考研考博-英語-山西師范大學(xué)現(xiàn)代文理學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西師范大學(xué)現(xiàn)代文理學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

沒有改革開放，就沒有今天的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

祖國的地下到處都是埋藏著豐富的礦產(chǎn)資源。

弄得不好，就會(huì)前功盡棄。

不經(jīng)一事，不長一智。

青年人和老年人不同，女青年和老太太也不同，不考慮這些情況，恐怕就解決不好“代溝”問題。

【答案】Withoutthereformandopening-up,theeconomicwillnotbewelldevelopedliketoday.

Therearerichmineralresourcesatundergroundofourmotherland.

Ifscrewup,you'llbacktosquareone.

Afallinthepit;againinthewit.

Theyoungdiffersfromtheoldwhiletheyoungwomenandoldladyvaryalot,withoutattentiontothis,it'shardtosolvethe“generationgap”.

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

夫妻財(cái)產(chǎn)同樣屬于共同財(cái)產(chǎn)。

刑法不得溯及既往。

法院駁回了原告的訴訟主張。

他對債務(wù)負(fù)主要責(zé)任。

本合同的任何改動(dòng)或修正必須作為書面方能產(chǎn)生效力。

【答案】Maritalpropertyisalsopartofthecommonproperty.

Thecriminallawshallnotberetroactive.

Thecourtrejectedtheplaintiffsclaim.

Hewasmainlyresponsibleforthedebt.

Anychangesormodificationofthiscontractmustbewritteninordertobeeffective.

3.單選題

Globalwarmingposesathreattotheearth,buthumanscanprobablyeasetheclimatethreatsbroughtonbyrisinglevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,globalclimatespecialistRichardAlleytoldanaudienceattheUniversityofVermont,AlleysaidhisresearchinGreenlandsuggestedthatsubtlechangesinatmosphericpatternsleavepartsoftheglobesusceptibletoabruptanddramaticclimateshiftsthatcanlastdecadesorcenturies.

Almostallscientistsagreethatincreasinglevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmospherecreatedashumansburnfossilfueliswarmingtheplanet.Howtorespondtothewarmingisamatterofintensepolitical,scientificandeconomicdebateworldwide.

Alleysaidhewasupbeataboutglobalwarmingbecauseenoughcleverpeopleexistedintheworldtofindotherreliableenergysourcesbesidesfossilfuels.Hesaidpeoplecangetrichfindingmarketablealternativestofossilfuel.“Wouldn’titbeusefuliftheUnitedStatesweretohaveapieceoftheaction.Wouldn’titbeusefulifsomebrightstudentsfromUniversityofVermontweretohaveapieceoftheaction,”Alleysaid.

AlleysaidthatEuropeandpartsofeasternNorthAmericacouldinamatterofafewyearsreverttoacold,windyregion,liketheweatherinSiberia.Suchshiftshaveoccurredfrequentlyoverthemillennia,Alley’sresearchshows.Agradualchangeinatmospherictemperature,suchasglobalwarming,couldpushtheclimatetoathresholdwheresuchashiftsuddenlyoccurs,hesaid.

Alleytoldhisaudienceofabout200peopleinaUniversityofVermontlecturehallWednesdayeveningthathecouldn’tpredictif,whenorwheresuddenshiftstowardcold,heat,droughtorwatercouldoccurunderglobalwarming,butitissomethingeveryoneshouldconsider.

“Thisisnotthebiggestproblemintheworld.Thebiggestproblemintheworldisgettingalongwitheachother.Butit’spartofthatbecausewe’renotgoingtogetalongwitheachotherifwe’renotgettingalongwiththeplanet,”Alleysaid.

1.AccordingtoAlleytheclimatethreatstotheearthbroughtbyglobalwarming（）.

2.Alley’sresearchshowsthatdramaticclimatechangesmaybecausedby（）.

3.Theword“upbeat”(inParagraph3)probablymeans（）.

4.WhatdoesAlleysuggestpeopledoinordertoreduceglobalwarming?

5.AlleypredictsthatglobalwarmingcouldturnEuropeandpartsofeasternNorthAmericainto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.canbeeasedt

B.canbeendedt

C.willbecomeworset

D.willlastfordecadest

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.abruptchangesinatmosphericpatternst

B.subtlechangesinatmosphericpatternst

C.humans’burningoffossilfuelt

D.increasinglevelsofcarbondioxidet

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.pessimistict

B.optimistict

C.worriedt

D.insensiblet

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Tofindotherenergysourcesbesidesfossilfuels.t

