考研考博-英語(yǔ)-吉林科技職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-吉林科技職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterroristwithagun,butthemanwiththeportablecomputerinbusinessclass.Inthelast15years,pilotshavereportedwellover100incidentsthatcouldhavebeencausedbyelectromagneticinterference.Thesourceofthisinterferenceremainsunconfirmed,butincreasingly,expertsarepointingtheblameatportableelectronicdevicessuchasportablecomputers,radioandcassetteplayersandmobiletelephones.

RTCA,anorganizationwhichadvisestheaviationindustry,hasrecommendedthatallairlinesbansuchdevicesfrombeingusedduring“critical”stagesofflight,particularlytake-offandlanding.Someexpertshavegonefurther,callingforatotalbanduringallflights.Currently,rulesonusingthesedevicesareleftuptoindividualairlines.Andalthoughsomeairlinesprohibitpassengersfromusingsuchequipmentduringtake-offandlanding,mostarereluctanttoenforceatotalban,giventhatmanypassengerswanttoworkduringflights.

Thedifficultyispredictinghowelectromagneticfieldsmightaffectanaircraft’scomputers.Expertsknowthatportabledevicesemitradiationwhichaffectsthosewavelengthswhichaircraftusefornavigationandcommunication.But,becausetheyhavenotbeenabletoreproducetheseeffectsinalaboratory,theyhavenowayofknowingwhethertheinterferencemightbedangerousornot.

Thefactthataircraftmaybevulnerabletointerferenceraisestheriskthatterroristsmayuseradiosystemsinordertodamagenavigationequipment.Asworrying,though,isthepassengerwhocan’theartheinstructionstoturnoffhisradiobecausethemusic’stooloud.

1.Thepassageismainlyabout（

）.

2.Whatissaidabouttheover100aircraftincidentsinthepast15years?

3.Fewairlineswanttoimposeatotalbanontheirpassengersusingelectronicdevicesbecause（

）

4.Whyisitdifficulttopredictthepossibleeffectsofelectromagneticfieldsonanairplane’scomputers?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anewregulationforallairlines

B.thedefectsofelectronicdevices

C.apossiblecauseofaircraftcrashes

D.effectivesafetymeasuresforairflight

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theymayhavebeencausedbythedamagetotheradiosystems

B.Theymayhavetakenplaceduringtake-offandlanding

C.Theywereprovedtohavebeencausedbythepassengers’portablecomputers

D.Theyweresuspectedtohaveresultedfromelectromagneticinterference

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theydon’tbelievethereissuchadangerasradiointerference

B.theharmfuleffectofelectromagneticinterferenceisyettobeproved

C.mostpassengersrefusetotakeaplanewhichbanstheuseofradioandcassetteplayers

D.theyhaveothereffectivesafetymeasurestofallbackon

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseitisextremelydangeroustoconductsuchresearchonanairplane

B.Becauseitremainsamysterywhatwavelengthsareliabletobeinterferedwith

C.Becauseresearchscientistshavenotbeenabletoproducethatsameeffectsinlabs

D.Becauseexpertslackadequateequipmenttodosuchresearch

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.isinfavorofprohibitingpassenger’useofelectronicdevicescompletely

B.hasoverestimatedthedangerofelectromagneticinterference

C.hasn’tformedhisownopiniononthisproblem

D.regardsitasunreasonabletoexerciseatotalbanduringflight

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章開篇第一句話點(diǎn)明主旨:Thebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterroristwithagun,butthemanwiththeportablecomputerinbusinessclass(如今航空公司面臨的最大的安全威脅可能不是持槍的恐怖分子，而是商務(wù)艙里帶著便攜式電腦的乘客)。故選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:Inthelast15years,pilotshavereportedwellover100incidentsthatcouldhavebeencausedbyelectromagneticinterference(在過去的15年中，飛行員報(bào)告說100多起事故可能由電磁干擾引起的)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段:mostarereluctanttoenforceatotalban,giventhatmanypassengerswanttoworkduringflights(由于許多乘客想在飛行期間工作，多數(shù)航空公司不愿意執(zhí)行全面禁令)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。第三段給出了原因:But,becausetheyhavenotbeenabletoreproducetheseeffectsinalaboratory,theyhavenowayofknowingwhethertheinterferencemightbedangerousornot.(由于他們無法在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中重現(xiàn)這些效應(yīng)，他們無法知道干擾是否有危險(xiǎn))。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。根據(jù)文章大意，可以看出作者的態(tài)度。

