考研考博-英語-北京建筑大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京建筑大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

"Thislightistoo（）formetoreadby.Don'twehaveabrightbulbsomewhere?"saidtheelderlyman.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dim

B.slight

C.mild

D.minute

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。dim暗淡的，模糊的；slight輕微的，纖細(xì)的，脆弱的；mild溫和的，輕微的；minute微小的。句意：“這盞燈太暗了，我沒法看書?！蔽覀儾皇窃谑裁吹胤接幸粋€(gè)明亮的燈泡嗎?”老人說。燈光昏暗用dim來形容，選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.單選題

Theeradicationofsmallpoxinspiredtheworldtoeradicateotherinfectiousdiseases.Thisoptimismwasinvain,asinfectiousdiseasesarestillabigprobleminsomepartsoftheworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.callous

B.deliberate

C.futile

D.negligent

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.callous無情的；麻木的B.deliberate故意的；深思熟慮的

C.futile無用的D.negligent疏忽的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】第一句句意為：天花的消滅帶動(dòng)全世界其他傳染病的消滅。劃線短語后句意為：因?yàn)閭魅静≡谑澜缫恍┑貐^(qū)仍然是一個(gè)大問題。根據(jù)這兩句之間的邏輯可知，這種樂觀是徒勞的。因此C選項(xiàng)futile“無用的”正確。劃線短語invain“徒勞的，無用的”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】天花的根除激勵(lì)了全世界去根除其他傳染病。這種樂觀是徒勞的，因?yàn)閭魅静≡谑澜缫恍┑貐^(qū)仍然是一個(gè)大問題。

3.單選題

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theycan’tbesolvedwithoutgovernmentsupport.

B.Theyareeasytosolvewithmoderntechnology.

C.Theyhavenotbeenexaminedindetailsofar.

D.Theyarisefromtheadvancesintechnology.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itisintenselycompetitive.

B.Itfocusesonnewproducts.

C.Itdemandshugeinvestment.

D.Itisattractivetoentrepreneurs.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Cooperationwithbigcompanies.

B.Sharingofcostswitheachother.

C.Recruitingmorequalifiedstaff.

D.In-servicetrainingofITpersonnel.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

【解析】RecordingThree

WelcometothethirdlectureinourseriesonthefutureofsmallbusinessesinEurope.Thepurposeoftoday’slecture,asyouhaveseenfromthetitleandtheabstract,[23]istoexamineinmoredetailtheproblemsfacingsmallandmedium-sizedenterpriseswhichariseatleastinpartfromhavingtoadapttorapidadvancesintechnology.AndIwanttolookatthesebothfromafinancialandfromapersonnelpointofviewandtoofferafewhopefullyeffectivesolutions.

HerewehavethreeofthemostimportantproblemsfacingsmallbusinessesthatIwanttolookattoday.

First,keepingupwiththepaceoftechnologicalchange,recruitinghighqualitystaffinatimeofskillsshortagesinITasawholeandinahighlycompetitivemarket,andtheissueofretainingstaffoncethey’vebeenrecruitedandtrained.Now,alloftheseproblemsinvolvesignificantcostsforallbusinesses.Buttheyareparticularlychallengingissueforsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises.Andthosecostswouldvarydependingonthesizeandscaleofthebusinesses.

Solet’scometothefirstissueonourlistwhichiskeepingpacewithdevelopmentsintechnology.[24]Nowweallknowthatthetechnologyindustryisintenselycompetitivewithnewproductsbeinglaunchedallyearroundasthevariouscompaniesstrivetocompetewitheachother,ratherthan,sayonceayearoreverycoupleofyears.Andthisisarealheadacheforsmallerbusinesses.So,let’simaginewehaveasmallcompanywhichisdoingok.It’sjustaboutmakingaprofitanditspendsmostofitsincomeontheoverheads.Soforacompanyinthissituation,keepinguptodatewiththelatesttechnology,evenifit’sonlyforthebenefitofkeystaff,thiscanbehugelyexpensive.

Soinmyview,somecreativethinkingneedstocomeinheretofindwaystohelpcompaniesinthissituationtostayaheadinthegame,butatthesametime,toremaintechnologicallycompetitive.

Well,there’sapossibilitythatsmallgroupsofcompanieswithsimilarrequirementsbutnotdirectlycompetingwitheachother,[25]theycouldsharethecostofupgradinginmuchthesamewayas,let’ssay,anintranetoperateswithinlargerorganizations.[25]Infact,costsharingcouldbeaverypracticalsolution,especiallyintimesoffinancialdifficulty.Ifthere’sadownwardpressureoncosts,becauseofaneedforinvestmentinotherareas,Iwouldarguethatthisisaperfectlyfeasiblesolution.

23.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheproblemsfacingsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于中小企業(yè)面臨的問題，說話者說了什么？本篇講座在開頭就提到講座的目的是詳細(xì)分析中小企業(yè)在適應(yīng)技術(shù)的快速進(jìn)步方面所面臨的問題。由此可知，中小企業(yè)面臨的問題來源于技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“沒有政府的支持，問題不能解決”和B選項(xiàng)“利用現(xiàn)代科技很容易解決”在錄音中均沒有信息涉及；C選項(xiàng)“到目前為止，問題還沒有詳細(xì)研究過”，在這次講座中說話者明確分析了中小企業(yè)面臨的三個(gè)問題，而且接著展開了對(duì)第一個(gè)問題的詳細(xì)剖析，因此C選項(xiàng)不正確。

24.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthetechnologyindustry?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于科技行業(yè)，說話者說了什么？說話者在說跟上科技發(fā)展步伐這個(gè)問題時(shí)提到，科技行業(yè)是競爭激烈的行業(yè)，各公司相互競爭，一年到頭都可能有新產(chǎn)品推出市場。A選項(xiàng)“競爭非常激烈”與原文表述一致，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“專注于新產(chǎn)品”；C選項(xiàng)“它要求巨大的投資”和D選項(xiàng)“它對(duì)企業(yè)家是有吸引力的”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，均可排除。

25.Whatisapracticalsolutiontotheproblemsofsmallandmedium-sizedbusinesses?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問什么是解決中小企業(yè)問題的可行方案？說話者最后提到有相似需求和要求的小型企業(yè)，如果相互之間沒有直接的競爭關(guān)系，可嘗試共同分擔(dān)技術(shù)的升級(jí)成本，而這不失為一種實(shí)用的解決方法。因此B選項(xiàng)“互相分?jǐn)偝杀尽闭_。A選項(xiàng)“與大公司合作”和D選項(xiàng)“信息技術(shù)人員的在職培訓(xùn)”在錄音中沒有信息提及；C選項(xiàng)“招聘更能勝任工作的員工”在錄音中雖有提及，但這是中小型企業(yè)面臨的第二個(gè)問題，并非實(shí)際解決中小型企業(yè)問題的方法，因此可排除。

4.單選題

InthemonthsandyearsthatfollowedasItraversedtheNorthwestPassage,Icametoacceptsuchsurprisesascommonplace.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.passedover

B.passedaway

C.passedon

D.passedacross

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。traverse表示“穿過，來回移動(dòng)”；A項(xiàng)passover“越過，忽略”，B項(xiàng)passaway“去世，停止”，C項(xiàng)passon“傳遞，繼續(xù)下去”，D項(xiàng)passacross“橫穿”。句意：在接下來的幾個(gè)月和幾年里，當(dāng)我穿越西北航道時(shí)，我漸漸接受了這樣的驚喜，認(rèn)為這是司空見慣的事。根據(jù)句意該題選D。

5.單選題

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theirobsessionwithconsumption.

B.Theirfailuretoaccumulatewealth.

C.Theever-increasingcostsofhousing.

D.Thedeteriorationoftheenvironment.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thingsthatareraretofind.

B.Thingsthatcostlessmoney.

C.Thingsthatboostefficiency.

D.Thingsthatwecherishmost.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyservemultiplepurposes.

B.Theybenefittheenvironment.

C.Theyaremostlydurable.

D.Theyareeasilydisposable.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

【解析】RecordingOne

DidyouknowthatAmericanshaveapproximatelythreetimestheamountofspacewehavefiftyyearsago?Therefore,you’dthinkwe’dhavesufficientroomforallofourpossessions.Onthecontrary,thepersonalstoragebusinessisnowagrowingindustry.We’vegottriplethespace,but[16]we’vebecomesuchenthusiasticconsumersthatwerequireevenmore.Thisphenomenonhasresultedinsignificantcreditcarddebt,enormousenvironmentalfootprints,andperhapsnotcoincidentally,ourhappinesslevelshavefailedtoincreaseoverthesamehalfcentury.

I’mheretosuggestanalternative—thathavinglessmightactuallybeapreferabledecision.Manyofushaveexperienced,atsomestage,thepleasureofpossessingless.Iproposethatlessstuffandlessspacecannotonlyhelpyoueconomize,butalsosimplifyyourlife.IrecentlystartedaninnovativeprojecttodiscoversomecreativesolutionsthatofferedmeeverythingIrequired.Bypurchasinganapartmentthatwas40squaremetersinsteadof60,Iimmediatelysaved$200,000.Smallerspaceleadstoreducedutilitybillsandalsoasmallercarbonfootprintbecauseit’sdesignedaroundaneditedcollectionofpossessions,limitedtomyfavoritestuff.I’mreallyexcitedtolivethere.

Howcanwelivemorebasically?Firstly,wemustruthlesslycuttheunnecessaryobjectsoutofourlives.Tostemconsumption,weshouldthinkbeforewebuy,andaskourselves,“willittrulymakemehappier?”O(jiān)bviously,weshouldpossesssomegreatstuff,[17]butwewantbelongingsthatwe’regoingtoloveforyears.Secondly,werequirespaceefficiency.Wewantappliancesthataredesignedforusemostofthetime,notforoccasionaluse.Whyownasix-burnerstovewhenyourarelyuseeventhreeburners?Finally,[18]weneedmultifunctionalspacesandhousewares.Icombinedamovablewallwithtransformingfurnituretogetmoreoutofmylimitedspace.Considermycoffeetable.Itincreasesinsizetoaccommodateten.Myofficeistuggedaway,easilyhidden.Mybedsimplypopsoutthewall.Forgas,IcanrelocatethemovablewallandutilizethefoldableguestbedsIinstalled.

I’mnotsaying,weshouldallliveintinierapartments,butconsiderthebenefitsofaneditedlife.Whenyoureturnhomeandwalkthroughyourfrontdoor,takeamomenttoaskyourselves,“couldIdowithalittlelifeediting?Willthatgivememorefreedomandmoretime?”

16.WhathaspreventedAmericanshappinesslevelsfromincreasing?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問是什么阻礙了美國人幸福水平的提高？錄音提到，這一現(xiàn)象導(dǎo)致了大量的信用卡債務(wù)……而且也許并非巧合的是，我們的幸福水平在過去的半個(gè)世紀(jì)里并沒有提高。這一現(xiàn)象即上一句提到的：我們已經(jīng)成為如此熱情的消費(fèi)者。A選項(xiàng)“他們（美國人）對(duì)消費(fèi)的癡迷”是對(duì)原文we’vebecomesuchenthusiasticconsumers的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“他們沒有積累財(cái)富”和C項(xiàng)“日益增長的住房成本”在錄音中沒有信息提及；D選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境的惡化”，利用environment設(shè)置干擾，錄音原文所說的是大量環(huán)境足跡而不是環(huán)境惡化，因此D選項(xiàng)不正確。