B.Tostartapolitical,scientificandeconomicdebate.t

C.Totakeactiontoburnnofossilfuels.t

D.Tocallonpeopleworldwidetoprotectourearth.t

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.aregionlikeSiberiat

B.awarmerandwarmerplacet

C.atropicalregiont

D.aplacelikeNorthPole

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)Alley的說法，全球變暖給地球帶來的氣候威脅……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第一段第一句Globalwarmingposesathreattotheearth,buthumanscanprobablyeasetheclimatethreatsbroughtonbyrisinglevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,globalclimatespecialistRichardAlleytoldanaudienceattheUniversityofVermont（全球氣候?qū)＜依聿榈?阿利在佛蒙特大學(xué)的一次演講中表示，全球變暖對地球構(gòu)成威脅，但人類或許可以緩解大氣中二氧化碳含量上升帶來的氣候威脅），由此可知A項(xiàng)“可以得到緩解”正確。B項(xiàng)“可以結(jié)束”和C項(xiàng)“會(huì)變得更糟糕”文中沒有提及；D項(xiàng)“會(huì)持續(xù)數(shù)十年”，根據(jù)第一段AlleysaidhisresearchinGreenlandsuggestedthatsubtlechangesinatmosphericpatternsleavepartsoftheglobesusceptibletoabruptanddramaticclimateshiftsthatcanlastdecadesorcenturies（阿利說，他在格陵蘭島的研究表明，大氣模式的微妙變化使全球部分地區(qū)容易受到可能持續(xù)數(shù)十年或數(shù)百年的突然和劇烈氣候變化的影響）可知，D項(xiàng)內(nèi)容比較片面。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“阿利的研究表明，劇烈的氣候變化可能是由于……”。根據(jù)第一段最后一句AlleysaidhisresearchinGreenlandsuggestedthatsubtlechangesinatmosphericpatternsleavepartsoftheglobesusceptibletoabruptanddramaticclimateshiftsthatcanlastdecadesorcenturies（阿利說，他在格陵蘭島的研究表明，大氣模式的微妙變化使全球部分地區(qū)容易受到可能持續(xù)數(shù)十年或數(shù)百年的突然和劇烈氣候變化的影響）可知，劇烈的氣候變化可能是由于大氣模式的微妙變化；因此B項(xiàng)“大氣模式的細(xì)微變化”正確。A項(xiàng)“大氣模式的突變”，內(nèi)容與原文相反；C項(xiàng)“人類燃燒化石燃料”和D項(xiàng)“不斷增加的二氧化碳含量”是表面現(xiàn)象，故不選。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:語義推測題。題干意思是“第三段的‘upbeat’的意思可能是……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第三段開頭Alleysaidhewasupbeataboutglobalwarmingbecauseenoughcleverpeopleexistedintheworldtofindotherreliableenergysourcesbesidesfossilfuels.（阿利說，他對全球變暖持upbeat的態(tài)度，因?yàn)槭澜缟嫌凶銐蚨嗟穆斆魅四軌蛘业交剂弦酝獾钠渌煽磕茉矗瑥木渥拥暮蟀氩糠挚梢酝茰y，因?yàn)橛凶銐蚨嗟娜四軌蛘业娇商娲哪茉矗訟lley對全球變暖是比較樂觀的態(tài)度，所以upbeat這里表示的是“樂觀的”，故B項(xiàng)“樂觀的”正確。A項(xiàng)“悲觀的，厭世的”、C項(xiàng)“擔(dān)憂的”和D項(xiàng)“麻木不仁的”均不正確，無法從文章中推敲出來。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“為了減少全球變暖，阿利建議人們做什么？”。根據(jù)第三段第二句Hesaidpeoplecangetrichfindingmarketablealternativestofossilfuel（他說，人們可以通過尋找豐富的有市場價(jià)值的化石燃料替代品）可知，A項(xiàng)“尋找化石燃料之外的其他能源”正確。B項(xiàng)“開始一場政治、科學(xué)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的辯論”沒有提到；C項(xiàng)“采取行動(dòng)不燃燒化石燃料”，這只是一部分，不夠全面；D項(xiàng)“號召全世界的人們保護(hù)我們的地球”也沒有提及。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“阿利預(yù)測，全球變暖將使歐洲和北美東部部分地區(qū)變成……”。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句AlleysaidthatEuropeandpartsofeasternNorthAmericacouldinamatterofafewyearsreverttoacold,windyregion,liketheweatherinSiberia.（阿利說，歐洲和北美東部部分地區(qū)可能在幾年內(nèi)恢復(fù)到寒冷多風(fēng)的地區(qū)，就像西伯利亞的天氣一樣），由此可知A項(xiàng)“像西伯利亞這樣的地區(qū)”正確。B項(xiàng)“一個(gè)越來越暖和的地方”和C項(xiàng)“熱帶地區(qū)”內(nèi)容與原文相反；D項(xiàng)“像北極這樣的地方”，原文提到了“就像西伯利亞的天氣一樣”，所以D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Nowadaysmoneyisstillamajor（

）inmostoccupations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incentive

B.meticulous

C.formative

D.provision

【答案】A

【解析】Incentive動(dòng)機(jī)，刺激，激勵(lì)；meticulous一絲不茍的，小心翼翼的；formative形成的，造型的，格式化的；provision規(guī)定，條款，供應(yīng)物。句意：如今，在大多數(shù)職業(yè)中，金錢仍然是主要的激勵(lì)因素。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

