考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廈門(mén)軟件職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廈門(mén)軟件職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theresearchrequiresmoremoneythan（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.havebeenputin

B.hasbeenputin

C.beingputin

D.tobeputin

【答案】B

【解析】句意:該研究需要的經(jīng)費(fèi)比己經(jīng)投入的經(jīng)費(fèi)要多。

語(yǔ)法題。考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。由句中關(guān)鍵詞“requires”為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)知“錢(qián)的被投入屬于己經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”，再由“money錢(qián)”表示單數(shù)知B項(xiàng)“hasbeenputin（這里has前面省略了關(guān)系代詞that）”正確。

2.單選題

（）thesequestionsmaysoundacademic,answerstothemcouldhaveprofoundeconomicandpoliticalsignificance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Since

B.While

C.Unless

D.Lest

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)since“自……以來(lái)；因?yàn)椤?；B選項(xiàng)while“雖然，然而，當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”；C選項(xiàng)unless“除非；若非”；D選項(xiàng)lest“唯恐，以免”。句意：雖然這些問(wèn)題聽(tīng)起來(lái)是學(xué)術(shù)的，但是它們的答案可能有深遠(yuǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治意義。前后句子存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此B項(xiàng)正確。

3.翻譯題

Hewastakentothehugemedievalfortressattheharbour’smouth.Hefoundprisonlifefairlyendurable.Hiscellwasdampanddark,andthefoodwasbadandinsufficient;buthissistersoonobtainedpermissiontosendhimallthenecessariesoflifefromhome.HewaskeptinsolitaryconfinementandfailedtoobtainanyexplanationofthecauseofhisarrestNeverthelessthetranquilframeofmindinwhichhehadenteredthefortressdidnotchange.Notbeingallowedbooks,hespenthistimeinprayeranddevoutmeditation,andwaitedwithoutimpatienceforthefurthercourseofevents.

【答案】他被帶進(jìn)港口那個(gè)巨大的中世紀(jì)城堡里。他覺(jué)得監(jiān)獄生活相當(dāng)難過(guò)。他的牢房既潮濕又黑暗，食物很難吃而且吃不飽；但是他姐姐很快就獲準(zhǔn)從家里給他送來(lái)了所有的生活必需品。他被單獨(dú)關(guān)押，而且沒(méi)能查明逮捕他的原因。然而，他進(jìn)入城堡時(shí)那種平靜的心境并沒(méi)有改變。由于不允許看書(shū)，他就通過(guò)祈禱和沉思度日，耐心等待事件的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

AWashington-basedthinktankhasbeensolicitingcritiquesofthejust-releasedinternationalassessmentoftheevidenceonclimatechange,amovethatpromptedsomeacademicsandenvironmentaliststoaccusethegroupofseekingtodistortthelatestevidenceforglobalwarming.

AdvocacygroupssuchasGreenpeaceandthePublicInterestResearchGroupquestionedwhytheAmericanEnterpriseInstitute(AEI)hasoffered$10,000toacademicswillingtocontributetoabookonclimate—changepolicy,anoverturethatwasfirstreportedFridayinLondon’sGuardiannewspaper.

GreenpeacespokeswomanJaneKochersperger,whonotedthatAEIhasreceivedfundingfromExxonMobilinrecentyears,saidyesterdaythatthethinktank“hasclearlyhitanewlow…whenit’sthrowingoutcashawardsundertherubricof‘reason’tocreateconfusiononthestatusofclimatescience.AmericansarestillsufferingtheimpactsofHurricaneKatrina,andit’sclearlytimeforpolicymakersonbothsidesoftheaisletotakesubstantiveactiononglobalwarmingandignoreExxonMobil’sdisinformationcampaignviaclimateskeptics.”

AEIvisitingscholarKennethGreen—oneoftworesearcherswhohassoughttocommissionthecritiques—saidinaninterviewthathisgroupisexaminingthepolicydebateonglobalwarming,notthescience.

“It’scompletelypolicy-oriented,”saidGreen,addingthatathirdoftheacademicsAEIsolicitedfortheprojectareinterestedinparticipating.“Somebodywantstodistortthis.”

InJuly2006,GreenandAEIresidentscholarStevenF.Hayward—bothofwhomhavequestionedtheneedforcapsonemissionsofcarbondioxideandothergasseslinkedtoglobalwarming—startedsolicitingessaysfromacademicsonthethen-upcomingreportonglobalwarmingbytheU.N.—sponsoredIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC).Thesurvey’sauthors,whohailfrommorethan100countries,saidintheirreportFridaythattheyareatleast90percentcertainthathumanactivityaccountedforclimatechangeoverthepast50years.

“ThepurposeoftheprojectistohighlightthestrengthsandweaknessesoftheIPCCprocess,especiallyasitbearsonpolicyresponsestoclimatechange,”thetwomenwrote.“Aswithanylarge-scale‘consensus’process,theIPCCissusceptibletoself-selectionbiasinitspersonnel,resistanttoreasonablecriticismanddissent,andlikelytohavesummaryconclusionsthatarepoorlysupportedbytheanalyticalworkofthecompleteWorkingGroupreports.”