17.Whatthingsshouldwepossessaccordingtothespeaker?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問根據(jù)說話者的說法，我們應(yīng)該擁有哪些東西？錄音中說話者提到：顯然，我們應(yīng)該擁有一些很棒的東西，但我們想要的是能讓我們喜歡多年的東西。因此D選項(xiàng)“我們最珍惜的東西”正確。A選項(xiàng)“很難找到的東西”和B選項(xiàng)“花費(fèi)較少的東西”在錄音中并未提及；C選項(xiàng)“能提高效率的東西”，利用錄音中的efficiency設(shè)置干擾，錄音中只是提到我們需要空間效率，選項(xiàng)與原文表述不符，因此排除。

18.Whatdowelearnabouttheitemsinthespeaker’shome?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問我們從說話者家里的物品中了解到什么？錄音中提到說話人認(rèn)為我們需要更多的空間以及多功能的家庭用品，接著講述了自己家里的物品，他把活動(dòng)墻和改造家具結(jié)合起來，讓有限的空間得到更多的利用，由此可知，作者家中的物品有多種用途，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“它們對(duì)環(huán)境有益”；C選項(xiàng)“它們大多是耐用的”；D選項(xiàng)“它們很容易被丟棄”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。

6.單選題

Allstudents（）aloudlaughwhenProfessorHenryFordtoldthemthejoke.?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.letoff

B.letdown

C.letout

D.letup

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)letoff“寬恕，準(zhǔn)許”；B選項(xiàng)letdown“使失望”；C選項(xiàng)letout“發(fā)出，泄露”；D選項(xiàng)letup“停止，放松”。根據(jù)句意“當(dāng)HenryFord教授講這個(gè)笑話時(shí)，所有學(xué)生都大笑起來?！边@里是指發(fā)出笑聲，所以選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

7.單選題

Thepsychologistswerepleasedthattheirtheoryhadbeen（

）bythenewresearch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fortified

B.altered

C.disputed

D.developed

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。fortify“加強(qiáng)，支持，證實(shí)”；alter“改變”；dispute“辯論，爭論”；develop“發(fā)展，形成”；根據(jù)句意‘心理學(xué)家非常高興，因?yàn)樽钚碌难芯浚?/p>

）他們的理論?！_定A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Threeweeksafterthesuicidebombing,thepolicewerestillhuntingforbombersfortheybelievemorewere（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onthevergeof

B.onthesly

C.onthespot

D.ontheloss

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。onthevergeof“瀕臨于；接近于”；onthesly“偷偷地”；

onthespot“在場；立刻；處于困境”；ontheloss一般與of連用表示“喪失”，此處填的介詞短語應(yīng)該與爆炸案件有關(guān)，所以此處只能選擇onthespot表示“在場”（這里指的是在案發(fā)現(xiàn)場）。句意：自殺爆炸事件過去三周之后，警察仍然在搜捕爆炸者，因?yàn)樗麄兿嘈拧娜丝赡芨?。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

9.翻譯題

1.OneofthefastestgrowingareasinInternetapplicationsistheadoptionofInternettechnologiesforthedevelopmentofcorporatenetworks.ManypublicsectorsandcommercialorganizationsthroughouttheworldareacceleratingtheirpacesinbuildingcorporatenetworksbasedonInternettechnologies,allowingthemtorollouttheirprivate“Intranets”.TheseIntranetsareusedtosupportenterpriseapplicationsandcommunicationsbothinsideandoutsidethecorporatefirewall.

2.IntranetisthenewbuzzwordreferringtotheuseoffastgrowingandrelativelyinexpensiveInternettechnologiesforthedevelopmentofenterpriseinformationandcommunicationsystems.Itgenerallyinvolvestwokeytypesofsoftware:the“browser”whichallowsuserstoscanthenetworkforusefulinformationandthe“server”whichstoresandorganizestheinformation.MajorITvendorshaveannouncedorareplanningtoannounceproductsandserviceswhichwillhelptheircustomersinrealizingthecompetitiveadvantagesmadepossiblebythesenewtechnologies.Forexample,OracleandSybasehaveunveiledtheirplanstointroducebrowsersthatincludeapplicationdevelopmenttoolsbasedonJava,aprogramminglanguagelicensedfromSunMicrosystemsInc.Thesenewtoolsetswillallowdeveloperstowritenetwork-connection-ready,web-enabledapplicationsthatlinktocorporatedatabases.

ThecreationofprivateintranetsprovidesopportunitiesforcompaniestousetheWebasacomplementoranalternativefortraditionalinternalnetworking,applicationdevelopmenttoolsandgroupwareproducts.3.Forexample,MorganStanleyandTurnerBroadcastinghavesuccessfullyimplementedtheirownIntranetswhichallowtheiremployeestoshareinformation,collaborateonprojects,andtocreateveryeffectiveworkgroupsspreadingacrosslargegeographicalregions.

WithimprovedsecuritydesignontheIntranetwhichcanbebridgedintotheInternet,manycompaniesaredevelopingnewbusinessapplicationswhichwerenottechnicallyfeasiblenoreconomicallyviableinthepast.Forexample,shippingcompaniesandcouriercompaniescanbuildcargoandparceltrackingsystemswhichallowtheirinternationalcustomers,anywhereintheworld,tologontotheirlocalInternetnetworkstoaccesssecureddatabasestoretrievethelatestinformationabouttheirshipments.

OneofthemostoftenquotedcriticismsofInternetwhenbeingconsideredforseriousbusinessapplicationsisitssecurityrisk,oritsperceivedinadequacyofsecurityfeatures.ManyfeelthattheInternetisdistributedand“uncontrolled”.Byitsveryownnature,thereisnosingleorganizationowningtheInternet,runningitorcanbeheldresponsibleforitintheconventionalsense.Intrusionmaycomefromanywhereintheworld.Tofurthercomplicatethematter,legislationandlawenforcementconcerningelectroniccrimesvarygreatlyfromonecountrytoanother.ThispresentsgreatchallengesintheprosecutionofcrimescommittedusingtheInternet.

Whilesomeofthesefeelingsandobservationsarecorrect,manyInternettechnologyprovidersthroughouttheworldareworkingveryaggressivelyinsolvingtheproblemsconcerningInternetsecurity.Usingcryptographictechniquesandnetworkmanagementtechnologies,Internetcanbeassecuredasanyprivatenetworksusedinthefinancial,commercialandnationaldefenseapplications.

TheInternetisaglobaltechnology.Itwillaffect,inmanyaspects,thewaythatweinteractwithpeople,conductourbusinesstransactions.Itwillalsochangethewaythatweacquireandshareexperienceandknowledge.4.Itunavoidablywillalteroursenseofcommunityandremovesomeoftheconstraintspreviouslyassociatedwithgeographicalboundaries.TheInternetandIntranetarepresentingopportunitiesandchallengestoindividualsandenterprises.Theywillrewardthosewiththeabilityandvisiontoharnesstheirpower,realizingtheirconstraintsandcapableofdevelopingsolutionsinovercomingtheselimitations.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】（1）互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用中發(fā)展最快的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域采用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)開發(fā)企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。全世界許多政府部門和商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)正加快步伐，創(chuàng)建基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，允許它們推銷秘密的“內(nèi)聯(lián)網(wǎng)”。

（2）“內(nèi)聯(lián)網(wǎng)”是一個(gè)時(shí)髦術(shù)語，指用發(fā)展迅速、相對(duì)廉價(jià)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)開發(fā)企業(yè)信息和通訊系統(tǒng)。內(nèi)聯(lián)網(wǎng)一般包含兩種重要的軟件：瀏覽器和服務(wù)器。前者允許用戶瀏覽網(wǎng)絡(luò)以獲取有用信息，后者儲(chǔ)存并整理信息。

（3）例如，摩根斯坦利金融公司和特納廣播公司成功地完成了各自的內(nèi)聯(lián)網(wǎng)，這些內(nèi)聯(lián)網(wǎng)使兩家公司的雇員共享信息，共同承擔(dān)項(xiàng)目并創(chuàng)建遍及各大洲的、效果明顯的工作組。

（4）互聯(lián)網(wǎng)必然會(huì)改變我們的社區(qū)意識(shí)并消除以往跟地理疆界聯(lián)系在一起的種種限制。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和內(nèi)聯(lián)網(wǎng)給個(gè)人和企業(yè)帶來機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)，這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)獎(jiǎng)賞有能力和遠(yuǎn)見的人利用自己的權(quán)力，在種種局限發(fā)生時(shí)，能找到克服局限性的方案。

10.翻譯題

Likewaistlinesinmanyprosperouscountries,cellphonesaregoingXXLandsomeoftheirownersarestrugglingtotuckthemin.

JeremyRoche,47yearsold,ownsaSamsungGalaxyNoteIIphonethatisabout75%largerthantheoriginalAppleInc.iPhone,androughlythesizeandheftofanextra-largeHershey’schocolatebar,withaboutaninchnibbledofftheend.It“didfeelweird”atfirsttoholdhisbigphonetohisheadforcalls,hesays,butnowheloveshisamplescreen.

Afteryearsofevolutionfrombrick-sizemonstrositiesintoslimpocketdevices,cellphonesaregoinginreverse.SouthKorea'sSamsungElectronicsCo.iscredited—orblamed一withbringingbigphonesbackintothemainstreamwithdevicesliketheoriginal5.3-inchNote,introducedoutsidetheU.S.inlate2011.

Sometechreviewersatthetimederidedthebigphoneas“silly”，and“aphonedesignedforgiants.”Butsalesboomed,andothermakershavefollowedwithstill-bigger“phablets”,astechiesarcbeginningtocallthem—acrossbetweenaphoneandatablet.

FaresFayad,a39-year-oldconsultantinDubai,saysheusedtothinka3.5-inchcellphonescreenwasjustright,untilhetriedtheiPhone5,whichhasa4-inchscreen.“Idon’tbelieveIcangobacktotheslightlysmallerscreen,”Mr.Fayadsays,

Someergonomicsexpertsworrylamephonescouldposeaninjuryrisk.“Asthestretchtoreachallareasofthescreenincreases,wemightstarttoseemoreseriousrepetitivestressinjurieslikelytothethumbsinlargertouch-screendevices”,saysAnthonyAndre,aprofessorofhumanfactorsandergonomicsatSanJoseStateUniversity.

【答案】就像許多富裕國家居民的腰圍一樣，如今手機(jī)的尺寸也在逐漸增大，一些手機(jī)用戶在費(fèi)盡心思想把它們?nèi)M(jìn)自己的兜里。

在經(jīng)歷了多年來從磚頭般的龐然大物向小巧口袋設(shè)備的演變后，如今手機(jī)又踏上了回頭路。

有的科技評(píng)論家當(dāng)時(shí)曾譏諷這款巨型手機(jī)“傻傻的”、“專為巨人設(shè)計(jì)”。

但巨型手機(jī)的銷量卻實(shí)現(xiàn)了激增，其他手機(jī)生產(chǎn)商也紛紛跟風(fēng)推出了越來越大的、科技專家開始稱之為“平板手機(jī)”的產(chǎn)品手機(jī)和平板電腦的跨界組合。

人類工程學(xué)的一些專家擔(dān)心巨型手機(jī)可能會(huì)帶來損傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。由于觸控全屏需增加拉伸的幅度，我們可能會(huì)開始看到越來越多由大型觸屏電子設(shè)備引發(fā)的嚴(yán)重累積性-創(chuàng)傷失調(diào)，例如對(duì)拇指的損害。

11.單選題

I’dratheryou（）bytrain,becauseIcan’tbeartheideaofyourbeinginanairplaneinsuchbadweather.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.went

B.wouldgo

C.shouldgo

D.hadgone

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。wouldrather后接句子時(shí)，句子謂語習(xí)慣上要用虛擬語氣，常用一般過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿＞湟猓何覍幵改阕疖嚾?，因?yàn)槲覠o法忍受你在這種糟糕的天氣還要乘飛機(jī)的想法。動(dòng)詞go的一般過去式為went，故選A。

12.單選題

The（

）inJanet’scharacterhashinderedherfromadvancementinhercareer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.weakness

B.merit

C.defect

D.shortcoming

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。weakness“弱點(diǎn)，嗜好”；merit“優(yōu)點(diǎn)，長處”；defect“缺點(diǎn)，缺陷”；shortcoming“缺點(diǎn)，短處”。句意：Janet性格上的缺陷阻礙了她的事業(yè)上升。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.單選題

Therewasabigholeintheroadwhich（

）thetraffic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.setback

B.stoodback

C.heldup

D.keptdown

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析題。setback推遲，使...受挫折；standback退后；holdup舉起，阻擋，攔截；keepdown控制，鎮(zhèn)壓。

句意：路上有個(gè)大坑，阻礙了交通。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

14.單選題

（

）thatmyheadhadcleared,mybrainwasalsobeginningtoworkmuchbetter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.For

B.Now

C.Since

D.Despite

【答案】B

【解析】考查邏輯連詞。for、since通常表示原因，不和that連用，nowthat“既然，因?yàn)?，由于”；despite“盡管”。句意：由于我的頭腦清醒了，我的大腦也開始運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)得更好了。前后句因果關(guān)系，故B項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Shewasanexperiencedtravelerwhohad（

）bothAfricaandEuropeinhertwenties.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.traversed

B.transferred

C.trampled

D.trespassed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形似詞辨析。traversed橫越，穿過；transferred使轉(zhuǎn)移，使調(diào)動(dòng)；trampled踐踏，無視；trespass侵占，侵入。句意：她是一個(gè)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的旅行者，在她二十多歲的時(shí)候就穿越了非洲和歐洲。只有A項(xiàng)符合題意，答案A

16.單選題

Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefighters.We’repushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.I’vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.Weseeourkids’collegebackgroundasaprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedthem.Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe’vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn’tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.

Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughprizestogoaround.Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.Underlyingthehysteriaisthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducatinganddevelopbettercontacts.Allthatisplausible—andmostlywrong.Wehaven’tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters.Selectiveschoolsdon’tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanless-selectiveschools.Ontwomeasures—professors’feedbackandthenumberofessayexams―selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.

Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates’lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2-4%forevery100-pointincreaseinaschool’saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke.Awell-knownstudyexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.GettingintoYalemaysignifyintelligence,talentandambition.Butit’snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisn’tlife’sonlycompetition.Inthenextcompetition—thejobmarketandgraduateschool―theresultsmaychange.Old-boynetworksarebreakingdown.PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.

So,parents,lightenup.Thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerated.Uptoapoint,wecanrationalizeourpushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.Buttoomuchpushinesscanbedestructive.TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtobeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.

1.Whydoestheauthorsaythatparentsarethetruefightersinthecollege-admissionswars?

2.Whydoparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolthanever?

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Kidscountmorethantheircolleges”(Line5，Para.3)?

4.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?

5.Onepossibleresultofpushingchildrenintoeliteuniversitiesisthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavethefinalsayinwhichuniversitytheirchildrenaretoattend

B.Theyknowbestwhichuniversitiesaremostsuitablefortheirchildren

C.Theyhavetocarryoutintensivesurveysofcollegesbeforechildrenmakeanapplication

D.Theycaremoreaboutwhichcollegetheirchildrengotothanthechildrenthemselves

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theywanttoincreasetheirchildren’schancesofenteringaprestigiouscollege

B.Theyhopetheirchildrencanenterauniversitythatoffersattractivescholarships

C.Theirchildrenwillhaveawiderchoiceofwhichcollegetogoto

D.Eliteuniversitiesnowenrollfewerstudentsthantheyusedto

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Continuingeducationismoreimportanttoaperson’ssuccess

B.Aperson’shappinessshouldbevaluedmorethanhiseducation

C.Kids’actualabilitiesaremoreimportantthantheircollegebackground

D.Whatkidslearnatcollegecannotkeepupwithjobmarketrequirements

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.GettingintoPh.D.programsmaybelesscompetitivethangettingintocollege

B.Degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdonotguaranteeentrytograduateprograms

C.GraduatesfromprestigiousuniversitiesdonotcaremuchabouttheirGRE

D.Connectionsbuiltinprestigiousuniversitiesmaybesustainedlongaftergraduation

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theyearnlessthantheirpeersfromotherinstitutions

B.theyturnouttobelesscompetitiveinthejobmarket

C.theyexperiencemorejobdissatisfactionaftergraduation

D.theyoveremphasizetheirqualificationsinjobapplication

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem.”，中文翻譯為：但我們卻不承認(rèn)我們的癡迷（對(duì)上首選大學(xué)）更多是關(guān)于我們自己而非他們（指自己的小孩）。可以得知D選項(xiàng)“相比小孩自己，他們更關(guān)心自己的小孩去哪所大學(xué)上學(xué)”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段“Weseeourkids’collegebackgroundasaprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedthem.”，中文翻譯為：我們將自己小孩的大學(xué)背景當(dāng)成展示我們?cè)鯓雍芎玫仞B(yǎng)育他們的一種獎(jiǎng)賞。以及原文第二段“Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughprizetogoaround.”，中文翻譯為：我們有完全成熟的名譽(yù)恐慌，我們擔(dān)心沒有充足的獎(jiǎng)賞。可知A選項(xiàng)“他們想增加自己小孩進(jìn)入著名大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)”為正確答案。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段“PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.”，中文翻譯為：普林斯頓大學(xué)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家AlanKrueger對(duì)入學(xué)一個(gè)頂級(jí)博士項(xiàng)目的學(xué)生的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國研究生入學(xué)考試的高分?jǐn)?shù)有助于解釋誰考上了大學(xué)，而名牌大學(xué)的學(xué)位卻沒有。可以得知C選項(xiàng)“小孩的實(shí)際能力比他們的大學(xué)背景更重要”符合題意。

4.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由B項(xiàng)“著名大學(xué)的學(xué)位不保證學(xué)生進(jìn)入研究生項(xiàng)目”可以定位到文章第三段中“PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.”，中文翻譯為：普林斯頓大學(xué)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家AlanKrueger對(duì)入學(xué)一個(gè)頂級(jí)博士項(xiàng)目的學(xué)生的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國研究生入學(xué)考試的高分?jǐn)?shù)有助于解釋誰考上了大學(xué)，而名牌大學(xué)的學(xué)位卻沒有。故選B。

5.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第四段“Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.”，中文翻譯為：一個(gè)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在其他事情一樣的情況下，精英學(xué)校的畢業(yè)生經(jīng)歷更多的工作不如意。判斷出答案為C項(xiàng)“他們?cè)诋厴I(yè)后經(jīng)歷更多的工作不如意”。

17.單選題

YoucanarriveinBeijingearlierforthemeeting（）youdon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.provided

B.unless

C.though

D.until

【答案】A

【解析】考査連詞。provided假如,

倘若；unless除非,

如果不；though雖然,

盡管；until直到。句意：如果你不介意做晚上的火車的話，你可以提前抵達(dá)北京開會(huì)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

18.單選題

Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologistMarkLaudenslager,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewhealitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,not'theexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.

Otherresearchersagree,JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicinehasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon'tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists'suspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisOneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.

Oneofthemoststartingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.In1975psychologistRobertAderattheUniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineconditioned（便形成條件反射）micetoavoidsaccharin（糖精）bysimultaneouslyfeedingthemthesweeterandinjectingthemwithadrugthatwhilesuppressingtheirimmunesystemscausedstomachupsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.Inordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthesweetener,Aderexposedtheanimalstosaccharin,thistimewithoutthedrug,andwasastonishedtofindthatthosemicethathadreceivedthe'highestamountsofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioningdied.Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.

1.Laudenslager'sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhoturnofftheelectricity（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto（

）.

3.ThereasonwhythemiceinAcer'sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat

（

）.

4.The