5.單選題

Earthquakesarethemostlethalofallnaturaldisasters.Whatcausesthem?Geologistsexplainthemintermsofatheoryknownasplatestectonics.Continentsarefloatingapartfromeachother,thisisreferredtoasthecontinentaldrift.Aboutsixtymilesbelowthesurfaceofthesea,thereisasemi-moltenbedofrockoverwhichplates,orslabs,carrycontinentsandseafloorsatarateofseveralinchesayear.Astheplatesseparatefromeachother,anewseafloorisformedbythemoltenmatterthatwasformerlybeneath.Volcanicislandsandlargemountainrangesarecreatedbythistypeofmovement.ThecollisionofplatecausesgeographicalinstabilitysuchasthatinCaliforniacalledtheSanAndreasFaultlocatedbetweenthePacificandNorthAmericaplates.Theplatesthereareconstantlypushingandpullingadjacentplates,therebycreatingtremorsandapotentialforearthquakesinthearea.

Geologistswouldliketobeabletopredictearthquakesaccurately.Usinglaserbeams,seismographs,gravity-measuringdevices,andradiotelescopes,theyarepresentlystudyingtheSanAndreaFaulttodeterminetherateofstainandtheamountofgroundslippage.Calculationsindicatethatsometimewithinthenexttenyears:Californiawillbestruckbyamajorearthquake.

Inspiteofthegeologiststheoryofplatetectonics,therearestillgapsinman’sunderstandingandknowledgeofthecausesofearthquakes.Powerfulearthquakeshaveoccurredinplaceswhereplateboundariesarehundredsofmilesaway.Inthe1800s,NewMadrid,MissouriandCharleston,SouthCarolina,wereshakenbyearthquakesthatnoonehadforeseen.

Certainareasoftheworldarequakeprone,Italy,Yugoslavia,andAlgeriahaveexperiencedmanyquakes.InNovember1980,Napleswasstruckbyanespeciallydevastatingquake.ChinaandJapanhavealsohitbyhorrendous(terrible)quakes.In1923,TokyoandYokohamawerereducedtorubblebygigantictremorsthatwerefollowedbyfires,tornadoes,andfinallyathirly-four-foottsunami,ortidalwave,whichwascausedbytheEarth’sdropintothewatersofTokyoBay.Morethan150,000peoplediedinthatearthquake.

Whateffectshavegeologistspredictionsofearthquakehad?TheChineseinHaichengin1974werewarnedthatanearthquakemightoccurwithinthenextyearortwo.Withthehelpofamateurseismologistsobservationsofanimalbehaviorandtheriseandfallofwaterinwellsandmeasurementsofradioactivegasinwater,professionalgeologistswereable,inJanuary1975,topredictanearthquakewithinthenextsixmonths.OnFebruary4,Haichengwasdestroyed,butbecauseitsresidentshadbeenevacuated,veryfewpeoplewerekilled.InCalifornia,whereearthquakeisanever-presentmenace,buildingcodesnowrequirequakeproofstructures,andCivilDefenseunitshaveintensifiedtheirtraininginhowtodealwithdisastershoulditstrikeor,perhapsmoreaccurately,whenitstrikes.Shouldpredictionsofaquakewithinthenexttenyearsbeaccurate,manyCaliforniansmaybeabletosaveboththeirlivesandtheirproperty.

1.Continentaldriftistheconceptthat（

）.

2.Ifpredictionsarecorrect,California（

）.

3.Californiansarepreparingforanearthquakeby（

）.

4.Napleswas（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.continentsaredrawingnearertoeachother

B.continentsareseparating

C.continentsare60milesapartfromeachother

D.newcontinentsaredevelopingbeneaththesea

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Willbestruckbyanearthquakeinthenexttenyears

B.Willbesavedfromearthquakewithintenyears

C.IsunstableasaresultoftheSanAndreasFault.

D.Hasnothingtofear

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Savingtheirproperty

B.Buildingstrongerhousesandpracticingtechniquestohandleemergencies

C.IgnoringtheSunAndreasFault

D.movingtoanotherstate

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.notdamagedmuchbyanearthquake