Atleasttwoacademics—TexasA&MUniversityatmosphericsciencesprofessorGeraldNorthandTexasA&MclimateresearcherStevenSchroeder—turneddownAEI’sofferbecausetheyfearedtheirworkwouldbepoliticized.

Schroeder,whohasworkedwithGreeninthepastandhasquestionedsomeaspectsoftraditionalclimatemodeling,saidinaninterviewthathedidnotthinkAEIwouldhaveskewedhisresults.Butheaddedthatheworriedhiscontributionmighthavebeenpublishedalongside“off-the-wallideas”questioningtheexistenceofglobalwarming.

“Weworriedourworkcouldbemisusedevenifweproducedareasonablereport,”Schroedersaid.“Whileanyhumanendeavorcanbecriticized,theIPCCsystemgreatlyexceedsthecooperation,opennessandscientificrigorousnessoftheprocessappliedtoanyotherproblemareathathassignificanteffectsonsociety.”

41.Theword“commission”inthefourthparagraphcanbebestreplacedby（）.

42.Someacademicsandenvironmentalistsaccuse（）ofseekingtodistortthelatestevidenceofglobalwarming.

43.Advocacygroupsinclude（）.

44.JaneKocherspergeris（）.

45.KennethGreenbelieves（）.

46.Thebesttitleforthisarticleis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.callingthegrouptogethertodothejob

B.separatingthegroupfromdoingthejob

C.committee

D.settingupacommitteetotacklethisissue

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.aWashington—basedthinktank

B.asolicitor

C.anassessment

D.anassessmentgroup

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.AmericanEnterpriseinstituteandthePublicInstituteResearchGroup

B.GreenpeaceandAmericanEnterpriseInstitute

C.GreenpeacePublicInterestResearchGroupandAmericanEnterpriseInstitute

D.PublicInterestResearchGroupandGreenpeace

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.anemployerofExxonMobil

B.aU.S.congressperson

C.avictimofHurricaneKatrina

D.aspokespersonforGreenpeace

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thereisaneedtocapemissionsofcarbondioxideandothergasseslinkedtoglobalwarming

B.thereisnoneedtocapemissionofcarbondioxideandothergasseslinkedtoglobalwarming

C.globalwarmingisabigprobleminmorethan100countries

D.globalwarmingisnotabigprobleminmorethan100countries

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.OurEnvironmentalConcerns

B.TheThreatofGlobalWarming

C.TheDebateoverGlobalWarming

D.TheBuildUpofCarbonDioxideWeFaceToday

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:C

【解析】41.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】詞義辨析題。commission出現(xiàn)在文章第四段AEIvisitingscholarKennethGreen—oneoftworesearcherswhohassoughttocommissionthecritiques（美國(guó)企業(yè)研究所訪問(wèn)學(xué)者肯尼斯?格林——兩名尋求委托發(fā)表評(píng)論的研究人員之一），根據(jù)第四“commission”一詞的后面一句saidinaninterviewthathisgroupisexaminingthepolicydebateonglobalwarming.（他的團(tuán)體正在研究全球變暖的政治辯論）。A選項(xiàng)“召集大家來(lái)做這件事”，符合文章內(nèi)容。B選項(xiàng)“把團(tuán)隊(duì)和工作分開(kāi)”，不符合題意，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“委員會(huì)”，commission這里作為動(dòng)詞，C選項(xiàng)詞性不符合，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“評(píng)估小組”，不符合題意，可排除。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

42.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一句、第二句AWashington-basedthinktankhasbeensolicitingcritiques（一家總部設(shè)在華盛頓的智庫(kù)一直在征求批評(píng)意見(jiàn)），可知accusethegroupofseekingtodistortthelatestevidenceforglobalwarming.（指責(zé)該組織試圖歪曲全球變暖的最新證據(jù)）中的“thegroup”指的是前面的“華盛頓智庫(kù)”。A選項(xiàng)“華盛頓智庫(kù)”，符合文章內(nèi)容。B選項(xiàng)“說(shuō)客”，不符合題意，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“評(píng)估”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“評(píng)估小組”，不符合題意，可排除。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

43.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第二段AdvocacygroupssuchasGreenpeaceandthePublicInterestResearchGroup（倡導(dǎo)組織如綠色和平組織和公共利益研究組織），說(shuō)明倡導(dǎo)組織就是綠色和平組織和公共利益研究組織。D選項(xiàng)“公共利益研究小組和綠色和平組織”，符合文章內(nèi)容。A選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)企業(yè)研究所和公共研究所研究小組”，在文中沒(méi)有提及，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“綠色和平組織和美國(guó)企業(yè)研究所”、C選項(xiàng)“綠色和平公共利益研究小組和美國(guó)企業(yè)研究所”在文中沒(méi)有提及美國(guó)，C可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