2.單選題

Pigeonisthecommonnameformembersofafamilyofbirds;smallerspeciesarecommonlyknownasdoves,butsizesofpigeonsanddoves().Thebirds,almostworldwideindistribution,aremostabundantinwarmregions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.surpass

B.transcend

C.overlap

D.join

【答案】C

【解析】句意：鴿子是鳥類的統(tǒng)稱;較小的種類通常被稱為鴿子，但是兩種鴿子的大小是差不多的。這種鳥類分布在世界各地，但大多都在溫暖地區(qū)。surpass超越，勝過；transcend超越，勝過；overlap重疊；join加入。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

3.單選題

Assoonasshecoulddosowithoutanappearanceofbeingrude,shepretendedto（）rose,andlefthimtherealone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.faint

B.urge

C.yawn

D.sink

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。faint“昏倒，變得昏迷”；urge“催促，推進(jìn)”；yawn“打哈欠”；sink“下沉”。句意：只要她可以這么做而又不顯得無禮時(shí)，她假裝打了個(gè)哈欠，然后起身，留下他獨(dú)自呆在那里。只有C項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.單選題

14.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sheisabsent-minded.

B.Sheisinhighspirits.

C.Sheisindifferent.

D.Sheiscompassionate.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Here’sanextrablanket.Letmetuckyouin.

M:You’resosweet.Whatisyourname?

W:MynameisAlice.I’llbeonshiftduringthedayforthenextfewdays.

Q:Whatcanbesaidofthewoman?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。對(duì)話中女士要給男士加一條毛毯，男士說：You’resosweet，可知女士非常熱心。

5.單選題

Thepolicemenwentintoaction（

）theyheardthealarm.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.promptly

B.directly

C.quickly

D.presently

【答案】B

【解析】句意:警察一聽到警報(bào)就馬上行動(dòng)了起來。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾檫B詞。分析題干可知,此處需填入連詞連接前后句子。只有B項(xiàng)directly能夠作連詞，表示“一…就…”。

6.單選題

ItoldhimthatIwould（

）himtoactformewhileIwasawayfromoffice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.identify

B.authorize

C.rationalize

D.justify

【答案】B

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。identify“確定；鑒定”；authorize“批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可；授權(quán)給”；rationalize“使……合理化”；justify“證明...是正當(dāng)?shù)?；替”。句意：我告訴他在我不在辦公室期間，我會(huì)授權(quán)他代表我。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.單選題

Thefirstsettlersfoundsomuchworktodothattheyhadlittletimefornostalgia.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.leisure

B.nosebleed

C.homesickness

D.hobbies

【答案】C

【解析】句意：第一批移民發(fā)現(xiàn)有這么多工作要做，他們沒有時(shí)間思念家鄉(xiāng)。nostalgia意為“懷舊，思鄉(xiāng)”。homesickness鄉(xiāng)愁。選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近。

8.單選題

Wewatchedtheshipuntilitbecameonlya（）inthedistance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.point

B.jar

C.dot

D.stove

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)point“要點(diǎn)；得分”；B選項(xiàng)jar“罐；廣口瓶”；C選項(xiàng)dot“點(diǎn)，圓點(diǎn)；嫁妝”；D選項(xiàng)stove“火爐；窯”。句意：我們一直看著輪船，直到它變成遠(yuǎn)處的一個(gè)圓點(diǎn)。根據(jù)前半句句意“我們一直看著輪船”以及until可知，C符合題意。

9.單選題

AccordingtoaUnitedStateslawpassedin1986,statesparticipatingindaylightsavingtime（）advancetheirclocksonehouronthelastSundayinApril.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conceptually

B.systematically

C.simultaneously

D.purposefully

【答案】C

【解析】conceptually概念地；systematically有系統(tǒng)地；simultaneously同時(shí)地；purposefully有目的地。句意：根據(jù)1986年通過的一項(xiàng)美國(guó)法律,在4月的最后一個(gè)星期天,參加夏令時(shí)的州同時(shí)把他們的時(shí)鐘撥快一個(gè)小時(shí)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

10.問答題

Inspiteof(A)hisaged(B)appearance,hismovementswereasspirited(C)asayoungman(D).

