考研考博-英語-新疆大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-新疆大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thedealwasheldinabeyanceuntilhisarrival.

問題1選項

A.adduce

B.suspension

C.bay

D.court

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義名詞辨析。A選項adduce“（v.）舉出；引證”；B選項suspension“懸?。粫和?；停職”；C選項bay“海灣；狗吠聲”；D選項court“法院；球場；朝廷；奉承”。句意：在他到來之前，這筆交易被暫時擱置。abeyance“中止，停頓；歸屬待定，暫擱”，B選項與該詞詞意最相近，因此B選項正確。

2.翻譯題

這些書都沒有解釋這一現(xiàn)象。

【答案】Noneofthesebooksexplainthephenomenon.

3.單選題

Currentdatasuggestthat,although（）statesbetweenfearandaggressionexist,fearandaggressionareasdistinctphysiologicallyastheyarepsychologically.

問題1選項

A.simultaneous

B.exceptional

C.partial

D.transitional

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)表明，盡管恐懼和攻擊之間有（）狀態(tài)存在，但是恐懼和攻擊無論是從心理角度還是生理角度來看都是截然不同的。

simultaneous同時的，聯(lián)立的；exceptional異常的，例外的；partial局部的，偏愛的，不公平的；transitional變遷的，過渡。D選項“過渡”狀態(tài)符合句意。

4.單選題

TheBritishconstitutionis______alargeextentaproductofthehistoricaleventsdescribedabove.

問題1選項

A.by

B.at

C.which

D.to

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。句意：英國憲法在很大程度上是上述歷史事件的產(chǎn)物。D選項toalargeextent“在很大程度上”，A選項byalargeextent和B選項atalargeextent非固定搭配，C選項which引導(dǎo)從句。因此D選項正確。

5.單選題

Imustgonow.（）,ifyouwantthatbookI’llbringitnexttime.

問題1選項

A.Incidentally

B.Accidentally

C.Occasionally

D.Subsequently

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項incidentally“順便說一句；偶然地；附帶地”；B選項accidentally“意外地；偶然地”；C選項occasionally“偶爾；間或”；D選項subsequently“隨后，其后；后來”。句意：我現(xiàn)在必須離開了。順便說一句，如果你想要那本書，那么我下次將把它帶來。根據(jù)句中“Imustgonow我現(xiàn)在必須離開了”可知“順便說一句”符合語境，因此A選項正確。

6.單選題

W:Wouldyoulikemetogetyousometea?

M:Notnow,thanks.Maybelater.

Q:Whatdoesthemanwant?

問題1選項

A.Todrinkteainawhile.

B.Toprepareteahimself.

C.Togetthewomansometealater.

D.Todrinksomethingelse.

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)男士的回答“Notnow,thanks.Maybelater.現(xiàn)在不用，謝謝?？赡芤粫簳枰！笨芍狝選項‘一會兒再喝’正確。

7.問答題

Humanbeingsaresocial(A)animalswhousuallyprefernotliving(B)in(C)physicalorpsychologicalisolation(D).

【答案】試題答案：B;tolive

【解析】考查固定搭配。prefertodosth.意為“更喜歡做某事”。

8.單選題

Heseemstobe（

）enoughtoclimbtothemountaintopinanhour.

問題1選項

A.radiant

B.conscientious

C.conspicuous

D.energetic

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。radiant意為“光芒四射的，輻射的”；conscientious意為“認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)的”；conspicuous意為“明顯的”；energetic意為“精力充沛的，充滿活力的”。

句意：他似乎精力充沛，能夠在一小時內(nèi)爬上山頂。

9.單選題

WhenIsaidgoodbyetoher,she（）thedoor.

問題1選項

A.sawmeat

B.setmeoff

C.sentmeto

D.showedmeto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項seeat“看到在……”，B項setoff“出發(fā)，動身”，C項sendto“送……去……”，D項showto“向……展示”。前半句的意思是“當(dāng)我向她說再見的時候”，那么根據(jù)后面的door（門）可以猜測，空格部分表示“送到門口”。句意：當(dāng)我跟她說再見時，她把我送到門口。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

10.單選題

Electricvehiclesarepotentialgamechangersintransportation,asectorwhich（

）largestshareofoilconsumption.

問題1選項

A.poses

B.assumes

C.represents

D.owes

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。pose意為“產(chǎn)生，提出，擺好姿勢”；assume意為“假定，認(rèn)為”；represent意為“代表”；owe意為“欠，歸功于，應(yīng)給予”。

句意：電動汽車是交通運輸中潛在的游戲變革者，是占石油消費比重最大的部門。

11.單選題

Havingbeenanofficesecretaryforsomeyears,shealways（）choresinaresponsibleway.

問題1選項

A.goeson

B.goesfor

C.goeswithout

D.goesabout

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項goon“繼續(xù)”，B項gofor“主張，擁護(hù)”，C項gowithout“沒有……也行”，D項goabout表示“著手做，從事”。句意：她當(dāng)了幾年辦公室秘書，做事總是很負(fù)責(zé)任。因此D項正確。

12.單選題

Hotelroomsmustbe（）bynoon,butluggagemaybeleftwiththeporter.

問題1選項

A.departed

B.abandoned

C.vacated

D.displaced

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。depart“離開，出發(fā)”;abandon“放棄，遺棄”;vacate“空出，騰出”;displace“取代，轉(zhuǎn)移”。句意:旅館的房間必須在中午前空出來，但行李可以交給行李搬運工。選項C符合句意。

13.單選題

Thevegetativeformsofbacteriaareexterminatedby（

）intheair,althoughthedifferentspeciesexhibitpronounceddifferencesintheirresistance.

問題1選項

A.combusting

B.quenching

C.shrinking

D.dehydrating

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。combust燃燒的，燒焦的；quenching(quench)壓抑；熄滅；shrinking收縮，萎縮；dehydrating脫水。句意：即使不同的物種在它們的抗?fàn)幹酗@現(xiàn)出顯著的差異，但是細(xì)菌繁殖體還是能以脫水的方式被根除。D項符合題意。

14.單選題

IworkasanofficeassistantinasmallbutgrowinggardenequipmentmanufacturingcompanyinCalifornia.Afewmonthsago,mybossgavemethejobofwritingsomesalesletterswhichwouldbesenttotheexistingcustomersofourcompany.Theobjectivewastogetsomeofourexistingcustomerstopurchaseanewproductthatourcompanyhadjustlaunched.

Now,Ihadneverwrittensaleslettersbeforeinmylifeandhadnoideaofhowtowriteeventhefirstword.AndevenifIendedupwritingafewlines,becauseIwassoinexperienced,chanceswerethatthesaleslettersandbusinessletters,wouldbombcompletelyandwouldhardlygenerateanysalesforourcompany.So,inordertolearnhowtocreatemoreeffectivesalesletterIwenttotheInternetandlookedupafewsiteswhichweresellingsamples,templatesandexamplesofsaleslettersthatclaimedwould“increasesalesby10000%”.Becausetheyweren’ttooexpensive,Ibought2suchpackages.

Bigmistake.Ifoundthatthesamplesandtemplatesofthesaleslettersandbusinesslettersincludedinthemlookedsocheapthattherewasnoway.Iwasgoingtosendthemtoourcustomers.EvenIwouldhavedoneabetterjobofwritingsalesletters!SoIsearchedsomemore,andcameacrossasitebelongingtoapersonlivinginMarylandcalledYanikSilver.Hetoowassellingsometemplatesandsamplesofsaleslettersandbusinessletters.Afterhavingbeendupedwith2suchpackages,Iwasnaturallysuspicious.Ireadthroughhissiteandfoundthathewasofferingamoneybackguarantee.Whilethatmademefeelabitmorecomfortable,IfirsthadtodeterminewhetherthispersonwouldbearoundtohonortheguaranteeshouldIwanttoreturnthepackage.SoIsentanemailtohim(justtotestwhetherherepliestocustomers，emails)andIgotareplyfromhimwithin4hours.Ialsosawacommentinhissitebyoneofhiscustomerswhohadactuallygotarefundfromhimassoonashehadaskedfortherefund.

Feelingmorecomfortable,Idecidedtogoaheadandbuythepackagethathewasselling.Well,Iwasblownaway!Thesamples,examplesandtemplatesofthesaleslettersandbusinesslettersincludedinhispackagewerepreciselytheonesthatIwaslookingfor.Andtheywerefar,farbetterthananyofthetemplatesincludedinthe2otherpackagesIhadbought.Iquicklycustomizedoneofthesaleslettertemplatestofitmyneeds,haditapprovedbymyboss,andsentthemovertoourcustomers.Within2weeksfromthetimethatIsentouttheletter,about36%ofthecustomerswhoreceivedtheletterendedupbuyingournewproduct.YoucouldsaythatmybosswasimpressedwithwhatIhaddone!

Sincethen,Ihavewrittenquiteafewsaleslettersforourcompany(simplybycustomizingthetemplatesincludedinYank’spackage)andallofthemhavegeneratedexcellentsalesforus.So,ifyouwanttolearnhowtowritesaleslettersthatgetthesale,IhighlyrecommendYanik’spackage.

1.Thepurposeoftheletterstheauthorwasaskedtowritewasto（

）.

2.Thesamplelettersandtemplatesweresobadthat（

）

3.YanikSilverpromisesthat（

）

4.To“customize”(thefourthparagraph)somethingmeansto“（

）

5.Thispassageismostprobablyusedfor（

）.

問題1選項

A.conveyinformationabouthiscompanytonewcustomers

B.promoteanewproducttoregularcustomers

C.increasethesalesofanewproductamongregularcustomers

D.explainthestrengthsofanewproducttoexistingcustomers

問題2選項

A.customerscomplainedabouttheircontentandformats

B.theauthorfeltthathecouldhavewrittenbetterones

C.customersendedupbyrefusingtogiveanyreply

D.theyannoyedthecustomersandtheboss,too

問題3選項

A.hewillreplywithin4hourswhenhereceivesanemailfromacustomer

B.acustomerwillberefundedifhissamplesandtemplatesdonotwork

C.hewillgoovertocustomerstoseewhatletterssuittheirsituationbetter

D.hewillpaythepostageifthesamplesandtemplatesarereturnedinaparcel

問題4選項

A.orderitandhaveitdeliveredover

B.changeitandmakeitattractive

C.modifyittosuitone’spurpose

D.purchaseitonregularbasis

問題5選項

A.promotion

B.instruction

C.guidance

D.introduction

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段最后一句話Theobjectivewastogetsomeofourexistingcustomers

topurchaseanewproductthatourcompanyhadjustlaunched，從這句話可知作者被要求寫銷售函件的目的是為了向他們現(xiàn)有的顧客推銷他們公司的新產(chǎn)品，所以選項B符合題意。

2.文章第三段提到Ifoundthatthesamplesandtemplatesofthesaleslettersandbusinesslettersincludedinthemlookedsocheapthattherewasnoway.Iwasgoingtosendthemtoourcustomers.EvenIwouldhavedoneabetterjobofwritingsalesletters!作者在網(wǎng)上買的兩頁銷售信件模板實在太差，他自己都可以寫得比這個好。選項B符合題意。

3.文章第三段提到Y(jié)anikSilver將會offeringamoneybackguarantee（不滿意退費），選項B符合題意。

4.文章第四段提到作者對YanikSilver提供的模板很滿意。Iquicklycustomized

oneofthesaleslettertemplatestofitmyneeds“我很快便找到了適合我需要的模板”，之后得到了老板的認(rèn)可。由此可知，作者在原來的模板上進(jìn)行了修改。選項C符合題意。

5.文章是作者親身經(jīng)歷，他向讀者介紹了網(wǎng)上一個不錯的銷售信件模板。他是偶然在網(wǎng)上發(fā)現(xiàn)YanikSilver這個網(wǎng)址，所以不能說是promotion(推銷)，單純地介紹了這個網(wǎng)址，所以選項D符合題意。instruction“指示，命令”；guidance“指導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)”。

15.單選題

Afterfouryearsinthesamejobhisenthusiasmfinally______.

問題1選項

A.deteriorated

B.dispersed

C.dissipated

D.drained

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項deteriorate“惡化，變壞”，B項disperse“分散，使散開”，C項dissipate“浪費，使……消散”，D項drain“排水，流干，喝光”。根據(jù)句子前半部分意思“在同一個工作上干了四年之后”，結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞enthusiasm“熱情”可推斷，空格處填入dissipated“枯竭”符合語境。句意：他干同樣的工作干了四年后，熱情終于枯竭了。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

16.單選題

Hehasbeenlefttosquirminamireofnewallegations.

問題1選項

A.quagmire

B.moraine

C.plumed

D.fragmire

【答案】A

【解析】考查近義名詞辨析。A選項quagmire“沼澤，泥濘地；困境，尷尬的處境”；B選項moraine“冰磧石”；C選項plumed“（adj）有羽毛的；羽毛狀的；用羽毛裝飾的”；D選項fragmire無實際意義。句意：他陷入了新的指控的泥沼中。mire“泥潭；泥沼”，與該詞意思最相近的是A選項，因此A選項正確。

17.單選題

I.Jurisprudence

Itispracticallyimpossibletoimagineconstitutionallawwithoutdissent.TheveryfirstopinionintheCharterera—thePatriationReference—wasmarkedbyit.Dissentispowerfulandevocative,evenmythic;itsuggestsroadsnottakenandparalleluniverses.Itevokesafundamentaland,sometimes,unsettlingcontingencyaboutlaw.Itcanbeproblematic,disruptingeasyunderstandingsofhowtoacourt“getsitright”and,thus,damagingtoacourt’slegitimacy.

Yet,dissenthaspositiveaspects,too.Itcan:betterarticulatenormsandunderstandingsunderlyingkeydecision-rules;provideacounter-narrativetoprevailingorthodoxy;laythefoundationforfuturedevelopmentoflaw;provideanecessaryoutletfordisagreementthatotherwisemightconstrainandfrustratejudicialactors;andevensecurebroaderacceptanceofamajoritydecisionbyshowingthatitisaproductofdeliberation.

Inthispaper,Ipresentanotherpossible“upside”todissentthatfocusesontheissueinQuebec(AttorneyGeneral)v.A:equality.First,IcanvasstwowaysthatdissentmanifestsinCharterjurisprudence:one(functional)relatingtothejudiciary’sappropriateroleinconstitutionaldisputes;andtheother(principled)relatingtotheidentification,scopeorapplicationofrulesandnorms.Thetwomodelsarerichlyrepresentedinequalityjurisprudence.IntheSupremeCourt’sfirstSection15case,Andrewsv.LawSocietyofBritishColumbia,theCourtdividedoverthefunctionalquestionofhowcloselytheCourtshouldscrutinizelegislateddifference.Insubsequentcases,theCourthasstruggledtoreachconsensusonthemeaningofequalityitself—anissueofprinciple.

Thefactthatequalityjurisprudencehasbeencharacterizedbychronicdisagreementmightappearunfortunate.Butmyreviewofsection15caselawsuggeststhat,byprovidingthespacetofullyfleshoutpointsofdisagreement,dissenthascontributedtoricheraccountsofequality.BorrowingthelanguageofCassSunstein,Isuggestthatadividedequalitydecisionthatistheresultoffailuretoreachagreementon“deep”issuesispreferabletoonethat,asthepriceofunanimity,remains“shallow”.IconcludethatthedecisioninQuebec(AttorneyGeneral)v.Aisdeepratherthanshallowandso,despiteitsfrustratingdivisions,itisonthewholebetterthanmanyoftheunanimousequalitydecisionsthatprecededit.

1.TheauthorlistedthefollowingpositiveaspectsofdissentBUT___.

2.Fromthethirdparagraph,onecanknowthefollowingBUT___.

3.Theauthorthinksthatadividedequalitydecisionispreferablebecause___.

4.Whatisthemostsuitabletopicfortheseparagraphs?

問題1選項

A.Itprovidesacounter-narrativetoprevailingorthodoxy

B.Itcanlaythefoundationforfuturedevelopmentoflaw

C.Itcanprovideanecessaryoutletfordisagreement

D.Itcanbedamagingtoacourt’slegitimacy

問題2選項

A.Theauthordiscussesthecasesinwhichthefunctionofdissentsisobviousintwoways

B.Thesubsequentcasesweredecidedbyconsensus

C.Andrewsv.LawSocietyofBritishColumbiaisaconstitutionalcaserelatingtoSection15

D.Andrewsv.LawSocietyofBritishColumbiawasnotdecidedunanimously

問題3選項

A.itcontributestoricheraccountsofequality

B.itisdeep

C.itisonthewholebetter

D.isfrustratinglydivided

問題4選項

A.TheDissentinEqualityJurisprudence

B.TheUpsideofDissent

C.TheUpsideofDissentinEqualityJurisprudence

D.TheEqualityJurisprudence

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Itcanbeproblematic,disruptingeasyunderstandingsofhowtoacourt“getsitright”and,thus,damagingtoacourt’slegitimacy.（它可能會造成問題，擾亂人們對法院如何“正確處理”的簡單理解，從而損害法院的合法性）可知選D選項“它可能會損害法院的合法性”，D選項不屬于積極的方面；根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“positiveaspectsofdissent”定位到原文第二段Yet,dissenthaspositiveaspects,too.Itcan:betterarticulatenormsandunderstandingsunderlyingkeydecision-rules;provideacounter-narrativetoprevailingorthodoxy;laythefoundationforfuturedevelopmentoflaw;provideanecessaryoutletfordisagreementthatotherwisemightconstrainandfrustratejudicialactors;（然而，異議也有積極的一面。它可以：更好地闡明關(guān)鍵決策規(guī)則背后的規(guī)范和理解；對盛行的正統(tǒng)學(xué)說提供一種反敘事；為法律的未來發(fā)展奠定基礎(chǔ)；為可能限制和挫敗司法行為人的分歧提供一個必要的發(fā)泄途徑）可知A選項“它是對主流正統(tǒng)觀念的一種反駁”，B選項“可以為法律的未來發(fā)展奠定基礎(chǔ)”，C選項“它可以為分歧提供一個必要的出口”都屬于積極的方面。因此D選項符合題意。

2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段IntheSupremeCourt’sfirstSection15case,Andrewsv.LawSocietyofBritishColumbia,theCourtdividedoverthefunctionalquestionofhowcloselytheCourtshouldscrutinizelegislateddifference.Insubsequentcases,theCourthasstruggledtoreachconsensusonthemeaningofequalityitself—anissueofprinciple.（在最高法院第15節(jié)的安德魯斯訴不列顛哥倫比亞省法律協(xié)會案中，最高法院就法院應(yīng)在多大程度上仔細(xì)審查立法上的差異這一功能問題存在分歧。在隨后的案件中，最高法院一直在努力就平等本身的含義達(dá)成共識——這是一個原則問題）可知B選項“隨后的案件由協(xié)商一致決定”不符合原文，原文只是提到在隨后的案件中，最高法院一直在努力就平等本身的含義達(dá)成共識，以及C選項“安德魯斯訴英屬哥倫比亞法律協(xié)會案是與第15條有關(guān)的憲法案件”，D選項“安德魯斯訴英屬哥倫比亞法律協(xié)會案并不是一致決定的”符合原文；定位到原文第三段First,IcanvasstwowaysthatdissentmanifestsinCharterjurisprudence:one(functional)relatingtothejudiciary’sappropriateroleinconstitutionaldisputes;andtheother(principled)relatingtotheidentification,scopeorapplicationofrulesandnorms.（首先，我考察了不同意見在憲章判例中的兩種表現(xiàn)方式：一種（功能性）與司法機關(guān)在憲法爭端中的適當(dāng)作用有關(guān)；另一個（原則性的）與規(guī)則和規(guī)范的確定、范圍或適用有關(guān)）可知A選項“作者從兩個方面討論了不同意見的作用”符合原文。因此B選項符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段最后一句IconcludethatthedecisioninQuebec(AttorneyGeneral)v.Aisdeepratherthanshallowandso,despiteitsfrustratingdivisions,itisonthewholebetterthanmanyoftheunanimousequalitydecisionsthatprecededit.（我的結(jié)論是，魁北克（總檢察長）訴A案的裁決是深刻的，而不是膚淺的，因此，盡管存在令人沮喪的分歧，但總體上比之前許多一致通過的平等裁決要好）可知選B選項“它是深刻的”，因為裁決更深刻，所以盡管有分歧，但總體上還是比之前許多一致通過的平等裁決要好，C選項“總體上比較好”錯誤，邏輯關(guān)系和原文相反，D選項“令人沮喪的分裂”邏輯關(guān)系錯誤；A選項“它有助于更豐富的平等的解釋”在原文中提及，但并不是作者認(rèn)為分割的平等決定更可取的原因，只是說dissenthascontributedtoricheraccountsofequality（不同意見有助于更豐富地解釋平等）。因此B選項正確。

4.推理判斷題。文章第一段提出憲法沒有異議是不可能的，以及提到異議可能帶來的問題，引出第二段，提出異議的積極面；第三段Inthispaper,Ipresentanotherpossible“upside”todissentthatfocusesontheissueinQuebec(AttorneyGeneral)v.A:equality.（在這篇論文中，我提出了另一個可能的“積極面”，以關(guān)注魁北克（總檢察長）訴案的問題：平等）可知，這一篇文章主要在討論異議的積極面，以及基于全文在探討法律的基調(diào)，則選C選項“平等法學(xué)中異議的正面”；A選項“平等法中的異議”，D選項“平等法理學(xué)”太過片面；B選項“異議的好處”范圍太廣，概括不如C選項精確。因此C選項正確。

18.單選題

Whatare[A]thequalitiesthatapersonneedsinordertomakeagreatspeech?ThereisanoldChinesesaying[B]thatgoes,“amanisgoodbecauseofhismouth,andahorseisgoodbecauseofitslegs.”Humans[C]haveabilitytocommunicatethroughspeech,andinspeechwehaveaspecialopportunity[D]tomakeimpact.

問題1選項

A.thequalities

B.thatgoes

C.haveability

D.tomakeimpact

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定用法。D選項處應(yīng)表示“產(chǎn)生影響”，impact是可數(shù)名詞，因此正確用法應(yīng)為“tomakeanimpact”。

19.單選題

Theanotherofthebookhasshownhisremarkablekeen（）intohumannature.

問題1選項

A.intellect

B.insight

C.perception

D.understanding

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。intellect智力，理解力；insight洞察力；perception知覺，感覺，也有洞察力的意思，但通常與of搭配；understanding理解力。選項中,只有insight后接介詞into，所以本題選B。句意：這本書的另一篇展現(xiàn)了他非凡的對人性敏銳的洞察力。

20.單選題

Ofthegreatvarietyofopinionsconcerning“marriageformoney”，thefollowingthreeareimportantwithreferencetothedevelopmentoftheimportanceofmoney.Marriagesbasedexclusivelyuponeconomicmotiveshavenotonlyexistedinallperiodsandatallstagesofdevelopment,butareparticularlycommonamongprimitivegroupsandconditionswheretheydonotcauseanyoffenceatall.Thedisparagementofpersonaldignitythatnowadaysarisesineverymarriagethatisnotbasedonpersonalaffection―sothatasenseofdecencyrequirestheconcealmentofeconomicmotives—doesnotexistinsimplercultures.Thereasonforthisdevelopmentisthatincreasingindividualizationmakesitincreasinglycontradictoryanddiscreditabletoenterintopurelyindividualrelationshipsforotherthanpurelyindividualreasons.

Fornowadaysthechoiceofapartnerinmarriageisnolongerdeterminedbysocialmotives(thoughregardfortheoffspringmaybeconsideredtobesuchamotive),insofarassocietydoesnotinsistuponthecouple’sequalsocialstatus―acondition,however,thatprovidesagreatdealoflatitudeandonlyrarelyleadstoconflictsbetweenindividualandsocialinterests.Inaquiteundifferentiatedsocietyitmayberelativelyirrelevantwhomarrieswhom,irrelevantnotonlyforthemutualrelationshipofthecouplebutalsofortheoffspring.Thisisbecausewheretheconstitutions,stateofhealth,temperament,internalandexternalformsoflifeandorientationsarelargelythesamewithinthegroup,thechancethatthechildrenwillturnoutwelldependslessuponwhethertheparentsagreeandcomplementeachotherthanitdoesinhighlydifferentiatedsociety.Itthereforeseemsquitenaturalandexpedientthatthechoiceofthepartnershouldbedeterminedbyreasonsotherthanpurelyindividualaffection.Yetpersonalattractionshouldbedecisiveinahighlyindividualizedsocietywhereaharmoniousrelationshipbetweentwoindividualsbecomesincreasinglyrare.

Thedecliningfrequencyofmarriagewhichistobefoundeverywhereinhighlycivilizedculturalcircumstancesisundoubtedlydue,inpart,tothefactthathighlydifferentiatedpeopleingeneralhavedifficultyinfindingacompletelysympatheticcomplementtothemselves.Yetwedonotpossessanyothercriterionandindicationfortheadvisabilityofmarriageexceptmutualinstinctiveattraction.But,happinessisapurelypersonalmatter,decideduponentirelybythecouplethemselves,andtherewouldbenocompellingreasonfortheofficialinsistenceonatleastpretendinglovemaybemisleading—particularlyinthehigherstrata,whosecomplicatedcircumstancesoftenretardthegrowthofthepurestinstincts—nomatterhowmuchotherconditionsmayaffectthefinalresults,itremainstruethat,withreferencetoprocreation,loveisdecidedlysuperiortomoneyasafactorselection.Infact,inthisrespect,itistheonlyrightandproperthing.

Marriageformoneydirectlycreatesasituationofpanmixia—theindiscriminatepairingregardlessofindividualqualities―aconditionthatbiologyhasdemonstratedtobethecauseofthemostdirectanddetrimentaldegenerationofthehumanspecies.Inthecaseofmarriageformoney,theunionofacoupleisdeterminedbyafactorthathasabsolutelynothingtodowithracialappropriateness—justastheregardformoneyoftenenoughkeepsapartacouplewhoreallybelongtogether—anditshouldbeconsideredasafactorindegenerationtothesameextenttowhichtheundoubteddifferentiationofindividualsmakesselectionbypersonalattractionmoreandmoreimportant.Thiscasetooillustratesoncemorethattheincreasingindividualizationwithinsocietyrendersmoneyincreasinglyunsuitableasamediatorofpurelyindividualrelationships.

1.Accordingtothetext,whatissaidtoinfluencematrimonialcompatibilityandstabilityinsimplercultures?

2.Marriagesmotivatedbymonetaryaspirationsaremorelikelynottobecamouflagedinwhatstrataofsociety?

3.Themarriagerateissaidtobedecreasingbecause（

）.

4.Howisthequestionofraceinrelationtomarriagesimilartothequestionofmoney?

5.Panmixiaissaidto（

）.

問題1選項

A.Personaldignity

B.Economicdecline

C.Monetaryconsiderations

D.Financialgrowth

問題2選項

A.Upper

B.Middle

C.Lower

D.Lowest

問題3選項

A.wedemandtoomuchofourpartners

B.partnersdon’tgivecompliments

C.peoplearetoodifferentiatedsocially

D.theeconomicdisparityinmanyregionsisgrowing

問題4選項

A.Theyfuelmutualinstinctualattraction.

B.Theyinspireindividualresponsibilities.

C.Theydeflectsuperficialrelationships.

D.Theyprohibitsuitablemarriages.

問題5選項

A.aidtheselectionprocess

B.complementindividualization

C.inspirepositiveresults

D.setupbiologicaldecline

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Marriagesbasedexclusivelyuponeconomicmotiveshavenotonlyexistedinallperiodsandatallstagesofdevelopment,butareparticularlycommonamongprimitivegroupsandconditionswheretheydonotcauseanyoffenceatall.（完全基于經(jīng)濟(jì)動機的婚姻不僅存在于所有時期和發(fā)展的所有階段，而且在原始群體和根本不構(gòu)成犯罪的條件下尤其普遍）可知經(jīng)濟(jì)因素影響婚姻的兼容性和穩(wěn)定性，因此C選項“貨幣因素”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的andtherewouldbenocompellingreasonfortheofficialinsistenceonatleastpretendinglovemaybemisleading—particularlyinthehigherstrata,whosecomplicatedcircumstancesoftenretardthegrowthofthepurestinstincts（官方堅持至少假裝愛可能會誤導(dǎo)人，這是沒有說服力的理由的——尤其是在高層，他們復(fù)雜的環(huán)境常常阻礙最純粹本能的發(fā)展）可推測以金錢愿望為動機的婚姻在社會的高層，更可能偽裝，相反，在社會的最低層，最不可能偽裝，因此選D。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Thedecliningfrequencyofmarriagewhichistobefoundeverywhereinhighlycivilizedculturalcircumstancesisundoubtedlydue,inpart,tothefactthathighlydifferentiatedpeopleingeneralhavedifficultyinfindingacompletelysympatheticcomplementtothemselves.（在高度文明的文化環(huán)境中隨處可見的結(jié)婚率下降的部分原因是，高度分化的人很難找到一個完全與符合自己的互補）可知結(jié)婚率下降的部分原因是很難找到與自己互補的人，說明人們之間的差異大，因此C選項“人們在社會上的差異太大”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的Inthecaseofmarriageformoney,theunionofacoupleisdeterminedbyafactorthathasabsolutelynothingtodowithracialappropriateness—justastheregardformoneyoftenenoughkeepsapartacouplewhoreallybelongtogether（在為錢而結(jié)婚的情況下，一對夫婦的結(jié)合是由一個與種族適當(dāng)性完全無關(guān)的因素決定的，就像對金錢的重視常常會使真正屬于一對夫婦的人分開一樣）可知D選項“他們阻止合適的婚姻”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的Marriageformoneydirectlycreatesasituationofpanmixia—theindiscriminatepairingregardlessofindividualqualities―aconditionthatbiologyhasdemonstratedtobethecauseofthemostdirectanddetrimentaldegenerationofthehumanspecies.（為錢而結(jié)婚直接造成了一種無差別的情況——不分個人素質(zhì)的不分青紅皂白的配對——生物學(xué)已經(jīng)證明，這種情況是導(dǎo)致人類物種最直接和最有害的退化的原因）可知D選項“引發(fā)生物衰退”符合題意。

21.單選題

Sheadmiredthedirectortosuchanextentthatshetookhiswords______asoracles.

問題1選項

A.divine

B.rebellious

C.faithful

D.unbearable

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項divine“神圣的；極好的”；B選項rebellious“叛逆的”；C選項faithful“忠實的”；D選項unbearable“無法忍受的”。句意：她非常崇拜她的主管，到了把他的話當(dāng)作神諭一樣______。根據(jù)語境，這里指把主管的話看得像神諭一樣神圣，A選項divine“神圣的”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

22.單選題

Chineseoftenshakemyhandanddon’tletgo.Theytalkawaycontentedly,（

）ofmydiscomfortandstruggletodisengagemyhand.

問題1選項

A.oblivious

B.patent

C.obvious

D.pernicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。oblivious“不知道的；未覺察到的”；patent“專利的；顯然的”；obvious“明顯的；顯著的”；pernicious“有害的；惡性的。句意：中國人經(jīng)常握住我的手不放。他們非常滿意地交流，沒有察覺到我的不舒服和試圖解開自己的手。選項A符合題意。

23.單選題

Astheworld’slargestgrainexporter,theUnitedStateshas（

）powerovertheworldfooddistributionsystem.

問題1選項

A.assorted

B.unrivaled

C.compounded

D.intrigued

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。Assorted“各種各樣的”；unrivaled“至高無上的,無敵的”；compounded“復(fù)合的,”intrigued“好奇的，被迷住的”。句意：美國作為世界上最大的糧食出口國，對世界糧食分配系統(tǒng)有著最高的權(quán)利。選項B符合題意。

24.單選題

Somepeople（

）avoidquestionsofrightandwrongorremainneutralaboutthem.

問題1選項

A.violently

B.enthusiastically

C.sincerely

D.deliberately

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。violently“猛烈地”；enthusiastically“熱心地”；sincerely“誠摯地”；deliberately“故意地”。句意：有些人有意回避對錯的問題，或?qū)Υ吮３种辛?。選項D符合題意。

25.單選題

Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeit（

）whenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsociety.

問題1選項

A.compacted

B.dispersed

C.delayed

D.restricted

【答案】D

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。compacted“壓縮；壓緊”；dispersed“分散；傳播”；delayed“延遲”；restricted“限制”。句意：我們都有自由選擇權(quán)，不喜歡在社會的法律和道德界限內(nèi)看到自由被限制。選項D符合題意。

26.單選題

Duringthesummerholidayseasonthereareno（）roomsinthisseasidehotel.

問題1選項

A.empty

B.blank

C.deserted

D.vacant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項empty“空的；無意義的；無知的；徒勞的”，一般指可容納人或者物的容器還未容納進(jìn)去；B選項blank“空白的；空虛的；單調(diào)的”，一般指表面無字跡的；C選項deserted“荒蕪的；被遺棄的；無人居住的”；D選項vacant“空的；空缺的；空閑的”，多側(cè)重于指某個位置沒有人居住或者占用導(dǎo)致空閑的。由本句關(guān)鍵詞“rooms”（房間）可知，這里是指沒有空余的房間，所以與vacant相對應(yīng)。句意：在夏季假期期間，這家海濱旅館沒有空房了。因此D選項正確。

27.單選題

Doctorsbelievethatsecondhandsmokemaycauselungcancerinpeoplewhodonotsmoke.Nonsmokersoftenbreatheinthesmokefromotherpeople’scigarettes.Thisissecondhandsmoke.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke.

Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals.Inthepast,scientistsdidnotthinkthesechemicalsharmanonsmoker’shealth.Recently,though,scientistsexpressedtheiropinionaftertheystudiedalargegroupofnonsmokers.Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies.Asamatteroffact,almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot.Forexample,wecannotavoidsecondhandsmokeinrestaurants,hotels,andotherpublicplaces.Eventhoughmanypublicplaceshavenonsmokingareas,smokeflowsinfromtheareaswheresmokingispermitted.

Itisevenharderforchildrentoavoidsecondhandsmoke.InAmerica,ninemillionchildrenundertheageoffiveliveinhomeswithatleastonesmoker.Researchshowsthatthesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes.Thedamagingeffectsofsecondhandsmokeonchildrenalsocontinueastheygrowup.Thechildrenofsmokersaremorethantwiceaslikelytodeveloplungcancerwhentheyareadultsasthechildrenofnonsmokers.Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke.

1.Itcanbeinferredthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmerica.

2.