考研考博-英語(yǔ)-內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)創(chuàng)業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)創(chuàng)業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

Youthisnotatimeoflifeitisastateofmind.Itisnotamatterofredcheeks,redlipsandsuppleknees.Itisatemperofthewill;aqualityoftheimagination;avigoroftheemotions;itisafreshnessofthedeepspringsoflife.Youthmeansatemperamentalpredominanceofcourageovertimidity,oftheappetiteforadventureoveralifeofease.Thisoftenexistsinamanoffifty,morethaninaboyoftwenty.Nobodygrowsoldbymerelylivinganumberofyears;peoplegrowoldbydesertingtheirideals.

【答案】【參考譯文】

青春不是年華，而是心境；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志，恢宏的想象，炙熱的戀情；青春是生命的深泉在涌流。

青春氣貫長(zhǎng)虹，勇銳蓋過(guò)怯弱，進(jìn)取壓倒茍安。如此銳氣，二十后生而有之，六旬男子則更多見(jiàn)。年歲有加，并非垂老，理想丟棄，方墮暮年。

2.單選題

Canelectricitycausecancer?Inasocietythatliterallyrunsonelectricpower,theveryideaseemspreposterous.Butformorethanadecade,agrowingbandofscientistsandjournalistshaspointedtostudiesthatseemtolinkexposuretoelectromagneticfieldswithincreasedriskofleukemiaandothermalignancies.Theimplicationsareunsettling,tosaytheleast,sinceeveryonecomesintocontactwithsuchfields,whicharegeneratedbyeverythingelectrical,frompowerlinesandantennastopersonalcomputersandmicro-waveovens.Becauseevidenceonthesubjectisinconclusiveandoftencontradictory,ithasbeenhardtodecidewhetherconcernaboutthehealtheffectsofelectricityislegitimate—ortheworstkindofparanoia.

NowthealarmistshavegainedsomequalifiedsupportfromtheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Intheexecutivesummaryofanewscientificreview,releasedindraftformlatelastweek,theEPAhasputforwardwhatamountstothemostseriousgovernmentwarningtodate.Theagencytentativelyconcludesthatscientificevidence“suggestsacasuallink”betweenextremelylow-frequencyelectromagneticfields—thosehavingverylongwave-lengths—andleukemia,lymphomaandbraincancer.WhilethereportfallsshortofclassifyingELEfieldsasprobablecarcinogens,itdoesidentifythecommon60-hertzmagneticfieldas“apossible,butnotproven,causeofcancerinhumans.”

Thereportisnoreasontopanic—oreventolosesleep.Ifthereisacancerrisk,itisasmallone.TheevidenceisstillsocontroversialthatthedraftstirredagreatdealofdebatewithintheBushAdministration,andtheEPAreleaseditoverstrongobjectionsfromthePentagonandtheWhiteHouse.Butnownoonecandenythattheissuemustbetakenseriouslyandthatmuchmoreresearchisneeded.

Attheheartofthedebateisasimpleandwell-understoodphysicalphenomenon.Whenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughawire,itgeneratesanelectromagneticfieldthatexertsforcesonsurroundingobjects,Formanyyears,scientistsdismissedanysuggestionthatsuchforcesmightbeharmful,primarilybecausetheyaresoextraordinarilyweak.TheELFmagneticfieldgeneratedbyavideoterminalmeasuresonlyafewmilligauss,oraboutone-hundredththestrengthoftheearth’sownmagneticfield.Theelectricfieldssurroundingapowerlinecanbeashighas10kilovoltspermeter,butthecorrespondingfieldinducedinhumancellswillbeonlyabout1millivoltpermeter.Thisisfarlessthantheelectricfieldsthatthecellsthemselvesgenerate.

Howcouldsuchminusculeforcesposeahealthdanger?Theconsensususedtobethattheycouldnot,andfordecadesscientistsconcentratedonmorepowerfulkindsofradiation,likeX-rays,thatpacksufficientwalloptoknockelectronsoutofthemoleculesthatmakeupthehumanbody.Such"ionizing"radiationshavebeenclearlylinkedtoincreasedcancerrisksandthereareregulationstocontrolemissions.

Butepidemiologicalstudies,whichfindstatisticalassociationsbetweensetsofdata,donotprovecauseandeffect.ThoughthereisabodyoflaboratoryworkshowingthatexposuretoELFfieldscanhavebiologicaleffectsonanimaltissues,amechanismbywhichthoseeffectscouldleadtocancerousgrowthshasneverbeenfound.

ThePentagonisforfrompersuaded.Inablistering33critiqueoftheEPAreport,AirForcescientistschargeitsauthorswithhaving"biasedtheentiredocument"towardprovingalink,“Ourreviewersareconvincedthatthereisnosuggestionthat(electromagneticfields)presentintheenvironmentinduceorpromotecancer,”theAirForceconcludes.“ItisastonishingthattheEPAwouldlenditsimprimaturonthisreport.”ThenPentagon’sconcernisunderstandable.Thereishardlyaunitofthemodernmilitarythatdoesnotdependontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipment,fromhugeground-basedradartowerstothedefensesystemsbuiltintoeverywarshipandplane.

1.Themainideaofthispassageis（）.

2.Theview-pointoftheEPAis（）.

3.WhydidthePentagonandWhiteHouseobjecttothereleaseofthereport?

Because（

）

4.Itcanbeinferredfromphysicalphenomenon（）.

5.Whatdoyouthinkordinarycitizensmaydoafterreadingthedifferentarguments?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.studiesonthecauseofcancer

B.controversialview-pointsinthecauseofcancer

C.therelationshipbetweenelectricityandcancer

D.differentideasabouttheeffectofelectricityoncancer

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thereiscasuallinkbetweenelectricityandcancer

B.electricityreallyaffectscancer

C.controversial

D.lowfrequencyelectromagneticfieldisapossiblecauseofcancer

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.itmaystiragreatdealofdebateamongtheBushAdministration.

B.everyunitofthemodernmilitaryhasdependedontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipment.

C.thePentagon’sconcernwasunderstandable.

D.theyhaddifferentarguments.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theforceoftheelectromagneticfieldistooweaktobeharmful.

B.theforceoftheelectromagneticfieldisweakerthantheelectricfieldthatthecellsgenerate.

C.electromagneticfieldmayaffecthealth.

D.onlymorepowerfulradiationcanknockelectronoutofhumanbody.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareindifferent.

B.Theyareworriedverymuch.

C.Theymayexerciseprudentavoidance.

D.Theyareshocked.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨題。文章開(kāi)篇就提出了電磁場(chǎng)是否會(huì)致癌這個(gè)問(wèn)題，并提出有研究結(jié)果表明電磁場(chǎng)會(huì)增加患癌的危險(xiǎn)性。第二段公布了EPA環(huán)保署的報(bào)告，認(rèn)為電磁場(chǎng)與癌癥之間存在偶然聯(lián)系。第三段說(shuō)明電磁場(chǎng)和癌癥之間的關(guān)系問(wèn)題仍然廣受爭(zhēng)議，需要進(jìn)一步的研究和證明。下文提出五角大樓和白宮反對(duì)電磁場(chǎng)致癌的說(shuō)法，因?yàn)槊恳粋€(gè)軍事單位都依賴于電氣設(shè)備的使用?？v觀全文可知文章的主題主要是關(guān)于電磁場(chǎng)對(duì)癌癥的影響的不同觀點(diǎn)的討論。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Theagencytentativelyconcludesthatscientificevidence‘suggestsacasuallink’betweenextremelylow-frequencyelectromagneticfields—thosehavingverylongwave-lengths—andleukemia,lymphomaandbraincancer.”，可知EPA初步得出結(jié)論，科學(xué)證據(jù)表明，低頻電磁場(chǎng)(波長(zhǎng)非常長(zhǎng)的電磁場(chǎng))與白血病、淋巴瘤和腦癌之間存在偶然的聯(lián)系?？膳袛喑鯡PA認(rèn)為電磁場(chǎng)和癌癥之間有偶然的聯(lián)系。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句，“Thereishardlyaunitofthemodernmilitarythatdoesnotdependontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipment,fromhugeground-basedradartowerstothedefensesystemsbuiltintoeverywarshipandplane.”，可知從巨大的陸基雷達(dá)到戰(zhàn)艦和每架飛機(jī)內(nèi)置的防御系統(tǒng)，現(xiàn)代軍隊(duì)幾乎每個(gè)單位都會(huì)用到電子設(shè)備，由此可知他們相信電磁場(chǎng)不會(huì)誘發(fā)癌癥?？膳袛喑鑫褰谴髽呛桶讓m反對(duì)公布這份報(bào)告的原因在于現(xiàn)代軍隊(duì)的每一個(gè)單位都依賴于某種電子設(shè)備的大量使用。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Whenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughawire,itgeneratesanelectromagneticfieldthatexertsforcesonsurroundingobjects,Formanyyears,scientistsdismissedanysuggestionthatsuchforcesmightbeharmful,primarilybecausetheyaresoextraordinarilyweak.”，可知當(dāng)電流通過(guò)導(dǎo)線時(shí)，它會(huì)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)電磁場(chǎng)，對(duì)周圍的物體施加壓力。多年來(lái)，科學(xué)家們一直否認(rèn)這種力可能是有害的，主要是因?yàn)樗鼈兎浅Ｎ⑷??？膳袛喑鰪倪@個(gè)物理現(xiàn)象可知因?yàn)殡姶艌?chǎng)太弱了，所以沒(méi)有害處。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Thereportisnoreasontopanic—oreventolosesleep…Butnownoonecandenythattheissuemustbetakenseriouslyandthatmuchmoreresearchisneeded.”，可知這個(gè)爭(zhēng)論是會(huì)讓人恐慌，但是現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有人能否認(rèn)，這個(gè)問(wèn)題必須認(rèn)真對(duì)待，需要更多的研究?？膳袛喑鋈藗冞€是會(huì)保持警惕的態(tài)度，會(huì)有意小心地避開(kāi)電磁場(chǎng)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.單選題

Shewantedtojointhegroupofmen______wastoexplorethemysteriesofthemountains.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theirwork

B.whowork

C.who

D.whosework

【答案】D

【解析】考查后置定語(yǔ)從句。句意：她想加入從事探索山脈奧秘工作的那群人。句子主干是Shewantedtojointhegroupofmen，后面的從句修飾橫線前面的men，并且橫線部分作從句主語(yǔ)，工作和人是從屬關(guān)系，所以D選項(xiàng)whosework符合題意。其余選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

4.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sheiskidding.

B.Shewillgetaraise.

C.Themanwillgetaraise.

D.Themanwillgetapromotion.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Ourmanagingdirectorisgoingtogiveyouaraise.

M:Really?Areyoukiddingme?

W:Absolutely!Hethinksyouwould!

Q:Whatdoesthewomansay?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士說(shuō)：Absolutely!Hethinksyouwould!肯定男士即將漲薪水。

5.填空題

【答案】1.was→were

2.speaking→spoken

3.去掉the

4.were→are

5.they→there

6.去掉are

7.on→in

8.in→on

9.east→East

10.was(of)great

【解析】1.考查therebe句型的用法。Therebe句型的構(gòu)成形式一般為“Thereis/are+某物/人+某地/時(shí)”，表示某地/時(shí)有某物/人。Therebe句型是英語(yǔ)中常用句型，意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞be后所接的名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，be應(yīng)該取單數(shù)is；當(dāng)其后所接的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，be用復(fù)數(shù)are。該句中動(dòng)詞be后面接的名詞是languages，為復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。句意：在這片大陸上有200到250種不同的語(yǔ)言。因此本題應(yīng)把was改為were。

2.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做后置定語(yǔ)。后置定語(yǔ)即定語(yǔ)放在名詞后面，成為后置定語(yǔ)。由于該句已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be動(dòng)詞，speaking應(yīng)作為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)修飾languages。動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式，一般包括動(dòng)名詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞。doing表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，并且/或者是名詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，單個(gè)-ing作定語(yǔ)后置，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，-ing短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)一般后置，-ing作定語(yǔ)一般要求其動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在說(shuō)話時(shí)該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，否則要用從句作定語(yǔ)。done表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，并且/或者是名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。該句中的languages和speak是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即語(yǔ)言被說(shuō)，所以應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞。句意：在這片大陸上有200到250種不同的語(yǔ)言。因此本題應(yīng)把speaking改為spoken。

3.考查over的固定用法。over+數(shù)字，表示數(shù)目，數(shù)量，時(shí)間，年齡等超過(guò)……所以over后面接數(shù)字表示“超過(guò)”意思時(shí)不用加the。句意：其中一些語(yǔ)言今天仍然存在：大約20種語(yǔ)言仍然存在，但超過(guò)150種現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)消失了。因此本題應(yīng)把the去掉。

4.考查時(shí)態(tài)一致。英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)一致也叫時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)。指在復(fù)合句中某些從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)往往受主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)的影響，因此，須保持主從兩部分從句中的時(shí)態(tài)一致。該句的主句部分謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)“donotknow”，根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)一致原則，從句部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意：我們現(xiàn)在還不知道整個(gè)大陸使用的所有語(yǔ)言的名稱。因此本題應(yīng)把were改為are。

5.考查句意。句意：我們現(xiàn)在不知道整個(gè)大陸使用的所有語(yǔ)言的名稱，但有一些生活在這個(gè)國(guó)家的各種各樣的風(fēng)景和氣候中的語(yǔ)言群體。如果不把they改為there，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)指代不明的現(xiàn)象。因此本題應(yīng)把they改為were。

6.考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。英語(yǔ)句子中只能有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，belivedin不是固定短語(yǔ)搭配，不能用來(lái)當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)刪去be動(dòng)詞和livedin中的一個(gè)，而該句子想表達(dá)的意思是：生活在這個(gè)國(guó)家的各種各樣的風(fēng)景和氣候中的語(yǔ)言群體，所以不能刪去livedin。因此本題應(yīng)刪去are。

27.【試題答案】on→in

【試題解析】考查固定搭配。inthedesert“在沙漠；在沙漠里；在沙漠中”。句意：阿勒特人生活在沙漠地區(qū)。因此本題應(yīng)把on改為in。

8.考查固定搭配。ontheplain“在平原上”。句意：Thurrawai人、Dhurga人和Dyiringa人生活在東南部肥沃的Illawarra平原上。因此本題應(yīng)把in改為on。

9.考查專有名詞。SouthEast“東南；東南方的”為專有名詞，首字母應(yīng)大寫(xiě)。句意：Thurrawai人、Dhurga人和Dyiringa人生活在東南部肥沃的Illawarra平原上。因此本題應(yīng)把east改為East。

10.考查固定搭配。beofgreatsignificance“有重大意義的；意義重大”。句意：成為一個(gè)特定語(yǔ)言群體的成員具有重大的社會(huì)和文化意義。因此本題應(yīng)在was后面加上of。

6.單選題

TwohoursfromthetallbuildingsofManhattanandPhiladelphialivesomeoftheworld’slargestblackbears.TheyareinnorthernPennsylvania’sPoconoMountains,ahometheysharewithanabundanceofotherwildlife.

Thestreams,lakes,meadows,mountainridgesandforeststhatmakethePoconosanidealplaceforblackbearshavealsoattractedmorepeopletotheregion.Openspacesarethreatenedbyplansforhousingestatesandimportanthabitatsareendangeredbyhighwayconstruction.ToprotectthePoconos’naturalbeautyfromirresponsibledevelopment,theNatureConservancynamedtheareaoneofAmerica’s“LastGreatPlaces”.

Operatingoutofacentuiy-oldschoolhouseinthevillageofLongPond,Pennsylvania,theconservancy’sBudCookisworkingwithlocalpeopleandbusinessleaderstobalanceeconomicgrowthwithenvironmentalprotection.ByforgingpartnershipswithpeoplelikeFrancisAltemose,theConservancyhasbeenabletoprotectmorethan14,000acresofenvironmentallyimportantlandinthearea.

Altemose’sfamilyhasfarmedinthePoconoareaforgenerations.TwoyearsagoFrancisworkedwiththeConservancytoincludehisfarminacountyfarmlandprotectionprogram.Asaresult,hisfamily’slandcanbeprotectedfromdevelopmentandtheAltemoseswillbebetterabletoprovideasecurefinancialfuturefortheir7-year-oldgrandson.

CookattributestheConservancy’ssuccessinthePoconostohavingalocalpresenceandacommitmenttoworkingwithlocalresidents.

“Thekeytoprotectingtheseremarkablelandsisconnectingwiththelocalcommunity,”Cooksaid.“Thepeoplewholivethererespecttheland.Theyvaluequietforests,clearstreamsandabundantwildlife.Theyareeagertohelpwithconservationeffort.”

FormoreinformationonhowyoucanhelpTheNatureConservancyprotectthePoconosandtheworld’sother“LastGreatPlaces”，pleasecall1-888-5646864.OrvisitusontheWorldWideW

1.ThepurposeinnamingthePoconosasoneofAmerica’s“LastGreatPlaces”isto（）.

2.Welearnfromthepassagethat（）.

3.WhatisimportantinprotectingthePoconosaccordingtoCook?

4.WhatdoesBudCookmeanby“havingalocalpresence”(Line1，Para*5)?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gainsupportfromthelocalcommunity

B.protectitfromirresponsibledevelopment

C.makeitabetterhomeforblackbears

D.providefinancialsecurityforfuturegenerations

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thepopulationinthePoconoareaisgrowing

B.wildlifeinthePoconoareaisdyingoutrapidly

C.thesecurityofthePoconoresidentsisbeingthreatened

D.farmlandsinthePoconoareaareshrinkingfast

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thesettingupofanenvironmentalprotectionwebsite.

B.SupportfromorganizationsliketheNatureConservancy.

C.Cooperationwiththelocalresidentsandbusinessleaders.

D.Inclusionoffarmlandsintheregion’sprotectionprogram.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Financialcontributionsfromlocalbusinessleaders.

B.Considerationoftheinterestsofthelocalresidents.

C.Theestablishmentofawildlifeprotectionfoundationinthearea.

D.ThesettingupofalocalNatureConservancybranchinthePoconoarea.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“ToprotectthePoconos’naturalbeautyfromirresponsibledevelopment…”，主要目的使保護(hù)自然美景，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句，因?yàn)橄?、山脊等一些自然風(fēng)貌吸引了很多人來(lái)到這里，推測(cè)人口是不斷增加的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段，“Thekeytoprotectingtheseremarkablelandsisconnectingwiththelocalcommunity,”文中提到了與當(dāng)社區(qū)合作。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.信息歸納題。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境，BudCook認(rèn)為大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)的成功離不開(kāi)“havingalocalpresence”，在第四段也提及了農(nóng)民受到了協(xié)會(huì)的支持，所以havingalocalpresence應(yīng)該是指一個(gè)組織或機(jī)構(gòu)，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

In2005,PresidentBushputhispoliticalcapitalwherehismouthwas,andlost.Hewentall-outto()CongressandtheAmericanpeoplethatprivatizingSocialSecuritywouldbegoodandnecessary.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.argue

B.concede

C.convince

D.confess

【答案】C

【解析】句意：2005年，布什總統(tǒng)把他的政治資本一直掛在嘴邊，結(jié)果失敗了。他竭盡全力讓國(guó)會(huì)和美國(guó)人民相信，將社會(huì)保障私有化是好的也是必要的。argue爭(zhēng)論、證明；concede允許，承認(rèn)；convince說(shuō)服，使確信；confess供認(rèn)，懺悔。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

8.單選題

Eventhoughtheinvestigationhasbeengoingonfortwomonths,thepolicehave（）nofurtherdetailsabouttheaccident.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.comprised

B.formulated

C.released

D.incorporated

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。comprised包含，由...組成；formulated構(gòu)想出，規(guī)劃；released發(fā)布，發(fā)行；incorporated包含，把...合并。根據(jù)句意可知警方是沒(méi)有“發(fā)布”消息。故選C。

9.單選題

Theoldking（

）.Theyaremakinganewking.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wasbelievedtobekilled

B.isbelievedbeingkilled

C.isbelievedhavingbeenkilled

D.isbelievedtohavebeenkilled

【答案】D

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。由第二句“他們正在選舉一位新國(guó)王”可知，之前的國(guó)王被認(rèn)為已經(jīng)殺害了，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)，再結(jié)合bebelievedto“被認(rèn)為……”可知D項(xiàng)正確。句意：他們認(rèn)為之前的國(guó)王已經(jīng)被殺害了，他們正在選舉一位新國(guó)王。

10.單選題

Lifeinsuranceisfinancialprotectionfordependentsagainstloss（）thebread-winner'sdeath.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atthecostof

B.onthevergeof

C.asaresultof

D.forthesakeof

【答案】C

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。atthecostof以...為代價(jià)；onthevergeof瀕臨于，接近于；asaresultof因此，由于；forthesakeof為了。句意：人壽保險(xiǎn)為被保者的家屬提供經(jīng)濟(jì)保障,以防止因養(yǎng)家糊口的人去世而造成的損失。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

11.單選題

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itignoredthefactthatemotionsarepersonalandsubjective.

B.Itoverlookedthepossibilitythatemotionsmaybecontrolled.

C.Itmeasuredpositiveandnegativeemotionsindependently.

D.Itclassifiedemotionssimplyaseitherpositiveornegative.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Sittingalonewithoutdoinganythingseemedreallydistressing.

B.Solitudehadareductiveeffectonhigh-arousalemotions.

C.Sittingalonefor15minutesmadetheparticipantsrestless.

D.Solitudeadverselyaffectedtheparticipants’mentalwell-being.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ittendedtointensifynegativeemotions.

B.Itprovedhardtodepictobjectively.

C.Itwenthandinhandwithsadness.

D.Ithelpedincreaselow-arousalemotions.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

【解析】RecordingOne

Psychologyresearchhastendedtoportraysolitudeasanegativeexperience.Studiesconductedinthe1970sand1990ssuggestedthatpeoplefeltlesshappywhenalone,ascomparedtobeingwithothers.However,anewpapershowsanalternativeviewofsolitude,oneinwhichsolitudecanbepositive.

Let’sstartbylookingattheearlierresearch.Ithadacoupleofshortcomings.First,itmeasuredemotiononascalefrompositivetonegative,overlookingthepossibilitythatthepositiveandnegativeemotionscanfluctuateindependently.[16]Also,itcategorizedemotionsassimplypositiveornegative.Itdidn’tconsiderthatemotionsarousedustodifferentdegrees,andthatbothpositiveandnegativeemotionscanarouseusalotoralittle.Thatis,whetherpositiveornegative,emotionscanbeeitherhigharousalorlowarousal.Higharousalemotionsincludeexcitementonthepositivesideorangeronthenegativeside,whilelowarousalonesincludefeelingcalmonthepositivesideorlonelyonthenegative.

Thisnewresearchattemptedtoovercometheseshortcomings.Researchersbeganwithasimplestudy.Theyaskedparticipantstospend15minutessittingalonewithoutengaginginanyactivityandmeasuredhowthissolitudeinfluencedtheiremotionalstate.[17]Thisexperimentspecificallyaimedtodeterminetheeffectofsolitudeonhigharousalemotions.Itlookedatpositiveemotionssuchasbeingexcitedorinterested,andnegativeemotions,includingbeingscaredordistressed.Theresultswereclear.[17]After15minutesofsolitude，theparticipantsshowedreductionsinbothtypesofemotion.Asecondstudymeasuredtheeffectsofsolitudeonlowarousalemotions.Theseincludedbothpositiveandnegativeemotionssuchasfeelingcalm,relaxed,sadorlonely.[18]Thatexperimentfoundthatalloftheseemotionswereincreasedbytimealone.Thus,itseemspastdepictionsofsolitudewerewrong.Itdoesn’thaveasimpleemotionaleffectthatcanbecharacterizedasgoodorbad.Rather,itchangestheintensityofourinnerexperience.Itamplifiesquieteremotions.Butitdiminishestheintensityofstrongerfeelings.

It’sworthclarifyingthatthesefindingsrelatetorelativelybriefperiodsofsolitude.Thisisdistinctfromprolongedloneliness.Researchhasdemonstratedthatthelatteriscorrelatedwithanassortmentofnegativephysicalandpsychologicaleffects.Howcanpeoplebenefitfrombeingalone?Thefindingsheresuggestthatpeoplecanusesolitudetoregulatetheiremotions.Solitudecanhelpusbecomequietafterexcitement,calmafteranangryepisode,orsimplyfeelatpeace.

16.Whatisoneofthecriticismsdirectedattheearlyresearchonsolitude?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)關(guān)于“獨(dú)處”的早期研究受到何種批評(píng)？錄音說(shuō)，早期的研究存在幾個(gè)缺點(diǎn)，其中包括把情緒簡(jiǎn)單地分為積極的和消極的（categorizedemotionsassimplypositiveornegative），D選項(xiàng)中的classified是對(duì)錄音原文中categorized的同義替換，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“它忽略了情緒是個(gè)人的和主觀的事實(shí)”和B項(xiàng)“它忽略了情緒可以被控制的可能性”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及；C選項(xiàng)“它獨(dú)立測(cè)量積極情緒和消極情緒”主要利用measured和independently設(shè)置干擾，錄音說(shuō)的是，早期調(diào)查在從積極到消極的范圍內(nèi)衡量情緒，忽略了積極和消極情緒可以獨(dú)立波動(dòng)的可能性。選項(xiàng)與之表述不相符，因此排除。

17.Whatdowelearnabouttheresultsofthenewresearch?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)我們可以知道哪些關(guān)于新研究的結(jié)果？錄音提到，新研究是為了確定獨(dú)處對(duì)高喚起度情緒的影響，而參與實(shí)驗(yàn)的人經(jīng)過(guò)15分鐘的獨(dú)處后，他們的積極與消極兩方面的高喚起度情緒都有所減緩（reductionsinbothtypesofemotion），B選項(xiàng)中的reductive與錄音原文中的reductions是同根詞，都表示“減少，減緩”的意思，因此B選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)處對(duì)高喚起度情緒有減緩作用”正確。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人無(wú)所事事地坐著似乎很苦惱”和C選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)自坐15分鐘使參與者焦躁不安”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及；D選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)處會(huì)對(duì)參與者的心理健康產(chǎn)生不利影響”，主要錯(cuò)在缺乏對(duì)獨(dú)處的修飾詞，錄音中說(shuō)的是長(zhǎng)期的孤獨(dú)與負(fù)面的生理和心理影響相關(guān)，而短暫的獨(dú)處不會(huì)，因此D選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全，表述不正確。

18.Whatdidthesecondexperimentinthenewresearchfindaboutsolitude?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)新研究的第二個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)有何發(fā)現(xiàn)？第二個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量了獨(dú)處對(duì)低喚起度情緒的影響，并且發(fā)現(xiàn)所有這些情緒都會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移而增加。D選項(xiàng)“它有助于增強(qiáng)低喚起度情緒”與原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“它往往會(huì)使負(fù)面情緒加劇”，這些情緒包括積極和消極的情緒，如平靜、放松、悲傷或孤獨(dú)。因此A選項(xiàng)不正確；B選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)證明很難客觀描述它”，錄音提到，獨(dú)處改變內(nèi)在感受的強(qiáng)度，對(duì)強(qiáng)烈感覺(jué)有安撫作用，這正是描述了獨(dú)處產(chǎn)生的影響，因此B選項(xiàng)也不正確；C選項(xiàng)“它與悲傷密切相關(guān)”在錄音中沒(méi)有信息提及，因此排除。

12.單選題

Tallpeopleearnconsiderablymoremoneythroughouttheirlivesthantheirshorterco-workers,witheachinchaddingaboutUS$789ayearinpay,accordingtoanewstudy.“Height（1）careersuccess,”saysTimothyJudge,aUniversityofFloridaprofessorofmanagement,wholedthestudy.“Thesefindingsaretroublingsince,withafew（2）,suchasprofessionalbasketball,noonecouldarguethatheightissomethingessentialrequiredforjob（3）,”Judgepointsout.

Judgeanalyzedresultsoffourlarge-scalestudiesintheUSandBritainthatfollowedthousandsofpeoplefromchildhoodtoadulthood,examiningdetailsoftheirworkandpersonallives.“Ifyoutakethis（4）thecourseofa30-yearcareer,we’retalkingaboutliterallyhundredsofthousandsofdollarsofearnings（5）thatatallpersonenjoys,”Judgesaid.

Greaterheightboostedbothsubjectiveratingsofworkperformance—asupervisor’s（6）ofhoweffectivesomeoneis—and（7）measuresofperformance—suchassalesvolume.Beingtallmayboostself-confidence,improvingperformance.Otherpeoplemayalsogivehigher（8）andgreaterrespecttoatallperson,givingthemanedgeinnegotiatingstates,hesays.

Thecommandinginfluenceofheightmaybearemainderofourevolutionary（9）.Maybefromatimewhenhumanslivedamonganimalsandsizewas（10）powerandstrengthusedwhenmaking“fightorrun”decisions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.makesout

B.worksin

C.takeson

D.mattersfor

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.cases

B.exceptions

C.examples

D.problems

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.performance

B.operation

C.condition

D.environment

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.with

C.over

D.to

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.deficiency

B.advantage

C.loss

D.necessity

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.imagination

B.decision

C.judge

D.evaluation

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.relative

B.absolute

C.objective

D.initiative

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.state

B.status

C.situation

D.statue

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.origins

B.sources

C.courses

D.organizations

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.atimein

B.aholdon

C.aworkat

D.asignof

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:D

【解析】第1題:考查詞組辨析和上下文語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)makeout“理解，辨認(rèn)出”，B項(xiàng)workin“進(jìn)入”，C項(xiàng)takeon“呈現(xiàn)，接納”，D項(xiàng)matterfor“對(duì)……重要”；根據(jù)上文Tallpeopleearnconsiderablymoremoneythroughouttheirlivesthantheirshorterco-workers,witheachinchaddingaboutUS$789ayearinpay,accordingtoanewstudy.（據(jù)一項(xiàng)最新研究顯示，高個(gè)子一生中賺的錢要比矮個(gè)子同事多得多，身高每增加一英寸，年收入就會(huì)增加約789美元），可以推斷出，下文Height（）careersuccess表示“身高是事業(yè)成功的關(guān)鍵”。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:考查名詞辨析和上下文語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)case“案件，情況”，B項(xiàng)exception“例外，異議”，C項(xiàng)example“例子”，D項(xiàng)problem“問(wèn)題”；根據(jù)句子Thesefindingsaretroublingsince,withafew（）,suchasprofessionalbasketball（這些發(fā)現(xiàn)令人不安，因?yàn)橛幸恍?，如職業(yè)籃球）可知，上文提到“身高對(duì)職業(yè)生涯很重要”，這里提到“這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)也令人煩惱”可推斷，空格部分表示“例外”。句意：這些發(fā)現(xiàn)令人不安，因?yàn)槌松贁?shù)例外，比如職業(yè)籃球。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:考查名詞辨析和上下文語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)performance“表現(xiàn)”，B項(xiàng)operation“操作，手術(shù)”，C項(xiàng)condition“條件”，D項(xiàng)environment“環(huán)境”；根據(jù)句子noonecouldarguethatheightissomethingessentialrequiredforjob（）（沒(méi)有人會(huì)說(shuō)身高是工作……的必要條件）可知，上文提到“身高對(duì)工作很重要”，所以可推斷，這里的空格部分表示“工作表現(xiàn)”。句意：沒(méi)有人會(huì)說(shuō)身高是工作表現(xiàn)的必要條件。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:考查介詞辨析。A項(xiàng)on“在……之上”，B項(xiàng)with“隨著，和……一起”，C項(xiàng)over“越過(guò)，……之上”，D項(xiàng)to“到，向”；根據(jù)句子Ifyoutakethis（）thecourseofa30-yearcareer（如果你……30年的職業(yè)生涯都是這樣）可知，空格部分應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)表示時(shí)間跨度的介詞，只有C項(xiàng)符合。句意：如果你在30年的職業(yè)生涯中都是這樣。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)deficiency“缺陷，缺點(diǎn)”，B項(xiàng)advantage“優(yōu)點(diǎn)，優(yōu)勢(shì)”，C項(xiàng)loss“損失”，D項(xiàng)necessity“需要，必然性”；根據(jù)句子we’retalkingaboutliterallyhundredsofthousandsofdollarsofearnings（）thatatallpersonenjoys（我們談?wù)摰氖且粋€(gè)高個(gè)子享受數(shù)十萬(wàn)美元的收入……）可知，空格部分應(yīng)該表示“優(yōu)勢(shì)”。句意：我們說(shuō)的是一個(gè)高個(gè)子享受的數(shù)十萬(wàn)美元的收入優(yōu)勢(shì)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第6題:考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)imagination“想象”，B項(xiàng)decision“決定”，C項(xiàng)judge“評(píng)判，判斷”，D項(xiàng)evaluation“評(píng)價(jià)，評(píng)估”；前面提到Greaterheightboostedbothsubjectiveratingsofworkperformance（更高的身高會(huì)提高對(duì)工作表現(xiàn)的主觀評(píng)價(jià)），根據(jù)空格前后的關(guān)鍵詞supervisor（監(jiān)督者）和howeffectivesomeoneis（一個(gè)人的效率有多高）可知，空格部分表示“評(píng)價(jià)，評(píng)估”。句意：主管對(duì)某人工作效率的評(píng)估。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第7題:考查形容詞辨析和上下文邏輯。A項(xiàng)relative“相對(duì)的”，B項(xiàng)absolute“絕對(duì)的，完全的”，C項(xiàng)objective“客觀的，客觀存在的”，D項(xiàng)initiative“主動(dòng)的，自發(fā)的”；前面提到了subjective（主觀的），那么可以推斷出空格部分要填入一個(gè)與之相反的詞語(yǔ)，這樣才能構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的上下文邏輯關(guān)系。句意：身高越高，對(duì)工作表現(xiàn)的主觀評(píng)價(jià)（主管對(duì)工作效率的評(píng)價(jià)）和對(duì)工作表現(xiàn)的客觀評(píng)價(jià)（如銷售額）都越高。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第8題:考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)state“國(guó)家，情形”，B項(xiàng)status“地位，重要身份”，C項(xiàng)situation“情況，形勢(shì)”，D項(xiàng)statue“雕像，塑像”；根據(jù)后面的greaterrespect（更多的尊重）可猜測(cè)，空格處部分表示“更高的地位”。句意：其他人可能也會(huì)給予高個(gè)子更高的地位和更多的尊重，這使他們?cè)谡勁兄芯哂袃?yōu)勢(shì)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第9題:考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)origin“起源，源點(diǎn)”，B項(xiàng)source“來(lái)源，水源”，C項(xiàng)course“課程”，D項(xiàng)organization“組織”；根據(jù)句子Thecommandinginfluenceofheightmaybearemainderofourevolutionary（）（身高的重要影響可能是我們進(jìn)化……的殘余）可猜測(cè)，空格處部分表示“起源，開(kāi)端”。句意：身高的制勝作用可能是我們進(jìn)化起源的一個(gè)遺留物。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第10題:考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)atimein“在……一段時(shí)間”，B項(xiàng)aholdon“對(duì)……的控制”，C項(xiàng)aworkat“在……的一份工作”，D項(xiàng)asignof“一個(gè)……的象征，一個(gè)……的標(biāo)志”；根據(jù)句子Maybefromatimewhenhumanslivedamonganimalsandsizewas（）powerandstrengthusedwhenmaking“fightorrun”decisions.（也許從人類和動(dòng)物生活在一起的時(shí)候起，體型就是力量和強(qiáng)壯的……，在做出“戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑”的決定時(shí)使用）可猜測(cè)，空格處部分表示“象征，標(biāo)志”。句意：也許從人類和動(dòng)物生活在一起的時(shí)候起，當(dāng)做出“戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑”的決定時(shí)，體型就是力量和強(qiáng)壯的象征。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Manyofthesuccessfulmen,hadtheybeenabletochooseforthemselves,wouldhaveselectedsomequitedifferentprofessions（）theyhavemadefortunes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fromthatinwhich

B.fromwhich

C.inwhich

D.fromwhat

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞性從句。differentfrom“與……不同”，that代指professions,inwhich引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，其中in是makefortunesinsth.短語(yǔ)中的in；makefortunesinsth“靠……致富”。句意：許多成功的人，如果他們能夠自己選擇的話，會(huì)選擇一些與致使他們發(fā)財(cái)?shù)墓ぷ鹘厝徊煌穆殬I(yè)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

ValetaYoung,81,aretireefromLodi,Calif.,suffersfromcongestiveheartfailureandrequiresalmostconstantmonitoring.Butshedoesn’thavetodriveanywheretogetit.Twiceadayshestepsontoaspecialelectronicscale.Answersafewyesornoquestionsviapushbuttonsonasmallattachedmonitorandpressesabuttonthatsendstheinformationtoanurse’sstationinSanAntonio,Texas.“It’salmostadirectlinktomydoctor,”saysYoung,whodescribesherselfascomputerilliteratebutsaysshehasnoproblemsusingtheequipment.

Youngisnottheonlypatientwhoisdealingwithherdoctorfromadistance.Remotemonitoringisarapidlygrowingfieldinmedicaltechnology,withmorethan25firmscompetingtomeasureremotely—andtransmitbyphone,Internetorthroughtheairwaves—everythingfrompatients’heartratestohowoftentheycough.

Promptedbothbytheriseinhealth-carecostsandtheincreasingcomputerizationofhealth-careequipment,doctorsareusingremotemonitoringtotrackawideningvarietyofchronicdiseases.InMarch,St.FrancisUniversityinPittsburgh,Pa.,partneredwithacompanycalledBodyMediaonastudyinwhichruraldiabetespatientsusewirelessglucosemetersandarmbandsensorstomonitortheirdisease.Andlastfall,Yahoobeganofferingsubscriberstheabilitytocharttheirasthmaconditionsonline.UsingaPDA-sizerespiratorymonitorthatmeasureslungfunctionsinrealtimeande-mailsthedatedirectlytodoctors.

Suchhomemonitoring,saysDr.GeorgeDailey,aphysicianattheScrippsClinicinSanDiego,“couldsomedayreplacelessproductivewaysthatpatientstrack,changesintheirheartrte.Bloodsugar,lipidlevels,kidneyfunctionsandevenvision.”

Dr.TimothyMoore,executivevicepresidentofAlereMedical,whichproducedthesmartscalesthatYoungandmorethan10,000otherpatientsareusing,saysthatalmostanyvitalsigncould,intheory,bemonitoredfromhome.But,hewarns,thatmightnotalwaysmakegoodmedicalsense.Headvisesagainstperformingelectrocardiogramsremot