考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Sincetheauthor’sunflatteringreferencestoherfriendswereso________,shewassurprisedthather______wererecognized.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.laudatory...styles

B.obvious...anecdotes

C.oblique...allusions

D.critical...eulogies

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞和名詞詞義辨析。laudatory“贊美的”；obvious“明顯的”；oblique“不光明正大的”；critical“批判的”。style“風(fēng)格”；anecdote“軼事，奇聞”；allusion“暗示，提及”；eulogy“悼詞，頌詞”。句意：作者間接地指出了她的朋友們的不當(dāng)之處，但是使她驚訝的是，這種暗示得到了大家的認(rèn)可。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.單選題

GeorgeGallup,Jr.,themanwhomakesand（

）hisreputation（

）knowingwhatAmericansthink,hasbroughtallhispollingstrategiestogethertoidentifyandanalyzewhathecallsfutureforces.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.challenges...on

B.stakes...on

C.hazards...to

D.bets...to

【答案】B

【解析】challenge…on在……方面挑戰(zhàn)；stake…on把賭注押在……上面；hazard...to對(duì)……有危險(xiǎn)；bet不與to搭配。句意：GeorgeGallup，Jr.這個(gè)把自己的名譽(yù)押在知曉美國(guó)人想法上的人，將所有的投票策略集中到一起，以確定和分析他所說(shuō)的未來(lái)力量。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

3.單選題

HamiltonhopedforanationofcitieswhileJeffersoncontentedthatthecountryshouldremainchieflyagricultural.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inclined

B.struggled

C.argued

D.competed

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。漢密爾頓希望建立一個(gè)工業(yè)化國(guó)家，而杰佛遜則認(rèn)為農(nóng)業(yè)是國(guó)之根本。incline傾斜，點(diǎn)頭，易于。struggle奮斗，努力。argue主張，認(rèn)為。compete競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，比賽。content贊成。故選C。

4.單選題

Mymotherlikestohaveherhair______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cured

B.carved

C.circled

D.curled

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A項(xiàng)cured“熏制的，風(fēng)干的”，B項(xiàng)carved“有雕刻的”，C項(xiàng)circled“包圍的，圓圈的”，D項(xiàng)curled“卷曲的，鬈發(fā)的”。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞hair“頭發(fā)”可知，空格處填入D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：我媽媽喜歡把頭發(fā)卷起來(lái)。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Theterm“remotesensing”referstothetechniquesofmeasurementandinterpretation

ofphenomenafromadistance.Priortothemid-1960’stheinterpretationoffilmimageswastheprimarymeansforremotesensingoftheEarth’sgeologicfeatures.Withthedevelopmentoftheoptomechanicalscanner,scientistsbegantoconstructdigitalmultispectralimagesusingdatabeyondthesensitivityrangeofvisiblelightphotography.Theseimagesareconstructedbymechanicallyaligningpictorialrepresentationsofsuchphenomenaasthereflectionoflightwavesoutsidethevisiblespectrum,therefractionofradiowaves,andthedailychangesintemperatureinareasontheEarth’ssurface.Digitalmultispectralimaginghasnowbecomethebasictoolingeologicremotesensingfromsatellites.

Theadvantageofdigitaloverphotographicimagingisevident:theresultingnumericaldataarepreciselyknown,anddigitaldataarenotsubjecttothevagariesofdifficult-to-controlchemicalprocessing.Withdigitalprocessing,itispossibletocombinealargenumberofspectralimages.Theacquisitionofthefirstmultispectraldigitaldatasetfromthemultispectralscanner(MSS)aboardthesatelliteLandsatin1972consequentlyattractedtheattentionoftheentiregeologiccommunity.LandsatMSSdataarenowbeingappliedtoavarietyofgeologicproblemsthataredifficulttosolvebyconventionalmethodsalone.Theseincludespecificproblemsinmineralandenergyresourceexplorationandthechartingofglaciersandshallowseas.

Amorefundamentalapplicationofremotesensingistoaugmentconventionalmethodsforgeologicmappingoflargeareas.Regionalmapspresentcompositional,structural,andchronologicalinformationforreconstructinggeologicevolution.Suchreconstructionshaveimportantpracticalapplicationsbecausetheconditionsunderwhichrockunitsandotherstructuralfeaturesareformedinfluencetheoccurrenceoforeandpetroleumdepositsandaffectthethicknessandintegrityofthegeologicmediainwhichthedepositsarefound.

Geologicmapsincorporatealarge,variedbodyofspecificfieldandlaboratorymeasurements,butthemapsmustbeinterpretativebecausefieldmeasurementsarealwayslimitedbyrockexposure,accessibilityandlaborresources.Withremote-sensingtechniquesitispossibletoobtainmuchgeologicinformationmoreefficientlythanitcanbeobtainedontheground.Thesetechniquesalsofacilitateoverallinterpretation.Sincedetailedgeologicmappingisgenerallyconductedinsmallarea,thecontinuityofregionalfeaturesthathaveintermittentandvariableexpressionsisoftennotrecognized,butinthecomprehensiveviewsofLandsatimagesthesecontinuitiesareapparent.However,somecriticalinformationcannotbeobtainedthroughremotesensing,andseveralcharacteristicsoftheLandsatMSSimposelimitationsontheacquisitionofdiagnosticdata.Someoftheselimitationscanbeovercomebydesigningsatellitesystemsspecificallyforgeologicpurposes;buttobemosteffective,remote-sensingdatamuststillbecombinedwithdatafromfieldsurveysandlaboratorytests,thetechniquesoftheearliertwentiethcentury.

1.Byusingtheword“interpretative”inline32.Theauthorisindicatingwhichofthefollowing?

2.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutgeologicmappingwouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

3.Accordingtothepassage,measurementsofwhichofthefollowingcanbeprovidedbytheoptomechanicalscannerbutnotbyvisible-lightphotography?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatamajordisadvantageofphotographicimagingingeologicmappingisthatsuchphotography.

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatLandsatimagesdifferfromconventionalgeologicmapsinthatLandsatimages.

6.ThepassageprovidesinformationabouteachofthefollowingtopicsEXCEPT（

）.

7.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthe“conventionalmethods”mentionedinline24?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Somemapsarebasedmoreondatafromaerialphotographythanondatafromfieldoperations.

B.Somemapsarebasedalmostexclusivelyonlaboratorymeasurements

C.Somemapsarebasedonincompletedatafromfieldobservations.

D.Somemapsshowonlylargegeologicfeatures.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Geologicmappingisbasicallyanartandnotascience.

B.Geologicmappinghasnotchangedsignificantlysincetheearly1960’s

C.Geologicmappingwillhavelimitedpracticalapplicationsuntilremote-sensingsystemsareperfected.

D.Adevelopmentalmilestoneingeologicmappingwasreachedin1972.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theamountofvisiblelightreflectedfromoceans.

B.ThedensityoffoliageinremoteareasontheEarth’ssurface.

C.DailytemperaturechangesofareasontheEarth’ssurface.

D.ThedegreeofradioactivityemittedbyexposedrocksontheEarth’ssurface.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.cannotbeusedatnight.

B.cannotfocusonthedetailsofageologicarea.

C.mustbechemicallyprocessed.

D.isalwaysenhancedbydigitalreconstruction.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.revealtheexactsizeofpetroleumdepositsandoredeposits.

B.indicatethecontinuityoffeaturesthatmightnototherwisebeinterpretedascontinuous.

C.predictthemovementsofglaciers.

D.providehighlyaccuratedataabouttheoccurrenceofmineraldeposits.

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.theprincipalmethodofgeologicremotesensingpriortothemid-1960*s

B.someofthephenomenameasuredbydigitalmultispectralimagesinremotesensing.

C.someofthepracticalusesofregionalgeologicmaps.

D.thespecificlimitationsoftheLandsatmultispectralscanner.

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.Theyconsistprimarilyoffieldsurveysandlaboratorymeasurements.

B.Theyarenotusefulinprovidinginformationnecessaryforreconstructinggeologicevolution.

C.Theyhaverarelybeenusedbygeologistssince1972.

