largervertebratesuselessoxygenperunitweightthansmallervertebrates

C.theabilityofavertebratetoconsumefoodisafunctionofitssize

D.theamountofmuscletissueinavertebrateisdirectlyrelatedtoitssize

問題4選項

A.Collegestudentsinanintroductorycourseonanimalphysiology

B.Historiansofscienceinvestigatingthediscoveryofanaerobicglycolysis

C.Graduatestudentswithspecializedtrainingincomparativeanatomy

D.ZoologistsinterestedinPrehistoricanimals

問題5選項

A.Thedisadvantageofalowoxidativemetabolicrateinlargeanimalscanbeoffsetbytheirabilitytoconvertsubstantialamountsofglycogenintoenergy.

B.Themostsignificantproblemfacinganimalsthathaveusedanaerobicglycolysisforenergyistheresynthesisofitsbyproduct,glucose,intoglycogen.

C.Thebenefitstoanimalsofanaerobicglycolysisareoffsetbytheprofoundcoststhatmustbepaid.

D.Themajorfactorensuringthatalargeanimalwilltriumphoverasmalleranimalisthelargeanimal’sabilitytoproduceenergyviaanaerobicglycolysis

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段提到動作的氧化代謝率對它們生存方式造成的影響（inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns）；第二段解釋無氧糖酵解（Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider）；第三段提到了無氧糖酵解的不足以及對動物的生存產(chǎn)生的影響。綜上所述，選項B符合題意。

2.文章第三段第一句提到了補(bǔ)償?shù)木窒扌裕╰herearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation），指出動物由于無氧糖酵解所導(dǎo)致的大量能量消耗必須得到補(bǔ)償，然后又通過小松鼠為例來說明小型動物補(bǔ)償?shù)臅r間短，而大型動物則需要很長的時間才能完成補(bǔ)償，這就是補(bǔ)償?shù)木窒扌浴＿x項B符合題意。

3.文章第二段第二句話Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent—inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal提到了無氧糖酵解與動物體型的關(guān)系。隨后舉了恐龍的例子來解釋說明肌肉越多，糖原質(zhì)的含量就越多，體型大，肌肉多，選項D符合題意。

4.文章主要介紹無氧糖酵解對動物的生存產(chǎn)生的影響，沒有使用一些非常晦澀難懂的專業(yè)知識，因此作者最可能針對的是剛剛接觸相關(guān)學(xué)科的人群。選項A符合題意。

5.文章主要提及了氧化代謝率較低的大型動物的不利原因。作者通過舉了恐龍這種大型動物來說明自己的觀點，比如一只100噸重的恐龍可以通過無氧糖酵解產(chǎn)生3000個人進(jìn)行氧化新陳代謝（viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.）產(chǎn)生的最大的能量，從而保證大型動物能在激烈的叢林中生存。選項A符合題意。

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