考研考博-英語-北京大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thepriceofthecoalwillvaryaccordingtohowfarithastobetransportedandhowexpensivethefreight（）are.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.payments

B.charges

C.funds

D.prices

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。payments“付款，薪資”；charges“費(fèi)用，手續(xù)費(fèi)”；funds“資金，基金”；prices“價(jià)格”。句意：煤的價(jià)格將根據(jù)運(yùn)輸?shù)木嚯x和運(yùn)費(fèi)的價(jià)格而有所不同。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Themayorisawomanwithgreatand（

）,thereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialsupport.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intention

B.instinct

C.integrity

D.intensity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)intention“意圖，目的”；B選項(xiàng)instinct“本能，天性”；C選項(xiàng)integrity“正直，完整”；D選項(xiàng)intensity“劇烈，強(qiáng)度”。句意：市長是一位十分正直的女性，所以值得我們給予政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的支持。A，B和D項(xiàng)不與with搭配，結(jié)合句意，C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

IfthetradeunionistJimmyHoffawerealivetoday,hewouldprobablyrepresentcivilservant.WhenHoffa’sTeamsterswereintheirprimein1960,onlyoneintenAmericangovernmentworkersbelongedtoaunion;now36%do.In2009thenumberofunionistsinAmerica’spublicsectorpassedthatoftheirfellowmembersintheprivatesector.InBritain,morethanhalfofpublic-sectorworkersbutonlyabout15%ofprivate-sectoronesareunionized.

Therearethreereasonsforthepublic-sectorunions’thriving.First,theycanshutthingsdownwithoutsufferingmuchinthewayofconsequences.Second,theyaremostlybrightandwell-educated.AquarterofAmerica’spublic-sectorworkershaveauniversitydegree.Third,theynowdominateleft-of-centrepolitics.Someoftheirtiesgobackalongway.Britain’sLaborParty,asitsnameimplies,haslongbeenassociatedwithtradeunionism.Itscurrentleader,EdMiliband,oweshispositiontovotesfrompublic-sectorunions.

Atthestateleveltheirinfluencecanbeevenmorefearsome.MarkBaldassareofthePublicPolicyInstituteofCaliforniapointsoutthatmuchofthestate'sbudgetispatrolledbyunions.Theteachers'unionskeepaneyeonschools,theCCPOAonprisonsandavarietyoflaborgroupsonhealthcare.

Inmanyrichcountriesaveragewagesinthestatesectorarehigherthanintheprivateone.Buttherealgainscomeinbenefitsandworkpractices.Politicianshaverepeatedly“backloaded”public-sectorpaydeals,keepingthepayincreasesmodestbutaddingtoholidaysandespeciallypensionsthatarealreadygenerous.

Reformhasbeenvigorouslyopposed,perhapsmostegregiouslyineducation,wherecharterschools,academiesandmeritpayallfaceddrawn-outbattles.Eventhoughthereisplentyofevidencethatthequalityoftheteachersisthemostimportantvariable,teachers’unionshavefoughtagainstgettingridofbadonesandpromotinggoodones.

Asthecosttoeveryoneelsehasbecomeclearer,politicianshavebeguntoclampdown.InWisconsintheunionshaveralliedthousandsofsupportersagainstScottWalker,thehardlineRepublicangovernor.Butmanywithinthepublicsectorsufferunderthecurrentsystem,too.

JohnDonahueatHarvard’sKennedySchoolpointsoutthatthenormsofcultureinWesterncivilservicessuitthosewhowanttostayputbutisbadforhighachievers.TheonlyAmericanpublic-sectorworkerswhoearnwellabove$250,000ayearareuniversitysportscoachesandthepresidentoftheUnitedStates.Bankers’fatpaypacketshaveattractedmuchcriticism,butapublic-sectorsystemthatdoesnotrewardhighachieversmaybeamuchbiggerproblemforAmerica.

1.Paragraph1suggeststhat（）.

2.AccordingtoParagraph2,（）.

3.Paragraph4pointsoutthattheincomeinthestatesectoris（）.

4.ItcanbelearnedfromtheexampleoftheunionsinWisconsinthatunions（）

5.WhatisJohnDonahue’sattitudetowardsthepublic-sectorsystem?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.JimmyHoffausedtoworkasacivilservant

B.Teamstershaskeptgrowinginitsbodyofmembers

C.thenumberofunionistsinpublic-sectorhasincreased

D.thegovernmenthasimproveditsrelationshipwithunionists

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.auniversitydegreeisrequiredforpublic-sectorunionmembership

B.LaborPartyhaslongbeenfightingagainstpublic-sectorunions

C.public-sectorunionsseldomgetintroublefortheiractions

D.public-sectorunionsarehesitantintakingactions

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.fairlyadjusted

B.illegallysecured

C.indirectlyincreased

D.excessivelyincreased

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.oftenrunagainstthecurrentpoliticalsystem

B.maybeabarriertopublic-sectorreforms

C.canchangepeople’spoliticalattitudes

D.aredominantinthegovernment

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Tolerance.