B.struckbyahorrendousearthquake

C.struckbyanearthquakealongtimeage

D.preparedforanearthquake

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.BuildingcodesinCalifornia

B.ObservationofanimalbehaviorinChina

C.Causeandpredictionofearthquake

D.Devastatingearthquakes

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘大陸漂移說是怎樣一個(gè)概念？’根據(jù)文章第—段第四句“Continentsarefloatingapartfromeachother,thisisreferredtoasthecontinentaldrift.“大陸之間是相互分離的，這被稱為大陸漂移?！?，所以B選項(xiàng)“大陸是分離開的”正確。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘如果預(yù)言是正確的，加利福尼亞會(huì)怎樣？’根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“Calculationsindicatethatsometimewithinthenexttenyears:Californiawillbestruckbyamajorearthquake.計(jì)算表明，在未來10年內(nèi)的某個(gè)時(shí)候，加利福尼亞將遭受一次大地震的襲擊。”確定A選項(xiàng)“將在接下來的10年內(nèi)受到地震的打擊”正確；根據(jù)文章最后一段“Shouldpredictionsofaquakewithinthenexttenyearsbeaccurate,manyCaliforniansmaybeabletosaveboththeirlivesandtheirproperty.如果對未來十年地震的預(yù)測是準(zhǔn)確的，許多加州人也許能夠挽救他們的生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)?！?，確定B選項(xiàng)“可以使它在接下來的10年內(nèi)免遭地震”錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“由于圣安徳烈亞斯斷層它會(huì)不穩(wěn)定”和D選項(xiàng)“沒有什么需要害怕的”文中沒有提及，排除；所以A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘加利福尼亞人為了應(yīng)對地震正在做什么準(zhǔn)備？’根據(jù)文中最后一段最后一句“InCalifornia,whereearthquakeisanever-presentmenace,buildingcodesnowrequirequakeproofstructures,andCivilDefenseunitshaveintensifiedtheirtraininginhowtodealwithdisastershoulditstrikeor,perhapsmoreaccurately,whenitstrikes.在加州，地震是一種無處不在的威脅，建筑規(guī)范現(xiàn)在要求防震結(jié)構(gòu)，民防部隊(duì)已經(jīng)加強(qiáng)了如何應(yīng)對地震襲擊的訓(xùn)練，或者更準(zhǔn)確地說，當(dāng)?shù)卣鹨u擊時(shí)如何應(yīng)對?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)“建造更堅(jiān)固的房子和練習(xí)處理緊急事件的技巧”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘那不勒斯是怎樣的？’根據(jù)文章第四段第二句“InNovember1980,Napleswasstruckbyanespeciallydevastatingquake.1980年11月，那不勒斯發(fā)生了一場毀滅性的地震?！保_定B選項(xiàng)“遭受了可怕的地震”正確。

5.主旨大意題。題干詢問‘這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是…？’文章一直圍繞著地震發(fā)生的原因和預(yù)測這個(gè)話題展開描述的，所以C選項(xiàng)“地震發(fā)生的原因和預(yù)測”正確；文章只是說加州為了應(yīng)對地震采取了建筑法規(guī)等措施，所以A選項(xiàng)“加利福尼亞的建筑法規(guī)”錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“中國對于動(dòng)物行為的觀察”，屬于文章的一部分細(xì)節(jié)信息描述，不是主主旨題，所以不正確；文中只是舉例了一些毀滅性的地震，但這個(gè)不是文章主題，所以選項(xiàng)D“毀滅性的地震”不正確；C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

6.單選題

PenguinsdonotsufferfromthecoldinAntarcticabecausetheirfeathers（）aprotectiveoil.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.secrete

B.warm

C.hide

D.absorb

【答案】A

【解析】secrete藏匿,分泌；warm使...溫暖；hide隱藏；absorb吸收,承受。句意：企鵝在南極洲不受寒冷的影響,因?yàn)樗鼈兊挠鹈置谝环N保護(hù)性的油。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

7.翻譯題

Employersneedtobetterunderstandpeoplewhoaredisabled.MostofustakeoffenceattheassumptionthatcollectingSocialSecurityIncomecanprovideuseverythingweneed.Unemploymentishumiliatingandawfullyboring,andthere’snomeaningthere.Excludingsomeonebecauseheorshehasadisabilitythatdoesnotaffectperformanceisequivalenttowrongssuchashiringbasedonrace.Everyonedeservestohavetheopportunitytodoagoodjob,andasaresulthaveasenseofprideinbeingapartofsociety.

【答案】【參考譯文】雇主需要更好地了解身體有障礙的人。一想到領(lǐng)取社會(huì)保障收入就能提供我們所需要的一切，我們大多數(shù)人都感到很生氣。失業(yè)是恥辱的，而且非常無聊，沒有任何意義。一個(gè)人的殘疾并不影響他或她的工作表現(xiàn)，但是卻因?yàn)檫@個(gè)而將他或她排除在外，這是錯(cuò)誤的做法，這種錯(cuò)誤無異于種族歧視。每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該有機(jī)會(huì)做好工作，并因此對成為社會(huì)的一份子而感到自豪。

8.單選題

Formanypatients,institutionalcareisthemost______andbeneficialformofcare.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pertinent

B.appropriate

C.acute

D.persistent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)pertinent“（說話，話題等）切題的，（意見，建議等）相關(guān)的”；B選項(xiàng)appropriate“恰當(dāng)?shù)?，適當(dāng)?shù)摹?；C選項(xiàng)acute“十分嚴(yán)重的，(疾病)急性的，靈敏的”；D選項(xiàng)persistent“持久的，持續(xù)的”。句意：對許多病人來說，機(jī)構(gòu)護(hù)理是最適當(dāng)和最有益的護(hù)理形式。

