考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廈門演藝職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廈門演藝職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Freddoesn’tlikewhitecoffee,nordoesheliketoputcreamonhisstrawberries,becauseheprefersthem______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.natural

B.plain

C.simple

D.ordinary

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.natural自然的；天然的B.plain樸素的；簡(jiǎn)單的

C.simple簡(jiǎn)單的D.ordinary普通的；平常的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】按照主句內(nèi)容“弗雷德不喜歡加牛奶的咖啡，也不喜歡在草莓上加奶油”可推知，他喜歡吃原滋原味的食物，plain可以表示食物等素凈、清淡的，所以該題選擇B項(xiàng)恰當(dāng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)、D項(xiàng)不符合句意；

C項(xiàng)指人或事物擁有他們所需要的所有基本或必要的東西，或者某件事物易于理解，不符合語(yǔ)境。

【句意】弗雷德不喜歡加牛奶的咖啡，也不喜歡在草莓上加奶油，因?yàn)樗矚g原味的食物。

2.翻譯題

Humorhasbeenwelldefinedas“thinkinginfunwhilefeelinginearnest”.TheEnglishdonotapproachlifeintellectually;theydonotdemandthatitshallconformtosomerigidmentalplan;theyarenotconvincedthattheuniversecanbepenetratedbythought;theyarewillingtogotowork,eitherinpoliticsorart,withoutatheorytosustainthem;andwhentheyaremorepracticalthanotherraces,itisnot-asthoseracesfrequentlyconclude—becausetheyarecoldlyclear-sightedandunimaginative,butbecausetheydonotbusythemselvesaskingreasontofindakeywheninstincthasalreadyshownthemthatthedooriswideopen.

【答案】幽默能被很好地定義為“一邊誠(chéng)摯地感受，一邊有趣地思考”。英國(guó)人不肯理智地對(duì)待生活。他們不要求人生必須符合某種死板的計(jì)劃，他們也不相信宇宙會(huì)被透徹地思考研究。他們?cè)敢庠跊](méi)有理論支持的情況下從事政治或藝術(shù)工作。并且當(dāng)他們比別的民族更實(shí)際的時(shí)候，事實(shí)并不是因?yàn)樗麄兡苤挥蓄^腦冷靜、缺乏想象力像別的民族得出的結(jié)論那樣，而是因?yàn)楫?dāng)本能已經(jīng)告訴他們門是打開(kāi)的時(shí)候，他們沒(méi)有忙著讓理性去找出鑰匙。

3.單選題

IncolonialAmerica,peoplegenerallycoveredtheirbedswithdecorativequiltsresemblingthoseofthelandsfromwhichthequittershadcome.WealthyandsociallyprominentsettlersmadequiltsoftheEnglishtype,cutfromlargelengthsofclothofthesamecolorandtextureratherthanstitchedtogetherfromsmallerpieces.TheymadetheseuntiltheadventoftheRevolutionaryWarin1775,wheneverythingEnglishcametobefrownedupon.

Amongthewhole-clothquiltsmadebythesewealthysettlersduringtheearlyperiodarethosenowcalledlinsey-woolseys.Thistermwasusuallyappliedtoafabricofwoolandlinenusedinheavyclothingandquiltedpetticoatsworninthewintertime.Despitethename,linsey-woolseybedcoversdidnotoftencontainlinen.Rather,theyweremadeofatoplayerofwoolenorglazedworstedwoolfabric,consistingofsmooth,compactyarnfromlongwoolfiberdyeddarkblue,green,orbrownwithabottomlayerofacoarserwoolenmaterial,eithernaturalorashadeofyellow.Thefillingwasasoftlayerofwoolwhichhadbeencleanedandseparatedandthethreelayerswereheldtogetherwithdecorativestitchingdonewithhomespunlinenthread.Later,cottonthreadwasusedforthispurpose.Thedesignofthestitchingwasoftenasimpleonecomposedofinterlockingcirclesorcrosseddiagonallinesgivingadiamondpattern.

Thistypeofheavy,warm,quiltedbedcoverwassolargethatithungtothefloor.Thecomersarecutoutatthefootofthecoversothatthequiltfitsnuglyaroundthetallfour-poster,bedsofthe1700s,whichdifferedfromthoseoftodayinthattheywereshorterandwider;theywereshortbecausepeoplesleptinasemi-sittingpositionwithmanybolstersorpillows,andwide,becauseeachbedoftensleptthreeormore.Thelinsey-woolseycoveringwasfoundinthecolderregionsofthecountrybecauseofthewarmthitafforded.Therewasnocentralheatingandmostbedroomsdidnothavefireplaces.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

2.TheauthormentionstheRevolutionaryWarasatimeperiodwhen（

）.

3.Thequiltsdescribedinthesecondandthirdparagraphsweremadeprimarilyof（

）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthatthesleepinghabitsofmostAmericanshavechangedsincethe1700sinallthefollowingwaysEXCEPT

（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingwasmostlikelytobefoundinabedroominthecolderareasoftheAmericancolonies?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theprocessingofwool

B.Linsey-woolseybedcovers

C.SleepinghabitsofcolonialAmericans

D.QuiltsmadeinEngland

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.quiltsweresuppliedtothearmy

B.moreimmigrantsarrivedfromEngland

C.quiltsimportedfromEnglandbecamehardertofind

D.people'sattitudestowardEnglandchanged

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.wool

B.linen

C.cotton

D.amixtureoffabrics

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thepositioninwhichpeoplesleep

B.thenumbersofbolstersorpillowspeoplesleepon

C.thelengthoftimepeoplesleep

D.thenumberofpeoplewhosleepinonebed

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Alinsey-woolsey

B.Aventfromacentralhealingsystem

C.Afireplace

D.Awoodstove

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，原文第一段首先介紹了什么是被褥，接下來(lái)的段落則是具體介紹其中的一種——Linsey-woolsey。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“TheymadetheseuntiltheadventoftheRevolutionaryWarin1775,wheneverythingEnglishcametobefrownedupon.”直到1775年革命戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)，人們對(duì)來(lái)自英國(guó)的一切都不贊成。也就是說(shuō)，人們對(duì)英國(guó)的態(tài)度改變了。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“Despitethename,linsey-woolseybedcoversdidnotoftencontainlinen.Rather,theyweremadeofatoplayerofwoolenorglazedworstedwoolfabric...”盡管有這個(gè)名字，linsey-woolsey床單通常并不包含亞麻。相反，它們是由一層羊毛或光滑的精紡毛織物制成的……由此可知，其主要成分是羊毛，選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“theywereshortbecausepeoplesleptinasemi-sittingpositionwithmanybolstersorpillows,andwide,becauseeachbedoftensleptthreeormore.”它們短是因?yàn)槿藗円园胱淖藙?shì)睡覺(jué)，有許多支撐物或枕頭；寬是因?yàn)槊繌埓餐ǔＫ齻€(gè)人或更多。由此可知，選項(xiàng)A，B，D均有提及，只有選項(xiàng)C不正確。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“Thelinsey-woolseycoveringwasfoundinthecolderregionsofthecountrybecauseofthewarmthitafforded.”由于它所提供的溫暖，人們?cè)谠搰?guó)較冷的地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種類似羊毛的覆蓋物。所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

Theyarealsocontactingthemilitarytoaidinthe______ofthecallingcardsandcellphones.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attribution

B.distribution

C.contribution

D.tuition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)attribution“歸因，屬性”，B項(xiàng)distribution“分布，分配”，C項(xiàng)contribution“貢獻(xiàn)”，D項(xiàng)tuition“學(xué)費(fèi)，講授”。根據(jù)句子意思“他們還聯(lián)系了軍方，幫助……電話卡和手機(jī)”可知，A、D選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境；inthedistributionof表示“在……方面分配/分發(fā)”符合句子語(yǔ)義。句意：他們還與軍方聯(lián)系，幫助分發(fā)電話卡和手機(jī)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Inthecompetitivemodel—theeconomyofmanysellerseachwithasmallshareofthetotalmarket—therestraintontheprivateexerciseofeconomicpowerwasprovidedbyotherfirmsonthesamesideofthemarket.Itwastheeagernessofcompetitorstosell,notthecomplaintsofbuyers,thatsavedthelatterfromspoliation.Itwasassumed,nodoubtaccurately,thatthenineteenth-centurytextilemanufacturerwhooverchargedforhisproductwouldpromptlylosehismarkettoanothermanufacturerwhodidnot.Ifallmanufacturersfoundthemselvesinapositionwheretheycouldexploitastrongdemand,andmarkuptheirpricesaccordingly,therewouldsoonbeaninflowofnewcompetitors.Theresultingincreaseinsupplywouldbringpricesandprofitsbacktonormal.

Aswiththesellerwhowastemptedtousehiseconomicpoweragainstthecustomer,sowiththebuyerwhowastemptedtouseitagainsthislabororsuppliers,themanwhopaidlessthantheprevailingwagewouldlosehislaborforcetothosewhopaidtheworkerhisfull(marginal)contributiontotheearningsofthefirm.Inallcasestheincentivetosociallydesirablebehaviorwasprovidedbythecompetitor.Itwastothesamesideofthemarket—therestraintofsellersbyothersellersandofbuyersbyotherbuyers,inotherwordstocompetition—thateconomistscametolookfortheself-regulatorymechanismsoftheeconomy.

Theyalsocametolooktocompetitionexclusivelyandinformal;theorystilldo.Thenotionthattheremightbeanotherregulatorymechanismintheeconomyhadbeenalmostcompletelyexcludedfromeconomicthought.Thus,withthewidespreaddisappearanceofcompetitioninitsclassicalfromanditsreplacementbythesmallgroupoffirmsifnotinovert,atleastinconventionalortacit,collusion,itwaseasytosupposethatsincecompetitionhaddisappeared,alleffectiverestraintonprivatepowerhaddisappeared.Indeed,thisconclusionwasallbutinevitableifnosearchwasmadeforotherrestraints,andsocompletewasthepreoccupationwithcompetitionthatnonewasmade.

Infact,newrestraintsonprivatepowerdidappeartoreplacecompetition.Theywerenurturedbythesameprocessofconcentrationwhichimpairedordestroyedcompetition.Buttheyappearednotonthesamesideofthemarketbutontheoppositeside,notwithcompetitorsbutwithcustomersorsuppliers.ItwillbeconvenienttohaveanameforthiscounterpartofcompetitionandIshallcallitcountervailingpower.

Tobeginwithabroadandsomewhattoodogmaticallystatedproposition,privateeconomicpowerisheldincheckbythecountervailingpowerofthosewhoaresubjecttoit.Thefirstbegetsthesecond.Thelongtrendtowardconcentrationofindustrialenterpriseinthehandsofarelativelyfewfirmshasbroughtintoexistencenotonlystrongsellers,aseconomistshavesupposed,butalsostrongbuyers,afacttheyhavefailedtosee.Thetwodeveloptogether,notinprecisestep,butinsuchmannerthattherecanbenodoubtthattheoneisinresponsetotheother.

21.Theword“spoliation”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans（）.

22.Howiseconomicpowerappliedwhenamanufacturerwantstohiremoreworkers?

23.Economistsdidn’tsearchforotherrestraintsotherthancompetitionbecause（）.

24.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofothereconomists’predictionabouttheoutcomesofconcentration?

25.Thepassagemainlydiscussesabout（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.loot

B.spoil

C.restraint

D.agitation

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Heoffersthemwelfarefunds.

B.Hepaysthemaccordingtotheirwork.

C.Heprovidesfreeboardandlodging.

D.Hegivesthemchancesofgettingpromoted.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theysolelyfocusedoncompetition

B.theyhadnoideaofotherrestraints

C.theyhadmoreinterestincompetition

D.otherrestraintswereoflittleimportance

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavemadewildpredictions.

B.Theyfailedtoseetheriseofmerger.

C.Theyforesawtheappearanceofstrongbuyers.

D.Theirsuppositionwaspartiallytrue.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.business

B.buyersandsellers

C.businessmodel

D.economicpower

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】21.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)題干信息將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文第一段。根據(jù)下文“…wouldpromptlylosehismarkettoanothermanufacturerwhodidnot（會(huì)很快把市場(chǎng)拱手讓給另一家沒(méi)有這么做的制造商）”“…exploitastrongdemand,andmarkuptheirpricesaccordingly（利用強(qiáng)勁的需求，相應(yīng)地抬高價(jià)格）”即可得出本題答案。

22.

事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段第一句?！癆swiththesellerwhowastemptedtousehiseconomicpoweragainstthecustomer,sowiththebuyerwhowastemptedtouseitagainsthislabororsuppliers,themanwhopaidlessthantheprevailingwagewouldlosehislaborforcetothosewhopaidtheworkerhisfull(marginal)contributiontotheearningsofthefirm.（對(duì)于那些想要用他的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力來(lái)對(duì)付顧客的賣方，同樣對(duì)于想要用經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力來(lái)對(duì)付他的勞動(dòng)力或供應(yīng)商的買方，支付低于當(dāng)時(shí)工資的人將會(huì)失去他的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，或者被迫接受那些向工人支付他對(duì)公司收入的全部（邊際）貢獻(xiàn)的人。）”即可得出本題答案。

23.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第三段第一句。根據(jù)“Theyalsocametolooktocompetitionexclusivelyandinformal;theorystilldo.（他們也開(kāi)始只關(guān)注正式的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；理論仍然如此。）”即可得出本題答案。

24.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“othereconomists’prediction”“theoutcomesofconcentration”可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文最后一段第三句。根據(jù)“Thelongtrendtowardconcentrationofindustrialenterpriseinthehandsofarelativelyfewfirmshasbroughtintoexistencenotonlystrongsellers,aseconomistshavesupposed,butalsostrongbuyers,afacttheyhavefailedtosee.（長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，工業(yè)企業(yè)集中在相對(duì)較少的公司手中的趨勢(shì)，不僅像經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家所認(rèn)為的那樣，帶來(lái)了強(qiáng)勁的賣方，也帶來(lái)了強(qiáng)勁的買方，這是他們沒(méi)有看到的事實(shí)。）”即可得出本題答案。

25.

主旨大意題。通讀全文即可發(fā)現(xiàn)作者全篇談?wù)摰慕允巧虡I(yè)方面的內(nèi)容。從而得出本題答案。

6.單選題

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermayloseobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoulthequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking，sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking'sbiography—notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographersoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountis“authentic”one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis“authorized”bythesubject.Thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.“Unauthorized”biographersalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,the“unauthorized”characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral“authentic”ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotell“the”storyofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubject,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,anidealbiographerwouldbeonewho（

）.

2.TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothepassage?

4.Anunauthorizedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause

（

）.

5.Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.knowsthesubjectverywellandyetmaintainsaproperdistancefromhim

B.isclosetothesubjectandknowsthetechniquesofbiographywriting

C.isindependentandknowsthetechniquesofbiographywriting

D.possessesspecialprivateinformationandissympathetictowardthesubject

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thebestbiographiesaremeanttotransformtheirreaders

B.biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubjects’lives

C.thebestbiographiesarethoseofheroesandfamousfigures

D.biographiescanseverdifferentpurposes

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders.

B.Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject

C.Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography.

D.Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.itportraysthesubjectbothfaithfullyandvividly

B.itcontainsinterestinginformationaboutthesubject’sprivatelife

C.itrevealsalotofaccuratedetailsunknowntotheoutsiders

D.itusuallygivesasympatheticdescriptionofthesubject’scharacter

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjob

B.thesecretofabiographertowinmorereaders

C.thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteagoodbiography

D.thecharacteristicsofdifferentkindsofbiographies

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章首句指出:Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject(傳記作家必須與主人公保持適當(dāng)距離，并要時(shí)常調(diào)整與主人公之間的距離).故選A“既要比較了解，又要保持一定距離”。

2.判斷推理題。題干關(guān)鍵詞ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBible前面所在句為:Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographersoftenrevealademocraticmotive(當(dāng)主人公是英雄或著名人物吋，傳記作者常常會(huì)流露出民主的動(dòng)機(jī))以及Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus(其它一些傳記則有意要改變我們)?？芍x擇D“傳記可以有不同的目的”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知傳記作家和主人公的關(guān)系太近太遠(yuǎn)都不好;第二段第一句指出:Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask(要完成這一任務(wù)，沒(méi)有最佳位罝);最后一段最后一句:Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotell“the”storyofalife(我們直覺(jué)地意識(shí)到?jīng)]有人能夠講述完整的人生故事)。故選C“沒(méi)人能寫出完美傳記”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出:the“unauthorized”characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress(未經(jīng)授權(quán)的傳記通常意味著讀者有可能從中讀到主人公不希望公之于眾的刺激的八卦消息),因此選B“包含有關(guān)主人公私生活的有趣的信息”。

5.主旨大意題。文章指出:傳記作家在與主人公關(guān)系太近太遠(yuǎn)都不好。無(wú)論傳記作者如何描述，都不能完完全全展示人物的真實(shí)生活。因此選A“傳記作者很難選準(zhǔn)最佳角度去寫作”。

7.單選題

Agoodeducationisan（

）youcanfallbackonfortherestofyourlife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.asset

B.ethic

C.inventory

D.obligation

【答案】A

【解析】句意:好的教育是你余生能依靠的資產(chǎn)。

考查名詞辨析。Asset資產(chǎn),優(yōu)點(diǎn),有利條件;ethic道德準(zhǔn)則,倫理標(biāo)準(zhǔn);inventory清單,財(cái)產(chǎn)清單,(商店的)存貨;obligation義務(wù),職責(zé),責(zé)任。因此A符合句意。

8.單選題

BarackObamarevsupontheenvironmentbylettingstatessetcar-emissionsstandards.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.landsup

B.botchesup

C.startsup

D.sharksup

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)landup“到達(dá)終點(diǎn)；最終成為；使淤塞”；B選項(xiàng)botchup“搞壞；弄糟”；C選項(xiàng)startup“開(kāi)始；發(fā)動(dòng)；突然站起；突然出現(xiàn)”；D選項(xiàng)sharkup“敲詐”。句意：巴拉克?奧巴馬（BarackObama）通過(guò)讓各州設(shè)定汽車排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)加速環(huán)境保護(hù)。revup“使更活躍；使快轉(zhuǎn)；加速”。與該詞組意思最接近的是C選項(xiàng)，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Ithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatthesizeoftheuniverse（

）ourimagination.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transforms

B.transfers

C.transpires

D.transcends

【答案】D

【解析】transform改變，轉(zhuǎn)化；transfer轉(zhuǎn)移，移交；transpire蒸發(fā)，泄露；transcend勝過(guò)，超越。句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為宇宙的大小超出了我們的想象。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

10.單選題

TheAmericansocietyis（

）anexceedinglyshakyfoundationofnaturalresourceswhichisconnectedwiththepossibilityofaworseningenvironment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.establishedon

B.affiliatedto

C.originatedfrom

D.incorporatedwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。（be）establishedon“建立在……之上”。句意：美國(guó)社會(huì)是建立在一種極其不穩(wěn)固的自然資源基礎(chǔ)上的，這與可能惡化的環(huán)境有聯(lián)系。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)義，A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Abroadcastingstationwillsometimes（）toitslistenersaprogrammewhichithasreceivedfromanotherstation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rely

B.relay

C.relate

D.reside

【答案】B

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。rely“依靠”；relay“轉(zhuǎn)播”；relate“聯(lián)系”；reside“居住，留守”。句意:有時(shí)候一個(gè)廣播電臺(tái)會(huì)將其所收到的其他電臺(tái)的節(jié)目轉(zhuǎn)播給聽(tīng)眾。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.單選題

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristicsandthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.However,thereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieu'sviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrageshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoon（季風(fēng)）fromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,

continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulation.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciations（冰蝕）hadafurtherthinningeffect,butsignificantlydidnotwipeoutlifeinthearea.Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.IsolatedbytheKunlunrangefromtheTarimbasinandTurfandepression,specieswhichhadalreadyadaptedtothedrysteppeclimate,andwouldotherwisehavebeenexpectedtoflourishinTibetan,theremainingnativefaunaandflora（動(dòng)植物）multiplied.ArmanddescribestheTibetanfaunaasnothavinggreatvariety,butbeing"striking”intheabundanceoftheparticularspeciesthatarepresent.Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys;withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan’’tea"isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.

Thedifficultiesoflivinginanenvironmentatoncedryandcoldandpopulatedwithspeciesmoreusuallyfoundinmorehospitableclimates,aregreat.Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandrous（一妻多夫制）societiestypicaloftheregion.Lattimoreseesthemaintenanceofmultiple-husbandhouseholdsasbeingpreservedfromearlierformsbytheharshconditionsoftheTibetanuplandswhichpermittedno

experimentationand"froze"thecultureswhichcamethere.Kawakita,ontheotherhand,seesthepolyandryasawayofeasilypermittingthebesthouseholdertobecometheheadhusbandregardlessofage.HisdetailedstudiesoftheBhoteavillageofTsumjedoseemtosupportthisideaofpolyandryasamethodoftalentmobilityisasituationwhereeventhebesttalentisbarelyenoughforsurvivalformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.

Insum,thoughargumentscanbemadethatapre-existingpolyandroussystemwasstrengthenedandpreserved（insofarasithasbeen）bytherigorsoftheland,itwouldcertainlybeanoverstatementtolaycausativefactorsofanystrongernaturetotheecologicalinfluencesinthiscase.

1.Whatarethe"unusualtraitsorsituations"referredtointhefirstsentence?

2.Thepurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

3.Theauthor'sknowledgeofTibetisprobably（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldprobablybethemostagreeabletoMontesquieu?

5.ThespeciesoffaunaandfloraremaininginTibetafterthePleistoceneglaciationscanproperlybecalledcontinentalbecausethey（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Patternsofanimalandplantgrowth

B.FoodandfoodpreparationpatternsoftheuplandTibetans.

C.SocialandfamilialorganizationoftypicalTibetansociety.

D.Alloftheabove

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.analyzethepossiblecausallinksbetweenTibetanecologyandsociety.

B.describethesocialorganizationoftypicalTibetanvillages.

C.describeTibetanfaunaandflora.

D.analyzethemysteriesofthesuddenappearanceoftheHimalayas.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.basedonfirsthandexperience

B.theresultoflifelongstudies.

C.derivedfrombooksonly

D.limitedtogeologicalhistory

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Allregionshavedifferentsoilsandthus,differentcultures

B.Someregionswithsimilarclimateswillhavesimilarcultures.

C.Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.

D.Theplantsofacountry,bybeingthefoodofitspeople,causethepeopletohavesimilarviewstooneanother.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.areoriginallyfoundincontinentalclimates.

B.aretheonlylifeformsinTibet,whichisasbigasacontinent.

C.havebeenfoundinotherpartsoftheAsiancontinent.

D.arefoundinlandmassthatusedtobeaseparatecontinent.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。A項(xiàng)(動(dòng)植物生長(zhǎng)模式),B項(xiàng)(高原藏族的食物和食物準(zhǔn)備模式),C項(xiàng)(典型藏族社會(huì)的社會(huì)家庭組織)都是文中提到的不尋常的特征或情況。

2.主旨大意題。文章主要是分析了一妻多夫制的社會(huì)體制及其形成的生態(tài)原因。

3.推斷題。文章中作者引用了Montesquieu,Armand等人的觀點(diǎn),由此推測(cè)作者對(duì)西藏的知識(shí)應(yīng)該是從書本中獲得。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段得知Montesquieu認(rèn)為如果同一地區(qū)的土壤和氣候相同，那么其文化也應(yīng)該相同。故選C。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段指出:Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationtherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies(因此，在冰河期結(jié)束后，只有少數(shù)現(xiàn)存于原始大陸物種生命),故選A。

13.單選題

Althoughshescrubbedtheoldpotthoroughly,shecouldnotmakeitlookcompletelyclean.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.disinfected

B.scratched

C.rinsed

D.scoured

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。橫線單詞scrubbed意為“用力擦洗；使凈化”；A選項(xiàng)“disinfected”意為“將……消毒”；B選項(xiàng)“scratched”意為“抓；刮；挖出；亂涂”；C選項(xiàng)“rinsed”意為“（用清水）沖洗，漂凈”；D選項(xiàng)“scoured”意為“（用粗糙的物體）擦凈，洗滌；沖洗，清除”。句意：雖然她已經(jīng)徹底地擦洗那只舊壺，但她無(wú)法使它看上去完全干凈。由題干可知，shecouldnotmakeitlookcompletelyclean（但她無(wú)法使它看上去完全干凈）說(shuō)明她正設(shè)法把那只舊壺弄干凈，可以推測(cè)出這里的動(dòng)作應(yīng)該是擦凈。由此可知，scrubbed在此處最可能是“用力擦洗”的意思，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中scoured具有“擦凈”的意思，與此相近。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Thepolicearesuspicious（

）hiswordsbecausehealreadyhasarecord.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.at

C.on

D.of

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。besuspiciousof“對(duì)……感到懷疑”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。句意：警察對(duì)他的話感到懷疑因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)做好了記錄。

15.翻譯題

任何形式的腦力鍛煉都比窩在沙發(fā)上看電視要好。但最能產(chǎn)生積極影響的鍛煉活動(dòng)絕不是簡(jiǎn)單和輕松的活動(dòng)：永無(wú)休止地玩游戲，或者看歷史頻道的最新記錄長(zhǎng)片可能是不夠的。就像肌肉越用越強(qiáng)健一樣，腦力訓(xùn)練可以使你的心智技能和記憶力保持張力。不要過(guò)得太舒服。走出舒適區(qū)，時(shí)不時(shí)挑戰(zhàn)一下你的心智技能，比如到你從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)的城市旅游，這會(huì)使你在陌生的環(huán)境里不斷探索。

【答案】【參考譯文】AnyformofmentalexerciseisbetterthanwatchingTVonthesofa.Buttheexerciseactivitiesthatcanhavethemostpositiveimpactarebynomeanssimpleandeasyactivities:itmaynotbeenoughtoplaygamesendlesslyorwatchthelatestdocumentaryfeaturefilmsonthehistorychannel.Justasmusclesbecomestrongerwithuse,mentaltrainingcankeepyourmentalskillsandmemoryundertension.Don’tbetoocomfortable.Stepoutofyourcomfortzoneandoccasionallychallengeyourmentalskills,suchastravelingtoacityyouhaveneverbeento,whichwillmakeyouconstantlyexploreinastrangeenvironment.

16.單選題

African-Americanwomenpoetsalso（）totheliteraryachievementoftheHarlemRenaissance,particularlyintheirarticulationofrace,classandgenderissues.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contributed

B.approached

C.adapted

D.elevated

【答案】A

【解析】句意:非裔美國(guó)女性詩(shī)人也對(duì)哈萊姆文藝復(fù)興吋期的文學(xué)成就做出了貢獻(xiàn)，尤其是她們?cè)诜N族、階級(jí)和性別問(wèn)題上的表達(dá)。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。contribute貢獻(xiàn)，出力，投稿，捐獻(xiàn)；approach接近，著手處理；adapt使適應(yīng)，改編；elevate提升，維起，振奮情緒等。

17.單選題

Amanufacturerdoesnotusuallydealdirectlywithpeoplewhousehisproducts.Hesellshisproductstothemindirectlythrough(1)outlets.Thereforehissellingproblemhastwoaspects:Hemust(2)storekeepersthatitwillbe(3)forthemtostockthethingshemanufactures,andhemust(4)thousandsormillionsofunseenpeopletobuyhisproductsfromstorekeepersinvariousplaces.Thiskindofselling(5)bothtradeadvertisingandconsumeradvertising.Themanufacturerplacesadvertisementsintrademagazinesthatarereadby(6)whosellshistypeofproducts.Hethenundertakesmorecostlyadvertising(7)totheconsumer.

Advertisersknowfrompracticalexperiencethatproducts,oldornew,cannotbe(8)people.Inthemoderneconomy“theconsumeristheking.”Customersare(9)whattheywant.Muchmoneyisspentonresearch(10)anefforttounderstandtheconsumer’sdesires.(11)theseeffortstopleasethepublic,(12)areoftenfickle.They(13)theirpreferencesfromonebrandtoanotherorfromonetypeofproducttoanother.Inmanyinstancesnoamountofadvertising,(14)cleverorpersuasive,cankeeppeoplefrommakingsuchchanges.(15),advertisingitselfisoftenthecauseofthecustomer’sdecisiontochangeproducts.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wholesale

B.retail

C.wholesome

D.retailing

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.convince

B.advice

C.inform

D.prompt

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.profitable

B.triumphant

C.mandatory

D.privileged

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.advertise

B.induce

C.authorize

D.enlighten

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.callson

B.callsoff

C.callsup

D.callsfor

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.readers

B.consumers

C.merchants

D.retailers

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.toadapt

B.toappeal

C.torespond

D.toobject

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.forcedon

B.promotedto

C.compelledby

D.coercedto

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.freeofbuying

B.freefrombuyi