【答案】試題答案：D;ayoungman’s

【解析】考查比較級(jí)。as...as意為“與……一樣”，hismovements（他的動(dòng)作）不能與ayoungman（年輕人）進(jìn)行比較，應(yīng)與ayoungman’smovements比較，為了避免重復(fù)，此處可將ayoungman’smovements中的movements省略，改為ayoungman’s。

11.單選題

Ithasbeenknownformanydecadesthattheappearanceofsunspotsisroughlyperiodic,withanaveragecycleofelevenyears.Moreover,theincidenceofsolarflaresandthefluxofsolarcosmicrays,ultravioletradiation,andX-radiationallvarydirectlywiththesunspotcycle.Butaftermorethanacenturyofinvestigation,therelationoftheseandotherphenomena,knowncollectivelyasthesolar-activitycycle,toterrestrialweatherandclimateremainsunclear.Forexample,thesunspotcycleandthealliedmagnetic-polaritycyclehavebeenlinkedtoperiodicitiesdiscernedinrecordsofsuchvariablesasrainfall,temperature,andwinds.Invariably,however,therelationisweak,andcommonlyofdubiousstatisticalsignificance.

Effectsofsolarvariabilityoverlongertermshavealsobeensought.TheabsenceofrecordedsunspotactivityinthenoteskeptbyEuropeanobserversinthelateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturieshasledsomescholarstopostulateabriefcessationofsunspotactivityatthattime(aperiodcalledtheMaunderminimum).TheMaunderminimumhasbeenlinkedtoaspanofunusualcoldinEuropeextendingfromthesixteenthtotheearlynineteenthCenturies.TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,howeverespeciallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.Scientistshavealsosoughtevidenceoflong-termsolarperiodicitiesbyexaminingindirectclimatologicaldata,suchasfossilrecordsofthethicknessofancienttreerings.Thesestudies,however,failedtolinkunequivocallyterrestrialclimateandthesolar-activitycycleoreventoconfirmthecycle’spastexistence.

Ifconsistantandreliablegeologicalorarchaeologicalandclimatologicalevidencetracingthesolar-activitycycleinthedistantpastcouldbefound,itmightalsoresolveanimportantissueinsolarphysics:howtomodelsolaractivity.Currently,therearetwomodelsofsolaractivity.ThefirstsupposesthattheSun’sinternalmotions(causedbyrotationandconvection)interactwithitslarge-scalemagneticfieldtoproduceadynamo,adeviceinwhichmechanicalenergyisconvertedintotheenergyofamagneticfield.Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdrivesfromwouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.ThealternativeexplanationsupposesthattheSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldisaremnantofthefieldtheSunacquiredwhenitformed,andisnotsustainedagainstdecay.Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.Modemsolarobservationsspantooshortatimetorevealwhetherpresentcyclicalsolar-activityisalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,ormerelyatransientphenomenon.

1.Theauthorfocusesprimarilyon（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwomodelsofsolaractivityisaccurate?

3.Accordingtothepassage,lateseventeenth-andearlyeighteenth-centuryChineserecordsareimportantforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheargumentinfavorofthefirstmodelwouldbestrengthenedifwhichofthefollowingwerefoundtobetrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentingtwocompetingscientifictheoriesconcerningsolaractivityandevaluatinggeologicalevidenceoftencitedtosupportthem

B.givingabriefoverviewofsomerecentscientificdevelopmentsinsolarphysicsandassessingtheirimpactonfutureclimatologicalresearch

C.discussingthedifficultiesinvolvedinlinkingterrestrialphenomenawithsolaractivityandindicatinghowresolvingthatissuecouldhaveanimpactonourunderstandingofsolarphysics

D.outlinethespecificreasonswhyaprobleminsolarphysicshasnotyetbeensolvedandfaultingtheoverlytheoreticalapproachofmodernphysicists

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Inbothmodelscyclicalsolaractivityisregardedasalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,persistingwithlittlechangeoverbillionsofyears.

B.Tobothmodelsthesolar-activitycycleishypothesizedasbeingdependentonthelarge-scalesolarmagneticfield.

C.ToonemodeltheSun'smagneticfieldisthoughttoplayaroleincausingsolaractivity,whereasintheothermodelitisnot.

D.Inonemodelsolaractivityispresumedtobeunrelatedtoterrestrialphenomena,whereasintheothermodelsolaractivityisthoughttohaveobservableeffectsontheEarth.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheysuggestthatthedataonwhichtheMaunderminimumwaspredicatedwereincorrect.

B.TheysuggestthattheMaunderminimummightbevalidonlyforEurope.

C.Theyestablishtheexistenceofaspanofunusuallycoldweatherworldwideatthetimeofthefounderminimum.

D.TheyestablishthatsolaractivityatthetimeoftheMaunderminimumdidnotsignificantlyvaryfromitspresentpattern.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Episodesofintensevolcaniceruptionsinthedistainpastoccurredincycleshavingverylongperiodicities.

B.Atthepresenttimethegloballevelofthunderstormactivityincreasesanddecreasesincycleswithperiodicitiesofapproximately11years.

C.Inthelastcenturythelengthofthesunspotcyclehasbeenknowntovarybyasmuchas2yearsfromitsaverageperiodicityof11years.

D.Hundredsofmillionsofyearsago,solar-activitycyclesdisplayedthesameperiodicitiesasdopresent-daysolar-activitycycles.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“指出有關(guān)太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的兩種相對(duì)的科學(xué)理論并對(duì)其各自的地質(zhì)依據(jù)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)”，B選項(xiàng)“簡(jiǎn)要概述近期科學(xué)在太陽(yáng)物理學(xué)方面的發(fā)展并且就他們對(duì)未來氣候研究的影響做出評(píng)價(jià)”，C選項(xiàng)“討論將地球上的各種現(xiàn)象與太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)聯(lián)系起來的困難性并指出問題的解決方法影響著我們對(duì)太陽(yáng)物理活動(dòng)的理解”，D選項(xiàng)“概述有關(guān)太陽(yáng)物理的問題之所以一直沒解決的原因并且對(duì)現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)家過度理論化的方法進(jìn)行指責(zé)”，根據(jù)文章大意可以推斷出C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章對(duì)太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的兩種模式的介紹主要集中在文章的第三段。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.”“簡(jiǎn)而言之，太陽(yáng)大范圍的磁場(chǎng)是自給自足的，因此與之相關(guān)的太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周期將會(huì)在幾十億年內(nèi)維持基本不變”可知在第一種模式中，太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的周期是與太陽(yáng)大范圍的磁場(chǎng)相關(guān)的并且太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周期是可以長(zhǎng)期維持基本不變的。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.”“在這種模式中，與太陽(yáng)磁場(chǎng)相關(guān)的太陽(yáng)機(jī)制變化更快，因此，太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周期的特點(diǎn)也會(huì)在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間后有所變化”可知在第二種模式中太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的周期也是和太陽(yáng)磁場(chǎng)相關(guān)的，但是太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周期是會(huì)有所變化的。所以A選項(xiàng)‘在這兩個(gè)模型中，周期性的太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)被認(rèn)為是太陽(yáng)的一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期特征，在數(shù)十億年的時(shí)間里幾乎沒有變化?！虲選項(xiàng)‘在一個(gè)模型中，太陽(yáng)磁場(chǎng)被認(rèn)為是導(dǎo)致太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的一個(gè)因素，而在另一個(gè)模型中則不是?！礤e(cuò)誤，D選項(xiàng)文章中沒有體現(xiàn)，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,howeverespeciallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.”“太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)極小期的真實(shí)性還有待考證，特別是中國(guó)當(dāng)時(shí)肉眼觀察到的太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的記錄又與其相矛盾”確定A選項(xiàng)‘他們認(rèn)為,蒙德極小期的數(shù)據(jù)是建立不正確的?！项}意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.”“簡(jiǎn)而言之，太陽(yáng)大范圍的磁場(chǎng)是自給自足的，因此與之相關(guān)的太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周期將會(huì)在幾十億年內(nèi)維持基本不變”確定D選項(xiàng)“數(shù)億年前太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的周期性特征和如今太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的周期性相同”是對(duì)第一種模式的支持。

12.單選題

ThedominantmodelofAmericanlegaleducationremainsoneinwhichstudentsaretaughthowtoargueaggressively,withnoquartergivenortaken,andhowtofightanopposingviewpointwith（）technicalskill.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.programmed

B.un-programmed

C.uncompromising

D.promising

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。programmed“程序化的”；un-programmed“非程序化的”；uncompromising“不妥協(xié)的，堅(jiān)定的”；promising“有希望的，有前途的”。句意：美國(guó)法律教育的主導(dǎo)模式仍然是這樣一種模式:學(xué)生們被教導(dǎo)如何進(jìn)行激烈的辯論，不退縮也不接受對(duì)方的憐憫，以及如何以毫不妥協(xié)的技巧與對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行斗爭(zhēng)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.問答題

Iwasfinallyabletoconvincehimofitsvalue.(Ifinallysucceeded)

【答案】Ifinallysucceededinconvincinghimofitsvalue.

14.單選題

Whenyoutakemedicine,becarefulnotto___thatamountprintedonthebottle.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceed

B.substitute

C.exert

D.surpass

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exceed“超過；勝過（超過什么數(shù)量或者超過法律、命令等的限制）”；B選項(xiàng)substitute“替代”；C選項(xiàng)exert“運(yùn)用，發(fā)揮；施以影響”；D選項(xiàng)surpass“超越（比某人或某事物做得更好）；勝過，優(yōu)于；非……所能辦到或理解”。句意：當(dāng)你服藥時(shí)，注意不要___瓶子上印著的量。本句表達(dá)“超過印的數(shù)量”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

For150yearsscientistshavetriedtodeterminethesolarconstant,theamountofsolarenergythatreachestheEarth.Yet，eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.

Withtheadventofsatellites,however,scientistshavefinallybeenabletomeasuretheSun’soutputwithoutbeingimpededbytheEarth'satmosphere.SolarMax.asatellitefromthe

NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA),hasbeenmeasuringtheSun'soutputsinceFebruary1980.Althoughamalfunctioninthesatellite'scontrolsystemlimiteditsobservationforafewyears,thesatellitewasrepairedinorbitbyastronautsfromthespaceshufflein1984.Max’sobservationsindicatethatthesolarconstantisnotreallyconstantafterall.

Thesatellite'sinstrumentshavedetectedfrequent，smallvariationsintheSun’senergyoutputgenerallyamountingtonomorethan0.05percentoftheSun'smeanenergyoutputandlastingfromafewdaystoafewweeks.ScientistsbelievethesefluctuationscoincidewiththeappearanceanddisappearanceoflargegroupsofsunspotsonthesunspotsarerelativelydarkregionsontheSun’ssurfacethathavestrongmagneticfieldsandatemperatureabout2.000degreesFahrenheitcoolerthantherestoftheSun'ssurface.Particularlylargefluctuationsinthesolarconstanthavecoincidedwithsightingsoflargegroups,in1980，forexample.SolarMax'sinstrumentsregistereda0.3percentdropinthesolarenergyreachingtheEarth.Atthattimeasunspotgroupcoveredabout0.6percentofthesolardisk,anarea20timeslargerthantheEarth’ssurface.

Long-termvariationsinthesolarconstantaremoredifficulttodetermine.AlthoughSolarMax’sdatahaveindicatedsslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput.Somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadrop,inthesolarconstant.Thispossibilitywasdismissed;however,bycomparingsolarMax'sobservationswithdatafromasimilarinstrumentoperatingonNASA’sNimbus7weathersatellitesince1978.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormention“gas"and“dust”inline3?

3.Accordingtothepassage,scientistsbelievevariationsinthesolarconstantarerelatedto（）.

4.WhydidscientiststhinkthatSolarMaxmightbegivingunreliableinformation?

5.Theattempttodescribethesolarconstantcanbestbedescribedas（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thelaunchingofaweathersatellite.

B.ThecomponentsoftheEarth’satmosphere.

C.Themeasurementofvariationsinthesolarconstant.

D.Theinteractionofsunlightandairpollution.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theymagnifythesolarconstant.

B.Theyarefoundinvaryingconcentrations.

C.Scientificequipmentisminedbygasanddust

D.Theyinterferewithaccuratemeasurementofthesolarconstant.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.sunspotactivity

B.unusualweatherpatterns

C.increasedlevelsofdust

D.fluctuationsintheEarth'stemperature

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.SolarMaxdidnotworkforthefirstfewyears.

B.ThespaceshuttlecouldnotfixSolarMax'sinstruments.

C.SolarMax’sinstrumentwasgettingold.

D.Nimbus7interferedwithSolar.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.anongoingresearcheffort

B.anissuethathasbeenresolved

C.aquestionthatcanneverbeanswered

D.historicallyinteresting,butirrelevanttocontemporaryconcerns

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由第一段“For150yearsscientistshavetriedtodeterminethesolarconstant,theamountofsolarenergythatreachestheEarth.Yet，eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.150年來，科學(xué)家們一直試圖確定太陽(yáng)常數(shù)，即到達(dá)地球的太陽(yáng)能總量。然而，即使在地球上最無云的地區(qū)，太陽(yáng)常數(shù)也無法精確測(cè)量?！笨芍疚牡闹黝}是solarconstant太陽(yáng)常數(shù)，主要討論太陽(yáng)常數(shù)的測(cè)量問題。故C項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。Yet，eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.而，即使在地球上最無云的地區(qū)，太陽(yáng)常數(shù)也無法精確測(cè)量。大氣中的氣體分子和塵埃顆粒吸收和散射陽(yáng)光，阻止某些波長(zhǎng)的光到達(dá)地面。所以作者提到氣體分子和塵埃顆粒是想說明這兩者阻礙了對(duì)太陽(yáng)常數(shù)的精確測(cè)量。故D項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段“ScientistsbelievethesefluctuationscoincidewiththeappearanceanddisappearanceoflargegroupsofsunspotsonthesunspotsarerelativelydarkregionsontheSun’ssurfacethathavestrongmagneticfieldsandatemperatureabout2,000degreesFahrenheitcoolerthantherestoftheSun'ssurface.科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，這些波動(dòng)與太陽(yáng)黑子上大群太陽(yáng)黑子的出現(xiàn)和消失相吻合。太陽(yáng)黑子是太陽(yáng)表面上相對(duì)黑暗的區(qū)域，具有很強(qiáng)的磁場(chǎng)，溫度比太陽(yáng)表面的其他部分低2000華氏度。可知太陽(yáng)常數(shù)的波動(dòng)與太陽(yáng)黑子的活動(dòng)有關(guān)，故A項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。由最后一段“AlthoughSolarMax’sdatahaveindicatedsslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput.Somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadrop,inthesolarconstant.盡管太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)極大期的數(shù)據(jù)顯示太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)緩慢而穩(wěn)定地減少。一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，隨著時(shí)間的推移，該衛(wèi)星的老化探測(cè)器可能變得不那么敏感，從而錯(cuò)誤地顯示出太陽(yáng)常數(shù)的下降。可知由于衛(wèi)星的老化有可能使得探測(cè)不敏感，所以科學(xué)家認(rèn)為太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)極大期的信息可能不準(zhǔn)確。故C項(xiàng)正確，

5.文章最后一段講了對(duì)于太陽(yáng)常數(shù)的研究已經(jīng)展開，這是項(xiàng)復(fù)雜而艱巨的工程，需要持續(xù)不斷的研究和努力。故A項(xiàng)正確。

16.寫作題

Writeanessayofatleast350wordsbasedonthefollowingpassageexcerptedfromanessaywrittenbyRalphWaldoEmerson.Yourwritingshouldinclude1)theauthor’sidea,2)yourargumentsand3)supportingdetails.Youshouldprovideatitleforyouressay.

...thesame...criticismmaybetracedintheeffortsforthereformofEducation.Thepopulareducationhasbeentaxedwithawantoftruthandnature.Itwascomplainedaneducationtothingswasnotgiven.Wearestudentsofwords:weareshutupinschools,andcolleges,andrecitationrooms,fortenorfifteenyears,andcomeoutatlastwithabagofwind,amemoryofwords,anddonotknowathing.Wecannotuseourhands,oroureyes,orourarms.Wedonotknowanediblerootinthewoods,wecannottellourcoursebythestars,northehourofthedaybythesun.Itiswellifwecanswimandskate....TheoldEnglishrulewas,“Allsummerinthefield,andallwinterinthestudy.”Thelessonsofscienceshouldbeexperimentalalso.Thesightoftheplanetthroughatelescopeisworthallthecourseonastronomy:theshockoftheelectricsparkintheelbow,out-valuesallthetheories;thetasteofthenitrousoxide,thefiringofanartificialvolcano,arebettervolumeofchemistry.

【答案】【略】

17.單選題

Manoftenwondershowtheearthevolvedfromahot,violentbirthtothecelebratedwateryplanetthat_______inpicturesfromspace.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.standsfor

B.standsby

C.standsup

D.standsout

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“standsfor”意為“代表；意味著”；B選項(xiàng)“standsby”意為“支持；袖手旁觀；準(zhǔn)備；站在旁邊”；C選項(xiàng)“standsup”意為“站起來；堅(jiān)持；豎立；站得住腳；擁護(hù)”；D選項(xiàng)“standsout”意為“突出；杰出；堅(jiān)持到底；堅(jiān)決反對(duì)”。句意：人們常常想知道地球是如何從一個(gè)炙熱、狂暴的誕生演變成這個(gè)著名的含水星球，并從太空照片中脫穎而出的。由題干可知，inpicturesfromspace（在太空照片中），說明從太空層面來看，地球與其他星球截然不同，是個(gè)含水的星球，由此脫穎而出。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.單選題

Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketopandemicflutoclimatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto.

Butsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossilrecordshowsthatmanyspecieshaveenduredformillionsofyears—sowhyshouldn’twe?Takeabroaderlookatourspecies’placeintheuniverse,anditbecomesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchanceofsurvivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears(see“100,000AD:Livinginthedeepfuture”).LookupHomosapiensintheIUCN’s“RedList”ofthreatenedspecies,andyouwillread:"ListedasLeast

Concernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline.”

Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?Agrowingnumberofresearchersandorganizationsarenowthinkingseriouslyaboutthatquestion.Forexample,theLongNowFoundation,basedinSanFrancisco,hascreatedaforumwherethinkersandscientistsareinvitedtoprojecttheimplicationsoftheirideasoververylongtimescales.Itsflagshipprojectisamechanicalclock,burieddeepinsideamountaininTexas,thatisdesignedtostillbemarkingtimethousandsofyearshence.

Thentherearescientistswhoaregivingseriousconsiderationtotheideathatweshouldrecognizeanewgeologicalera:theAnthropocene.They,too,arepullingthecamerarightbackandaskingwhathumanity’simpactwillbeontheplanet-inthecontextofstratigraphictime.

Perhapsperversely,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture.Thepotentialevolutionoftoday’stechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,andit’sperhapsbestlefttoscience-fictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That’sonereasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture.

Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthatwecansaywithconsiderableassurance.Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenowidentifiedenoughofthelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanet,andourspecies,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendantswillfindthemselves.

Thislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticviewofourprospectsseemmorelikelytobeapassingfad.Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosy:whileourspeciesmayflourish,agreatmanyindividualsmaynot.Butwearenowknowledgeableenoughtomitigatemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceofearlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetocome.Thinkingaboutourplaceindeeptimeisagoodwaytofocusonthechallengesthatconfrontustoday,andtomakeafutureworthlivingin.

1.Ourvisionofthefutureusedtobeinspiredby（

）.

2.TheIUCN“RedList”suggeststhathumanbeingsare

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph5?

4.Toensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucialto

（

）.

5.AWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ourdesireforfulfillment

B.ourfaithinscienceandtechnology

C.ourawarenessofpotentialrisks

D.ourbeliefinequalopportunity

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.asustainedspecies

B.theworld’sdominantpower

C.athreattotheenvironment

D.amisplacedrace

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Archelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalstudies.

B.Technologyofferssolutionstosocialproblem.

C.Theinterestinsciencefictionisontherise.

D.OurImmediatefutureishardtoconceive.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.exploreourplanet'sabundantresources

B.adoptanoptimisticviewoftheworld

C.drawonourexperiencefromthepast

D.curbourambitiontoreshapehistory

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.UncertaintyaboutOurFuture

B.EvolutionoftheHumanSpecies

C.TheEver-brightProspectsofMankind

D.Science,TechnologyandHumanity

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。第一段指出:Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketopandemicflutoclimatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto(隨著我們對(duì)自身所面臨的各種從小行星碰撞到流感、氣候變化的威脅已更深入地了解，如今烏托邦(即理想中最美好的社會(huì))已變得過時(shí)。你甚至可能禁不住地去認(rèn)為人類幾乎沒有未來可期待)。因此可推知B項(xiàng)“我們相信科學(xué)和技術(shù)”正確。

2.判斷推理題。第二段中:ListedasLeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline(人類分布非常廣泛、適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)、數(shù)量正