44.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句GreenpeacespokeswomanJaneKochersperger（綠色和平組織發(fā)言人JaneKochersperger）。選項(xiàng)D“綠色和平組織發(fā)言人”，符合文章內(nèi)容。A選項(xiàng)“埃克森美孚公司的雇主”，不符合文章內(nèi)容，可排除。選項(xiàng)B“美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)議員”，不符合文章內(nèi)容，可排除。選項(xiàng)C“卡特里娜颶風(fēng)的受害者”，不符合文章內(nèi)容，可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

45.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到文章第六段第二句bothofwhomhavequestionedtheneedforcapsonemissionsofcarbondioxideandothergasseslinkedtoglobalwarming（兩人都對(duì)限制二氧化碳和其他與全球變暖有關(guān)的氣體排放的必要性質(zhì)疑），二者皆懷疑限制二氧化碳和其它與全球變暖有關(guān)的氣體的釋放的需要，根據(jù)此意可知KennethGreen認(rèn)為沒(méi)有必要限制這些氣體的釋放。選項(xiàng)B“沒(méi)有必要限制二氧化碳和其他與全球變暖有關(guān)的氣體的排放”，符合文章內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)A“有必要限制二氧化碳和其他與全球變暖有關(guān)的氣體的排放”，A選項(xiàng)正好與文章內(nèi)容相反。選項(xiàng)C“全球變暖是100多個(gè)國(guó)家的一個(gè)大問(wèn)題”是文章沒(méi)有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“全球變暖在100多個(gè)國(guó)家都不是大問(wèn)題”，文章沒(méi)有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

46.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。從文章的第一段我們便可知道文章的主題，第一段講到華盛頓的一群智囊團(tuán)質(zhì)疑新近發(fā)布的有關(guān)全球變暖的證據(jù)報(bào)告，這導(dǎo)致了一些學(xué)術(shù)家和環(huán)境主義者對(duì)此的反駁和與智囊團(tuán)的爭(zhēng)辯。所以文章就是圍繞有關(guān)全球變暖的爭(zhēng)論開(kāi)始的。C選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于全球變暖的爭(zhēng)論”，符合文章內(nèi)容。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Paradoxically,Robinson’sexcessivedenialsoftheworthofearlyworksofsciencefictionsuggestthatshehasbecomequite（

）them.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reflectiveabout

B.skepticalof

C.enamoredof

D.offendedby

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。reflective反射的；沉思的；becomeskepticalof開(kāi)始非常懷疑······；enamoredof迷戀；becomeoffendedby感到被冒犯。句意：自相矛盾的是，羅賓遜對(duì)早期科幻作品價(jià)值的過(guò)度否認(rèn)表明她已經(jīng)開(kāi)始非常懷疑它們。由Paradoxically和Robinson’sexcessivedenialsoftheworthofearlyworksofsciencefictionsuggestthat可知B符合語(yǔ)境。

6.單選題

ThewholeembarrassinginthebarwasagreatdisappointmenttothemandsetabadexampleofEnglishhospitality.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incident

B.accident

C.thing

D.matter

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)incidentn.事件，事變，插曲；B選項(xiàng)accidentn.事故，意外；C選項(xiàng)thingn.事情，東西，情況；D選項(xiàng)mattern.物質(zhì)，原因。句意：酒吧里那件令人尷尬的事讓他們非常失望，這為英國(guó)人的好客樹(shù)立了一個(gè)不好的典范。因此，正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

Thetoneofthearticles（）thewriter’smoodatthetime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reproduced

B.reflected

C.imagined

D.imitated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。reproduce“繁殖，復(fù)制”;reflect“反映，表現(xiàn)”，reflectone'smood“反映某人的心情”，符合句意；imagine“想象，設(shè)想”；imitate“模仿，仿效”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。句意：文章的語(yǔ)氣反映了作者當(dāng)時(shí)的心情。

8.翻譯題

Contemporarypublicexpendituremanagement(PEM)isinterestedintheprocessofbudgetingprimarilybecauseproceduralrulesstronglyinfluenceexpenditureoutcomes.PEMtakesthepositionthattheserulesaffectthreeimportantoutcomes:thetotalamountspent,thecompositionofexpenditure,andtheefficiencyofgovernmentoperations.PEMseeksproceduresthatincreasetheprobabilityofachievingpreferredoutcomes.Thekeyaspectsofbudgetingaffectingexpenditureoutcomesareinstitutionalarrangements,thetypesofinformationavailableformakingandenforcingexpendituredecisions,theincentivesprovidedforspendersandcontrollerstobehaveinwaysthatpromotedesiredoutcomes,theissuanceandimplementationofsubstantivebudgerules.TheseelementsofPEMareappliedtothethreebasicobjectivesofmodempublicexpendituremanagement:tostrengthenaggregatefiscaldiscipline,toallocatepublicresourcesinaccordwithstrategicpriorities,andtopromotetheefficientprovisionofservices.

Fiscaldisciplinerequireseffectivecontrolofbudgetaggregates:totalrevenueandspendingandthebalancebetweenthesetotals.Whenaggregatecontroliseffective,theseoutcomesaredisciplined;theyresultfromexplicit,enforceddecisionsontheaggregatesbygovernment.Theyarenotmerelythesumofpowerfuldemandsonthebudget.PEMalsoseeksallocativeefficiency.Allocativeefficiencydependsonthecapacitytoshiftresourcesfromoldprogramstonewonesandfromlesstomoreproductiveuses,incorrespondencewithchangingpublicpolicyobjectives.Finally,PEMseeksefficiencyinadministrativeoperations,theprogressivereduction,throughproductivitygains,intherunningcostofgovernmentagenciesandintheunitcostofservices.

【答案】由于程序規(guī)則會(huì)對(duì)支出結(jié)果產(chǎn)生重大影響，當(dāng)代公共支出管理(PEM)研究重點(diǎn)就是編制預(yù)算。公共支出管理(PEM)認(rèn)為這些規(guī)則會(huì)影響三個(gè)重要結(jié)果：支出總金額，支出構(gòu)成和政府運(yùn)作效率。公共支出管理(PEM)尋求方法，以提升達(dá)到預(yù)期結(jié)果的概率。在編制預(yù)算中，影響支出結(jié)果的關(guān)鍵因素包括：制度安排、制定與實(shí)施支出決策的信息種類(lèi)、保證支出者與管理者努力實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)期目標(biāo)的激勵(lì)手段、公布與實(shí)行大量的預(yù)算規(guī)則。這些規(guī)則旨在實(shí)現(xiàn)三個(gè)基本目標(biāo)：加強(qiáng)總的財(cái)政紀(jì)律、依據(jù)戰(zhàn)略重點(diǎn)分配公共資源、促進(jìn)提供有效服務(wù)。

財(cái)政紀(jì)律要求有效控制預(yù)算總量，總收入與總支出以及這兩者總數(shù)之間的平衡。當(dāng)總量控制是有效的，就說(shuō)明支出受到財(cái)政紀(jì)律的控制。政府給予明確且需執(zhí)行的總量。這一總量并不僅僅是對(duì)預(yù)算有個(gè)明確的總量限制，公共支出管理(PEM)也還要尋求配置效率。配置效率的高低取決于資源從舊項(xiàng)目轉(zhuǎn)移到新項(xiàng)目、從低產(chǎn)向高產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移的能力大小，同時(shí)還要與不斷變化中的國(guó)家公共政策目標(biāo)保持一致。最后，公共支出管理(PEM)要尋求行政管理的效率：通過(guò)提高生產(chǎn)率，逐步減小政府機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)作成本、服務(wù)的單位成本。

9.單選題

Thesuggestionthatthemayor______theprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presents

B.oughttopresent

C.wouldpresent

D.present

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：大家接受了由市長(zhǎng)頒獎(jiǎng)的建議。一堅(jiān)持(insist)、二命令(order,command)、三建議(advise,suggest,propose)、四要求(demand,require,request,desire)后面可以跟賓語(yǔ)從句，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即其謂語(yǔ)部分用should+動(dòng)詞原形，其中should可省略。這里suggest跟賓語(yǔ)從句，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，D選項(xiàng)“present”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)presents，B選項(xiàng)oughttopresent和C選項(xiàng)wouldpresent用法錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Thereisno（）forhardworkandperseveranceofyouwanttosucceed.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alteration

B.equivalent

C.alternative

D.substitute

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查了名詞的辨析。alteration“改變；變化”；equivalent“相等的”；alternative“可供選擇的事物”；substitute“代替”，根據(jù)“勤奮和堅(jiān)持”與“成功”之間的關(guān)系，我們可以知道一般來(lái)說(shuō)“勤奮和堅(jiān)持”是“成功”的必要條件，所以想要成功，除了“勤奮和堅(jiān)持”之外就沒(méi)有別的選擇符合邏輯，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。句意為：你想成功的話，除了勤奮和堅(jiān)持之外你沒(méi)有別的選擇。

11.單選題

LondontodayisthepoliticalandfinancialcapitalofGreatBritain.Itbegan,however,asaRomanstronghold,andfollowingtheRomansdeparture,theAnglo-SaxonsandthentheNormanscontrolledit.Londongrewconsiderablyduringthemedievalperiodand,bythesixteenthcentury,wasprimedtobethecenterofunprecedentedgrowth.Mostofthiscanbeattributedtothecity’seconomicdevelopment.LocatedontheThamesRiverwitheasyaccesstotheNorthSea,Londonbecameacenterofshippingandcommerce.Largecorporationswerebasedthere,whichbroughtfurtherwealth.Finally,whentheIndustrialRevolutionbegan,Londonwastransformedevenmoreandhadbecomethefinancialcenteroftheworldbythenineteenthcentury.

TheRomansconqueredBritainin43A.D.andfoundedLondon—calledLondiniumbythem—asagarrisontown,anditbecameacenterofseabornetradesoonafterward.London’slocationwasideal:ItwascentrallysituatedontheThamesRiverfarfromthecoastbutnotsofarinlandthatshipscouldnotnavigateuprivertoit.Assuch,itbecameacenteroftradeinRomanBritainandmayhavehadasmanyas60,000peopleatitsheight.ButthefalloftheRomanEmpireinthefifthcenturyresultedintheRomanabandonmentofBritain,so,forsometime,Londonwasvirtuallyempty.Anglo-Saxonincursionsledtothereoccupationofthearea,butVikinginvasionsanddecadesofinstabilitymeantthattheregionsawlittleeconomicgrowth.WhentheNormansinvadedfromFrancein1066,theychoseLondontotheircenterofgovernment,whichbeganthecity’srevival.

DuringthemidandlateMiddleAges,LondonexpandedasbothatownandeconomiccenterwhentheEuropeanworldbecamemoreconnectedduetotheincreasedshipbuildingandmaritimetrade.Londonwaspoisedtotakeadvantageofthisthankstoitsgeographicallocationandpoliticalpower.ThecitycontinuedtogrowinsizeandwealththroughoutthemedievalperiodaswellasduringtheRenaissance.WhenBritainbegantogaincoloniesintheAmericasandelsewhereinthesixteenthcentury,fabulousamountsofmoneystartedfindingtheirwaytoLondon.

Atthattime,mercantilismisthereigningeconomicphilosophyinBritain.ItcalledfortheprotectingofBritishtradebetweenthehomeislandanditscolonies.ThegovernmentaccordinglyenactedlawsthatimposedtaxesonimportsandprotectedBritishtrade.Themainobjectivesweretoattainatradesurplusandtoamassgoldandsilver.OneresultofthismercantilistphilosophywasthatextraordinarywealthpouredintoLondon.AtthecenterofallBritisheconomicactivity,Londongrewrapidlyandexpandedinsizeandpopulationduringthistime.

Atthesametime,thefoundingofseveralgreatcompaniesandinstitutionspavedthewayforLondontobecomethecenterofworldtradeandfinance.TheBritishEastIndiaCompany,forinstance,wasgrantedamonopolyontradeinIndia.ItwasbasedinLondon,somanytreasuresfromIndiamadetheirwaythere.Thecompanyhadtoraisemoneyforitsinitialventures,soitsoldsharesofstockthatgaveinvestorspiecesofthewealthitwasamassing.ThishelpedestablishtheLondonStockExchange,whichhaditshumblebeginningsinLondon’scoffeeshops,wheremerchantsgatheredtotradestocksandtolearnfinancialnewsfromaroundtheworld.Otherimportantinstitutions,suchastheBankofEnglandandtheinsurancefirmLloyd’sofLondon,werestartedthenaswell.

Duringtheeighteenthcentury,theIndustrialRevolutioncausedtheBritisheconomicphilosophytochangefrommercantilismtocapitalism.Tradewithoverseascoloniesbecamelessimportantwheninvestorsinfactoriesstartedbecomingrich.Britaininitiatedapolicyoffreetrade,soughttoestablishaworldwidemarket,andtradedproductsfromitsmanufacturingindustrywithanyonewhowouldpurchasethem.Londonwasatthecenterofthiseconomicaction.Thedevelopmentoffaststeamships,thetelegraph,andthetelephoneinthenineteenthcenturyconnectedLondonwiththeentireworld,soitbecametheworld’sfinancialcenter.Itsbankswereusedtotransferfundsworldwide,itsfinancialinstitutionsprovidedcapitalforinvestors,anditsdocksandwarehouseswerefilledwithrawmaterialsandgoodsfromaroundtheworld.Unfortunately,theonsetofWorldWarIin1914broughtthisentiresystemtoahalt.

21.Thewordprimedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto________.

22.Accordingtotheparagraph2,theRomansleftLondonbecause________.

23.Inparagraph3,theauthorusesshipbuildingandmaritimetradeasexampleof________.

24.Theauthor’sdescriptionofmercantilisminparagraph4mentionswhichofthefollowing?

25.Inparagraph5,theauthor’sdescriptionoftheBritishEastIndiaCompanymentionswhichofthefollowing?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.positioned

B.inspired

C.appointed

D.expected

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theAnglo-SaxonsinvadedanddefeatedtheRomansinbattle

B.theentireRomanEmpirefell,sotheRomanstheredeparted

C.therewerefeweconomicbenefitstogainbylivingthere

D.theRomanshadnoneedforaseaportsofarnorthofRome

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.twoaspectsofthemedievaleconomyinwhichLondonwasaEuropeanleader

B.thereasonsthatBritainstartedtoacquirethecoloniesintheAmerica

C.theprimaryfactorswhyBritainbecamewealthyduringtheRenaissance

D.reasonsthatLondonstartedtobecomemoreprominentintheMiddleAges

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itfocusedonsellinggoodstoothersratherthanpurchasingthem.

B.ItwasaneconomicphilosophythathaditsoriginsinGreatBritain.

C.ItenabledLondontogrowrichattheexpenseofotherBritishcities.

D.ItcontributedtotheBritishcoloniesbeinglesswealthythanthehomeisland.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ItplayedamajorroleinthefoundingofastockexchangeinLondon.

B.ThecompanywashighlyeffectiveatkeepingIndiaunderBritishcontrol.

C.ItsstockwasmorevaluablethanthatofanyotherBritishcorporation.

D.SeveralmembersoftheBritishgovernmentwereshareholdersinit.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】21.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。Prime的意思是“使準(zhǔn)備好，使進(jìn)入狀態(tài)”，根據(jù)第一段第三句Londongrewconsiderablyduringthemedievalperiodand,bythesixteenthcentury,wasprimedtobethecenterofunprecedentedgrowth.（倫敦在中世紀(jì)時(shí)期大幅增長(zhǎng)，到了16世紀(jì)，預(yù)計(jì)將成為增長(zhǎng)速度史無(wú)前例的經(jīng)濟(jì)中心。），因?yàn)閭惗卦谥惺兰o(jì)時(shí)期大幅增長(zhǎng)，所以有了后面成為增長(zhǎng)速度史無(wú)前例的經(jīng)濟(jì)中心的結(jié)果，這里有一個(gè)推斷關(guān)系，所以D選項(xiàng)“預(yù)期”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“放置”，B選項(xiàng)“鼓舞”和C選項(xiàng)“委任”不符合題意，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

22.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第四句ButthefalloftheRomanEmpireinthefifthcenturyresultedintheRomanabandonmentofBritain,so,forsometime,Londonwasvirtuallyempty.（但五世紀(jì)羅馬帝國(guó)的衰落導(dǎo)致羅馬人放棄了不列顛，所以有一段時(shí)間，倫敦實(shí)際上是空的。），羅馬帝國(guó)的衰落讓羅馬人離開(kāi)倫敦，所以B選項(xiàng)“整個(gè)羅馬帝國(guó)滅亡了，所以那里的羅馬人離開(kāi)了”正確，A選項(xiàng)“盎格魯?撒克遜人入侵并打敗了羅馬人”，C選項(xiàng)“住在那里幾乎沒(méi)有什么經(jīng)濟(jì)利益”和D選項(xiàng)“羅馬人不需要在羅馬北部這樣偏遠(yuǎn)的地方建海港”不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段DuringthemidandlateMiddleAges,LondonexpandedasbothatownandeconomiccenterwhentheEuropeanworldbecamemoreconnectedduetotheincreasedshipbuildingandmaritimetrade.（中世紀(jì)中后期，倫敦作為一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)和經(jīng)濟(jì)中心擴(kuò)張，由于造船和海上貿(mào)易的增加，歐洲世界變得更加聯(lián)系緊密。），可知英國(guó)在中世紀(jì)變成經(jīng)濟(jì)中心是因?yàn)樵齑秃Ｉ腺Q(mào)易，所以D選項(xiàng)“倫敦在中世紀(jì)開(kāi)始變得更加突出的原因”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在中世紀(jì)，倫敦在這兩個(gè)方面的經(jīng)濟(jì)是歐洲的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，而且文章的意思是英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)在總體上在歐洲領(lǐng)先，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)開(kāi)始在美洲獲得殖民地的原因”和C選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期變得富有的主要因素”這里沒(méi)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

24.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“注重于向別人銷(xiāo)售商品而不是購(gòu)買(mǎi)商品”：根據(jù)第四段第四句Themainobjectivesweretoattainatradesurplusandtoamassgoldandsilver.（其主要目標(biāo)是實(shí)現(xiàn)貿(mào)易順差和積累黃金和白銀。），可知是注重出口，也就是注重銷(xiāo)售，所以正確。B選項(xiàng)“這是起源于英國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)哲學(xué)”：mercantilismisthereigningeconomic（重商主義是英國(guó)占統(tǒng)治地位的經(jīng)濟(jì)哲學(xué)），這里并沒(méi)有表示這起源于英國(guó)，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“讓倫敦以犧牲其他英國(guó)城市為代價(jià)而致富”：根據(jù)第四段第三句ThegovernmentaccordinglyenactedlawsthatimposedtaxesonimportsandprotectedBritishtrade.（政府因此頒布了對(duì)進(jìn)口商品征稅的法律，保護(hù)英國(guó)的貿(mào)易。），可知英國(guó)同時(shí)保護(hù)本土與殖民地的貿(mào)易，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“讓英國(guó)殖民地不如本國(guó)島富?！保何恼聸](méi)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

25.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第四、五句Thecompany…soldsharesofstockthatgaveinvestorspiecesofthewealthitwasamassing.ThishelpedestablishtheLondonStockExchange（該公司……出售股票，讓投資者分得它正在積累的部分財(cái)富。這幫助建立了倫敦證券交易所），可知東印度公司出售股票的舉動(dòng)推動(dòng)建立倫敦證券交易所，所以A選項(xiàng)“在倫敦證券交易所的建立中發(fā)揮了重要作用”正確。B選項(xiàng)“非常有效地將印度置于英國(guó)的控制之下”，C選項(xiàng)“其股票比任何其他英國(guó)公司的股票更有價(jià)值”和D選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)政府的幾個(gè)成員是它的股東”文章沒(méi)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Greatandsignificantmusiccan,however,bewrittenonthemesthatare,inthemselves,（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.quitelovely

B.verymagnificent

C.intriguing

D.trivial

【答案】B

【解析】magnificent壯麗的,宏偉的；intriguing有趣的,迷人的；trivial瑣碎的。句意：然而,偉大而有意義的音樂(lè)可以寫(xiě)在本身就非常宏偉的主題上。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

13.單選題

Heistotally（）tootherpeople’sattitudes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.concerned

B.careless

C.indifferent

D.cold

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)concerned“有關(guān)的；關(guān)心的”；B選項(xiàng)careless“粗心的；無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的”；C選項(xiàng)indifferent“冷淡的；不關(guān)心的”D選項(xiàng)cold“冷淡的，不熱情的”。句意：他對(duì)別人的態(tài)度漠不關(guān)心。beindifferentto是固定搭配，表示“對(duì)…漠不關(guān)心”，因此C項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Itisour（）policythatwewillachieveunitythroughpeacefulmeans.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consistent

B.considerate

C.certain

D.decisive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)consistent“始終如一的，一致的，堅(jiān)持的”；B選項(xiàng)considerate“體貼的，體諒的，考慮周到的”；C選項(xiàng)certain“某一，必然的”；D選項(xiàng)decisive“決定性的，果斷的，堅(jiān)定的”。句意：通過(guò)和平方式實(shí)現(xiàn)團(tuán)結(jié)是我們_____政策。這里表達(dá)的是“一貫的政策”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

Accidentsarecaused;theydon’tjusthappen.Thereasonmaybeeasytosee:anoverloadedtray,ashelfoutofreach,apatchoficeontheroad.Butmoreoftenthannotthereisachainofeventsleadinguptothemisfortune—frustration,tirednessorjustbadtemper—thatshowwhattheaccidentreallyis,asortofattackononeself.

Roadaccidents,forexample,happenfrequentlyafterafamilyquarrel,andweallknowpeoplewhoareaccident-prone,sooftenatoddswiththemselvesandtheworldthattheyseemtocauseaccidentsforthemselvesorothers.

Bydefinition,anaccidentissomethingyoucannotpredictoravoid,andtheideawhichusedtobecurrent,thatthemajorityofroadaccidentsarecausedbyaminorityofcriminallycarelessdrivers,isnotsupportedbyinsurancestatistics.Theseshowthatmostaccidentsinvolveordinarymotoristsinamomentofcarelessnessorthoughtlessness.

Itisnotalways,clear,either,whatsortofconditionsmakepeoplemorelikelytohaveanaccident.Forinstance,thelawrequiresallfactoriestotakesafetyprecautionsandmostcompanieshavesafetycommitteestomakesuretheregulationsareobserved,butstill,everydayinBritain,somefiftythousandmenandwomenareabsentfromworkduetoanaccident.Theseaccidentsarelargelytheresultofhumanerrorormisjudgment—noiseandfatigue,boredomorworryarepossiblefactorswhichcontributetothis.Doctorswhoworkinfactorieshavefoundthatthosewhodrinktoomuch,usuallypeoplewhohaveahighanxietylevel,runthreetimesthenormalriskofaccidentsatwork.

1.Thepassagemightbetakenfrom______.

2.Thewriterindicatesthat______.

3.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasafactorofaccidents?

4.“Accident-prone”(Para2)probablymeans______.

5.Whichoffollowingcouldserveasthebesttitleforthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atextbook

B.asciencefiction

C.apopularmagazine

D.anannualreportofacompany

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Britishpeopleareoftenabsentminded.

B.doctorsshouldworkinfactoriestoavoidaccidents.

C.driversarethefactorleadingtoroadaccidents.

D.therearealwayssomepeoplewhofailtoobserveregulations.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.anxiety

B.tiredness

C.badweather

D.carelessness

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.liabletohaveaccidents

B.likelytobekilledinaccidents

C.responsibleforroadaccidents

D.possibletoavoidaccidents

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.CausesofAccidents

B.PreventionofAccidents

C.ResultsofAccidents

D.AccidentsandAnxiety

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章可能出自……”。本文主要講述的是事故發(fā)生的人為原因，第一段點(diǎn)明主題Accidentsarecaused;theydon'tjusthappen.（事故是人為造成的，不是自然發(fā)生的）；第二段和第三段講交通事故發(fā)生的人為原因；第四段進(jìn)一步分析舉例論證事故發(fā)生的人為因素。這樣的文章結(jié)構(gòu)相比較而言更可能出現(xiàn)在教科書(shū)上，A項(xiàng)“一本教科書(shū)”正確；事故的原因不可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)在B項(xiàng)“一本科幻小說(shuō)”、C項(xiàng)“一本受歡迎的雜志”或者D項(xiàng)“一份公司年度報(bào)告”中。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“作者指出……”。根據(jù)第四段中的Forinstance,thelawrequiresallfactoriestotakesafetyprecautionsandmostcompanieshavesafetycommitteestomakesuretheregulationsareobserved,butstill,everydayinBritain,somefiftythousandmenandwomenareabsentfromworkduetoanaccident.（例如，法律要求所有工廠采取安全預(yù)防措施，大多數(shù)公司都有安全委員會(huì)以確保這些規(guī)定得到遵守，但是，在英國(guó)每天仍然有大約5萬(wàn)名男女由于事故而缺勤）可知，A項(xiàng)“英國(guó)人經(jīng)常心不在焉”和D項(xiàng)“總有一些人不遵守規(guī)章制度”與文章不符；B項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生應(yīng)該在工廠工作以避免事故”沒(méi)有提到；根據(jù)第三段最后一句Theseshowthatmostaccidentsinvolveordinarymotoristsinamomentofcarelessnessorthoughtlessness.（這些數(shù)據(jù)表明，大多數(shù)事故都是由于普通司機(jī)一時(shí)的粗心大意造成的）可知，C項(xiàng)“司機(jī)是導(dǎo)致交通事故的因素”表述無(wú)誤。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“下列哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有被提到是導(dǎo)致事故的因素？”。第一段最后一句話指出Butmoreoftenthannotthereisachainofeventsleadinguptothemisfortune—frustration,tirednessorjustbadtemper—thatshowwhattheaccidentreallyis,asortofattackononeself.（但往往是一連串的事件導(dǎo)致了不幸—沮喪、疲勞或只是壞脾氣—事故其實(shí)是對(duì)自己的一種攻擊。）可知，A項(xiàng)“焦慮”和B項(xiàng)“疲憊”正確；根據(jù)第三段最后一句Theseshowthatmostaccidentsinvolveordinarymotoristsinamomentofcarelessnessorthoughtlessness.（這些數(shù)據(jù)表明，大多數(shù)事故都是由于普通司機(jī)一時(shí)的粗心大意造成的）可知，D項(xiàng)“粗心大意”也正確；只有C項(xiàng)“天氣不好”在文中沒(méi)有提到。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。題干意思是“第二段中的‘Accident-prone’可能是什么意思？”。根據(jù)第二段Roadaccidents,forexample,happenfrequentlyafterafamilyquarrel,andweallknowpeoplewhoareaccident-prone,sooftenatoddswiththemselvesandtheworldthattheyseemtocauseaccidentsforthemselvesorothers.（例如，交通事故經(jīng)常發(fā)生在家庭爭(zhēng)吵之后，我們都知道那些accident-prone的人，他們經(jīng)常與自己和世界發(fā)生沖突，以至于他們似乎給自己或他人造成了事故。），結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可以推測(cè)，“accident-prone”的意思是“容易發(fā)生事故的”，A項(xiàng)“容易發(fā)生事故”正確；B項(xiàng)“可能在事故中死亡”、C項(xiàng)“對(duì)交通事故負(fù)責(zé)”和D項(xiàng)“可能避免事故”都不對(duì)。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“下列哪一個(gè)可以作為這篇文章的最佳標(biāo)題？”。整篇文章通篇講述的是引起事故的一些因素和原因，因此A項(xiàng)“事故的原因”最符合；B項(xiàng)“預(yù)防交通事故”、C項(xiàng)“事故的結(jié)果”和D項(xiàng)“事故和焦慮”概括都不夠準(zhǔn)確。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

InhistypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication,Mr.HayesconfrontedIsabetaaboutnotlookingathim.Reluctantly,sheexplainedwhy.AsanewcomerfromMexico,shehadbeentaughttoavoideyecontactasamarkofrespecttoauthorityfigures,teachers,employers,parents.Mr.Hayesdidnotknowthis.HetheninformedherthatmostAmericasinterpretlackofeyecontactasdisrespectanddeviousness.Ultimately,heconvincedIsabelatotryandchangeherhabit,whichsheslowlydid.

PeoplefrommanyAsian,LatinAmerican,andCaribbeanculturesalsoavoideyecontactasasignofrespect.ManyAfricanAmericas,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.Amaster’sthesisbySamuelAvoian,agraduatestudentatCentralMissouriStateUniversity,tellshowmisinterpretingeye-contactcustomscanhaveanegativeimpactwhenwhitefootballcoachesrecruitAfricanAmericanplayersfortheteams.

Hereportsthat,whenspeaking,whitecommunicatorsusuallylookawayfromthelistener,onlyperiodicallyglancingatthem.Theydotheopposite,whenlisteningtheyareexpected