D.Theyareusedprimarilytogathercompositionalinformationaboutgeologicfeatures.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第四段：Geologicmapsincorporatealarge,variedbodyofspecificfieldandlaboratorymeasurements,butthemapsmustbeinterpretativebecausefieldmeasurementsarealwayslimitedbyrockexposure,accessibilityandlaborresources—地質(zhì)圖采集了數(shù)量繁多、形形色的一整套具體的實(shí)地測(cè)量和實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)，但是因?yàn)閷?shí)地測(cè)量受到巖石裸露、可到達(dá)程度以及人力資源的限制，所以這一地質(zhì)圖必須進(jìn)行分析。確定C選項(xiàng)‘一些地圖的數(shù)據(jù)是來(lái)源于實(shí)地觀察的不完整地?cái)?shù)據(jù)’正確。

2.根據(jù)文章第二段：Theacquisitionofthefirstmultispectraldigitaldatasetfromthemultispectralscanner（MSS）aboardthesatelliteLandsatin1972consequentlyattractedtheattentionoftheentiregeologiccommunity.1972年，安裝在Landsat衛(wèi)星上的多譜線掃描儀傳送出來(lái)的首批多譜線的數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)，吸引了整個(gè)地學(xué)界的注意。確定D選項(xiàng)‘1972年成為地質(zhì)制圖發(fā)展的里程碑’正確。

3.根據(jù)文章第一段：Withthedevelopmentoftheoptomechanicalscanner,scientistsbegantoconstructdigitalmultispectralimagesusingdatabeyondthesensitivityrangeofvisiblelightphotography.Theseimagesareconstructedbymechanicallyaligningpictorialrepresentationsofsuchphenomenaasthereflectionoflightwavesoutsidethevisiblespectrum,therefractionofradiowaves,andthedailychangesintemperatureinareasontheEarth’ssurface.隨著光機(jī)械掃描儀的發(fā)展，科學(xué)家開(kāi)始利用那些超出可見(jiàn)光攝影術(shù)感知范圍的數(shù)據(jù)構(gòu)造數(shù)字化多譜線圖像。這些圖像的建造是通過(guò)用機(jī)械手段對(duì)一些現(xiàn)象的圖像進(jìn)行整理，如可見(jiàn)光譜外光波的反射，無(wú)線電波的折射以及地球表面一些地區(qū)日常溫度的變化。確定C選項(xiàng)‘地球表面許多地區(qū)溫度的日間變化’正確。

4.根據(jù)文章第二段：Theadvantageofdigitaloverphotographicimagingisevident:theresultingnumericaldataarepreciselyknown,anddigitaldataarenotsubjecttothevagariesofdifficult-to-controlchemicalprocessing.相對(duì)于其它的攝影成像，數(shù)字成像的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是明顯的，產(chǎn)生的數(shù)字化數(shù)據(jù)可以被精確地理解，并且不會(huì)受到難以控制的化學(xué)過(guò)程的不規(guī)則性的影響。確定C選項(xiàng)‘必須經(jīng)過(guò)化學(xué)過(guò)程’正確。

5.根據(jù)文章第四段：Sincedetailedgeologicmappingisgenerallyconductedinsmallarea,thecontinuityofregionalfeaturesthathaveintermittentandvariableexpressionsisoftennotrecognized,butinthecomprehensiveviewsofLandsatimagesthesecontinuitiesareapparent.由于詳盡知地質(zhì)繪圖一般在小的范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行，所以那些具有斷斷續(xù)續(xù)和多變量的區(qū)域特征的連續(xù)性就經(jīng)常不能被認(rèn)可，但是Landsat衛(wèi)星的全方位的觀察角度，能將這一連續(xù)性呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)。確定B選項(xiàng)‘指明特征的連續(xù)性并不能解釋為連續(xù)性‘正確。

6.根據(jù)文章第一段：Priortothemid-1960stheinterpretationoffilmimageswastheprimarymeansforremotesensingoftheEarth'sgeologicfeatures.在20世紀(jì)中葉之前，對(duì)膠片的解釋是對(duì)地球地質(zhì)特征進(jìn)行遙感的主要方法。所以A選項(xiàng)‘地質(zhì)遙感的主要方法在20世紀(jì)60年代之前就出現(xiàn)’符合原文。根據(jù)文章第一段：Withthedevelopmentoftheoptomechanicalscanner,scientistsbegantoconstructdigitalmultispectralimagesusingdatabeyondthesensitivityrangeofvisiblelightphotography.隨著光機(jī)械掃描儀的發(fā)展，科學(xué)家#始構(gòu)造數(shù)字化多譜線圖像，利用那些超出可見(jiàn)光影敏感范圍的數(shù)據(jù)。所以B選項(xiàng)‘出現(xiàn)了在遙感中利用數(shù)字化多譜線圖像進(jìn)行測(cè)量的現(xiàn)象’符合原文。根據(jù)文章第三段：Regionalmapspresentcompositional,structural,andchronologicalinformationforreconstructinggeologicevolution.：區(qū)域地圖向重構(gòu)地質(zhì)進(jìn)化過(guò)程，提供了成分、結(jié)構(gòu)及時(shí)間順序等信息。所以C選項(xiàng)‘一些地區(qū)地質(zhì)圖有實(shí)用性’符合原文。用排除法確定D選項(xiàng)‘Landsat衛(wèi)星掃描儀有特殊限制‘文中未提及，符合題意。

7.根據(jù)文章第三段：Amorefundamentalapplicationofremotesensingistoaugmentconventionalmethodsforgeologicmappingoflargeareas.遙感更基本的應(yīng)用是增強(qiáng)傳統(tǒng)的大范圍的地質(zhì)繪圖的方法。Regionalmapspresentcompositional,structural,andchronologicalinformationforreconstructinggeologicevolution.區(qū)域地圖向重構(gòu)地質(zhì)進(jìn)化過(guò)程，提供了成分、結(jié)構(gòu)及時(shí)間順序等信息。再根據(jù)文章第四段：Geologicmapsincorporatealarge,variedbodyofspecificfieldandlaboratorymeasurements...地質(zhì)圖采集了數(shù)量繁多、形形色的一整套具體的實(shí)地測(cè)量和實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)。確定A選項(xiàng)‘它們主要包括實(shí)地考察生實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)量’正確。

6.單選題

Throughtheyears,ourviewofwhatleadershipisandwhocanexerciseithaschangedconsiderably.Leadershipcompetencieshaveremainedconstant,butourunderstandingofwhatitis,howitworks,andthewaysinwhichpeoplelearntoapplyithasshifted.Wedohavethebeginningofageneraltheoryofleadership,fromhistoryandsocialresearchandaboveallfromthethoughtsofreflectivepractitionerssuchasMoses,JuliusCaesar,andJamesMadison,andinourowntimefromsuchdisparatesourcesofwisdomasGandhi,WinstonChurchill,MaoTse-tung,andHenryKissinger,whohaveverylittleincommonexceptthattheyhavenotbeentherebuttriedwithsomefairnesstospeculateonpaperaboutit.

Buttalesandreflectiveobservationarenotenoughexcepttoconvinceusthatleadersarephysicallystrongandabnormallyhardworkers.Todaywearealittleclosertounderstandinghowandwhopeoplelead,butitwasn'teasygettingthere.Decadesofacademicanalysishavegivenusmorethan350definitionsofleadership.Literallythousandsofempiricalinvestigationsofleadershavebeenconductedinthelast75yearsalone,butnoclearunderstandingexistsastowhatdistinguishesleadersfromnon-leaders,andperhapsmoreimportant,whatdistinguisheseffectiveleadersfromineffectiveleadersandeffectiveorganizationsfromineffectiveorganizations.

Neverhavesomanylaboredsolongtosaysolittle.Multipleinterpretationsofleadershipexist,eachprovidingafragmentofinsightbuteachremaininganincompleteandwhollyinadequateexplanation.Mostofthesedefinitionsdon'tagreewitheachother,andmanyofthemwouldseemquiteremotetotheleaderswhoseskillsarebeingexamined.Definitionsreflectfashions,politicaltidesandacademictrends.Theydon'talwaysreflectrealityandsometimestheyjustrepresentnonsense.It'sasifwhatBraqueoncesaidaboutartisalsotrueofleadership:"Theonlythingthatmattersinartisthepartthatcannotbeexplained."

Manytheoriesofleadershiphavecomeandgone.Somelookedattheleader.Somelookedatthesituation.Nonehasstoodthetestoftime.Withsuchatrackrecord,itisunderstandablewhyleadershipresearchandtheoryhavebeensofrustratingastodeservethelabel"thelaBreaTarPits"oforganizationalinquiry.LocatedinLosAngeles,theseasphaltpitshousetheremainsofalongsequenceofprehistoricanimalsthatcametoinvestigatebutneverleftthearea.

1.Severalbignamesarementionedinthefirstparagraphmainlytoshowtheir（）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,people'sopinionsofleadershipareonthewholequite（）.

3.Thewriterthinksthat（）.

4."ThelaBreaTarPits"probablysignifiesthingsthat（）.

5.Thispassageismainlyconcernedwith（）?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.differentstylesofleadership

B.effectiveexerciseofleadership

C.contributionstothetheoryofleadership

D.wisdominapplyingthetheoryofleadership

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.divided

B.original

C.misleading

D.sophisticated

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.manypeoplehavelaboredtobeleaders

B.leadersarebeyondourunderstanding

C.theessenceofleadershiphasnotbeengrasped

D.thedefinitionsofleadershipshouldvary

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.canbetracedbacktotheprehistoricage

B.aretrapsforthosewhowanttoinquire

C.arelocatedinoneplaceforever

D.don'tdeservefullinvestigation

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theinaccuratedefinitionsofleadership

B.thefamousleadersandtheirtheories

C.thechangesinthetrendofleadership

D.theinconsistenttheoriesofleadership

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)：第一段中提到這幾位偉人的名字是為了表明什么？根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段，由第一段最后一句可知，我們對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的初識(shí)源于歷史和社會(huì)的研究，尤其是從反思性實(shí)踐者的思想而來(lái)，譬如摩西、凱撒大帝和詹姆斯?麥迪遜；在我們自己的時(shí)代就來(lái)源于甘地、溫斯頓?丘吉爾、毛澤東和亨利?基辛格等人的截然不同的思想。由此可知，第一段提及多位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的目的，是想表明他們對(duì)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力理論的貢獻(xiàn)。因此本題正確答案選C。

2.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干詢問(wèn)：作者認(rèn)為，人們對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的看法總體上是怎樣的。根據(jù)原文第三段Multipleinterpretationsofleadershipexist...以及Mostofthesedefinitionsdon'tagreewitheachother可知，人們對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力存在多種解釋并且大多數(shù)的定義都不一致。因此，作者認(rèn)為人們對(duì)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的觀點(diǎn)是分化的，故本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由原文第二段Decadesofacademicanalysishavegivenusmorethan350definitionsofleadership.Literallythousandsofempiricalinvestigationsofleadershavebeenconductedinthelast75yearsalone,butnoclearunderstandingexistsastowhatdistinguishesleadersfromnon-leaders,andperhapsmoreimportant,whatdistinguisheseffectiveleadersfromineffectiveleadersandeffectiveorganizationsfromineffectiveorganizations.可知，幾十年的學(xué)術(shù)分析為我們提供了350多種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的定義。僅在過(guò)去的75年里，人們就對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者進(jìn)行了成千上萬(wàn)的實(shí)證研究，但對(duì)于如何區(qū)分領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者和非領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，或許更重要的是如何區(qū)分有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者和無(wú)效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，以及有效的組織和無(wú)效的組織，卻沒(méi)有明確的認(rèn)識(shí)。由此可知，C選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的本質(zhì)還沒(méi)有被掌握”符合題意，故本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

4.詞匯題。將thelaBreaTarPits定位到原文最后一段，由后文信息LocatedinLosAngeles,theseasphaltpitshousetheremainsofalongsequenceofprehistoricanimalsthatcametoinvestigatebutneverleftthearea.可知，這些瀝青坑位于洛杉磯，里面存放著一長(zhǎng)串史前動(dòng)物的遺骸，這些動(dòng)物前來(lái)調(diào)查，但從未離開(kāi)過(guò)這個(gè)地區(qū)。由此可知，這些瀝青坑是那些想要問(wèn)問(wèn)題的人的陷阱。故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段講述了多年來(lái)，我們對(duì)什么是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)以及誰(shuí)能行使領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職能的看法發(fā)生了很大變化；第二段雖然我們對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的認(rèn)識(shí)有了更進(jìn)一步的認(rèn)識(shí)，但是這樣的研究還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠；最后兩段講了關(guān)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的解釋五花八門(mén)，但這些解釋都不充分且互相抵觸，許多理論都只是暫時(shí)的，經(jīng)不住時(shí)間的考驗(yàn)。由此可知，文章主要闡述的是對(duì)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的理論不一致，故本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.

Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse-partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn'tbebadeither,butthatwon'thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantland,leavingmemillionsofdollars.

Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutterbecomeasin,andalittlebitofextrafleshunappealing,ifnotrepellent?Allreligionshavecertaindayswhenpeoplerefrainfromeating,andexcessiveeatingisoneofChristianity'ssevendeadlysins.However,untilquiterecently,mostpeoplehadaproblemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.

Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthatbeingfat-orevenonlysomewhatoverweight-isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralstrength.

Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.Itistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-toomuchfatandalackoffiber-thanaweightproblem.

Therealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,butthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessaryforstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.Weshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweight.Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.

1.Sweptbytheprevailingtrend,theauthor（

）.

2.Intheeyesoftheauthor,andoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat

（

）.

3.Inhumanhistorypeople’sviewsonbodyweight

（

）.

4.What’stheauthor'sadvicetowomenwhoareabsorbedintheideaofthinness?

5.Theauthorcriticizeswomen'sobsessionwiththinness（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hastoseekhelpformrichdistantrelatives.

B.couldstillpreventherselffromgoingoffthetrack.

C.hastogoonadiet.

D.hastowearhighlyfashionableclothes.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanofvirtue.

B.beingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredquality.

C.lookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargefortune.

D.religiouspeoplearenotnecessarilyvirtuous.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.werecloselyrelatedtotheirreligiousbeliefs

B.changedfromtimetotime.

C.variedbetweenthepoorandtherich.

D.ledtodifferentmoralstandards.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyshouldridthemselvesoffantasiesaboutdesignerclothes.

B.Theyshouldbemorewatchfulforfataldiseases.

C.Theyshouldgainweighttolookhealthy.

D.Theyshouldbemoreconcernedwiththeiroveralllifestyle.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.fromaneconomicandeducationalperspective.

B.fromsociologicalandmedicalpointsofview.

C.fromahistoricalandreligiousstandpoint.

D.inthelightofmoralprinciples.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘受流行趨勢(shì)的影響，作者做什么？’根據(jù)文章第二段中第二句“Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse-partofmylife.我自己也有穿窄身名牌服裝的幻想。因此，在我的生活中，無(wú)論好壞，我都在節(jié)食?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)“不得不節(jié)食”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘在作者看來(lái)，現(xiàn)在奇怪的現(xiàn)象是什么？’根據(jù)第一段“Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.女人不能太有錢(qián)也不能太瘦。這句話經(jīng)常被認(rèn)為是已故溫莎公爵夫人說(shuō)的，它體現(xiàn)了我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的許多古怪精神。苗條被認(rèn)為是一種美德?！币约案鶕?jù)第四段中“Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.今天情況正好相反。我們已經(jīng)把瘦變成了美德的新標(biāo)志?！笨芍髡哒J(rèn)為現(xiàn)在奇怪的現(xiàn)象是B選項(xiàng)“苗條被認(rèn)為是一種非常理想的品質(zhì)”。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘人類(lèi)歷史上人們對(duì)體重的看法？’根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.在一些宗教團(tuán)體中，財(cái)富是救贖和高尚道德的象征，而肥胖則是財(cái)富和幸福的象征?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“與他們的宗教信仰密切相關(guān)”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘作者對(duì)那些專(zhuān)注于瘦身的女性有什么忠告？’根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中“...inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-toomuchfatandalackoffiber-thanaweightproblem.在許多情況下，肥胖與增加心血管疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)息息相關(guān)。不過(guò)除了超重，這些疾病也同樣與我們的生活方式及高脂肪飲食習(xí)慣有很大關(guān)系?；枷到y(tǒng)癌癥的相關(guān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能更主要是飲食而非體重問(wèn)題——食物高脂肪低纖維?！币约白詈笠欢沃小癐tisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.如果那些瘦人認(rèn)為他們自然而然就可保持健康，從而不注意總體生活方式，實(shí)際上會(huì)很危險(xiǎn)。”可知作者提出肥胖、生活方式與疾病的關(guān)系，確定D選項(xiàng)“他們應(yīng)該更加關(guān)注他們的整體生活方式”符合要求。

5.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘作者從什么方面批評(píng)了女性對(duì)瘦身的癡迷？’根據(jù)最后一段中“Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.如果那些變瘦的人(或已經(jīng)變瘦的人)認(rèn)為他們天生就健康，因此不關(guān)注他們的整體生活方式，這實(shí)際上是危險(xiǎn)的。瘦可以是純粹的虛榮?！贝_定作者從健康方面和虛榮心方面批評(píng)了女性對(duì)瘦身的癡迷，B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

SomescientistshavesuggestedthatEarthisakindofzooorwildlife（

）

forintelligentspacebeings,likethewildernessareaswehavesetuponearthtoallowanimalstodevelopnaturallywhileweobservethem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conservation

B.maintenance

C.storage

D.reserve

【答案】D

【解析】固定用法。wildlifereserve指野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

9.單選題

ProfessorLee’sbookwillshowyou（）canbeusedinothercontexts.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatyouhaveobserved

B.howthatyouhaveobserved

C.thathowyouhaveobserved

D.howwhatyouhaveobserved

【答案】D

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。這是賓語(yǔ)從句中帶有主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)雜句子。that不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，所以首先排除選項(xiàng)A和B。how不能做that的先行詞，所以選項(xiàng)C也錯(cuò)誤，本題選D。句意：李教授的書(shū)將會(huì)指導(dǎo)你如何將觀察所學(xué)的東西應(yīng)用到其他領(lǐng)域。

10.單選題

Fatherdoesnotlike（

）meat.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lean

B.slim

C.skinny

D.slender

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)句意：父親不喜歡瘦肉。只有選項(xiàng)A能與meat搭配，其他選項(xiàng)只能修飾人。

11.單選題

Ifthereistheneedtocompeteinacrowd,tobattle（）theedgethesureststrategyistodeveloptheunexpected.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.for

C.against

D.with

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果需要在人群中競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，那么為優(yōu)勢(shì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)最可靠的策略就是開(kāi)發(fā)出意想不到的東西。on在…上；for為了:against反對(duì)；with和。此處句意表示“為優(yōu)勢(shì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”，故選B。

12.單選題

We______soasnottowakethechild.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whispered

B.moaned

C.grunted

D.muttered

【答案】A

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)whispered“低聲地說(shuō)”；B選項(xiàng)moaned“呻吟”；C選項(xiàng)grunted“咕噥著說(shuō)”；D選項(xiàng)muttered“喃喃自語(yǔ)”。句意：我們低聲說(shuō)話，以免吵醒孩子。本句表示低聲說(shuō)話。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Youngpeoplearenot______tostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conservative

B.content

C.confident

D.generous

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。A選項(xiàng)conservative“保守的”；B選項(xiàng)content“滿意的”；C選項(xiàng)confident“自信的”；D選項(xiàng)generous“慷慨的”。句意：年輕人不______站在那里觀看藝術(shù)作品；他們想要的是可以參與的藝術(shù)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是不想止步于觀看藝術(shù)作品，而是想要參與其中，B選項(xiàng)content“滿意的”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Dogsaresocialanimalsandwithoutpropertraining,theywillbehavelikewildanimals.Theywillsoilyourhouse,destroyyourbelongings,barkexcessively,fightotherdogsandevenbiteyou.Nearlyallbehaviorproblemsareperfectlynormaldogactivitiesthatoccuratthewrongtimeorplaceoraredirectedatthewrongthing.Thekeytopreventingortreatingbehaviorproblemsislearningtoteachthedogtoredirectitsnormalbehaviortooutletsthatareacceptableinthedomesticsetting.

Oneofthebestthingsyoucandoforyourdogandyourselfistoobediencetrainit.Obediencetrainingdoesn'tsolveallbehaviorproblems,butitisthefoundationforsolvingjustaboutanyproblem.Trainingpensupalineofcommunicationbetweenyouandyourdog.Effectivecommunicationisnecessarytoinstructyourdogaboutwhatyouwantittodo.

Trainingisalsoaneasywaytoestablishthesocialrankorder.Whenyourdogobeysasimplerequestof“comehere,sit,”itisshowingobedienceandrespectforyou.Itisnotnecessarytoestablishyourselfastopdogorleaderofthepack（群）byusingextrememeasure.Youcanteachyourdogitssubordinate（從屬的）rolebyteachingittoshowsubmissiontoyou.Mostdogsloveperformingtricksforyoutopleasantlyacceptthatyouareincharge.

Trainingshouldbefunandrewardingforyouandyourdog.Itcanenrichyourrelationshipandmakelivingtogethermoreenjoyable.Awell-traineddogismoreconfidentandcanmoresafelybeallowedagreateramountoffreedomthananuntrainedanimal.

1.Behaviorproblemsofdogsarebelievedto（）.

2.Theprimarypurposeofobediencetrainingisto（）.

3.Effectivecommunicationbetweenadoganditsowneris（）.

4.Whydopetdogsloveperformingtricksfortheirmasters?

5.Whenadoghasreceivedeffectiveobediencetraining,itsowner（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bejustpartoftheirnature

B.worseninmodernsociety

C.occurwhentheygowild

D.presentathreattothecommunity

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.teachthedogtoperformclevertricks

B.makethedogawareofitsowner'sauthority

C.providethedogwithoutletsforitswildbehavior

D.enablethedogtoregainitsnormalbehavior

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.essentialtosolvingthedog'sbehaviorproblems

B.thefoundationfordogstoperformtasks

C.agoodwaytoteachthedognewtricks

D.anextrememeasureinobediencetraining

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Toavoidbeingpunished

B.Toshowtheiraffectionfortheirmasters

C.Towinleadershipofthedogpack

D.Toshowtheirwillingnesstoobey

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.cangivethedogmorerewards

B.willenjoyabetterfamilylife

C.cangivethedogmorefreedom

D.willhavemoreconfidenceinhimself

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段“Dogsaresocialanimalsandwithoutpropertraining,theywillbehavelikewildanimals.狗是群居動(dòng)物，如果沒(méi)有適當(dāng)?shù)挠?xùn)練，它們會(huì)表現(xiàn)得像野生動(dòng)物一樣。”可知狗的行為問(wèn)題是由其本性決定的。故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段和第二段“Thekeytopreventingortreatingbehaviorproblemsislearningtoteachthedogtoredirectitsnormalbehaviortooutletsthatareacceptableinthedomesticsetting.Obediencetrainingdoesn'tsolveallbehaviorproblems,butitisthefoundationforsolvingjustaboutanyproblem.防止或治療行為問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵是學(xué)會(huì)教狗把它的正常行為改成在家庭環(huán)境中可以接受的發(fā)泄。服從訓(xùn)練并不能解決所有的行為問(wèn)題，但它是解決任何問(wèn)題的基礎(chǔ)?？芍挠?xùn)練的主要目的是為狗的野蠻行為提供發(fā)泄的途徑。C項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段最后一句“Effectivecommunicationisnecessarytoinstructyourdogaboutwhatyouwantittodo.有效的溝通對(duì)指導(dǎo)你的狗做你想要它做的事情是必要的?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)“是狗執(zhí)行任務(wù)的基礎(chǔ)”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由倒數(shù)第二段“Mostdogsloveperformingtricksforyoutopleasantlyacceptthatyouareincharge.大多數(shù)狗狗喜歡為你表演一些小把戲，讓你愉快地接受你是主人的事實(shí)?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段“Awell-traineddogismoreconfidentandcanmoresafelybeallowedagreateramountoffreedomthananuntrainedanimal.一條受過(guò)良好訓(xùn)練的狗比未受過(guò)訓(xùn)練的動(dòng)物更有信心，也能更安全地獲得更多的自由?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeit（

）whenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundarie