考研考博-英語-吉林醫(yī)藥學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林醫(yī)藥學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Twodivergentdefinitionshavedominatedsociologists’discussionsofthenatureofethnicity.Thefirstemphasizestheprimordialandunchangingcharacterofethnicity.Inthisview,peoplehaveanessentialneedforbelongingthatissatisfiedbymembershipingroupsbasedonsharedancestryandculture.Adifferentconceptionofethnicityde-emphasizestheculturalcomponentanddefinesethnicgroupsasinterestgroups.Inthisview,ethnicityservesasawayofmobilizingacertainpopulationbehindissuesrelatingtoitseconomicposition.Whilebothofthesedefinitionsareuseful,neitherfullycapturesthedynamicandchangingaspectsofethnicityintheUnitedStates.

Rather,ethnicityismoresatisfactorilyconceivedofasaprocessinwhichpreexistingcommunalbondsandcommonculturalattributesareadaptedforinstrumentalpurposesaccordingtochangingreal-lifesituations.

OneexampleofthisprocessistheriseofparticipationbyNativeAmericanpeopleinthebroaderUnitedStatespoliticalsystemsincetheCivilRightsmovementofthe1960’s.BesidesleadingNativeAmericanstoparticipatemoreactivelyinpolitics(thenumberofNativeAmericanlegislativeofficeholdersmorethandoubled),thismovementalsoevokedincreasedinterestintribalhistoryandtraditionalculture.Culturalandinstrumentalcomponentsofethnicityarenotmutuallyexclusive,butratherreinforceoneanother.

TheCivilRightsmovementalsobroughtchangesintheusestowhichethnicitywasputbyMexicanAmericanpeople.Inthe1960’s,MexicanAmericansformedcommunity-basedpoliticalgroupsthatemphasizedancestralheritageasawayofmobilizingconstituents.SuchemergingissuesasimmigrationandvotingrightsgaveMexicanAmericanadvocacygroupsthemeansbywhichtopromoteethnicsolidarity.LikeEuropeanethnicgroupsinthenineteenth-centuryUnitedStates,late-twentieth-centuryMexicanAmericanleaderscombinedethnicwithcontemporarycivicsymbols.In1968HenryCensors,thenmayorofSanAntonio,Texas,citedMexicanleaderBenitoJuarezasamodelforMexicanAmericansintheirfightforcontemporarycivilrights.Andeveryyear,MexicanAmericanscelebrateCincodeMayoasferventlyasmanyIrishAmericanpeopleembraceSt.Patrick’sDay(botharemajorholidaysinthecountriesoforigin),withbothholidayshavingbeenreinventedinthecontextoftheUnitedStatesandlinkedtoideals,symbols,andheroesoftheUnitedStates.

46.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?

47.Whichisthefollowingstatementsaboutthefirsttwodefinitionsofethnicitydiscussedinthefirstparagraphissupportedbythepassage?

48.TheauthorofthepassagereferstoNativeAmericanpeopleinthesecondparagraphinordertoprovideanexampleof____.

49.ThepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheMexicanAmericancommunity?

50.Whichofthefollowingtypesofethnicculturalexpressionisdiscussedinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Intheirdefinitionsofthenatureofethnicity,sociologistshaveunderestimatedthepoweroftheprimordialhumanneedtobelong.

B.Ethnicityisbestdefinedasadynamicprocessthatcombinesculturalcomponentswithsharedpoliticalandeconomicinterests.

C.IntheUnitedStatesinthetwentiethcentury,ethnicgroupshavebeguntoorganizeinordertofurthertheirpoliticalandeconomicinterests.

D.EthnicityintheUnitedStateshasbeensignificantlychangedbytheCivilRightsmovement.

問題2選項

A.Oneissupportedprimarilybysociologists,andtheotherisfavoredbymembersofethnicgroups.

B.Oneemphasizesthepoliticalaspectsofethnicity,andtheotherfocusesontheeconomicaspects.

C.OneistheresultofanalysisofUnitedStatespopulations,andtheotheristheresultofanalysisofEuropeanpopulations.

D.Onefocusesmoreontheancestralcomponentsofethnicitythandoestheother.

問題3選項

A.theabilityofmembershipingroupsbasedonsharedancestryandculturetosatisfyanessentialhumanneed.

B.howethnicfeelingshavebothmotivatedandbeenstrengthenedbypoliticalactivity.

C.howtheCivilRightsmovementcanhelppromotesolidarityamongUnitedStatesethnicgroups.

D.howparticipationinthepoliticalsystemhashelpedtoimproveagroup’seconomicsituation.

問題4選項

A.Inthe1960’stheMexicanAmericancommunitybegantoincorporatethecustomsofanotherethnicgroupintheUnitedStatesintotheobservationofitsownethnicholidays.

B.Inthe1960’sMexicanAmericancommunitygroupspromotedethnicsolidarityprimarilyinordertoeffecteconomicchange.

C.Inthe1960’sleaderoftheMexicanAmericancommunityconcentratedtheireffortsonpromotingarenaissanceofethnichistoryandculture

D.Inthe1960’smembersoftheMexicanAmericancommunitywerebecomingincreasinglyconcernedabouttheissueofvotingrights.

問題5選項

A.Theretellingoftraditionalnarratives

B.Thewearingoftraditionalclothing

C.Theplayingoftraditionalmusic

D.Thecelebrationoftraditionalholidays

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】46.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。第一段最后一句Whilebothofthesedefinitionsareuseful,neitherfullycapturesthedynamicandchangingaspectsofethnicityintheUnitedStates.（雖然這兩種定義都是有用的，但都不能完全抓住美國種族的動態(tài)和變化的方面）引出兩種定義的不足之處，第二段Rather,ethnicityismoresatisfactorilyconceivedofasaprocessinwhichpreexistingcommunalbondsandcommonculturalattributesareadaptedforinstrumentalpurposesaccordingtochangingreal-lifesituations.（相反，種族更令人滿意地被設(shè)想為一個過程，在這個過程中，根據(jù)不斷變化的現(xiàn)實生活情況，將先前存在的社區(qū)紐帶和共同的文化屬性調(diào)整為工具性目的）作者給出更完善的定義，第三段第四段都在舉例說明該定義，選B選項“族裔最好定義為將文化成分與共同的政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)利益結(jié)合起來的動態(tài)過程”；A選項“在他們對種族本質(zhì)的定義中，社會學(xué)家低估了原始人類需要歸屬感的力量”和原文不符；C選項“在20世紀(jì)的美國，少數(shù)民族開始團(tuán)結(jié)起來，以促進(jìn)他們的政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)利益”和D選項“民權(quán)運動顯著改變了美國的種族”僅是第三段的內(nèi)容，以偏概全。因此B選項正確。

47.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Thefirstemphasizestheprimordialandunchangingcharacterofethnicity.Inthisview,peoplehaveanessentialneedforbelongingthatissatisfiedbymembershipingroupsbasedonsharedancestryandculture.Adifferentconceptionofethnicityde-emphasizestheculturalcomponent…（第一種觀點強(qiáng)調(diào)了種族的原始和不變的特性。按照這種觀點，人們對歸屬感有一種基本的需求，這種需求由基于共同祖先和文化的群體成員身份來滿足。一種不同的種族概念淡化了文化成分……）可知選D選項“更注重種族的祖先組成部分”；A選項“一種觀點主要得到社會學(xué)家的支持，另一種觀點則受到少數(shù)民族成員的青睞”，B選項“一個強(qiáng)調(diào)種族的政治方面，另一個強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)濟(jì)方面”以及C選項“一個是美國人口分析的結(jié)果，另一個是歐洲人口分析的結(jié)果”都和第一段不符。因此D選項正確。

48.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段OneexampleofthisprocessistheriseofparticipationbyNativeAmericanpeopleinthebroaderUnitedStatespoliticalsystemsincetheCivilRightsmovementofthe1960’s…Culturalandinstrumentalcomponentsofethnicityarenotmutuallyexclusive,butratherreinforceoneanother.（關(guān)于這一進(jìn)程的一個例子是，自20世紀(jì)60年代民權(quán)運動以來，美國原住民對更廣泛的美國政治體系的參與有所增加……族裔的文化和工具因素不是相互排斥的，而是相互加強(qiáng)的），根據(jù)上下文可知這里提到的“工具因素”包括前文所說的“美國原住民對更廣泛的美國政治體系的參與有所增加”這一政治活動，選B選項“種族情感是如何被政治活動激發(fā)和加強(qiáng)的”；A選項“基于共同祖先和文化的群體成員滿足人類基本需求的能力”，C選項“民權(quán)運動如何有助于促進(jìn)美國少數(shù)民族的團(tuán)結(jié)”以及D選項“政治體制的參與如何幫助改善了一個群體的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況”第三段未涉及，排除。因此B選項正確。

49.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“MexicanAmericancommunity”定位到原文最后一段Inthe1960’s,MexicanAmericansformedcommunity-basedpoliticalgroupsthatemphasizedancestralheritageasawayofmobilizingconstituents.SuchemergingissuesasimmigrationandvotingrightsgaveMexicanAmericanadvocacygroupsthemeansbywhichtopromoteethnicsolidarity.（20世紀(jì)60年代，墨西哥裔美國人成立了以社區(qū)為基礎(chǔ)的政治團(tuán)體，強(qiáng)調(diào)祖先遺產(chǎn)是動員選民的一種方式。移民和投票權(quán)等新出現(xiàn)的問題為墨西哥裔美國維權(quán)團(tuán)體提供了促進(jìn)種族團(tuán)結(jié)的手段）可知墨西哥裔美國人越來越關(guān)心投票權(quán)，選D選項“20世紀(jì)60年代，墨西哥裔美國人越來越關(guān)心投票權(quán)問題”；原文最后一段最后一句Andeveryyear,MexicanAmericanscelebrateCincodeMayoasferventlyasmanyIrishAmericanpeopleembraceSt.Patrick’sDay(botharemajorholidaysinthecountriesoforigin),withbothholidayshavingbeenreinventedinthecontextoftheUnitedStatesandlinkedtoideals,symbols,andheroesoftheUnitedStates.（每年，墨西哥裔美國人都會像許多愛爾蘭裔美國人一樣熱烈慶祝圣帕特里克節(jié)（這兩個節(jié)日都是原籍國的重要節(jié)日），因為這兩個節(jié)日都是在美國的背景下重新創(chuàng)造的，與美國的理想、象征和英雄聯(lián)系在一起）可知墨西哥裔美國人并不是開始將美國另一個族裔的風(fēng)俗納入到慶祝自己民族節(jié)日的活動中，而是開始慶祝在美國的背景下重新創(chuàng)造的，與美國的理想、象征和英雄聯(lián)系在一起的節(jié)日，所以A選項“20世紀(jì)60年代，墨西哥裔美國人開始將美國另一個族裔的風(fēng)俗納入到慶祝自己民族節(jié)日的活動中”不符合原文，排除；B選項“20世紀(jì)60年代，墨西哥裔美國人社區(qū)組織促進(jìn)種族團(tuán)結(jié)，主要是為了實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)變革”和C選項“20世紀(jì)60年代，墨西哥裔美國人社區(qū)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人集中精力推動種族歷史和文化的復(fù)興”原文未涉及，排除。因此D選項符合題意。

50.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干“本文討論了下列哪一種民族文化表達(dá)？”可知要在原文中找和民族文化表達(dá)相對應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，文章中最后一段提到Andeveryyear,MexicanAmericanscelebrateCincodeMayoasferventlyasmanyIrishAmericanpeopleembraceSt.Patrick’sDay(botharemajorholidaysinthecountriesoforigin),withbothholidayshavingbeenreinventedinthecontextoftheUnitedStatesandlinkedtoideals,symbols,andheroesoftheUnitedStates.（每年，墨西哥裔美國人都會像許多愛爾蘭裔美國人一樣熱烈慶祝圣帕特里克節(jié)（這兩個節(jié)日都是原籍國的重要節(jié)日），因為這兩個節(jié)日都是在美國的背景下重新創(chuàng)造的，與美國的理想、象征和英雄聯(lián)系在一起）墨西哥裔美國人慶祝慶祝圣帕特里克節(jié)的內(nèi)容，屬于慶祝傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，選D選項“慶祝傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日”；A選項“傳統(tǒng)敘事的復(fù)述”，B選項“傳統(tǒng)服裝的穿著”以及C選項“傳統(tǒng)音樂的演奏”原文未涉及，排除。因此D選項符合題意。

2.單選題

問題1選項

A.Animalabuseorcruelty.

B.Theevolutionofanimals.

C.Thehistoryofanimalhunting.

D.Anendangeredanimalspecies.

【答案】D

【解析】2.W:TheSiberiantigersarethelargestlivinganimalsinthecatfamily.Unfortunately,thereareonlyafewhundredalivenow.

M:Mygreatgrandfatherwasahunter,andheusedtohuntSiberiantigers.Ireallywishhehadn’t.

Q:Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：這兩個人在談?wù)撌裁?？由文中“TheSiberiantigersarethelargestlivinganimalsinthecatfamily.Unfortunately,thereareonlyafewhundredalivenow.（西伯利亞虎是現(xiàn)存最大的貓科動物。不幸的是，現(xiàn)在只有幾百只還活著。）”，可知他們在談?wù)摰氖恰盀l臨滅絕的野生動物”，所以D選項“Anendangeredanimalspecies（一種瀕臨滅絕的動物）”符合原文。A選項“殘酷的虐待動物”；B選項“動物的進(jìn)化”；C選項“動物狩獵的歷史”不符合原文。

3.單選題

AnOlympicMarathonis26milesand385yards,approximately（）fromMarathontoAthens.

問題1選項

A.distance

B.thedistanceis

C.thedistance

D.isthedistance

【答案】B

【解析】考查同位語。approximatelythedistancefromMarathontoAthens是26milesand385yards的同位語，因此C項“thedistance”；為正確答案。這個距離特指從馬拉松到雅典的距離，所以要加定冠詞the，C正確，A排除。填入B，D選項逗號后面都是一個完整的句子，但是approximately是一個副詞，不可以連接兩個句子，故排除。句意：奧林匹克馬拉松是26英里385碼，距離大約是從馬拉松到雅典。所以本題的正確答案是B選項。

4.單選題

Beneathitsmyriadrules,thefundamentalpurposeof（

）istomaketheworldapleasanterplacetoliveinandyouamorepleasantpersontolivewith.

問題1選項

A.elitism

B.eloquence

C.eminence

D.etiquette

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:在無數(shù)的規(guī)則下，雄辯最根本的目的是為了讓這個世界成為更美好的地方，你成為更好相處的人。

elitism精英主義；杰出人物統(tǒng)治論。eloquence口才；雄辯；雄辯術(shù)；修辭。eminence顯赫；卓越；高處。etiquette顯赫；卓越；尚處。

5.單選題

Researchshowsthatmanyvoterswhohaven’tyetmadeuptheirmindsare______towardstheDemocrats.

問題1選項

A.tilting

B.skidding

C.transferring

D.sliding

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項tilt“傾斜，翹起，俯仰（攝影機(jī)）”，B項skid“剎住，使減速，滾滑”，C項transfer“轉(zhuǎn)讓，轉(zhuǎn)接，移交”，D項slide“滑動，平穩(wěn)地走，悄悄移動”。根據(jù)句子意思“研究表明，許多尚未做出決定的選民都……向民主黨”可知，tilt符合語境，tilttowards表示“偏向，向……傾斜”。句意：研究表明，許多尚未下定決心的選民正傾向于民主黨。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

6.單選題

aroundtheglobemorequicklyandeasily,hasresultedintheremovalofstatecontrolsontradeandinvestments,thedisappearanceoftariffbarriersandthespreadofnewinformationandcommunicationstechnologies.Insocietiesaroundtheworld,theeffectsofglobalizationhaveinfluencedsocialdevelopment.Notonlyaretheinfluencesofglobalizationapparentinmarkets,theirforcesarefeltintheprocessesorworkingtowardsequalitybetweenmenandwomen.RedaBebarsofEgypt,stressingthattheadvancementofwomenwouldnotbeachievedbypassinglegislation,saidthatsocialdevelopmentonthenationalscalemustbestrengthenedandaclimateconducivetodevelopmentmustbecreatedifthegoalssetinBeijing(atthe1995FourthWorldConferenceonWomen)aretoberealized.

Theproblemsstemfromthefactthatwomenareverydifferentlypositionedinrelationtothemarketsindifferentpartsoftheworld.Incertainplaces,wherewomenaresociallyexcludedfromleavingtheirhomes,thechallengeistofindwaysforwomentoparticipate.Inotherplaces,thechallengeistocreatemarketswhicharemorefriendlytowomen’sparticipation.IlhamIbrahimMohamedAhmedofSudancondemnedthedebtburdencarriedbydevelopingcountries,economicsanctions,arbitrarymeasuresanddenialofaccesstonewtechnologicaldevelopmentsasobstaclestothegrowthofwomen’srights.WomenremainverymuchintheminorityamongInternetusersandstillfacehugeimbalancesintheownership,controlandregulationofnewinformationtechnologies.

“Thegainsofglobalizationhavenotbeenequitablydistributedandthegapbetweenrichandpoorcountriesiswidening”，saidZhangLeiofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.

Thegainsofglobalizationthusfarhaveforthemostpartbeenconcentratedinthehandsofbetter-offwomenwithhigherlevelsofeducationandwithgreaterownershipofresourcesandaccesstocapital.

“WorkinChinaandVietnamshowsthatglobalizationhasbroughtnewopportunitiestoyoungwomenwithfamiliaritywithEnglishinnewservicesectorjobs,buthasmadeavastnumberofover-35-year-oldsredundant,becausetheyareeitherindecliningindustriesorhaveoutdatedskills”，SwastiMitteroftheUN’sWomenWatchOnlineWorkingGrouponWomen’sEconomicInequalitysaid.

1.Accordingtotheessay,whatrolehasEnglishplayedduringtheprocessofglobalization?

2.Whatneedstooccurinorderforthegoalsofthefourthwomen’sconferencetoberealized?

3.Wherehavetheprofitsofglobalizationgone?

4.Whatdoesthesentence“...buthasmadeavastnumberofover35-year-oldsredundant...”inthelastparagraphmean?

5.WhatreasondoesthepassagesuggestforthefactthatwomenremaintheminorityofInternetusers?

問題1選項

A.Ithascreatedneweducationopportunities.

B.Ithasspeeduptheprocessofglobalization.

C.Ithasopenednewopportunitiesforyoungwomen.

D.Ithasincreasedthenumberofskilledwomen.

問題2選項

A.EnforceLegislationscallingfortheadvancementofwomen.

B.Needtocreateaclimatethatencouragessocialdevelopmentonanationalscale.

C.CreatenewtechnologicalopportunitiesforwomeninChina.

D.AbolisheconomicbarriersbetweenChinaandtheWest.

問題3選項

A.Inrichcountrieswithstricttariffbarriers.

B.InChinaandVietnam.

C.Inthehandsofsmartwomen.

D.Inthehandsofrichermembersofthesociety.

問題4選項

A.Globalizationhascausedmanyover35-year-oldwomentolosetheirjobs.

B.Over35yearoldwomenarestuckinindustriesthatarenolongerthriving.

C.Thereisagreatneedforover35-year-oldwomenduetotheprocessofglobalization.

D.Therewasababyboom35yearsagoandtherearemany35yearoldwomenworking.

問題5選項

A.TheydonotspeakEnglishwellenough.

B.Theydonotknowhowtousecomputersaswellasmendo.

C.Menremainthemajorityofpeoplewhocontroltheinternetindustry.

D.Itdoesnotapply,becausethisproblemdoesnotexistinChina.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.文章最后一段WorkinChinaandVietnamshowsthatglobalizationhasbroughtnewopportunitiestoyoungwomenwithfamiliaritywithEnglishinnewservicesectorjobs提到中國和越南的工作表明全球化為那些英語熟練的年輕女性提供了就業(yè)機(jī)會，選項C符合題意。

2.文章第一段RedaBebars說道“要想實現(xiàn)1995年在北京召開的第四次世界婦女大會的目標(biāo)，必須加強(qiáng)全國范圍的社會發(fā)展并且還必須創(chuàng)造一個有利于發(fā)展的社會環(huán)境?！保╯ocialdevelopmentonthenationalscalemustbestrengthenedandaclimateconducivetodevelopmentmustbecreatedifthegoalssetinBeijing(atthe1995FourthWorldConferenceonWomen)aretoberealized），選項B與之描述一致，符合題意。

3.文章第三段Thegainsofglobalizationhavenotbeenequitablydistributedandthegapbetweenrichandpoorcountriesiswidening”以及第四段的內(nèi)容“Thegainsofglobalizationthusfarhaveforthemostpartbeenconcentratedinthehandsofbetter-offwomenwithhigherlevelsofeducationandwithgreaterownershipofresourcesandaccesstocapital.”可知選項D“全球化的收益掌握在了社會上那些更加富裕的人的手里”符合題意。

4.文章提到全球化為會英語的年輕女性提供了更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會，但是與之不同的是，35歲以上的女性卻失去了工作機(jī)會，選項A“全球化使得許多35歲以上的婦女失去了工作”。選項A符合題意。

5.文章第二段最后一句話WomenremainverymuchintheminorityamongInternetusersandstillfacehugeimbalancesintheownership,controlandregulationofnewinformationtechnologies提到女性在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶中只是少數(shù)并且依然在新信息技術(shù)的掌握、控制和管理方面面臨著絕大的不公正。選項C的描述與之相近，符合題意。

7.單選題

Brazil’sconstitution（

）themilitaryuseofnuclearenergy.

問題1選項

A.Withdraws

B.objects

C.interrupts

D.forbids

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。withdraw“撤銷，收回，撤退”；object“反對，拒絕”；Interrupt“中斷”；forbid“禁止”。句意：巴西憲法規(guī)定禁止軍隊使用核能。選項D符合題意。

8.單選題

ThesinglebusinessofHenryThoreau,duringforty-oddyearsofeageractivitywastodiscoveraneconomycalculatedtoprovideasatisfyinglife.Hisoneconcern,whichgavetohisramblingsinConcordfieldsavalueofhighadventure,wastoexplorethetruemeaningofwealth.Asheunderstoodtheproblemofeconomics,therewerethreepossiblesolutionsopentohim:toexploithimself,toexploithisfellows,ortoreducetheproblemtoitslowestdenominator.Thefirstwasquiteimpossible—toimprisononeselfinatreadmillwhenthemorningcalledtogreatadventure.Toexploitone’sfellowsseemedtoThoreau’ssensitivesocialconscienceanevengreaterinfidelity.Freedomwithabstinenceseemedtohimbetterthanserfdomwithmaterialwell-being,andhewascontenttomovetoWaldenPondandtosetaboutthehighbusinessofliving,toconfrontonlytheessentialfactsoflifeandtoseewhatithadtoteach.Hedidnotadvocatethatothermenshouldbuildcabinsandliveisolated.Hehadnowishtodogmatizeconcerningthebestmodeofliving—eachmustsettlethatforhimself.Butthatasatisfyinglifeshouldbelived,hewasvitallyconcerned.Thestoryofhisemancipationfromthelowereconomicsistheoneromanceofhislife,andWaldenishisgreatbook.ItisabookinpraiseofliferatherthanofNature,arecordofcalculatingeconomicsthatstudiedsavinginordertospendmorelargely.Butitisabookofsocialcriticismaswell,inspiteofitsexplicitdenialofsuchapurpose.Inconsideringthetruenatureofeconomyheconcluded,withRuskin,thatthecostofathingistheamountoflifethatisrequiredinexchangeforit,immediatelyorinthelongrun.InWaldenThoreauelaboratedthetext:Theonlywealthislife.

1.ThoreaustartedanexperimentatWaldenPondwiththehopeof（

）.

2.ToThoreauthebestsolutiontotheproblemofeconomicsis（

）.

3.Thoreauholdsthatthecrucialthingforpeopletodoisto（

）.

4.InthebookWaldenallofthefollowingcanbefoundexcept（

）.

5.Thoreau’sattitudetowardsocietycanbestbecharacterizedasoneof（

）.

問題1選項

A.learninghowtolivequietly

B.writingabookonphilosophy

C.discoveringwhathumanscanlearnfromnature

D.workingoutthebestadjustmenttomateriallife.

問題2選項

A.toliveaverysimplelife

B.tobecomeself-sufficient

C.toliveinthecountry

D.toreformthesociety

問題3選項

A.haveabetterunderstandingofwhatlifemeans

B.liveharmoniouslywithnature

C.tosaveasmuchasonepossiblycan

D.tolivealifethatoneiscontentwith

問題4選項

A.thenatureofeconomy

B.themeaningoffreedom

C.thecriticismofsociety

D.Ruskin’sphilosophy

問題5選項

A.acceptance

B.avoidance

C.indifference

D.individualism

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“WaldenPond”定位到文中“...hewascontenttomovetoWaldenPondandtosetaboutthehighbusinessofliving,toconfrontonlytheessentialfactsoflifeandtoseewhatithadtoteach.”他滿足于搬到瓦爾登湖，開始生活的崇高事業(yè)，直面生活的基本事實，看看生活能教給他什么。也就是去發(fā)現(xiàn)人類可以從大自然中學(xué)到什么。選項C符合原文。

2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息“theproblemofeconomics”定位到文中“Asheunderstoodtheproblemofeconomics,therewerethreepossiblesolutionsopentohim:toexploithimself,toexploithisfellows,ortoreducetheproblemtoitslowestdenominator.”隨著他對經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)問題的理解，有三種可能的解決方案擺在他面前：利用自己，利用同伴，或者讓問題回歸到最本質(zhì)的狀態(tài)。接下來闡述了前面兩種可能都是不可行的；然后解釋了“讓問題回歸到最本質(zhì)的狀態(tài)”其實就是過簡單快樂的生活，所以選項A正確。

3.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文“Hedidnotadvocatethatothermenshouldbuildcabinsandliveisolated.Hehadnowishtodogmatizeconcerningthebestmodeofliving—eachmustsettlethatforhimself.Butthatasatisfyinglifeshouldbelived,hewasvitallyconcerned.”他不主張其他人應(yīng)該建造小木屋，過與世隔絕的生活。他不想武斷地認(rèn)為什么是最好的生活方式——每個人都必須自己解決這個問題。但他非常關(guān)心的是，我們應(yīng)該要過一種令人滿意的生活。選項D符合原文。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文最后幾句話可知：“Butitisabookofsocialcriticismaswell,...”涉及選項C；“Inconsideringthetruenatureofeconomyheconcluded,withRuskin,that...”涉及選項A和D；只有選項B沒有涉及，所以本題選B。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知，Thoreau滿足于搬到瓦爾登湖，過上簡單卻滿足的生活，實際上是想逃離現(xiàn)在的社會，說明他對社會是持逃避的態(tài)度，所以選項B正確。選項D含有貶義，所以選項B更恰當(dāng)。

9.單選題

Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgo______bythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.

問題1選項

A.unrecording

B.tohavebeenunrecorded

C.unrecorded

D.tobeunrecorded

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。句意：這些調(diào)查表明，許多犯罪沒有被警方記錄下來，主要是因為并非所有的受害者都會報案。manycrimesgo______bythepolice是indicate的賓語從句，manycrimes是主語，go是系動詞，橫線部分是表語；根據(jù)by可知橫線部分有被動含義，C選項unrecorded符合題意。A選項unrecording沒有被動含義；B選項tohavebeenunrecorded和D選項tobeunrecorded用法錯誤。因此C選項正確。

10.單選題

LookattheterriblesituationIamin！IfonlyI（

）youradvice.

問題1選項

A.follow

B.hadfollowed

C.wouldfollow

D.havefollowed

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。與過去事實相反，從句的動詞形式是had+過去分詞。選項B符合題意。

11.單選題

Maryonce（）withanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofpopmusic.

問題1選項

A.merged

B.collaborated

C.coincided

D.constituted

【答案】B

【解析】句意:瑪麗曾經(jīng)和另一個音樂家共同創(chuàng)作了一首流行曲。

考查動詞辨析。merge結(jié)合，融入；collaborate合作，協(xié)作；coincide符合，一致;constitute構(gòu)成，組成。因此B項符合句意。

12.單選題

Mybrother’splansare______;hewantstomasterEnglish,FrenchandSpanishbeforeheissixteen.

問題1選項

A.arbitrary

B.ambitious

C.aggressive

D.abundant

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.arbitrary任意的；武斷的B.ambitious有野心的；有雄心的

C.aggressive好斗的；挑釁的D.abundant大量的；豐盛的

【答案】B

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)后半句的句意“他想在16歲之前掌握英語、法語和西班牙語”可得知，他的計劃是雄心勃勃的，故該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】我哥哥的計劃雄心勃勃；他想在16歲之前掌握英語、法語和西班牙語。

13.翻譯題

“Bah!Humbug”,wasScrooge’sopinionofcharitablegivingandeventodaysomeeconomistsreckoncharitygoesagainsteconomicrationality.36.Itisoftenallegedthataltruismisinconsistentwitheconomicrationality,whichassumesthatpeoplebehaveselfishly.Certainly,mucheconomicanalysisisconcernedwithhowindividualsbehave,andhomoeconomicus(economicman)isusuallyassumedtoactinhisorherself-interest.

37.Someeconomicmodelsassumethatself-interestedindividualsbehavealtruisticallybecausetheygetsomebenefit,orutility,fromdoingso.Forinstance,itmaymakethemfeelbetteraboutthemselves,orbeausefulinsurancepolicyagainstsocialunrest.Othereconomicmodelsrelaxthetraditionalassumptionoffullyrationalbehaviorbysimplyassumingthatpeoplesometimesbehavealtruistically,evenifthismaybeagainsttheirself-interest.ThePeaceCorpsisanexample,forpeopleoftengiveuppotentiallylucrativestartstotheircareersorinterruptthemtodogoodworkoverseas.PeoplewhoworkforthePeaceCorpsdosobecausetheywanttoandtokeepthePeaceCorpsdynamicwithfreshideas.38.Sociologistswouldarguethatthereisanaturalinclinationofhumanbeingstoengagethemselvesinhelpingothers,asanaturalinstincttopreservethespecies.Thuspublicdutyisasurvivalact.

Thequestionthenisraisedregardingpoliticalparticipation,whetheritcanbeclassifiedasanactofeconomicrationalityorofaltruism.39.Publicdutymaynotnecessarilymeanduty,althoughitmayincludethatconstantandactivepracticalparticipationinthedetailsofpoliticswithoutwhich,uponthepartofthemostintelligentcitizens,theconductofpublicaffairsfallsunderthecontrolofselfishandignorantorcraftyandvenalmen.Politicsoftenrequiresserviceincommittees,careandtroubleandexpenseofmanykinds,patientenduranceofrebuffs,chagrins,ridicules,disappointments,anddefeats.40.Allthesedutiesandservices,whenselfishlyandmeanlyperformed,stigmatizeamanasamerepolitician,butwhenperformedwithhonestyandvigilance,theybecomegradualbuildingblocks,stonebystoneandlayerbylayer,ofanationofself-restrainedliberty.

【答案】36.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家聲稱，利他主義與經(jīng)濟(jì)理性背道而馳，因為后者假定人們行為自私。

37.一些經(jīng)濟(jì)模型假設(shè)，利己主義者之所以表現(xiàn)出利他行為，是因為他們從中獲得了一些利益或效用。例如，讓他們自我感覺更好，或者有效防止社會動蕩。

38.社會學(xué)家認(rèn)為人類有一種幫助別人的自然傾向，這是保護(hù)同類的自然本能。因此，公共義務(wù)是一種生存行為。

39.雖然公共義務(wù)有時包括持續(xù)和積極參與政治事務(wù)，但是公共義務(wù)不一定意味著義務(wù)。

40.如果帶著私心和惡意履行責(zé)任和提供服務(wù)，那就玷污了這份職業(yè)，徒留政客的名聲。但是如果帶著真誠與嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，這些行為就會一點一滴、層層遞進(jìn)地建構(gòu)自我約束下的自由國家。

14.單選題

V.Duringthefirsthalf2015,boththeDuPontincumbentsandTrianchallengersbecameablemastersofsocialmedia,pressreleases,andlobbyingtacticstocurryfavoramongvotingshareholdersofallstripes.Trianwasabletowinthepublicendorsementofsignificantproxyadvisoryfirms(suchasGlass-LewisandISS),whileDuPontsecuredsupportofsignificantinstitutionalinvestors(suchasCALPERS).Whenthedustfinallysettled,theincumbentshadekedoutvictoriesonallfourchallengedseats.Butthemarginwasuncomfortablysmall,withthesplitlargelyseparatingself-identified“l(fā)ongterm”investors(includingindexfundssuchasVanguard,BlackRockandStateStreet)from“shortterm”investors(whichincludedbothactivisthedgefundsandasizableportionofretailinvestors—estimatedtocontrolaroundthirtypercentoftheshares).

ThegovernancekerfuffleatDuPont,andtherhetoricalfisticuffsitprecipitated,helpsmotivatethispaper:Indeed,whileDuPontisacompellingcasestudyinitsownright,itisalsoemblematicofagrowingrecenttrendofshareholderactivism—onethathasattractedanincreasinglyperferviddebatewithinthecorporatelawandfinancecommunityaroundcontemporaryactivism’smerits.ThereislittledoubtthatactivismhasbecomeaforcetobereckonedwithamongU.S.issuers.ThelastfifteenyearsbearwitnesstoadiscernibleescalationofproxyfightssimilartoDuPont’s.Moreover,evenasthenumberofproxychallengershasescalated,theyhaveenjoyedgreatersuccess:dissidentsnowgainsomemeasureofvictory(throughsettlementoroutrightvictory)inovertwo-thirdsofthechallengestheylaunch.

Theburgeoningsuccessofproxyfightsisarguablyreflectedinthecontemporaneousgrowthofactivisthedgefunds,whichhaveballoonedfromunder$100millioninassetsundermanagementin2000toover$140billiontoday.Whiletheactivismtrendisremarkable,thecacophonousdebatesurroundingitreallystealstheshow.Thecompetingpositionsarebynowwell-troddenterrain.Activists,itisalleged,privilegeshorttermearningsovermoredurable(butlessliquid)investmentsinlongtermvalue,leadingtobusinessdecisionsthatnotonlyforsakelongtermvalueforimmediategain,butdosoinamannerthatsacrificesnetpresentvalue.Andindeed,severalstudiesofhedge-fundengagementsfindthathedgefundactivismsignificantlycurbslong-terminvestmentsinresearchanddevelopment,durableassets,andworkforcecapital.

1.Thefirstsentenceoftheparagraphsisclosestinmeaningwiththefollowingstatement.

2.Fromthefirstparagraph,onecanknowthefollowingbut___.

3.Thesecondparagraphtellsusthat___.

4.Inthelastpara