考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

______ofanewspapernorthenumberofpagesinaneditionhaseverbeenstandardized.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thepagesizeisneither

B.Neitheristhepagesize

C.Thepagesize,neither

D.Neitherthepagesize

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配?？疾榈氖恰皀either...nor...”的用法，這是一個(gè)表示并列否定的結(jié)構(gòu)，在neither與nor后面各自接的成分在屬性上必須保持一致，由題干可知，我們應(yīng)該要選擇一個(gè)名詞性成分，A項(xiàng)、B項(xiàng)是句子所以排除；因?yàn)閚either是一般放在句首的，所以C項(xiàng)排除；句意：一份報(bào)紙的版面大小和一版的頁(yè)數(shù)都沒(méi)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。因此，該題正確答案為D。

2.單選題

Whoeversaidthatvictoryhasmanyfathersanddefeatisanorphan,surelyhadneverheardoftheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO).Inthecaseofthehaplessmultilateraltradebodyanditslongsufferingrepresentatives,thetotalfailureoftheopeningmeetingoftheso-calledMillenniumtraderoundhaslotsofpeopleboastingoftheirrolesintheviolentphysicalstruggle.Well.That'sjustbrilliant.Theyareproudofbeingpartofamovementthatwantstowreckthemostimportantengineofeconomicgrowth,prosperityandoverallglobalrisinglivingstandardswehave—thefreedomoftradeandmovementofpeopleandgoodsbetweennations.

The135-membersWTOiscomposedofsovereignofsovereigngovernmentswishingtofurtherthisgoalandeasethesettlementofinternationaltradedisputes.FromthesoundsemanatingfromSeattle,though,itwouldnowseemtheWTOhasnowreplacedtheTrilateralCommissionandtheFreemasonsascandidateNo.1totakeovertheworld.

EverybodyhashisfavoriteSeattlestory.Thecity’spolicechiefwillhaveplentyoftimetothinkabouthis,havingnowresignedindisgraceoverthelossofcontrolofdowntownSeattle.TheSeattlebusinesscommunitymaybemoreinclinedtobroodovertheirs;thepoorfoolsinvested＄9milliontoattractthemeetingtotheirfinecity.Whatstandsoutmore?Iwouldnominatetheunionofsteelworkerswhoweremarchinginprotest.It’sanimagethatwillbogglethemindforyearstocome.

Thedebatenowisoverjusthoweffectivethisanti-globalistcoalitionwillturnouttobe.Intheheatofthemoment,italwayslooksasthoughtheworldasweknowitiscomingtoanenD.Buttheoverwhelminglikelihoodisthatwehavenotactuallyseenarelayoftheanti-VietnamWarmovement,whichhadmuchclearerfocus,obviously,thoughitsconsequenceswerefar-reaching.Howlong,afterall,canyouprotestagainstcheapimportswhenthosesameimportsarealloveryouhouse?

No,therealreasonforthedisasterinSeattleispolitical,andreportscomingoutofthemeetingpointtoPresidentClintonasamajorculprit.WhichmaybebothgoodandbaD.Takingthelongview,othertraderoundshavehaddifficultbeginnings,too.IttookyearstogettheUruguayRoundunderway,whichfinallyhappenedin1986.Thankfully,wewillsoonbeelectinganotherpresident,anditshouldbesomeonewhoseactionsmatchhisrhetoric.

Still,itisadisgracethattheworld'sgreatesttradingnation,i.e.theUnitedStates,iscurrentlyledbyamanwhosemotivationsaresonarrowlypoliticalandegocentricthathehasnowwreckedanychanceofenteringthehistorybooksasachampionoffreetrade.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thefailureoftheSeattlemeetingischieflycausedby_______.

2.Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethat______.

3.OneoftheWTO'sgoalsasmentionedinthepassageisto_______.

4.Bysayingthat“It’sanimagethatwillbogglethemindforyearstocome.”(thelastsentenceinParagraph3)theauthormeansthat______.

5.TheauthorisobviouslycriticalofPresidentClintonfor______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anti-globalistandpro-globalistconflicts

B.PresidentClinton’swronginitiatives

C.thestrongprotestsfromdiversegroups

D.thepolice'sfailuretomaintainorder

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.differentforcescontributedtothefailureoftheMillenniumtraderound

B.manypeoplebraggedoftheirpresenceattheMillenniumtraderound

C.thereexistedarangeofviolentdebatedastotheprospectsoftheWTO

D.onlyafewmemberswereproudoftheirmembershipoftheWTO

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.serveasarbitersininternationaltradedisputes

B.ensurecheapexportandimportofgoodsunnecessarily

C.bringabouttheglobalizationofworld'strades

D.encouragefreetradeandgoodsexchangesworldwide

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theWTOislikelytohaveanegativeimageinpeople'smindinthefuture

B.theWTOwillhavetroublechangingpeople'swayofthinkinginthefuture

C.thestartlingscenewillprobablylingerinpeople'smindtheyearstocome

D.peoplewilllosewhateverconfidencetheyholdinthefutureoftheWTO

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.hisfailingtomatchhiswordswithhisactions

B.hishandlingthematterinawrongperspective

C.hislackinghistoricalknowledgeabouttheWTO

D.hisoveremphasizingtheeconomicroleoftheWTO

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Seattlemeeting”可以定位到文章第五段中“No,therealreasonforthedisasterinSeattleispolitical,andreportscomingoutofthemeetingpointtoPresidentClintonasamajorculprit.”中文翻譯為：不，西雅圖災(zāi)難的真正原因是政治，會(huì)議的報(bào)告指出，總統(tǒng)克林頓是主要的罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。可以得知B選項(xiàng)“克林頓總統(tǒng)的錯(cuò)誤舉措”正確。

2.主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段，中文翻譯為：誰(shuí)說(shuō)勝利有許多父親，失敗是一個(gè)孤兒，肯定沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)世界貿(mào)易組織(WTO)。以不幸的多邊貿(mào)易組織及其長(zhǎng)期受苦受難的代表們?yōu)槔^的千年貿(mào)易回合(Millenniumtraderound)開(kāi)幕式的徹底失敗，讓很多人吹噓自己在這場(chǎng)激烈的斗爭(zhēng)中扮演的角色。好，這就是燦爛的。他們?yōu)樽约菏且粓?chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的一部分而感到自豪，這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)希望摧毀我們所擁有的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、繁榮和全球整體生活水平不斷提高的最重要引擎——貿(mào)易自由以及國(guó)與國(guó)之間人員和貨物流動(dòng)。A選項(xiàng)“不同的力量促成了千年貿(mào)易談判的失敗”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“許多人吹噓他們出席了千年貿(mào)易談判”不符合題意，故排除。C選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于世貿(mào)組織的前景存在著一系列激烈的爭(zhēng)論”不符合題意，故排除。D選項(xiàng)“只有幾個(gè)成員國(guó)為他們是世貿(mào)組織的成員而感到自豪”不符合題意，文中很多人吹噓自己在這場(chǎng)激烈的斗爭(zhēng)中扮演的角色，故排除。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段“Theyareproudofbeingpartofamovementthatwantstowreckthemostimportantengineofeconomicgrowth,prosperityandoverallglobalrisinglivingstandardswehave—thefreedomoftradeandmovementofpeopleandgoodsbetweennations.”中文翻譯為：他們?yōu)樽约菏且粓?chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的一部分而感到自豪，這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)希望摧毀我們所擁有的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、繁榮和全球整體生活水平不斷提高的最重要引擎——貿(mào)易自由以及國(guó)與國(guó)之間人員和貨物流動(dòng)。D選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)世界范圍內(nèi)的自由貿(mào)易和商品交流”符合題意，故選D。A選項(xiàng)“在國(guó)際貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端中擔(dān)任仲裁者”不符合題意，故排除。B選項(xiàng)“確保不必要的廉價(jià)進(jìn)出口”不符合題意，故排除。C選項(xiàng)“帶來(lái)世界貿(mào)易的全球化”不符合題意，故排除。

4.作者意圖題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句“It’sanimagethatwillbogglethemindforyearstocome.”中文翻譯：這是一個(gè)在未來(lái)幾年里會(huì)讓人難以置信的畫(huà)面。A選項(xiàng)“WTO在未來(lái)很可能在人們的腦海中有一個(gè)負(fù)面的形象”與題干句子意思相符，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通讀題干定位到文章第五段最后一句“Thankfully,wewillsoonbeelectinganotherpresident,anditshouldbesomeonewhoseactionsmatchhisrhetoric.”中文大意：值得慶幸的是，我們很快將選出另一位總統(tǒng)，而這位總統(tǒng)應(yīng)該是言行一致的人。根據(jù)前文“No,therealreasonforthedisasterinSeattleispolitical,andreportscomingoutofthemeetingpointtoPresidentClintonasamajorculprit.”中文大意：不，西雅圖災(zāi)難的真正原因是政治，會(huì)議的報(bào)告指出，總統(tǒng)克林頓是主要的罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。前文批判克林頓為“罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?，后文筆者說(shuō)值得慶幸的是將選出另外一位言行一致的總統(tǒng)。A選項(xiàng)“他言行不一致”最符合題意，因此選A。

3.單選題

Amanufacturerofsportsshoesstartssellingconsumerelectronics.Asoftdrinklendsitsnametoarangeofurbanclothing.What’sgoingon?Insimplertimes,youknewwhereyouwerewithbrands.Onebrandnamemeantgood-qualitysportsshoes,anotherasoftdrink.Noconfusion.Today,however,bigcompaniestrytoredefinebrandsasnotsomuchaproduct,moreawayoflife,andstretchthemintonewareas.Intheearlyyearsoftheconsumersociety,abrandnameonaboxsimplyidentifiedwhatwasinside.Peoplewerelookingforproductsthatwouldimprovetheirqualityoflife,andchoosebrandsmostlikelytoachievethatpurpose.Butaspeopleinindustrializednationsbecamemoreaffluentandfulfilledtheirbasicneeds,brandsacquiredotherattributes.Thefunctionalityoftheproductwasstillimportant,butpeoplealsostartedusingbrandstosaysomethingaboutthemselves,forexample,choosingabrandofcosmeticswhichwouldsuggestthattheyweresophisticatedjet-setters.

Now,wehaveenteredathirdageofbranding,inwhichsomanycompaniesaremakingroughlythesameproductatroughlythesamepricethatfunctionalityrarelysucceedsasapointofdifferentiation.Instead,companiesaretryingtomaketheirbrandsstandoutbyemphasizingtheiremotionalaspects,hopingconsumerswillidentifywiththesetofvaluesthebrandrepresents.

Onedisadvantageofaproduct-basedbrandisthatiftheproductgoesoutoffashion,thebrandgoeswithit.Thisisaseriousconcernformanufacturesofbreakfastcereals,whoarestrugglingtocounterweakdemandfortheproductsthatbeartheirnames.Sofar,theirmarketingeffortsseemtobehavinglittleeffect.Theadvantageforemotionalbrandsisthatcompaniescantransfertheirbrandstrengthintootherareas,increasingrevenuesandreducingtheirexposuretothelifespanofasingleproduct.

Theelasticityofbrandsseemstoberelatedtotheirpositiononaspectrumrangingfromthoserootedinsolid,tangibleassetstothosewithhighlyintangibleemotionalqualities.Attheoneend,youhavetraincompaniesthattendtoassociatethemselveswithinfrastructureandtheirabilitytogetyoufromAtoB,andattheotherendwouldbealeisurebrandthatpositionsitselfondreamsandmakingpeoplehavefun.Itisthelatterwhichhasthemaximumpotentialforstretch.

Butevenemotionalbrandshavealimittotheirelasticity.Themerchandisehastobeconsistentwiththebrandpromise.Justtosellmerchandisewithyourlogoonitisashort-term,mistakenidea.Fromthisviewpoint,thedecisiontomovefromsportsshoesintoconsumerelectronicsmakessense.Mostitemsintherange,suchasthetwo-wayradioforhikers,aresports-focused,eventhoughtheproductsmaybeadoptedasfashionaccessories,andthesportsshoecustomerswillprobablysnapthemup.

Whenthemovewasmadefromsoftdrinksintoclothing,however,itleftthebrandingconsultantscold.Itwasadifficultmentalleapintoclothingfromthedrinksocloselyassociatedwiththatparticularbrandname.Ontheotherhand,theemotionalattributesthatyoungstersseemtofindappealinginthedrink,likeitsheritageandglobalappeal,arefashionableatthemoment,andinfactresponsetotheclotheswiththesamenamehasbeenoverwhelming.Maybethisjustshowsthataninspiredmove—andbyallaccountsasnapdecision—sometimespaysoffagainsttheodds,leavingthemanufacturerlaughingallthewaytothebank.

1.Accordingtothewriter,anattributeofthethirdageofbrandingisthat（

）.

2.Thewritermentionsmanufacturersofbreakfastcerealstoillustratehow

（

）.

3.Thewriterarguethatthestretchfromsportsshoesintoconsumerelectronicsislikelytobesuccessfulbecause

（

）.

4.Thewriterarguesthatthestretchformsoftdrinksintoclothing（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.competingproductsmayservetheirpurposeequallywell

B.therangeofproductsavailableistoolargeforalltosurvive

C.consumersarebecomingconfusedabouttheproductsavailable

D.pricehasbecomeakeyfactorinconsumers'choiceofproducts

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.competitioncanhaveanimpactonaproduct

B.abrandcanloseitspopularitydespiteastrongmarketfortheproduct

C.advertisingcanaffectsalesofaproduct

D.changesinthepopularityofproductscancausedifficulties

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.existingcustomershavedemandedthenewproducts

B.theywillbesoldinthesameoutlets

C.thenewlineswillexpandthemanufacturer’smarket

D.thereisaconnectioninthewaythatthegoodscanbeused

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.wasagamblewhichsucceeded

B.builtonthepopularityofcertaintypeofclothing

C.showedthevalueofcarefulplanning

D.createdproductionproblemsforthemanufacturer

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Now,wehaveenteredathirdageofbranding,inwhichsomanycompaniesaremakingroughlythesameproductatroughlythesamepricethatfunctionalityrarelysucceedsasapointofdifferentiation.（現(xiàn)在，我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了品牌化的第三階段，在這一階段，許多公司以大致相同的價(jià)格生產(chǎn)大致相同的產(chǎn)品，而功能很少作為一個(gè)差異點(diǎn)成功）可知A選項(xiàng)“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)產(chǎn)品可能提供相同的功能”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Onedisadvantageofaproduct-basedbrandisthatiftheproductgoesoutoffashion,thebrandgoeswithit.Thisisaseriousconcernformanufacturesofbreakfastcereals,whoarestrugglingtocounterweakdemandfortheproductsthatbeartheirnames.（以產(chǎn)品為基礎(chǔ)的品牌的一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)是，如果產(chǎn)品過(guò)時(shí)了，品牌也會(huì)隨之改變。這是早餐谷類(lèi)食品制造商的一個(gè)嚴(yán)重?fù)?dān)憂(yōu)，他們正努力應(yīng)對(duì)以其名字命名的產(chǎn)品需求疲軟）可知D選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)品受歡迎程度的變化可能會(huì)造成困難”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第五段中的Fromthisviewpoint,thedecisiontomovefromsportsshoesintoconsumerelectronicsmakessense.Mostitemsintherange,suchasthetwo-wayradioforhikers,aresports-focused,eventhoughtheproductsmaybeadoptedasfashionaccessories,andthesportsshoecustomerswillprobablysnapthemup.（從這個(gè)角度來(lái)看，決定從運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋轉(zhuǎn)向消費(fèi)電子產(chǎn)品是有道理的。該系列中的大多數(shù)產(chǎn)品，如徒步旅行者使用的對(duì)講機(jī)，雖然可能會(huì)被當(dāng)成是時(shí)尚配飾，但同樣也是運(yùn)動(dòng)類(lèi)產(chǎn)品，并且運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋的消費(fèi)者可能會(huì)搶購(gòu)這類(lèi)產(chǎn)品）可知D選項(xiàng)“在產(chǎn)品使用方面存在聯(lián)系”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Maybethisjustshowsthataninspiredmove—andbyallaccountsasnapdecision—sometimespaysoffagainsttheodds,leavingthemanufacturerlaughingallthewaytothebank.（也許這正好表明了一個(gè)富有靈感的行為——或者按大家說(shuō)的是一個(gè)倉(cāng)促的決定——有時(shí)可能也會(huì)一把賭贏，最后使得制造商輕而易舉地賺大錢(qián)）可知A選項(xiàng)“是一場(chǎng)成功的賭博”符合題意。

4.翻譯題

TheopeningofDisneylandwillbringmanyassociatedinvestmentopportunities.Atleastfoureconomicsectorswillbenefitdirectly.First,propertymarkets.HousingandcommercialrealestatepricesaroundtheDisneylandareaarealreadyrising.Second,thetourismsector.Aftertheopening,analystsexpect3to5millionmoretouristswillvisitShanghaieveryyear,bringmorebusinesstohotels,travelagenciesandretails.Third,brandmarketingwillgiveaboosttotoymanufactures,publishersandthegamingindustry.Fourth,constructioncompaniesandmaterialsupplierswillenjoyahugeincrease,comparabletothe2010ShanghaiworldExpo.Disneyland’sfirstphaseofconstructionisexpectedtocost24billionyuan.

【答案】迪士尼在上海開(kāi)園會(huì)帶來(lái)許多相關(guān)的投資機(jī)會(huì)。至少有四個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域?qū)⒅苯邮芤?。首先是房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)。迪士尼樂(lè)園周?chē)牡禺a(chǎn)商業(yè)價(jià)格已經(jīng)上漲。其次是旅游業(yè)。開(kāi)園后，分析師預(yù)測(cè)每年有300萬(wàn)到500萬(wàn)甚至更多的游客將訪(fǎng)問(wèn)上海，這給酒店、旅行社和零售商帶來(lái)更多的生意。再次，品牌營(yíng)銷(xiāo)將促進(jìn)玩具制造業(yè)、出版業(yè)和游戲行業(yè)的發(fā)展。不僅如此，施工企業(yè)和材料供應(yīng)商的業(yè)務(wù)量將大幅度增長(zhǎng)，堪比2010年上海世博會(huì)。迪士尼樂(lè)園的第一期工程預(yù)計(jì)將耗資240億人民幣。

5.單選題

ThenumberofpeoplewithAlzheimer’sdiseaseintheUnitedStatesisprojectedtomorethandoubleby2050.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.devised

B.thrust

C.estimated

D.encountered

【答案】C

【解析】考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)devised“設(shè)計(jì)”；B選項(xiàng)thrust“猛推；沖”；C選項(xiàng)estimated“預(yù)計(jì)的”；D選項(xiàng)encountered“遭遇”。句意：美國(guó)老年癡呆癥患者的數(shù)量到2050年____將增加一倍以上。本句講的是到2050年美國(guó)老年癡呆癥患者的數(shù)量的變化，這應(yīng)該是推測(cè)、預(yù)測(cè)出來(lái)的，C選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，原文isprojectedto“預(yù)計(jì)”。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

6.單選題

Sincethesurfaceoftheholemustbestressfree,thestressinthe（

）oftheholemustbemodifiedfromtheuniaxialtension.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.empty

B.vicinity

C.beleaguer

D.cavity

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。empty空的東西；vicinity附近，近處；beleaguer圍攻；cavity腔，洞。

句意：因?yàn)榭椎谋砻姹仨殶o(wú)壓力，洞附近的壓力必須從單軸拉伸進(jìn)行修改。根據(jù)句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Oneofthebiggest（

）totheeconomicreformofthisareahasbeenthelackofaccesstointernationalmarkets.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prophecies

B.transactions

C.arguments

D.hindrances

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。prophecy“預(yù)言”；transaction“交易”；argument“論證，爭(zhēng)吵”；hindrance“障礙，妨礙”。句意：這些領(lǐng)域經(jīng)濟(jì)改革中最大的障礙便是沒(méi)有進(jìn)入國(guó)際市場(chǎng)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

Thepassengerscarriedondrinkinganddancing（）unawareoftheimpendingdisaster.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.witheringly

B.contemptuously

C.morally

D.blissfully

【答案】C

【解析】副詞詞義解析。witheringly“使人不自在地”；contemptuously“輕蔑地”；morally“道德上，確實(shí)”；blissfully“幸福地”。句意：乘客們喝酒跳舞，沒(méi)有意識(shí)到即將發(fā)生的災(zāi)難。選項(xiàng)C表程度，符合題意。

9.翻譯題

(1)Someauthoritiesdeclarethatpeoplemayactuallygoinsaneinordertofindinthedreamland(夢(mèng)境)ofinsanity,thefeelingofimportancethathasbeendeniedthemintheharshworldofreality.TherearemorepatientssufferingfrommentaldiseasesintheUnitedStatesthanfromallotherdiseasescombined.

Whatisthecauseofinsanity?Nobodycananswersuchasweepingquestion,butweknowthatcertaindiseases,suchassyphilis(梅毒),breakdownanddestroythebraincellsandresultininsanity.Infact,aboutone-halfofallmentaldiseasescanbeattributedtosuchphysicalcausesasbrainlesions(腦病變),alcohol,toxinsandinjuries.Buttheotherhalf—andthisistheappallingpartofthestory—theotherhalfofthepeoplewhogoinsaneapparentlyhavenothingorganicallywrongwiththeirbraincells.Inpost-mortemexaminations(尸檢),whentheirbraintissuesarestudiedunderthehighest-poweredmicroscopes,thesetissuesarefoundtobeapparentlyjustashealthyasyoursandmine.

Whydothesepeoplegoinsane?Iputthatquestiontotheheadphysicianofoneofourmostimportantpsychiatrichospitals.Thisdoctor,whohasreceivedthehighesthonoursandthemostcovetedawardsforhisknowledgeofthissubject,toldmefranklythathedidn’tknowwhypeoplewentinsane.Nobodyknowsforsure.Buthedidsaythatmanypeoplewhogoinsanefindininsanityafeelingofimportancethattheywereunabletoachieveintheworldofreality.(2)Ifsomepeoplearesohungryforafeelingofimportancethattheyactuallygoinsanetogetit,imaginewhatmiracleyouandIcanachievebygivingpeoplehonestappreciationthissideofinsanity.

OneofthefirstpeopleinAmericanbusinesstobepaidasalaryofoveramilliondollarsayearwasCharlesSchwab.HehadbeenpickedbyAndrewCarnegietobecomethefirstpresidentofthenewlyformedUnitedStatesSteelCompanyin1921,whenSchwabwasonlythirty-eightyearsold.WhydidAndrewCarnegiepayamilliondollarsayear,ormorethanthreethousanddollarsaday,toCharlesSchwab?Why?BecauseSchwabwasagenius?No.Becauseheknewmoreaboutthemanufactureofsteelthanotherpeople?Nonsense.

CharlesSchwabtoldmehimselfthathehadmanymenworkingforhimwhoknewmoreaboutthemanufactureofsteelthanhedid.Schwabsaidthathewaspaidthissalarylargelybecauseofhisabilitytodealwithpeople.Iaskedhimhowhedidit.Hereishissecretsetdowninhisownwords—wordsthatoughttobecastineternalbronzeandhungineveryhomeandschool,everyshopandofficeintheland—wordsthatchildrenoughttomemorizeinsteadofwastingtheirtimememorizingtheconjugationofLatinverbsortheamountoftheannualrainfallinBrazil—wordsthatwillallbuttransformyourlifeandmineifwewillonlylivethem:

“Iconsidermyabilitytoarouseenthusiasmamongmypeople,”saidSchwab,“thegreatestassetIpossess,andthewaytodevelopthebestofapersonisbyappreciationandencouragement.“Thereisnothingelsethatsokillstheambitionsofapersonascriticismsfromsuperiors.Inevercriticizeanyone.Ibelieveingivingapersonincentivetowork.SoIamanxioustopraisebutloathtofindfault.IfIlikeanything,Iamheartyinmyapprobationandlavishinmypraise.”ThatiswhatSchwabdid.

Butwhatdoaveragepeopledo?Theexactopposite.(3)Iftheydon’tlikeathing,theybawlouttheirsubordinates;iftheydolikeit,theysaynothing.Astheoldcoupletsays:“OnceIdidbadandthatIheardever/TwiceIdidgood,butthatIheardnever.”

“Inmywideassociationinlife,meetingwithmanyandgreatpeopleinvariouspartsoftheworld,”Schwabdeclared,(4)“Ihaveyettofindtheperson,howevergreatorexalted(尊貴的)hisstation,whodidnotdobetterworkandputforthgreatereffortunderaspiritofapprovalthanhewouldeverdounderaspiritofcriticism.”

【答案】【參考譯文】

（1）有些權(quán)威人士宣稱(chēng)，人們會(huì)發(fā)瘋的原因是為了在精神錯(cuò)亂的夢(mèng)境中尋找在殘酷的現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中得不到的那種被重視的感覺(jué)。

（2）如果有人極度渴望一種“被重視”的感覺(jué)，那么試想一下如果我們能及時(shí)給予他們這瘋狂的一面以真誠(chéng)的贊美，又會(huì)產(chǎn)生怎樣的奇跡呢。

（3）如果他們不喜歡一件事，就會(huì)向下屬大喊大叫；如果他們喜歡，就什么也不說(shuō)。就像那句老話(huà)說(shuō)的那樣：“壞事傳千里，好事不出門(mén)?！?/p>

（4）“我還沒(méi)有找到一個(gè)人，無(wú)論他如何偉大，地位如何崇高，不是在被贊許的情形下，比在被批評(píng)的情形下，更能夠成就偉大的事業(yè)?！?/p>

10.單選題

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ittendstodwellupontheirjoyousexperiences.

B.Ithastroubleconcentratingafterabraininjury.

C.Itwandersforalmosthalfoftheirwakingtime.

D.Ittendstobeaffectedbytheirnegativefeelings.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Tostudytherelationbetweenhealthanddaydreaming.

B.Toseewhydaydreamingimpactswhatoneisdoing.

C.Toobservehowone’smindaffectsone’sbehavior.

D.Tofindhowhappinessrelatestodaydreaming.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itcontributestotheircreativity.

B.Itcontributestoclearthinking.

C.Ithelpsthemtaptheirpotentials.

D.Ithelpsthemmakegooddecisions.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Daydreamersdidbetterthannon-daydreamersintaskperformance.

B.Non-daydreamersweremorefocusedontheirtasksthandaydreamers.

C.Thedifferenceinperformancebetweenthetwogroupswasinsignificant.

D.Subjectswithcleargoalsinmindoutperformedthosewithoutcleargoals.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】PassageTwo

In2014,onein16Americansvisitedthehospitalemergencyroomforhomeinjuries.Oneofthemaincausesoftheseaccidents?Awanderingmind![12]Byoneestimate,peopledaydreamthroughnearlyhalfoftheirwakinghours.

Psychologistshaverecentlyfocusedonthetendencytothinkaboutsomethingotherthanthetaskoneisdoing.[13]Foroneexperiment,researchersdevelopedanapptoanalyzetherelationshipbetweendaydreamingandhappiness.Theyfoundthattheaverageperson’smindwanderedmostfrequently(about65%ofthetime)duringpersonalactivities,suchasbrushingtheirteethandcombingtheirhair.Respondents’mindstendedtowandermorewhentheyfeltupsetratherthanhappy.Theyweremorelikelytowandertowardpleasanttopicsthanunpleasantones.

Howdodaydreamsaffectdaydreamers?Awanderingmindleavesusvulnerablewhendriving.Inonestudy,researchersinterview955peopleinvolvedintrafficaccidents.Themajorityofthemreportedhavingdaydreamjustbeforetheaccident.Yetotherresearchsuggeststhatdaydreaminghasbenefits.Researchershavefoundthatitgivesusachancetothinkaboutourgoalsand[14]italsoseemstoincreasecreativity.Inoneexperiment,145undergraduatescompletedfour“unusualuses”tasks,eachrequiringthemtolistasmanyusesaspossibleforeverydayobject.Afterthefirstpairoftaskswascompleted,onegroupofparticipantswasassignedanundemandingactivityintendedtocausetheirmindstowander.Whenalltheparticipantsproceededtothesecondpairoftasks,[15]thedaydreamersperformed40percentbetterthantheothers.

12.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutpeople’smind?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)的是這篇文章提到的關(guān)于人的思想的信息。錄音開(kāi)頭提到：據(jù)估計(jì)，人們幾乎一半的清醒時(shí)間都在幻想（peopledaydreamthroughnearlyhalfoftheirwakinghours），C選項(xiàng)“醒著的時(shí)候，幾乎有一半的時(shí)間都在走神”與之表述一致，因此正確。干擾項(xiàng)是A選項(xiàng)“傾向于沉湎于他們快樂(lè)的經(jīng)歷”，錄音中提到的是他們更傾向于談?wù)撚淇斓脑?huà)題（pleasanttopics），因此A選項(xiàng)不正確；B選項(xiàng)“大腦受傷后很難集中注意力”和D選項(xiàng)“容易受到負(fù)面情緒的影響”在錄音中均未提及。

13.Forwhatpurposedidtheresearchersdevelopthenewapp?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)研究人員開(kāi)發(fā)這款新軟件的目的是什么？錄音提到，在一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，研究人員開(kāi)發(fā)了一款應(yīng)用程序來(lái)分析幻想和幸福之間的關(guān)系（analyzetherelationshipbetweendaydreamingandhappiness），D選項(xiàng)“找出幸福是如何與幻想關(guān)聯(lián)的”是此信息的同義表述，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“健康與幻想的關(guān)系”；B選項(xiàng)“看看為什么幻想會(huì)影響一個(gè)人的行為”；C選項(xiàng)“觀察一個(gè)人的思想如何影響他的行為”均不正確。

14.Howdoesdaydreamingbenefitpeopleaccordingtosomeresearchers?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)根據(jù)一些研究者的說(shuō)法，幻想是怎樣使人受益的？錄音中也提到了幻想的好處：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，它給了我們思考目標(biāo)的機(jī)會(huì)，而且似乎還能提高創(chuàng)造力（increasecreativity），A選項(xiàng)中的contributesto是錄音中increase的同義替換，因此A選項(xiàng)正確；B選項(xiàng)“有助于清晰思考”；C選項(xiàng)“幫助他們挖掘潛力”；D選項(xiàng)“有助于他們做出正確的決定”均不正確。

15.Whatwasthefindingoftheexperimentwith145undergraduates?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)那個(gè)有145名本科生參加的實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？錄音最后提到，當(dāng)所有參與者進(jìn)行第二組任務(wù)時(shí)，“幻想者”的表現(xiàn)比其他人好40%（thedaydreamersperformed40percentbetterthantheothers），由此可知，A選項(xiàng)“幻想者在做任務(wù)時(shí)的表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于非幻想者”與之表述一致，因此正確。由上也可排除B選項(xiàng)“非幻想者比幻想者更專(zhuān)注于自己的任務(wù)”和C選項(xiàng)“兩組之間的表現(xiàn)差異不明顯”；而D選項(xiàng)“有明確目標(biāo)的受試者的表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于沒(méi)有明確目標(biāo)的受試者”在錄音中并沒(méi)有提及明確目標(biāo)這一信息，因此錯(cuò)誤。

11.單選題

Librariesareaninvestmentforthefutureandshouldnotbeallowedtofallinto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dissolution

B.decay

C.decline

D.depression

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)dissolution“分解，溶解”；B選項(xiàng)decay“衰退，衰減；衰?。桓癄€，腐朽”；C選項(xiàng)decline“下降；衰退；斜面”；D選項(xiàng)depression“沮喪；憂(yōu)愁；抑郁癥；洼地；不景氣；低氣壓區(qū)”。題干大意說(shuō)，圖書(shū)館是將來(lái)的一種投資，不允許（圖書(shū)館）掉入（）。常識(shí)儲(chǔ)備：當(dāng)今社會(huì)我們并沒(méi)有注意圖書(shū)館的價(jià)值，現(xiàn)在的圖書(shū)館是冷冷清清，一副衰退、衰亡的景象。其實(shí)體現(xiàn)一個(gè)國(guó)家、民族的真正素質(zhì)就是看圖書(shū)館是否冷冷清清。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Afterayearofarguments,preparationsforthefestivalarenow（

）smoothly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.preceding

B.processing

C.pressing

D.proceeding

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。precede“在……之前發(fā)生（或出現(xiàn)）”；process“加工，處理”；press“壓，按，推”；proceed“進(jìn)行，發(fā)生”。句意：經(jīng)過(guò)一年的協(xié)商，歡慶活動(dòng)準(zhǔn)備工作現(xiàn)在正在順利進(jìn)行。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

13.單選題

Theseancientruinsaretheonlymemoryleftofamightyking.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.greedy

B.powerful

C.stern

D.hasty

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。mighty表示“有力的，強(qiáng)有力的”；A項(xiàng)greedy“貪婪的，渴望的”，B項(xiàng)powerful“有力的”，C項(xiàng)stern“嚴(yán)厲的，堅(jiān)定的”，D項(xiàng)hasty“輕率的，匆忙的”。句意：這些古老的廢墟是一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的國(guó)王僅存的記憶。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Withitscommoninterestinlawbreakingbutitsimmenserangeofsubject-matterandwidely-varyingmethodsoftreatment,thecrimenovelcouldmakealegitimateclaimtoberegardedasaseparatebranchofliterature,or,atleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.

Thedetectivestoryisprobablythemostrespectable(atanyrateinthenarrowsenseoftheworD.ofthecrimespecies.Itscreationisoftentherelaxationofuniversityteachers,literaryeconomists,scientistsorevenpoets.Fatalitiesmayoccurmorefrequentlyandmysteriouslythanmightbeexpectedinpolitesociety,buttheworldinwhichtheyhappen,thevillage,seasideresort,collegeorstudio,isfamiliartous,ifnotfromourownexperience,atleastinthenewspaperorthelivesoffriends.Thecharacters,thoughnormallyrealizedsuperficially,areasrecognizablyhumanandconsistentasourlessintimateassociates.Astorysetinamoreremoteenvironment,Africanjungle,orAustralianbush,ancientChinaorgas-litLondon,appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablyauthenticbackground.Theelaborate,carefullyassembledplot,despisedbythemodernintellectualcriticsandcreatorsofsignificantnovels,hasfoundrefugeinthemurdermystery,withitssprinklingofclues,itsspicingwithapparentimpossibilities,allwithappropriatesolutionsandexplanationsattheend.Withtheguiltofescapismfromreallifenagginggently,wesecretlyrevelintheunmaskingofevilbyavaguelysuper-humandetective,whoseesthroughanddispelsthecloudofsuspicionwhichhashoveredsounjustlyovertheinnocent.

Thoughitsvillainalsoreceiveshisrightfuldeserts,thethrillerpresentsalesscomfortableandcredibleworld.Thesequenceoffistfights,revolverduels,carcrashesandescapesfromgas-filledcellarsexhauststhereaderfarmorethanthehero,whosuffersfromatleasttwobrokenribs,oneblackeye,uncountablebraisesandahangover,canstillchaseandoverpoweranarmedvillainwiththephysiqueofawrestler.Hemovesdangerouslythroughaworldofruthlessgangs,brutality,aviciouslustforpowerandmoneyand,incontrasttothedetectivetale,withanear-omniscientarch-criminalwhosedefeatseemsalmostaccidental.Perhapswemissinthethrillerthesecurityofbeingsafelyledbyourimperturbableinvestigatorpastascoreofredherringsandblindavenuestoafinalgatheringofsuspectswhenanunchallengeableelucidationofallthathasbewilderedusisgivenandjusticeandgoodnessprevail.Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.

1.Thecrimenovelmayberegardedas（）.

2.Thecreati