9.單選題

Summerholidaysspentonthehotghettostreetsare______thetimemiddle-classstudentsdevotetocamps,exoticvacationsandhighlyorganizedsports.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ashardlyculturallyenrichingas

B.ashardlyenrichingcultureas

C.hardlyasculturallyenrichingas

D.hardlyasculturalenrichingas

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞用法。句意：在貧民窟炎熱的街道上度過暑假，在文化的豐富程度遠(yuǎn)不及中產(chǎn)階級學(xué)生在夏令營、海外旅行和組織有序的體育活動(dòng)上度過暑假。根據(jù)be動(dòng)詞are確定enriching為形容詞，用副詞culturally修飾形容詞，排除B、D選項(xiàng)；根據(jù)hardly修飾asculturallyenrichingas確定hardly放在最前面，所以C選項(xiàng)hardlyasculturallyenrichingas

符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

TheMarinesattackedthesouthbeachatdaybreak;（

）asadiversionarymaneuver,acompanylandedonthenorthsideoftheisland.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.previously

B.later

C.simultaneously

D.subsequently

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)previously“以前；預(yù)先”；B選項(xiàng)later“后來；稍后”；C選項(xiàng)simultaneously“同時(shí)地”；D選項(xiàng)subsequently“隨后；后來”。句意：海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊(duì)在黎明時(shí)襲擊了南海灘；······作為轉(zhuǎn)移注意力的策略，一個(gè)連在島的北側(cè)登陸。上一句說的“開始攻擊南邊”與空格處的“在北邊登陸”應(yīng)同時(shí)進(jìn)行，否則失去了轉(zhuǎn)移注意力的意義。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Untilthen,hisfamily（）fromhimforsixyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.didn’thear

B.hasn’tbeenhearing

C.hadn’theard

D.hasn’theard

【答案】C

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。題干中有關(guān)鍵的時(shí)間狀語untilthen以及forsixmonths提示謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到過去的某一時(shí)刻才完成，因此謂語要用過去完成時(shí)，表示過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情。句意：直到那時(shí)，他家里已經(jīng)六個(gè)月沒收到他的來信了。A選項(xiàng)didn'’hear,一般過去時(shí)只表示過去發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài),不能與時(shí)間狀語forsixmonths，A選項(xiàng)排除，連用.B)hasn’tbeenhearing,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)刻繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,與題意不符。C選項(xiàng)hasn’theard，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過去某一時(shí)刻到現(xiàn)在為止發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。而題中的then只表示過去的某一時(shí)刻，不能表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。由選項(xiàng)意思，固定搭配和句意可知，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

12.單選題

Theinterconnectionintheglobalfinancialsystemmeansthatifonenation（）onitssovereigndebtorentersintorecessionthatplacessomeoftheexternalprivatedebtatriskaswell,thebankingsystemofcreditornationsfacelosses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accounts

B.defaults

C.bailouts

D.switches

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。account“認(rèn)為”；default“拖欠，不履行”；bailout“緊急救助、跳傘”；switch“轉(zhuǎn)換”。句意：全球金融體系的互聯(lián)互通意味著如果一個(gè)國家的主權(quán)債務(wù)違約拖欠，或陷入衰退，導(dǎo)致部分外部私人債務(wù)也面臨風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，債權(quán)國的銀行體系將面臨損失。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

Heistooyoungtobeableto______betweenrightandwrong.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discard

B.discern

C.disperse

D.disregard

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)discard“拋棄，放棄”，B項(xiàng)discern“覺察出，識別”，C項(xiàng)disperse“分散，傳播”，D項(xiàng)disregard“忽視，無視”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞betweenrightandwrong（對與錯(cuò)之間）可推測，空格處表示“分辨，判斷，覺察”，B項(xiàng)符合。句意：他太年輕了，還不能明辨是非。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

14.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Someaccepttheirfate.Otherstrytoreasonwiththepoliceofficerwhohaspulledthemoverforsomerealorimaginedtrafficoffense.Butwhenlawenforcementisrepresentedbyacomputer-drivencamerathathasimmortalizedyourviolationonfilm—asisthecaseathundredsofintersectionsinmorethan100citiesaroundtheU.S.—it’shardtotalkyourwayoutofaheavyfine.Yetthatispreciselywhatsome300motoristsinSanDiegosucceededindoinglastweekwhenasuperiorcourtjudgerulesthatpicturestakenbytheso-calledred-lightcameraswereunreliableandthereforeunacceptable.

ThefirstU.S.Courtdecisiontorejectallthetrafficviolationscaughtoncameras;therulingbyJudgeRonaldStynhasfueleddebateoverthegrowinguseofthedevices.Policedepartmentsswear,andstudiesindicate,thattherobotcamerasdeterpeoplefromspeedingandrunningredlights.ALouHarrispollsetforreleasethisweekfindsthat69%ofAmericanssupporttheiruse.Yetatleastsevenstateshaveblockedproposalstoimplementthem,andopponents—rangingfromHousemajorityleaderDickArmeytotheAmericanCivilLibertiesUnion—arguethatthecamerasviolateprivacyandplaceprofitabovepublicsafety.

Partoftheproblemisthatvirtuallyallthedevicesinplaceareoperatedbyprivatefirmsthathandleeverythingfrominstallingthemachinerytoidentifyingviolations—oftenwithminimalpoliceoversight—andhaveanincentivetopullinasmanydriversastheycan.Thecompaniesgetpaidasmuchas$70aticket,andthetotalrevenueishardlychumpchange.SanDiegohasgotin$15.9millionlastyearandWashington$12.8million.“It’sallaboutmoney,”saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.Notso,insistsTerranceGainer,Washington’sexecutiveassistantchiefofpolice.“Wehavereducedfatalities.IfsomecompanyismakingmoneyoffthatthatisAmericanway.”

Criticscounterthattheremustbeother,lessintrusivewaystomakeintersectionssafer,suchaslengtheningtheyellowlightandaddingturnlanes.“Iobjecttothisfixationwehavewithcamerasandelectronicallygatheredinformation,”saysBan.“Itplacestoomuchconfidenceintechnology.”Thatconfidence,asWashingtonresidentshavelearned,canbemisplaced.ThecityremovedonecameralastMaythathadgeneratedmorethan19,000ticketsataparticularlyconfusingintersection.InSanDiego,faultysensorsmadedriversappeartobegoingfasterthantheyreallywere.ThecitysuspendedthesysteminJuly.

Anotherconcernisprivacy.WhilesystemsinWashington,MarylandandNorthCarolinaphotographnothingbuttherearofthecar,othersinArizona,CaliforniaandColoradotakeapictureofthedriver’sseataswell—abitofelectronicmonitoringthatcouldlandstrayingspousesintroublealotmoreseriousthanatrafficviolation.

InEurope,whererobotcamerasaredeployedbythethousandsandareevenlesspopularthantheyarehere,resentfuldrivershavestartedtotakemattersintotheirownhands,seekingouthiddencamerasandknockingthemoverwiththeircars.

1.Itismainlyindicatedinthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Thecourtdecisionlastweek________.

3.Opponents’argumentsagainstcamerasincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT________.

4.Policedepartmentbelievesthat________.

5.Thephrase“chumpchange”inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto________.

6.Accordingtothepassage,BobBarr________.

7.Thewriter’sattitudetowardsrobotcamerascanbebestexpressedas________.

8.SomedriversinEuropeancountries________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mostpeoplerespondintensivelywhencaughtintrafficoffense

B.motoristscanbewronglyaccusedbypoliceofficers

C.speederscannotdefendthemselvesbeforered-lightcameras

D.computer-drivencamerassometimesdotelllies

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.triggeredadisputeovertheuseofrobotcameras

B.excusedfewcamera-caughtviolatorsfrompunishment

C.foundfewerred-lightcamerasupportersinAmerica

D.deterredsomestatesfromimplementingcameradevices

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyintrudeintopeople’sprivacy

B.theygiveprioritytothepursuitofprofit

C.theyareoperatedbyprivatefirms

D.theyareunderthesupervisionofpolice

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.robotcamerasshouldnotbeoperatedbyprivatefirms

B.robotcamerasareeffectiveinmaintainingtrafficorder

C.speedingisthemajorcauseoftrafficfatalities

D.companiesoperatingcamerasshouldnotpursuemoney

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.trivial

B.moderate

C.enormous

D.indefinite

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.isthemajorityleaderintheHouseofRepresentatives

B.isstronglyagainsttheAmericanwayofmakingmoney

C.lacksconfidenceinmoderntechnology

D.doubtstheauthenticityofelectronicallygatheredinformation

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.negative

C.indifferent

D.uncertain

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.stronglysupportedtheuseofred-lightcameras

B.destroythousandsoftherobotcameras

C.taketheinitiativeintheuseofrobotcameras

D.takedrasticmeasureswithrobotcameras

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題干提到第一段話暗示什么。文章第一段第一句話說Someaccepttheirfate.（一些人接受了命運(yùn)（被抓到真實(shí)的或者虛假的交通違規(guī)要罰款的命運(yùn)）），根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞some可知，A選項(xiàng)“大部分人被抓到交通違規(guī)之后反應(yīng)很強(qiáng)烈”錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“摩托車司機(jī)可能會(huì)被警察錯(cuò)誤地指控了”文中沒有提及；C選項(xiàng)“超速者在被紅燈攝像頭抓到后不能為自己辯護(hù)”錯(cuò)誤，第一段這個(gè)例子就是說300名駕車者在被紅燈攝像頭抓到違規(guī)，起訴交警部門后勝訴了，所以說超速者是可以為自己辯護(hù)的；第一段最后一句話…picturestakenbytheso-calledred-lightcameraswereunreliableandthereforeunacceptable（……所謂的“紅燈攝像頭”拍攝的照片不可靠，因此不可接受），這就是說D選項(xiàng)“紅路燈會(huì)說謊”正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。句意指法院的決定產(chǎn)生了什么樣的影響。我們定位到第二段第一句話…therulingbyJudgeRonaldStynhasfueleddebateoverthegrowinguseofthedevices.（法官RonaldStyn這項(xiàng)決定更加激發(fā)了關(guān)于增加使用該設(shè)備的決定），從fueled這個(gè)詞可知并不是這項(xiàng)判決引起的討論，而是討論本身就存在，判決加重了討論，A選項(xiàng)“引發(fā)了關(guān)于是否使用攝像頭的討論”錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“判決赦免了少部分闖紅燈被抓者的處罰”；C選項(xiàng)“判決發(fā)現(xiàn)支持紅燈攝像頭的人更少”，這兩項(xiàng)文中都沒有提及；定位到第二段第三句話ALouHarrispollsetforreleasethisweekfindsthat69%ofAmericanssupporttheiruse.Yetatleastsevenstateshaveblockedproposalstoimplementthem（LouHarris將于本周發(fā)布的民意調(diào)查顯示，69%的美國人支持使用該設(shè)備。但是，至少有7個(gè)州打回了關(guān)于安裝這些設(shè)備的提案），所以D選項(xiàng)“阻止了一些州安裝攝像頭”正確。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Opponents”（反對者），我們定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第三行opponents…arguethatthecamerasviolateprivacyandplaceprofitabovepublicsafety.（反對者……認(rèn)為這些攝像頭侵犯了隱私，而且把盈利置于公共安全之上），所以A、B可以排除；再定位到第三段第一句Partoftheproblemisthatvirtuallyallthedevicesinplaceareoperatedbyprivatefirmsthathandleeverythingfrominstallingthemachinerytoidentifyingviolations—oftenwithminimalpoliceoversight—andhaveanincentivetopullinasmanydriversastheycan.（部分問題在于，幾乎所有的設(shè)備都是由私人公司操作的，他們負(fù)責(zé)從安裝機(jī)器到識別違規(guī)行為的所有事情——通常是在最少的警察監(jiān)督下——并有盡可能多地吸引司機(jī)的動(dòng)機(jī)。），這里可知C選項(xiàng)“攝像頭確實(shí)是私人公司安裝的”排除；從關(guān)鍵詞minimal可知D選項(xiàng)“攝像頭是在警察的監(jiān)控之下的”是錯(cuò)誤的，所以答案選D。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞policedepartmentbelieves我們定位到文章第二段第二句：Policedepartmentsswear,andstudiesindicate,thattherobotcamerasdeterpeoplefromspeedingandrunningredlights.（警察部門發(fā)誓，研究表明，機(jī)器人攝像頭可以阻止人們超速和闖紅燈。）第三段最后兩句話Notso,insistsTerranceGainer,Washington’sexecutiveassistantchiefofpolice.“Wehavereducedfatalities.”（但事實(shí)并非如此，華盛頓警察局執(zhí)行助理局長特倫斯?蓋納（TerranceGainer）堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為?！拔覀儨p少了死亡人數(shù)?！保┻@兩句可以看出交警部門認(rèn)為攝像頭維持了交通秩序，所以選B選項(xiàng)“攝像頭有效地維持了交通秩序”。A選項(xiàng)“攝像頭不應(yīng)該由私人公司運(yùn)營”，D選項(xiàng)“公司運(yùn)營攝像頭的目的不應(yīng)該賺錢”，這兩個(gè)都不是交警部門的看法，C選項(xiàng)“超速是交通致死事故的主要原因”，文章沒有提及。

第5題:詞匯推斷題。A選項(xiàng)“細(xì)微的”；B選項(xiàng)“普遍的”；C選項(xiàng)“巨大的”D選項(xiàng)“無限的”。根據(jù)題干定位到“chumpchange”所在的句子，即第三段第二句話“Thecompaniesgetpaidasmuchas$70aticket,andthetotalrevenueishardlychumpchange.（該公司每張罰單能夠收到多達(dá)70美元的罰款，因而該公司總收入相當(dāng)可觀）”，我們根據(jù)后面的第三段三四句SanDiegohasgotin$15.9millionlastyearandWashington$12.8million.“It’sallaboutmoney,”saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.（圣地亞哥去年入賬1590萬美元，華盛頓入賬1280萬美元。“這一切都是關(guān)于錢，”國會(huì)議員鮑勃?巴爾如是說，他是主要的批評者。），從這句可以看出，華盛頓和圣地亞哥收到的交通罰款數(shù)量巨大，不然不會(huì)受到來自國會(huì)議員的批評。由此推測，答案選A。

第6題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干中的人名定位到文中提到該人物的地方，即第三段第四句“It’sallaboutmoney”,saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.（“這一切都是關(guān)于錢”國會(huì)議員鮑勃?巴爾如是說，他是主要的批評者。）所以選B選項(xiàng)“鮑勃?巴爾強(qiáng)烈反對美國特殊賺錢方式”。A選項(xiàng)“鮑勃?巴爾是眾議院的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”不符合文意，鮑勃?巴爾是安裝攝像頭的主要的反對者但是不是眾議院的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，排除A；C選項(xiàng)“鮑勃?巴爾對技術(shù)是否充滿信心”，文中沒有提及，排除；D選項(xiàng)“質(zhì)疑電子收集信息的權(quán)威性”文中也沒有提及。

第7題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。A選項(xiàng)“積極”；B選項(xiàng)“消極”；C選項(xiàng)“漠不關(guān)心”；D選項(xiàng)“不確定”。整篇文章作者只是比較客觀地描述了一些現(xiàn)象，文章中沒有明顯的句子或者詞語表現(xiàn)出作者的態(tài)度，所以對于作者的態(tài)度我們是不明確的，答案選D。

第8題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞“driversinEuropeancountries”，我們定位到最后一段“InEurope,whererobotcamerasaredeployedbythethousandsandareevenlesspopularthantheyarehere,resentfuldrivershavestartedtotakemattersintotheirownhands,seekingouthiddencamerasandknockingthemoverwiththeircars.（在歐洲，部署了數(shù)以千計(jì)的攝像頭并且這些攝像頭甚至比在這里（美國）更不受歡迎，心懷不滿的司機(jī)們已經(jīng)開始采取行動(dòng)，尋找隱藏的攝像頭，并用汽車撞倒它們。）”，由此答案選D選項(xiàng)“采用極端的手段對付攝像頭”，從最后一段可以看出，歐洲司機(jī)也不支持?jǐn)z像頭的安裝，所以A選項(xiàng)“支持?jǐn)z像頭的安裝”錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“數(shù)以千計(jì)的攝像頭被毀壞”，數(shù)以千計(jì)的攝像頭是總數(shù)而不是被毀壞的數(shù)量，所以不選；C選項(xiàng)“歐洲首先使用攝像頭”文章沒有提及，所以排除。

15.單選題

Anoldsongsaysthat“l(fā)ovemakestheworldgoaround.”Ifyou（1）AmericansonValentine'sDay,youcanbelieveit.Thewholecountry（2）outwithlittleredhearts.Love（3）peoplegivecards,flowers,andcandytotheirsweethearts.

Youmightcallita(n)（4）celebrationoflove.TheAmerican（5）oflovebeginswithdating.Youngpeopledateinseveralways.Atfirsttheymighthave（6）dateswithseveralboysandgirlstogether.Later,theystartgoingon（7）dates—justoneboyandonegirl.Whentwocouplesgoouttogether,wecallit（8）dating.Afriendmighteven（9）ablinddateforyouwithsomeoneyoudon'tknow.Thatdoesn'tmeanyoukeepyour（10）closedthewholeevening!Youjustdon'tknowwhoyourpartnerwillbe（11）thetimeforthedate.Americansviewdating（12）frompeopleinothercultures.Americanyoungpeopleseeadateasatimejusttohave（13）.

Theydon'talwayshavearomanticinterestinmind.Someonemaygooutwithonepersonthisweek,and（14）personthenext.Afterawhile,aboyandagirlmaydecidetheywantto“go（15）.”Thismeanstheythinkofeachotheras“boyfriendandgirlfriend.”Romanceisbeginningto（16）.

RomanticloveisverymuchapartofAmericanculture.Movies,TVshowsandbooksinAmericaall（17）peoplewhofallinlove.（18）,loveisapartofeveryculture,notjustAmericanculture.Peopleallovertheworldsearch（19）happinessinalovingrelationship.Maybelove（20）maketheworldgoaround.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.see

B.watch

C.examine

D.investigate

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.breaks

B.comes

C.takes

D.turns

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.caught

B.struck

C.grabbed

D.expelled

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.annual

B.quarterly

C.accurate

D.acute

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.contribution

B.concern

C.concept

D.consideration

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.individual

B.group

C.member

D.acquaintance

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.single

B.collective

C.specific

D.intimate

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.blind

B.absurd

C.double

D.common

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.arise

B.propose

C.raise

D.arrange

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.phones

B.eyes

C.ears

D.doors

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.until

B.as

C.when

D.if

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.flexibly

B.similarly

C.differently

D.uniformly

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.romance

B.fun

C.love

D.anguish

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.else

B.same

C.other

D.another

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.swift

B.sweet

C.steady

D.steep

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.languish

B.bloom

C.fade

D.fail

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.picture

B.catch

C.exclude

D.criticize

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.Consequently

B.Actually

C.Finally

D.Recently

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.of

C.in

D.for

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.has

B.does

C.helps

D.leads

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:B

第14題:D

第15題:C

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:B

第19題: