考研考博-英語-山東現(xiàn)代學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東現(xiàn)代學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thedeteriorationoftheenvironment,bothphysicallyandaesthetically,ismostapparentinourcities.Thedehumanizingeffectsoflifeintheslumsandghettoesparticularly,wherethereislittlehopeforimprovingconditions,haveoftenbeencitedascontributingcausesofurbanriotinganddisturbances.Crimeratesusuallyreachtheirpeakintheseneighborhoods.Suchsymptomsofgeneralpsychologicalmaladjustmentsuggestthatmoderncitiesprovidealessthanidealenvironmentforhumanbeings.

Thereseemstobeabundantevidencethattraditionalculturalpatternsbreakdownincities,andalsothatthehighnumbersofcontactswithindividuals,notpartofone’scircleofregularsocialacquaintancesmayleadtomentaldisturbancedefinedheremerelyasbehaviorgenerallyconsidered“disturbed”bythemajorityofthesociety.Itisimportanttonotethatantisocialbehaviorand“mentalillness”arefoundinallcultures,andthatindeedthesamedisordersrecognizedbyWesternpsychiatristsarefoundeveninprimitivepeoples.Therefore,wecanbereasonablycertainthatlackofanevolutionarily“natural”environmentisnotthesolecauseofsuchbehavior.Nevertheless,thatlackmaywellservetoaggravatetheproblemsofpeoplelivinginourmostcrowded,smoggy,andimpersonalmetropolises.

StanfordpsychologistPGZimbardohasconcludedthaturbanpressuresaretransformingAmericansintopotentialassassins.Hebasedhisconclusionsonexperimentalstudiesoftheconnectionbetweenanonymityandaggression,andonfieldstudiesofvandalism.Henotedanestimated230violenturbanoutbreaksintheperiod1964-1969,andreportedthatin1967vandalsinNewYorkCityalonewrecked360,000paytelephones,broke202,719schoolwindows,anddiddamagetoparksandtransitsystemscostingsome$850,000.Carswereabandonedonstreetsofalargecity(NewYork)andasmallone(PaloAlto,California),andsecretlywatchedtoseeiftherewasadifferenceinvandalismbetweenthetwolocalities.TheNewYorkcarwasvirtuallydemolishedwithinthreedaysby23separateattacksbylootersandvandals,nearlyallinviewofpassersbyandduringthedaytime.ThePaloAltocarwasnotmolestedformorethanaweek.Howmuch(ifany)ofsuchbehaviormightbereducedifdensitywereloweredisunknown,butatleasttheanecdotalevidenceseemstoindicatethathighdensityisafactorinsuchproblems.Crimeratesaresomefivetimesashighinurbanasinruralareas.Thoughsomeofthisdifferencemaybeduetodisparitiesinreporting,notallofitcanbeexplainedonthisbasis.RatesforviolentcrimeshavebeenshowntobepositivelycorrelatedwithactualpopulationdensitiesinAmericancities.Thisgeneralcorrelationheldforstatisticstakeninthreedifferentyears,1940,1950,and1960,inthesamecities.Therisesinassaultandrobberywithhigherdensitywereparticularlystriking,althoughmurderandrapebothalsoreflectedthetrend.Robberyistheonlyoneofthefourthatdoesnotmostcommonlyoccurbetweenacquaintances.Interestingly,crimeratesinthesuburbshavebeenrisinginthepastfewyears,especiallyamongteenagersfromrelativelyaffluentareas,althoughtheircrimesaremoreoftenactsagainstpropertythancrimesofviolence.

1.Accordingtothepassage,mostoftencrimesarecommittedin（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutantisocialbehaviorand“mentalillness”?

3.AccordingtoPGZimbardo’sresearch,（）.

4.Thewriterholdsthat（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasaformofbreakdowninurbanareas?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thesuburbs

B.commercialareasofbigcities

C.theslumsandghettoes

D.theparksandtransitsystems

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareuniqueinmoderncities.

B.Theyaregraverinmetropolises.

C.Theyareneverfoundinprimitivepeoples.

D.Theyresultentirelyfromthelackofa“natural”environment.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thereexistsahigherrateofvandalisminamoredensely-populatedcity

B.whenpopulationdensitiesdecrease,crimeratesgoup

C.thereisnocorrelationbetweenthepopulationdensityandcrimerate

D.suburbanteenagersaremoreapttocommitviolentcrimesthansmallthefts

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.deteriorationoftheenvironmentinamoderncitywillmakeitunfitforpeopletolivein

B.lackofa“natural”environmentresultsinantisocialbehaviorand“mentalillness”

C.deteriorationofenvironmentinametropolisplaysacertainroleincausinghighcrimerates

D.vandalismandotherviolentoutbreakswillneverdisappearinmostcrowdedmetropolises

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Vandalism.

B.Suicide.

C.Rioting.

D.Rape.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Thedehumanizingeffectsoflifeintheslumsandghettoesparticularly,...urbanriotinganddisturbances.”特別是在條件改善希望渺茫的貧民窟和貧民區(qū)，生活的非人道影響經(jīng)常被認(rèn)為是城市暴亂和騷亂的原因之一。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“antisocialbehaviorand‘mentalillness’”定位到第二段。根據(jù)“Itisimportant...eveninprimitivepeoples.”反社會(huì)行為和“精神疾病”在所有文化中都存在，而且西方精神病學(xué)家所承認(rèn)的同樣的疾病甚至在原始人中也存在。由此可知選項(xiàng)A和C錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“...lackofanevolutionarily'natural'environmentisnotthesolecauseofsuchbehavior.”缺乏進(jìn)化上的“自然”環(huán)境并不是這種行為的唯一原因。由此可知選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第二段最后一句“l(fā)ackmaywellservetoaggravatetheproblemsofpeoplelivinginourmostcrowded,smoggy,andimpersonalmetropolises.”可知反社會(huì)行為和“精神疾病”在大都市可能會(huì)更嚴(yán)重，選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“PGZimbardo”定位到第三段。根據(jù)“RatesforviolentcrimeshavebeenshowntobepositivelycorrelatedwithactualpopulationdensitiesinAmericancities.”暴力犯罪率已被證明與美國城市的實(shí)際人口密度呈正相關(guān)。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。原文第一段最后一句為作者的觀點(diǎn)?！癿oderncitiesprovidealessthanidealenvironmentforhumanbeings.”現(xiàn)代城市為人類提供了一個(gè)不太理想的環(huán)境。也就是說大都市環(huán)境的惡化是造成犯罪率升高的一個(gè)重要原因，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)原文可知，破壞他人財(cái)物、暴亂和強(qiáng)奸在文中均有提及，只有選項(xiàng)B（自殺）沒有提及。

2.單選題

There（）milkleftintherefrigerator.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aren’tany

B.aren’tsome

C.isn’tany

D.isn'tsome

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法。milk為不可數(shù)名詞，any用于否定句。故C項(xiàng)正確。句意：冰箱里沒有牛奶了。

3.單選題

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence—asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,thesufferingmeansnothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogram.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk,”theadvocatesofviolencesay,“allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.”It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.“Possibly,myLord,”thebarristerreplied,“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus_______

3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen______

4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means______

5.Accordingtotheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.AdvocatingViolence.

B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.

D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.violenceneversolvesanything.

B.nothing.

C.thebloodshedmeansnothing.

D.everything.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.can’tgetahearing.

B.arelookeddownupon.

C.arepersecuted.

D.havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.

B.hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.

C.hegainsnothingafterlistening.

D.hemakesnosenseoftheargument.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.lawenforcement

B.knowledge

C.nonviolence

D.moppinguptheviolentmess

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章開頭說道“Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences（在一些種族偏見十分嚴(yán)重的國家，暴力被理所當(dāng)然地視為解決分歧的一種手段）”，接著第一段的后文中又提到“Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.（我們?nèi)匀粵]有認(rèn)識(shí)到，暴力永遠(yuǎn)解決不了問題，反而會(huì)使問題更加嚴(yán)重。）”，并且全文的基調(diào)都是反暴力的，由此可知該文主要說明了暴力無法消除種族偏見。A選項(xiàng)“崇尚暴力”；B選項(xiàng)“暴力無法消除種族偏見”；C選項(xiàng)“雙方重要人士都認(rèn)為暴力是一種合法的解決方案”；D選項(xiàng)“人類的本能是對(duì)暴力的渴望”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.（整個(gè)有記錄的人類歷史，那些冗長(zhǎng)乏味的暴力記錄，沒有教會(huì)我們?nèi)魏螙|西。）”，由此可知那些歷史沒有教會(huì)我們?nèi)魏螙|西。A選項(xiàng)“暴力解決不了任何問題”；B選項(xiàng)“什么都沒有教會(huì)”；C選項(xiàng)“流血毫無意義”；D選項(xiàng)“所有事情”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段的第一句話“Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.（真正合理的人知道解決辦法在哪里，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)越來越難得到聽證，他們被自己的同類所鄙視、不信任甚至迫害，因?yàn)樗麄兲岢珗?zhí)法等明顯令人憤慨的事情。）”。A選項(xiàng)“得不到聽證”；B選項(xiàng)“被輕視”；C選項(xiàng)“被迫害”；D選項(xiàng)“難以提倡執(zhí)法”。A、B、C選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)的情況是由于真正明事理的人在推行執(zhí)法，由此可推斷出難以提倡執(zhí)法才是真正明事理的那些人面臨的主要問題。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.（法官聽了一場(chǎng)冗長(zhǎng)的辯論后抱怨說，經(jīng)過這么多的談話，他什么都沒有搞明白。）”。A選項(xiàng)“他根本不善于傾聽”；B選項(xiàng)“他一點(diǎn)也不比以前聰明”；C選項(xiàng)“他聽了之后沒有一點(diǎn)收獲”；D選項(xiàng)“他并不理解這場(chǎng)辯論”。nonethewise“不理解；不明白”；與makenosenseof意思相同，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段最后一句“Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.（只要我們?cè)诜煽蚣軆?nèi)工作，就總是可能有真正和持久的解決辦法。）”。A選項(xiàng)“執(zhí)法”；B選項(xiàng)“知識(shí)”；C選項(xiàng)“非暴力”；D選項(xiàng)“收拾暴力的爛攤子”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Tomdoesn’tthinkthatthe______situationhereisasgoodashishometown’s.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.economics

B.economic

C.economy

D.economical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)economics“n.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)；國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況”；B選項(xiàng)economic“adj.經(jīng)濟(jì)的，經(jīng)濟(jì)上的；經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的”；C選項(xiàng)economy“n.經(jīng)濟(jì)；節(jié)約；理財(cái)”；D選項(xiàng)economical“經(jīng)濟(jì)的；節(jié)約的；合算的”。economic用以指與貿(mào)易、工業(yè)或財(cái)富等有關(guān)的“經(jīng)濟(jì)上的”或“有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面”的意義，一般用作定語；economical則指與“節(jié)約”同義的“經(jīng)濟(jì)”，相當(dāng)于notwasteful，既可指人也可指物，既可作表語也可作定語。句意：湯姆認(rèn)為這里的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況不如家鄉(xiāng)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Povertyisnot（）inmostcitiesalthough,perhapsbecauseofthecrowdedconditionsincertainareas,itismorevisiblethere.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rare

B.temporary

C.prevalent

D.segmental

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。prevalent普遍的，流行的；segmental部分的，分段的。句意：盡管貧困在大多數(shù)城市并不普遍，或許是由于某些地區(qū)很擁擠，貧困才更為明顯。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

6.單選題

Haveyoureverheardtheold（1）,"Neverjudgeabookbycover"?Thisisagoodruleto

（2）

whentryingtojudgetheintelligenceofothers.Somepeoplehave

（3）

thatshineonlyincertain

（4）

.Ayoungmanwithanunusual

（5）increativewritingmayfindhimself

（6）

inthepresenceofaprettygirl.He

（7）

awkwardlyforwordsanddoesnottalksmoothly.Butdon'tmakethe

（8）

ofthinkinghimstupid.

（9）

apenandpaper,hecanexpresshimselfverywell.

Otherpeoplemay

（10）

overestimatingtheirintelligenceby

（11）agoodappearance.Astudentwholistensattentivelyand

（12）

inclassis（13）makeafavorableimpressiononhisteachers.Butwhenit

（14）

toexams,hemayscorenearthe（15）

oftheclass.

The（16）ideaisthatyoucan'tjudgesomeonebyappearance.Theonlywaytodetermineaperson'sintelligenceistogettoknowhim.Thenyoucanobserve

（17）hereactstodifferentsituations.The

（18）

situationsyouobserve,themoreaccurateyoujudgmentis

（19）tobe.So（20）

.Don'tjudgethebookbyitscover.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.speaking

B.saying

C.teaching

D.talking

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.follow

B.obey

C.watch

D.observe

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.hearts

B.heads

C.minds

D.brains

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.conditions

B.situations

C.circumstances

D.occasions

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.present

B.hand

C.pen

D.gift

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.motionless

B.hopeless

C.speechless

D.helpless

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.searches

B.looks

C.studies

D.calls

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.error

B.fault

C.mistake

D.wrong

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.From

B.With

C.In

D.By

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.foolyouaway

B.foolyouaround

C.foolyououtof

D.foolyouinto

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.puttingupwith

B.puttingon

C.puttingup

D.puttingoff

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.takesnotes

B.writenotes

C.takesnotices

D.takescare

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.upto

B.dueto

C.boundto

D.aboutto

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.turnsto

B.comesto

C.getsto

D.leadsto

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.top

B.center

C.middle

D.bottom

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.mere

B.major

C.main

D.topic

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.how

B.what

C.however

D.whatever

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.most

B.more

C.much

D.many

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.likely

B.properly

C.fortunately

D.necessarily

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.countonyourtime

B.aheadofyourtime

C.fallbehindyourtime

D.takeyourtime

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:B

第10題:D

第11題:B

第12題:A

第13題:C

第14題:B

第15題:D

第16題:C

第17題:A

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查名詞辨析?！癗everjudgeabookbycover”是一句諺語，譯為“不要以貌取人”，B選項(xiàng)saying表示“諺語”。因此，正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

2.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)follow表示“跟隨；遵守”，B選項(xiàng)obey表示“遵守；服從”，C選項(xiàng)watch“表示觀看”，D選項(xiàng)observe表示“觀察；遵守法律或協(xié)議”

。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，obey的語氣較強(qiáng)，通常指服從命令，法律；遵循原則。由原文可知，不要以貌取人是一個(gè)通常性規(guī)則。因此，本題選擇A項(xiàng)最合適。

3.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)heart表示“心；心臟”，B選項(xiàng)head表示“頭，上端”，C選項(xiàng)mind表示“理智；精神；智力”，D選項(xiàng)brain表示“大腦，智力”。這句話的意思是“有些人的智力在一些特定情況下才會(huì)發(fā)揮出來”。因此本題正確答案是C。

4.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)condition表示“條件，情況”，B選項(xiàng)situation表示“情況；狀況”，C選項(xiàng)circumstance表示“環(huán)境；情況；境遇”，D選項(xiàng)occasion表示“場(chǎng)合；時(shí)機(jī)”。根據(jù)后文的例子，在寫作方面有天賦的男子在一個(gè)美麗的女孩面前說不出話，用紙和筆卻能很好地表達(dá)。說明有些人在某些特定情況下才能表現(xiàn)出聰明才智。因此本題正確答案是B。

5.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)present表示“禮物；現(xiàn)在”，B選項(xiàng)hand表示“手，幫助”，C選項(xiàng)pen表示“鋼筆，作家”，D選項(xiàng)gift表示“天賦；禮物”。創(chuàng)造性的寫作是一種非同尋常的天賦。因此本題正確答案是D。

6.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)motionless表示“靜止的；不動(dòng)的”，B選項(xiàng)hopeless表示“無望的，無可救藥的”，C選項(xiàng)speechless表示“說不出話的，非語言能表達(dá)的”，D選項(xiàng)helpless表示“無助的，沒用的”。根據(jù)后面一句doesn'ttalksmoothly和第一段最后一句可知，男孩在女孩面前是“說不出話的”，故本題正確答案為C。

7.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)search表示“尋找；搜索”，B選項(xiàng)look表示“看，注意”，C選項(xiàng)study表示“學(xué)習(xí)，研究”，D選項(xiàng)call表示“打電話；稱呼；拜訪”。根據(jù)上下文可知，此句句意應(yīng)為“他笨拙地搜索語言卻也不能流利交談”，因此本題答案是A。

8.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)error強(qiáng)調(diào)違反標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或道德所做的錯(cuò)事，B選項(xiàng)fault強(qiáng)調(diào)性格或責(zé)任上的弱點(diǎn)。C選項(xiàng)mistake強(qiáng)調(diào)日常生活中看法和判斷的錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)wrong強(qiáng)調(diào)壞事、惡行、犯罪。四個(gè)詞都可表示“錯(cuò)誤”，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)各不相同。原句意思是“不會(huì)犯認(rèn)為他愚蠢這樣的錯(cuò)誤”，屬于看法判斷上的錯(cuò)誤，因此C項(xiàng)更符合題意。

9.考查介詞辨析。原句意思是“他能用紙和筆非常好的表達(dá)自己。”A選項(xiàng)from表示“從；來自”，B選項(xiàng)with表示“用某種工具”，C選項(xiàng)in表示“用某種材料”，D選項(xiàng)by表示“通過某種方法”。因此本題正確答案是B。

10.考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)foolsbaway表示“把某人騙開”，B選項(xiàng)foolyouaround表示“愚弄某人”，C選項(xiàng)foolsboutof表示“騙某人不要做某事”，D選項(xiàng)foolsbinto表示“騙某人去做某事”。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，有些人會(huì)通過表象讓別人誤認(rèn)為他聰明，也就是騙別人髙估他們的智力，故本題正確答案選D。

11.考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)putupwith表示“忍受，容忍”，B選項(xiàng)puton表示“穿上；增加；假裝”，C選項(xiàng)putup表示“提供；建造；舉起”，D選項(xiàng)putoff表示“推遲；阻止”。由第二段可知，有些人會(huì)通過偽裝表象讓別人誤認(rèn)為他聰明，也就是putonagoodappearance。因此本題正確答案為B。

12.考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)takenote表示“做筆記”，B選項(xiàng)writenotes搭配不當(dāng)，是中式表達(dá)，C選項(xiàng)表示takenotice“注意到”，D選項(xiàng)takecare表示“當(dāng)心”。根據(jù)句意可知，學(xué)生在課堂上應(yīng)是“認(rèn)真聽講并做筆記”。因此，本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

13.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)beupto表示“勝任；由……決定”，B選項(xiàng)dueto表示“由于”，C選項(xiàng)beboundto表示“必然，一定要”，D選項(xiàng)beaboutto表示“即將”。將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)代入原文分析可知，C選項(xiàng)最為合適，因此本題正確答案為C。

14.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)turnto表示“轉(zhuǎn)向；變成；求助于”，B選項(xiàng)whenitcomesto表示“當(dāng)提到，就……而論；”，C選項(xiàng)getto表示“到達(dá)，開始”，D選項(xiàng)leadto表示“導(dǎo)致；通向”。原句意思是“當(dāng)提到考試的時(shí)候”，故本題正確答案為B。

15.考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)top表示“頂部”，B選項(xiàng)center表示“中心；中央”，C選項(xiàng)middle表示“中間的，中等的”，D選項(xiàng)bottom表示“底部的”。由本句中but可知，第二段最后一句與前面一句應(yīng)為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。前文提到學(xué)生上課認(rèn)真聽講并做筆記，因此下文內(nèi)容應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)折為“成績(jī)卻墊底”，故本題正確答案為D。

16.考查形容詞辨析。因?yàn)楸恍揎椩~idea是名詞，所以空缺處應(yīng)為形容詞。D項(xiàng)topic表示“主題”，為名詞，可直接排除。A選項(xiàng)mere表示“僅僅的”，B選項(xiàng)major表示“主要的，主修的”，C選項(xiàng)main表示“主要的，最重要的”。main強(qiáng)調(diào)“主要的，至高的，中心的”，major強(qiáng)調(diào)“重要的，影響大的，要集中精力的”，而中心思想常翻譯為“mainidea”，故本題正確答案為C。

17.考查賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞?？杖碧帒?yīng)為observe的賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞。A選項(xiàng)how表示“如何，多少”，B選項(xiàng)what表示“什么，多么”，C選項(xiàng)however表示“無論怎樣”，D選項(xiàng)whatever表示“無論什么”。react為不及物動(dòng)詞，后而不需要接賓語，因此what和whatever排除，however不能引導(dǎo)賓語從句，因此本題正確選項(xiàng)為A項(xiàng)。

18.考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)中的比較級(jí)?！皌he+比較級(jí)……，the+比較級(jí)……”表示“越……就越……”。因此本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

19.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)likely表示“可能，或許”，B選項(xiàng)properly表示“恰當(dāng)?shù)?；合理地”，C選項(xiàng)fortunately表示“幸運(yùn)地”，D選項(xiàng)necessarily表示“必要地，必然地”。句意可理解為“你觀察的情形越多，你的判斷可能會(huì)越正確”，因此正確答案為A。

20.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)counton表示“指望；依靠”，B選項(xiàng)aheadof表示“在……前”，C選項(xiàng)fallbehind表示“落后，拖欠”，D選項(xiàng)takeyourtime表示“別著急，從容做”。根據(jù)最后一句話“不要以貌取人”可知不要急于評(píng)判一個(gè)人。因此D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

7.單選題

Forthelast20yearsorsothesubjectofglobalwarminghas（）heateddebateamongtheworld’sbrightestminds.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spawned

B.injected

C.modeled

D.moved

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在過去20年左右的時(shí)間里，全球變暖這個(gè)話題在全球最聰明的頭腦中引發(fā)了激烈的辯論。只有選項(xiàng)A有引起的意思，所以正確。

8.單選題

Inatyphoon,winds（）aspeedgreaterthan120kilometersperhour.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assume

B.accomplish

C.attain

D.assemble

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)assume“采?。怀尸F(xiàn)；承擔(dān)”；B選項(xiàng)accomplish“完成；實(shí)現(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)attain“實(shí)現(xiàn)；獲得；達(dá)到”；D選項(xiàng)assemble“集合；裝配；收集”。句意：在臺(tái)風(fēng)中，風(fēng)速達(dá)到每小時(shí)120公里。根據(jù)句中“Inatyphoon在臺(tái)風(fēng)中”可知“達(dá)到”符合語境，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Therepublication(再版)ofthepoet’smostrecentworkswillcertainly（

）hisnationalreputation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.magnify

B.enlarge

C.strengthen

D.enhance

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。magnify放大；enlarge擴(kuò)大；strengthen鞏固，加強(qiáng)；enhance提高，增加。

句意：這位詩人最新作品的再次出版必將提高他在全國的聲譽(yù)。選項(xiàng)D更符合語境。

10.翻譯題

Oneoftheunintendedconsequencesoftheflatteningworldisthatitputsdifferentsocietiesandculturesinmuchgreaterdirectcontactwithoneanother.Itconnectspeopletopeoplemuchfasterthanpeopleandculturescanoftenpreparethemselves.Someculturesthriveonthesuddenopportunitiesforcollaborationthatthisglobalintimacymakespossible.Othersarefrustrated,andevenhumiliatedbythisclosecontact,which,amongotherthings,makesiteasyforpeopletoseewheretheystandintheworldinrelationtoeveryoneelse.Allofthishelpstoaccountfortheemergenceofoneofthemostdevastatingforcestoday—thesuicidebombersandotherterroristorganizationswhichhavenoregardforhumanlivesandwhichitisinourbestinteresttowipeout.

【答案】答：

世界扁平化的一個(gè)意想不到的后果是，它使不同的社會(huì)和文化可以更多地直接接觸。人們之間聯(lián)系的速度之快使人和社會(huì)措手不及。一些文化因全球親密關(guān)系突然帶來的合作機(jī)會(huì)而蓬勃發(fā)展。另一些文化則因?yàn)檫@種親密接觸而感到沮喪，甚至感到自尊受到傷害，原因是這種親密接觸的后果之一：使人們輕易地發(fā)現(xiàn)彼此在世界中的位置。所有這些都有助于解釋為什么出現(xiàn)了當(dāng)今最具破壞性的力量之一——自殺式炸彈襲擊者和其他恐怖主義組織，他們不顧人的生命，消滅他們最符合我們的利益。

11.填空題

Thechemical（）（fertile）iswidelyusedintheruralarea.

【答案】fertilizer

【解析】放在形容詞后，故用名詞形式。

12.單選題

ThomasPainewascommittedtospeakingthetruthbluntly______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asheunderstoodit

B.hehadunderstanding

C.wasunderstood

D.thathisunderstandingwas

【答案】A

【解析】考查語法。句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，所以空格處應(yīng)該是做修飾的成分。A項(xiàng)as引導(dǎo)方式狀語，表示“按照……”，B項(xiàng)本身不符合語法結(jié)構(gòu)；C項(xiàng)不應(yīng)再出現(xiàn)謂語動(dòng)詞was；D項(xiàng)that在引導(dǎo)一個(gè)缺成分的從句，不符合語法結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：托馬斯?潘恩(ThomasPaine)致力于直言不諱地說出他所理解的真相。故正確答案為A。

13.單選題

Anaudiencethatlaughsinallthewrongplacescan______eventhemostexperiencedactor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disparage

B.allay

C.disconcert

D.upbraid

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.disparage貶低；輕視B.allay減輕（尤指情緒）

C.disconcert使不安；使困惑D.upbraid申斥；訓(xùn)斥

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子意思“觀眾在所有錯(cuò)誤的地方大笑會(huì)______，即使是最有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的演員”可知，在錯(cuò)誤的地方大笑通常會(huì)引起人不安，所以該題選擇C項(xiàng)恰當(dāng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)后面一般都要跟賓語。

【句意】即使是經(jīng)驗(yàn)最豐富的演員，觀眾在所有錯(cuò)誤的地方大笑也會(huì)讓他們感到倉皇失措。

14.單選題

Weleftthemeeting,thereobviously（

）nopointinstaying.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.were

B.tobe

C.being

D.having

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我們離開了會(huì)議，因?yàn)榱粝聛盹@然沒有什么意義。

語法題?？疾閠herebe句型。thereisnopointindoingsth.表示“做某事沒有用或沒有意義”,因此排除D。前半句已經(jīng)是完整句子,因此后半句可以是非謂語充當(dāng)原因狀語。因此C項(xiàng)being正確。

15.單選題

Formostpeople,shoppingisstillamatterofwanderingdownthehighstreetorloadingacartinashoppingmall.Soon,thatwillchange.Electroniccommerceisgrowingfastandwillsoonbringpeoplemorechoice.Therewill,however,beacost;protectingtheconsumerfromfraudwillbeharder.Manygovernmentsthereforewanttoextendhigh-streetregulationstotheelectronicworld.Butpoliticianswouldbewisertoseecyberspaceasabasisforaneweraofcorporateself-regulation.

Consumersinrichcountrieshavegrownusedtotheideathatthegovernmenttakesresponsibilityforeverythingfromthestabilityofthebankstothesafetyofthedrugs,ortheirrightstorefundwhengoodsarefaulty.Butgovernmentscannotenforcenationallawsonbusinesseswhoseonlypresenceintheircountryisonascreen.Othercountrieshaveregulators,buttherulesofconsumerprotectiondiffer,asdoesenforcement.Evenwhereaclearrighttocompensationexists,theon-linecataloguecustomerinTokyo,say,canhardlygotoNewYorktoextractarefundforadudpurchase.

Oneanswerisforgovernmentstocooperatemore:torecognizeeachother’srules.Butthatrequiresyearsofworkandvolumesofdetailedrules.Andplentyofcountrieshaverulestoofancifulforsoberstatestoaccept.Thereis,however,analternative.Lettheelectronicbusinessesdothe“regulation”themselves.Theydo,afterall,haveaself-interestindoingso.

Inelectroniccommerce,areputationforhonestdealingwillbeavaluablecompetitiveasset.Governments,too,maycompetetobetrusted.Forinstance,customersorderingmedicineson-linemayprefertobuyfromtheUnitedStatesbecausetheytrusttherigorousscreeningoftheFoodandDrugAdministration;ortheymaydecidethattheFDA’srulesaretoostrict,andbuyfromSwitzerlandinstead.

Consumerswillstillneedtousetheirjudgment.Butpreciselybecausethetechnologyisnew,electronicshoppersarelikelyforawhiletobealotmorecautiousthanconsumersofthenormalsort—andthenewtechnologywillalsomakeiteasierforthemtocomplainnoisilywhenacompanyletsthemdown.Inthisway,atleast,theadventofcyberspacemayargueforfewerconsumerprotectionlaws,notmore.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatwillbethebestpolicyforelectroniccommerce?

2.Incaseanelectronicshopperboughtfaultygoodsfromaforeigncountry,whatcouldhedointhepresentcircumstances?

3.Intheauthor’sview,businesseswouldplaceahighpremiumonhonestdealingbecauseintheelectronicworld

（

）.

4.WecaninferfromthepassagethatinlicensingnewdrugstheFDAintheUnitedStatesis

（

）.

5.Theworld“cyberspace”inthelastparagraphprobablyrefersto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Self-regulationbythebusinesses.

B.Strictconsumerprotectionlaws.

C.Closeinternationalcooperation.

D.Governmentprotection.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Refusetopayforthepurchase

B.Gotothesellerandaskforarefund

C.Appealtoconsumerprotectionlaws

D.Complainaboutitviaelectronicmail

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.internationalcooperationwouldbemuchmoreenhanced

B.consumerscouldeasilyseekgovernmentprotection

C.agoodreputationisagreatadvantageincompetition

D.itwouldbeeasyforconsumerstocomplain

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.veryquick

B.verycautious

C.veryslow

D.rathercareless

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theouterspace

B.artificialintelligence

C.thecommercialworld

D.computernetworks

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段中的內(nèi)容為：答案之一是各國政府更多地合作：承認(rèn)彼此的規(guī)則。但這需要多年的工作和大量的詳細(xì)規(guī)則。而且許多國家的規(guī)則對(duì)此來說都太不切實(shí)際了。然而，還有一種選擇。讓電子企業(yè)自己做“監(jiān)管”，畢竟，這樣做對(duì)他們是有利的。句中的“regulation”themselves即self-regulation，因此選A。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的thenewtechnologywillalsomakeiteasierforthemtocomplainnoisilywhenacompanyletsthemdown（新技術(shù)還將使他們更容易在公司讓他們失望時(shí)大聲抱怨）可知D選項(xiàng)“通過電子郵件抱怨”符合題意。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的Inelectroniccommerce,areputationforhonestdealingwillbeavaluablecompetitiveasset.（在電子商務(wù)中，誠實(shí)交易的聲譽(yù)將是一種有價(jià)值的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)資產(chǎn)）可知C選項(xiàng)“良好的聲譽(yù)是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中的一大優(yōu)勢(shì)”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Forinstance,customersorderingmedicineson-linemayprefertobuyfromtheUnitedStatesbecausetheytrusttherigorousscreeningoftheFoodandDrugAdministration;ortheymaydecidethattheFDA’srulesaretoostrict,andbuyfromSwitzerlandinstead.（例如，在線訂購藥品的客戶可能更喜歡從美國購買藥品，因?yàn)樗麄兿嘈攀称匪幤繁O(jiān)督管理局的嚴(yán)格審查；或者他們可能認(rèn)為FDA的規(guī)定過于嚴(yán)格，而選擇從瑞士購買）可知FDA對(duì)藥品的管理非常嚴(yán)格和謹(jǐn)慎，因此選B。

第5題:詞義題。文章主要介紹了電子商務(wù)交易存在的問題，故cyberspace與electroniccommerce（電子商務(wù)）和theelectronicworld（電子世界）有關(guān)，而電子商務(wù)、電子世界是通過計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行的，因此選D。

16.單選題

Iwouldappreciate（

）itasecret.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.yourkeeping

B.thatyoukeep

C.youtokeep

D.thatyouwillkeep

【答案】A

【解析】句意:感謝你保守秘密。

考查固定搭配。Appreciatesth./doingsth.感謝…。

17.單選題

Areportpublishedrecentlybringsbadnewsaboutairpollution.Itsuggeststhatitcouldbeasdamagingtoourhealthasexposuretotheradiationfromthe1986Ukrainenuclearpowerdisaster.ThereportwaspublishedbytheUKRoyalCommissiononEnvironmentalPollution.Butwhatcancitypeopledotoreduceexposuretoairpollution?Quitealot,itturnsout.

Avoidwalkinginbusystreets.Choosesidestreetsandparksinstead.Pollutionlevelscanfallaconsiderableamountjustbymovingafewmetersawayfromthemainpollutionsource—exhaustfumes(煙氣).Alsodon’twalkbehindsmokers.Walkonthewindwardsideofthestreetwhereexposuretopollutantscanbe50percentlessthanonthedownwindside.

Sittingonthedriver’ssideofabuscanincreaseyourexposureby10percent,comparedwithsittingonthesidenearestthepavement.Sittingupstairsonadouble-deckercanreduceexposure.Itisdifficulttosaywhethertravelingonanundergroundtrainisbetterorworsethantakingthebus.Airpollutiononundergroundtrainstendstobe,lesstoxicthanthatatstreetlevel,becauseundergroundpollutionismostlymadeupoftinyironparticlesthrownupbywheelshittingtherails.Butdieselandpetrolfumeshaveamixtureofpollutants.

Whenyouarecrossingaroad,standwellbackfromthecurbwhileyouwaitforthelighttochange.Everymeterreallydoescountwhenyouareclosetotraffic.Asthetrafficbeginstomove,fumescanbereducedinjustafewseconds.Soholdingyourbreathforjustamomentcanmakeadifference,eventhoughitmightsoundsilly.

Therearelargesuddenpollutionincreasesduringrushhours.Pollutionlevelsfallduringnighttime.Thetimeofyearalsomakesabigdifference.Pollutionlevelstendtobeattheirlowestduringspringandautumnwhenwindsarefreshest.Extremecoldorhotweath