B.Disapproval.

C.Indifference.

D.Appreciation.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由原文第一段第二句“WhenHoffa’sTeamsterswereintheirprimein1960,onlyoneintenAmericangovernmentworkersbelongedtoaunion;now36%do.”可知，在1960年只有十分之一的美國政府工作人員屬于工會(huì)而現(xiàn)在是36%。而由最后兩句“In2009thenumberofunionistsinAmerica’spublicsectorpassedthatoftheirfellowmembersintheprivatesector.InBritain,morethanhalfofpublic-sectorworkersbutonlyabout15%ofprivate-sectoronesareunionized.”可知，2009年，美國公共部門工會(huì)成員的數(shù)量超過了私營部門工會(huì)成員的數(shù)量。在英國，超過一半的公共部門員工加入了工會(huì)，但只有15%的私營部門員工加入了工會(huì)。由此可以判斷，這么多年來，公共部門的工會(huì)成員人數(shù)有所增加，所以C選項(xiàng)表述正確。原文只是說明JimmyHoffa如果活著可能會(huì)代表公務(wù)員，并不是說他真的是公務(wù)員，因此A選項(xiàng)與原文內(nèi)容不符。B選項(xiàng)“卡車司機(jī)成員不斷增加”與原文內(nèi)容不符，原文只是說1960年卡車司機(jī)處于巔峰時(shí)期，故表述錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“政府改善了它與工會(huì)的關(guān)系”，在原文中并未提到，屬于無中生有。故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問：根據(jù)第二段可以得出……。原文第二段主要介紹了工會(huì)興盛的三個(gè)原因，原因一：他們可以在不承擔(dān)后果的情況下解決事情；原因二：他們大多聰明且受過良好的教育；原因三：他們現(xiàn)在主導(dǎo)著中間偏左的政治。由此可知，C選項(xiàng)表述正確，withoutsufferingmuch說明他們很少惹上麻煩，即seldomgetintrouble。原文第二段第四句指出“AquarterofAmerica’spublic-sectorworkershaveauniversitydegree”，所以并不是所有的公共部門工會(huì)成員都被要求擁有大學(xué)學(xué)位。可判斷A選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。由原因三可知，工黨一直和工會(huì)聯(lián)系在一起，工黨領(lǐng)袖的當(dāng)選部分原因歸功于公共部分工會(huì)的投票，可判斷B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)的表述在原文中并未提及，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問：從第四段可以得知，國營部門的收入是……。根據(jù)題干信息可定位到原文第4段第三句，通過Politicianshaverepeatedly“backloaded”public-sectorpaydeals,keepingthepayincreasesmodestbutaddingtoholidaysandespeciallypensionsthatarealreadygenerous.可知，政客們一再“加碼”公共部門的薪酬協(xié)議，要保持適度的工資增長，但要增加假期，尤其是已經(jīng)很豐厚的養(yǎng)老金。由此可知，國營部門的收入需要間接進(jìn)行提高?？膳袛郈選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)表示“公平調(diào)整”，B選項(xiàng)表示“非法獲得”，D選項(xiàng)表示“過度增加”，均與原文內(nèi)容不符，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問：我們可以從威斯康辛州工會(huì)的例子中了解到，工會(huì)應(yīng)該……。根據(jù)題干信息可定位到原文第六段第二句“InWisconsintheunionshaveralliedthousandsofsupportersagainstScottWalker,thehardlineRepublicangovernor”，根據(jù)句意可知，在威斯康辛州，各工會(huì)集結(jié)了數(shù)千支持者，反對(duì)共和黨強(qiáng)硬派州長ScottWalker。由此可知B選項(xiàng)“工會(huì)是公共部門改革的障礙”表述正確。A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)常與當(dāng)前的政治體制相抵觸”屬于推斷過度，而C選項(xiàng)“能改變?nèi)藗兊恼螒B(tài)度”和D選項(xiàng)“在政府中占主導(dǎo)地位”在原文中均為提及。因此，本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干詢問：JohnDonahue對(duì)公共工會(huì)部門的態(tài)度是……。根據(jù)題干信息定位到原文最后一段，由“Bankers’fatpaypacketshaveattractedmuchcriticism,butapublic-sectorsystemthatdoesnotrewardhighachieversmaybeamuchbiggerproblemforAmerica.”可知，銀行家豐厚的薪水引來了許多批評(píng)，但公共部門系統(tǒng)不獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)高成就者，這對(duì)美國來說可能是一個(gè)更大的問題。由此可見，JohnDonahue對(duì)于美國的公共部門持有不支持的態(tài)度，因此B選項(xiàng)Disapproval最符合原文內(nèi)容，故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)表示“容忍”，C選項(xiàng)表示“漠不關(guān)心”，D選項(xiàng)表示“贊賞”。

4.單選題

Thefarmerusedwoodtobuildahouse______tostoregrain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.where

C.with

D.inwhich

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。句意：那位農(nóng)民用木頭蓋了一所房子，用來儲(chǔ)存糧食。橫線前面部分是完整的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，橫線到句尾要么是短語要么是從句，根據(jù)語境，后面部分還原成tostoregraininahouse，強(qiáng)調(diào)在房子里面儲(chǔ)存糧食，D選項(xiàng)inwhich是修飾storegrain的狀語，A選項(xiàng)which不能作狀語；B選項(xiàng)where雖然也可以作狀語，但是指在建造房子的整個(gè)地方，而不是房子里面；C選項(xiàng)with后面接介詞to語法錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.翻譯題

HealthyFood

Anactivelifestyleandahealthy,fish-richdietarenotonlygoodforyourheart,theymayalsohelptacklethememorylossassociatedwitholdage,twoleadingneuroscientistssaidonWednesday.

Aspeoplelivelonger,findingwaysofhaltingthedeclineinmentalagilityisbecomingincreasinglyimportant,saidProfessorIanRobertson,directoroftheInstituteofNeuroscienceatTrinityCollegeDublin.

“Thebiggestthreattobeingabletofunctionwellandproperlyisourbrains,”hetoldjournalists.

“Thereisverystrongevidence,particularlyintheover-50s,thatthedegreetowhichyoumaintainyourmentalfacultiesdependsonahandfulofquitesimpleenvironmentalfactors,”hesaid.

Thosewhoremainedphysicallyfit,avoidedhighstresslevelsandenjoyedarichandvariedsociallifearebetterequippedtostayalertastheyage.Mentalstimulation,learningnewthingsandsimplythinkingyoungalsohelp.

【答案】健康的食物

美國兩位著名的神經(jīng)科學(xué)家于本周三稱，積極的生活方式，健康的、富含魚類的飲食不僅對(duì)心臟有好處，還有助于解決因年老而導(dǎo)致的記憶喪失問題。

都柏林三一學(xué)院神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所主任伊恩?羅伯遜教授說，隨著人類的壽命越來越長，尋找能夠阻止人類思維敏捷度下降的方法正變得越來越重要。

他告訴記者：“對(duì)身體機(jī)能正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的最大威脅是我們的大腦?！?/p>

他說：“有強(qiáng)有力的證據(jù)表明，一個(gè)人能否保持良好的智力水平取決于一些非常簡單的環(huán)境因素，對(duì)那些50歲以上的人來說尤其如此?！?/p>

那些身體健康、能避免高壓力、享受豐富多彩的社交生活的人，在他們上了年紀(jì)后，頭腦會(huì)更清醒。精神刺激、學(xué)習(xí)新事物和保持年輕的心態(tài)也有幫助。

6.翻譯題

首先，額外的學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)孩子的身體發(fā)育是不利的。教育專家指出，孩子在枯燥的教室里待了一整天之后，參加一些體育活動(dòng)，而不是額外的學(xué)習(xí)，是非常重要的。孩子們正處于身體快速發(fā)育時(shí)期，缺乏體育鍛煉可能會(huì)對(duì)他們的生活造成嚴(yán)重的影響。第二，從心理上講，大部分孩子似乎對(duì)額外學(xué)習(xí)沒有什么好感。當(dāng)別的孩子玩耍的時(shí)候，很難想象一個(gè)學(xué)生能把精力集中在課本上。而且，由于要額外地學(xué)習(xí)，孩子們沒有多少時(shí)間和同齡的孩子玩耍和交流,很難培養(yǎng)他們的交際能力。他們可能變得孤僻，甚至產(chǎn)生某些心理疾病。通過以上討論我們可以得出結(jié)論：盡管額外的學(xué)習(xí)的確有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn),但它的缺點(diǎn)不可忽視，遠(yuǎn)大于它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因此，放學(xué)后強(qiáng)迫孩子學(xué)習(xí)是不明智的。任何家長都應(yīng)非常重視孩子在學(xué)習(xí)和玩耍這兩方面的平衡，正如那句老話：只學(xué)習(xí)，不玩耍，聰明的孩子會(huì)變傻。

【答案】First,additionallearningisdetrimentaltochildren’sphysicaldevelopment.Educationalexpertspointoutthattakingsomesportactivitiesinsteadofextrastudyisveryimportantforchildrenafterspendingthewholedayinaboringclassroom.Childrenareundergoingrapidphysicaldevelopmentandlackingphysicalexercisemightseverelyaffecttheirfuturelife.Second,psychologicallyspeaking,themajorityofchildrendonotseemtolikeextrastudy.Whenotherchildrenareplaying,itishardtoimagineastudentcanbeabsorbedinhistextbook.Furthermore,childrendonothavemuchtimetoplayandcommunicatewiththeirpeersbecauseoftheextralearning.Itisthereforedifficulttodeveloptheirinterpersonalabilities.Theymaybecomewithdrawn,andevensuffercertainmentalillness.Therefore,fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaydrawtheconclusionthat,althoughextrastudyindeedhasmanyobviousadvantages,itsdisadvantagesshouldn’tbeignoredandfarout-weighitsadvantages.Itisthereforeabsurdtoforcechildrentotakeextrastudyafterschool.Anyparentsshouldmakesuretheirchildrenkeepabalancebetweenplayandstudy,astheoldsayinggoes:AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.

7.單選題

The（

）ofthesoilcanbeincreasedbyusingmorefertilizers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.produce

B.product

C.productivity

D.production

【答案】C

【解析】考查形似名詞詞義辨析。produce“產(chǎn)品”；product“產(chǎn)品，結(jié)果”；productivity“生產(chǎn)力”；production“成果，產(chǎn)品”。句意：通過使用更多肥料來提高土壤的生產(chǎn)力。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.單選題

Becauseoftherevolt,theGeneralassumed（

）asdictatorialrole.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itwasdescribedthen

B.thatwasdescribedatthattime

C.whatwasdescribedatthattime

D.whichwasdescribedatthattime

【答案】C

【解析】what引導(dǎo)賓語從句的用法。句意：因?yàn)檫@場叛亂，這位上將在那段時(shí)間的所作所為被認(rèn)定為是獨(dú)裁。分析句子可知assumed為句子的謂語，后面的部分作賓語從句，而從句中what又作wasdescribed的主語部分，這是what的特殊用法，有雙重作用，故選C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Artificialintelligencedealspartlywiththe（）betweenthecomputerandthehumanbrain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.profile

B.mighty

C.analogy

D.leakage

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析。此處指的是電腦和人腦的相似之處。C項(xiàng)analogy（類似，相似）符合句意。

10.單選題

Hecameallthewaytohelpher______thatshehaddrownedherselfinawell.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onlytofind

B.tofind

C.inordertofind

D.soastofind

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他一路趕來幫助她，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)她投井自盡了。A選項(xiàng)onlytofind“結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)tofind“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)inordertofind“為了發(fā)現(xiàn)”；D選項(xiàng)soastofind“以便發(fā)現(xiàn)”。根據(jù)語境，A選項(xiàng)onlytofind“結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Hereyoumayselecttheonewhichismosttoyourtaste,andyouareevenallowedto（）thembeforecomingtoadecision.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.auction

B.sample

C.enforce

D.wrap

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。auction“拍賣，競賣”；sample“品嘗，體驗(yàn)”；enforce“實(shí)施，執(zhí)行，強(qiáng)迫”；wrap“包，纏繞”。句意：在這里你可以選擇最合你口味的，在做決定之前，你甚至可以品嘗他們。由“mosttoyourtaste”可知這里提及的是一種食物，然后可推知在決定購買之前可以品嘗。故B項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Itisour（

）policythatwewillachieveunitythroughpeacefulmeans.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.consistent

B.continuous

C.considerate

D.continual

【答案】A

【解析】形近詞辨析題。consistent始終如一的，堅(jiān)持的；continuous連續(xù)的；considerate體貼的，考慮周到的；continual持續(xù)不斷的，頻繁的。

句意：通過和平的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一，這是我們一貫的政策。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

13.單選題

Althoughmoneyisalwaysuseful,itisn’tall______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whatthereistolife

B.towhichthereistolife

C.thatisinlife

D.thereistolife

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.whatthereistolife生活有什么意義B.towhichthereistolife這就是生活

C.thatisinlife這就是生活D.thereistolife生活就是這樣

【考查點(diǎn)】定語從句。

【解題思路】根據(jù)although可知，句子前半句為讓步狀語從句，所以后半句為主句，it是主語，isn’t是系動(dòng)詞，all是表語，所以空格部分應(yīng)為定語從句修飾all，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，thereis可以看作在定語從句中充當(dāng)了謂語，tolife是從句中的狀語，那么用作主語的關(guān)系代詞that可以省略，句子可以還原為Althoughmoneyisalwaysuseful,itisn’tall(that)thereistolife，所以該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)what只能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；

B項(xiàng)towhich使用不當(dāng)；

C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】雖然錢總是有用的，但它并不是生活的全部。

14.單選題

Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat（）attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.annoyance

B.offence

C.resentment

D.irritation

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。takeoffenceatsth.表示“對(duì)...感到生氣”。句意:記者和攝影師都對(duì)演員在采訪中的粗魯行為感到十分生氣。irritation一般與feel搭配，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

15.翻譯題

1.社會(huì)需要競爭，因?yàn)樗陌l(fā)展基于優(yōu)勝劣汰。

2.在過去的十幾年里，可能沒有任何其他話題比領(lǐng)導(dǎo)藝術(shù)更受到管理研究者的關(guān)注。

3.必須采取更嚴(yán)厲的措施來防止假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品充斥市場。

4.沒有現(xiàn)代科技的運(yùn)用，我們國家的工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)和國防現(xiàn)代化的實(shí)現(xiàn)是難以想象的。

5.我們正享受著前所未有的生產(chǎn)力，但這并不意味著我們有權(quán)利奢侈浪費(fèi)。

【答案】1.TheSocietyneedscompetitionbecauseitsdevelopmentisbasedontheprincipalofthesurvivalofthefittest.

2.Inthelastdecadeorso,perhapsnoothertopichasreceivedmoreattentionfrommanagementresearchersthantheartofleadership.

3.Moreseveremeasuresmustbetakentopreventfakeandinferiorproductsfromfloodingintothemarket.

4.Withouttheapplicationofmodernscienceandtechnology,themodernizationofourcountry’sindustry,agricultureandnationaldefenseisbeyondimagination.

5.Weareenjoyingunprecedentedlevelsofproductivity,butthatdoesn’tmeanthatwehavetherighttobeextravagant.

16.單選題

Themanagerlosthis

whenhefoundthathissecretarywashalfhourlateforwork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.manner

B.mood

C.temper

D.passion

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。loseone’stemper“發(fā)脾氣”。句意：發(fā)現(xiàn)他的秘書上班遲到半小時(shí)，經(jīng)理發(fā)了脾氣。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

17.單選題

Manyimportantmistakeshavebeenescaping（）,andalotofmoneyhasbeenlostasaresult.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.detection

B.commission

C.compensation

D.precaution

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。detection察覺，發(fā)覺；commission委任，傭金；compensation補(bǔ)償，報(bào)酬；precaution預(yù)防，警惕。錯(cuò)誤應(yīng)該是被發(fā)現(xiàn)，選項(xiàng)A符合句意。句意：許多重要的錯(cuò)誤都沒有被發(fā)覺，因此損失了很多錢。

18.寫作題

“Financialgainshouldbethemostimportantfactorinchoosingacareer.”

Discusstheextenttowhichyouagreewiththeopinionstatedabove.Supportyourviewswithreasonsand/orexamplesfromownexperience,observations,orreading.

【答案】FinancialGainShouldNotBetheMostImportantFactorinChoosingaCareer19.單選題

TheChineselanguagediffers（）fromtheEnglishlanguagebecauseoftheirdifferentwritingsystemandpronunciation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.considerably

B.consistently

C.confidently

D.continually

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。considerably"相當(dāng)?shù)?十分地";consistently"一貫地,始終如一地";confidently"自信地,確信地";continually"不斷地,連續(xù)地"。句意：由于書寫體系和發(fā)音的不同,漢語和英語有很大的不同。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

20.單選題

The（

）ofelectroniccomputershasopenedupnewwaysofdataanalysisforthescientists.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advert

B.adverse

C.advent

D.advise

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)advert作名詞表示“廣告，宣傳”，作不及物動(dòng)詞表示“引起注意，提到”；B選項(xiàng)adverse“不利的，有害的”是形容詞；C選項(xiàng)advent“（重要事件、人物、發(fā)明等的）出現(xiàn)，到來”是名詞；D選項(xiàng)advise“勸告，忠告，建議”是動(dòng)詞。由“the+名詞+of”及句意可知選C。句意：電子計(jì)算機(jī)的出現(xiàn)為科學(xué)家們開辟了新的數(shù)據(jù)分析方法。

21.單選題

Allthecharacteristicsandabilitiesapersonacquiresandalldevelopmentalchangesresultfromtwobasic.Thoughcomplexprocesses:learningandmaturation.Sincethetwoprocessesalmostalwaysinteract,itisdifficulttoseparatetheireffectsfromeachotherortospecifytherelativecontributionofeachtoachild'sdevelopment.Clearly,growthinheightisnotlearnedbutdependsonmaturation,abiologicalprocess.Butimprovementsinmotoractivitiessuchaswalkingdependonmaturationandlearning,andtheinteractionbetweenthem.

What,then,arematurationandlearning?Alldefinitionsofmaturationstressorganicprocessesorstructuralchangesoccurringwithinanindividual'sbodythatarerelativelyindependentofexternalenvironmentalconditions,experiences,orpractice.Bymaturationitismeantdevelopmentoftheorganismasafunctionoftime,orage.

Learninggenerallyreferstochangesinbehaviororperformanceasaconsequenceofexperience.Learningistheprocessbywhichanactivityoriginatesorischangedthroughtrainingproceduresasdistinguishedfromchangesnotattributabletotraining.

Anumberofimportantandstimulatingtheoriesoflearninghavebeenproposed,eachwithitsownsetofprinciplesandhypothesesforexplainingthelearningprocess.Forourpurposes,wedonotneedtobeconcernedwiththespecificdetailsofthelearningprocess,eventhoughlearningplaysthemostimportantroleinmostaspectsofdevelopmentandchange.Weshallemployonlyafewgenerallyacceptedprinciplesoflearninginthisdiscussion.

Specifically,weaccepttheprinciplethatachildwilllearnaresponsemoreeffectivelyandmorethoroughlyifheismotivatedtolearnit.Moreover,hewilllearnaresponsebetterifheisrewardedforlearningit.Accordingtothisview,themorearesponseisrewarded,thestrongeritbecomesandthemorelikelyitistoberepeated.Althoughmostlearninginvolvesmotivationandreward.Ibelievesomelearningdoesoccurwithoutthem.

1.Accordingtothepassage,learning（）.

2.Achild'sdevelopmentdependson（）.

3.Intheauthor'sopinion（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,maturationmeans（）.

5.Thelastsentenceofparagraph4suggeststhat（）.

6.Thephrase“thisview”referstotheviewthat（）.

7.Thebesttitleforthepassagesis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isacomplexprocess

B.isindependentofmaturation.

C.isindependentofexternalenvironmentalconditions

D.referstochangesinbehaviororperformance.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.learningprocess

B.maturationprocess

C.theinteractionsbetweenthetwoprocess

D.neitherofthetwoprocesses

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.learningplaysaveryimportantroleinmostaspectsofachild'sdevelopmentandchange

B.therearehardlyanyprinciplesoflearningwhicharegenerallyaccepted

C.achildneverlearnsanythingunlesshehassomeneedordesireforit

D.achildshouldnotberewardeduntilhehaslearnedaresponse

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.beingsophisticatedmentallyandsocially

B.developmentoftheorganismasafunctionoftimeorage

C.beingfullygrowninheightandmentality

D.freedomofadultcaringindailylife

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.someproposedprinciplesoflearningmayhavenotbeenacceptedgenerally

B.principlesoflearningarebeingproposedeveryday

C.onlyafewprinciplesoflearningaregenerallyaccepted

D.mostoftheprinciplesoflearningarenotgenerallyaccepted

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.achildlearnsandmaturesfast.

B.achildwilllearnaresponsebetterifheisrewarded

C.achildlearnsslowlyifheisinabadmood.

D.achildlearnsaresponse

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.AChild'sDevelopment

B.LearningandResponse

C.MotivationinRelationtoLearning

D.MaturationandLearning

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第三段第一句“Learninggenerallyreferstochangesinbehaviororperformanceasaconsequenceofexperience.”可知,選項(xiàng)D與原文描述一致。

2.根據(jù)第一段的二三句可知,學(xué)習(xí)和成熟這兩個(gè)過程幾乎總是相互作用的,因此很難將它們的影響彼此分開,也很難指定它們對(duì)兒童發(fā)展的相對(duì)貢獻(xiàn)。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.根據(jù)第四段的第二句“l(fā)earningplaysthemostimportantroleinmostaspectsofdevelopmentandchange.”可知,選項(xiàng)A與原文描述一致,所以正確。

4.根據(jù)第二段最后一句“maturationitismeantdevelopmentoftheorganismasafunctionoftime,orage.”可知,選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)第四段最后一句話：在這次討論中,我們將只采用幾個(gè)普遍接受的學(xué)習(xí)原則。由此可推斷,還有部分原則沒有被公眾所接受,選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

6.根據(jù)原文可知,“thisview”指的是上文提出的觀點(diǎn)“hewilllearnaresponsebetterifheisrewardedforlearningit.”如果他能得到學(xué)習(xí)的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),他就能更好地學(xué)習(xí)反應(yīng)。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

7.本文主要是圍繞“學(xué)習(xí)和成熟”這兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞展開討論的,所以選項(xiàng)D最能概括全文。

22.翻譯題

Directions:PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceontheAnswerSheet.

Thisgreaterinterdependenceisnotlimitedtothefinancialsector.Thenewchallengesoftodayareglobalinnatureandtherefore,theydemandaglobalresponse.Thisappliestoissuessuchasclimatechange,eneigysecurity,terrorismprevention,traffickingandorganizedcrime.Wecannolongermeetthesechallengesbyclosingthedoorandsimplylookingafterourownhouse.Instead,wemustreachoutandseekcooperation,wherevercooperationismoreeffective.Theworldiscurrentlywitnessingthebroadestanddeepestwaveofglobalizationeverproducinggreatopportunitiesbutalsosomerisks.GlobalizationhashelpedhundredsofmillionsfrompovertyandprovidedbusinesseswiththepossibilitytoinvestandexpandabroaD.Butthosesamebusinessesknowthattheycannolongerliveonpastachievements.Whenwespeakofglobalization,itisimportanttounderstandthatopennessandinterdependencearetherulesofthegame.

Ourcooperationinthefightagainstclimatechangeisparticularlyimportant.Weallknowthatclimatechangeisreal,thatitiscausedbyhumanactivity,andthatitsconsequencesareuniversalandwillbefeltfirstandforemostbythepoorest.Itwillservelittlepurposeifothercountriesdonotjoinincommonaction.Yes,thereisacosttoreducingemissions,butthecostofglobalwarmingandnotjustinthelongtermisgoingtobefarhigher,includingforChina.

【答案】我們之間日益加深的相互依存并不局限于金融領(lǐng)域。今天我們實(shí)際面臨的許多新挑戰(zhàn)都是全球性的，因此需要全球做出共同應(yīng)對(duì)。這其中包括了氣候變化、能源安全、制止恐怖主義、販賣毒品和有組織犯罪等。我們已經(jīng)不能以關(guān)起門來獨(dú)善其身的方式應(yīng)對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)。相反，我們必須伸出雙手尋求合作，因?yàn)楹献髂軌蚋行У亟鉀Q這些問題。世界正經(jīng)歷著一波最為廣泛和深刻的全球化浪潮，這為我們提供了巨大的機(jī)會(huì)，但同時(shí)也帶來了一些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。全球化已幫助數(shù)以億計(jì)的人們擺脫了貧困，并且給企業(yè)提供了進(jìn)行海外投資和擴(kuò)張的機(jī)會(huì)。但那些企業(yè)也意識(shí)到不能夠滿足于自己過去取得的成就。提到全球化，我們必須清楚公開和相互依存是其游戲的規(guī)則。

我們在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化方面的合作尤其重要。我們現(xiàn)在都認(rèn)識(shí)到氣候的變化是實(shí)實(shí)在在的，這一變化由人類活動(dòng)引發(fā)，其影響是全球性的并且將首先波及最貧困的人口。如果其他國家不參與共同行動(dòng)，那么，我們的努力將不會(huì)產(chǎn)生結(jié)果。是的，我們將為減少溫室氣體排放付出代價(jià)，但我們可能在并不遙遠(yuǎn)的將來為全球變暖付出遠(yuǎn)高于此的代價(jià)，中國也不例外。

23.單選題

Theydecidedto（）theirdifferentinterestsanduniteinpursuitofacommongoal.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.substitute

B.cross

C.submerge

D.surrender

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他們決定放棄各自不同的利益，聯(lián)合追求共同目標(biāo)。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。substitute取代；cross橫渡，交叉;submerge浸沒，湮沒；surrender投降，放棄。因此D項(xiàng)符合句意。

24.單選題

Onceuponatimetherelivedabeautifulyoungwomanandahandsomeyoungman.Theywereverypoor,butastheyweredeeplyinlove,theywantedtogetmarried.Theyoungpeople'sparentsshooktheirheads.”Youcan'tgetmarriedyet,”theysaid.“Waittillyougetagoodjobwithgoodprospects."Sotheyoungpeoplewaiteduntiltheyfoundgoodjobswithgoodprospectsandtheywereabletogetmarried.Theywerestillpoor,ofcourse.Theydidn'thaveahousetoliveinoranyfurniture,butthatdidn'tmatter.Theyoungmanhadagoodjobwithgoodprospects,solargeorganizationslenthimthemoneyheneededtobuyahouse,somefurniture,ailthelatestelectricalappliancesandacar.Thecouplelivedhappilyeverafterpayingoffdebtsfortherestoftheirlives.Andsoendsanothermodemromanticfable.

Weliveinamaterialisticsocietyandaretrainedformourearliestyearstobeacquisitive.Ourpossessions,"mine"and"yours"areclearlylabeledfromearlychildhood.Whenwegrowoldenoughtoearnaliving,itdoesnotsurpriseustodiscoverthatsuccessismeasuredintermsofmoneyyouearn.WespendthewholeofourliveskeepingupwiththeJoneses.Ifwebuyanewtelevisionset,aJonesisboundtobuyabiggerandbetterone.Ifwebuyanewcar,wecanbesurethatJoneswillgetonebetterandgettwonewcars:oneforhiswifeandoneforhimself.ThemostamusingthingaboutthisgameisthattheJonesesandalltheneighborswhoarestrugglingfranticallytokeepupwiththemarespendingborrowedmoneykindlyprovided,ataSuitablerateofinterest,ofcourse,byfriendlybanks,insurancecompanies,etc.

Itisnotonlyinaffluentsocietiesthatpeopleareobsessedwiththeideaofmakingmoremoney.Consumergoodsaredesirableeverywhereandmodemindustrydeliberatelysets,outtocreatenewmarkets.Gonearethedayswhenindustrialgoodsweremadetolastforever.Thewheelofindustrymustbekeptturning.“Built-inobsolescence”providesthemeans:goodaremadetobediscarded.Carsgettinnierandtinnier.Younosooneracquirethisyear'smodelthanyouarethinkingaboutitsreplacement.

Thismaterialisticoutlookhasseriouslyinfluencededucation.Fewerandfeweryoungpeoplethesedaysacquireknowledgeonlyforitsownsake.Everycourseofstudiesmustleadsomewhere:i.e.toabiggerwagepacket.Thedemandforskilledpersonnelfarexceedsthesupplyandbigcompaniescompetewitheachothertorecruitstudentsbeforetheyhavecompletedtheirstudies.Temptingsalariesand"fringebenefits"areofferedtothem.Recruitingtacticsofthiskindhaveledtothe"braindrain",theprocessbywhichhighlyskilledpeopleoffertheirservicestothehighestbidder.Thewealthiernationsdeprivetheirpoorerneighborsoftheirmostablecitizens.WhileMammonisworshippedasneverbefore,therichgetricherandpoor,poorer.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wecaninferthat（）.

2.Theexpression“keepupwiththeJoneses”mightmean（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor（）.

4.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?

5.Wecaninferthatmorepeoplepastacquiredknowledge（）.

6.“Braindrain”means（）.

7.Wecaninferthatbraindrain（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.goodjobwithgoodprospectscanhaveagoodmarriage

B.thosewhoarepoorcan'tmarried

C.poorinloveisbetterthanrichinlove

D.evenmarriageiscloselyrelatedwithmoney

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.maintainahighstandardofachievement

B.preventsomethingfrommoving

C.trytomaintainthesamesocialandmaterialstandardsasone'sneighbors

D.continuetobeincontactwithsomebody

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.moneyseemsextremelyimportanttoday

B.interestinearningmoneyisnotamodemphenomenon

C.moneyisonethere,loveisanother

D.lovewithoutmoneyisafieldwithoutwater

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.KeepUpwiththeJoneses

B.TheOnlyThingPeopleAreInterestedinTodayIsEarningMoreMoney

C.LoveMe,LoveMyDog

D.MoneyMaketheMareGo

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.eagerly

B.foritsownsake

C.forpracticalpurpose

D.passively

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.brainbecomesempty

B.brainhasproblems

C.aprocessinwhichthehighlyskilledpeoplechangetoworkfortheorganizationswhopaythemhigher

D.aprocessbywhichthecleverpeopleareofferedbetterjobs

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.attractsnoattentionfromallthecountries

B.bringsaboutbadeffectstopoorcountries

C.makesrichercountriespoorbecausetheyhavetopaymoretothem

D.isworshipped

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知,本段講述的是兩個(gè)很窮的年輕人找到有前途的工作后再結(jié)婚,償清債務(wù)后,過上了幸福的生活。作者意在說明即使是婚姻也與金錢密切相關(guān)。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.根據(jù)下一句的舉例：如果我們買一臺(tái)新電視機(jī),瓊斯家的人一定會(huì)買一臺(tái)更大更好的。如果我們買一輛新車,我們可以肯定瓊斯會(huì)得到一輛更好的。由此可以推斷“keepupwiththeJoneses”指的是互相攀比,選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Mammonisworshippedasneverbefore...”可知,作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的金錢對(duì)于人們來說似乎極其重要,選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要講的是物欲橫流的世界中人們以及社會(huì)的現(xiàn)狀,人們今天唯一感興趣的是賺更多的錢,選項(xiàng)B最能概括全文,所以正確。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的二三句“Fewerandfeweryoungpeoplethesedaysacquireknowledgeonlyforitsownsake.”現(xiàn)在越來越少的年輕人僅僅為了知識(shí)本身而學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí),更多是為了以后能拿高工資。由此可以推斷,過去人們學(xué)習(xí)是為了自己的利益,而不是為了賺錢,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

6.根據(jù)下文“theprocessbywhichhighlyskilledpeopleoffertheirservicestothehighestbidder.”高技能人才向出價(jià)最高者提供服務(wù)的過程。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

7.根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Thewealthierna