考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽長(zhǎng)江職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽長(zhǎng)江職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

AgriculturalprogressprovidedthestimulusnecessarytosetoffeconomicexpansioninmedievalFrance.Aslongasthosewhoworkedthelandwerebarelyabletoensuretheirownsubsistenceandthatoftheirlandlords,allotheractivitieshadtobeminimal,butwhenfoodsurplusesincreased,itbecamepossibletoreleasemorepeopleforgovernmental,commercial,religiousandculturalpursuits.

However,notallthefundsfromtheagriculturalsurpluswereactuallyavailableforcommercialinvestment.Muchofthesurplus,intheformoffoodincreases,probablywenttoraisethesubsistencelevel;anadditionalamount,intheformofcurrencygainedfromthesaleoffood,wentintotheroyaltreasurytobeusedinwagingwar.AlthoughLouisVIIofFranceleviedalesscrushingtaxburdenonhissubjectsthandidEngland’sHenryII,LouisVIIdidspendgreatsumsonanunsuccessfulcrusade,andhisvassals—bothlayandecclesiastic—tookoverspendingwheretheirsovereignstopped.SurplusfundswereclaimedbothbytheChurchandbyfeudallandholders,whereuponcathedralsandcastlesmushroomedthroughoutFrance.

Thesimultaneousprogressofcathedralbuildingand,forinstance,vineyardexpansioninBordeauxillustratestheveryrealcompetitionforavailablecapitalbetweentheChurchandcommercialinterests;theformerproducedinestimablemoralandartisticriches,butthelatterhadastrongerimmediateimpactupongrossnationalproduct.Moreover,thoughallwarsbydefinitionaredefensive,thefrequentcrossingsofarmiesthatlivedoffthelandandimpartiallyburnedallthehutsandbarnsontheirpathconsumedconsiderableresources.

Sincedemandsontheagriculturalsurpluswouldhavevariedfromyeartoyear,wecannotpreciselycalculatetheirimpactonthecommercialgrowthofmedievalFrance.Butwemustbearthatimpactinmindwhenestimatingtheassetsthatwerelikelytohavebeenavailableforinvestment.Nodoubtcastleandcathedralbuildingwasnottotallybarrenofprofit(forthebuilders,thatis),anditproducedintangibledividendsofmaterialandmoralsatisfactionforthecommunity.Evenwarshandedbackafragmentofwhattheytook,atleasttoafew.Still,wecannotplaceonthesameplaneaprimarilydestructiveactivityandaconstructiveone,norexpectthesameresultsfromanewbelltowerasfromanewwatermill.Aboveall,medievalFrancehadlittleroomforinvestmentoverandabovethepreservationoflife.Grantedthatwarcostmuchlessthanitdoestoday,thattheChurchrenderedallsortsofeducationalandrecreationalservicesthatwereunobtainableelsewhere,andthatgovernmentwasfarlessdemandingthanisthemodernstate—nevertheless,formedievalmenandwomen,supportingcommercialdevelopmentrequiredconsiderableeconomicsacrifice.

1.Accordingtothepassage,agriculturalrevenuesinexcessoftheamountneededforsubsistencewereusedbymedievalkingsto（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasanimportantsourceofrevenueinmedievalFrance?

3.ThepassagesuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingwouldhavereducedtheassetsimmediatelyavailableforcommercialinvestmentinmedievalFrance?

I.Renovationofalargecathedral

II.Asharpincreaseinthebirthrate

III.AninvasionofFrancebyHenryII

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmorepeoplecouldentergovernmentandtheChurchinmedievalFrancebecause（

）.

5.Theauthorimpliesthatthereasonwecannotexpectthesameresultsfromanewbelltowerasfromanewwatermillisthat（

）.

6.Theauthorofthepassagemostprobablybaseshiscentralargumentonwhichofthefollowingtheoreticalassumptionsoftenmadebyeconomists?

7.TheauthorsuggeststhatcommercialexpansioninmedievalFrance“requiredconsiderableeconomicsacrifice”(lines59-60)primarilyforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

8.Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingyieldedthelowestdividendtomedievalmenandwomenrelativetoitscost?

9.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthecentralideaofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.patronizethearts

B.sponsorpublicrecreation

C.wagewar

D.buildcathedrals

E.fundpubliceducation

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Cheese

B.Wine

C.Wool

D.Oliveoil

E.Veal

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.IIIonly

B.IandIIonly

C.IandIIIonly

D.IIandIIIonly

E.I,II,andIII

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thenumberofindividuallandholdingsinheavilyagriculturalareaswasbeginningtoincrease

B.anincreaseinthevolumeofinternationaltradehadbroughtanincreaseinthepopulationofcities

C.adecreaseinwarfarehadallowedthekingtodecreasethesizeofthearmy

D.foodproducerscouldgrowmorefoodthantheyandtheirfamiliesneededtosurvive

E.landlordswereprosperingandthusweredemandingasmallerpercentageoftenants’annualyields

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.belltowersyieldanintangibledividend

B.belltowersprovidematerialsatisfaction

C.watermillscostmoretobuildthanbelltowers

D.watermillsdivertfundsfromcommerce

E.watermillsmightwellbedestroyedbywar

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.Differentpeopleshouldbetaxedinproportiontothebenefittheycanexpecttoreceivefrompublicactivity.

B.Perfectcompetitionexistsonlyinthecasewherenofarmer,merchant,orlaborercontrolsalargeenoughshareofthetotalmarkettoinfluencemarketprice.

C.Apopulationwealthyenoughtocutbackitsrateofconsumptioncanfunneltheresultingsavingsintothecreationofcapital.

D.Afull-employmenteconomymustalways,toproduceonegood,giveupproducinganothergood.

E.Thereisauniversaltendencyforpopulation,unlesscheckedbyfoodsupply,toincreaseinageometricprogression.

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.Cathedralscostmoretobuildandrebuildthandidcastles.

B.Thenumerouswarsfoughtduringtheperiodlefttheroyaltreasurybankrupt.

C.LouisVIIleviedamorecrushingtaxburdenonhissubjectsthandidHenryII.

D.Althoughmuchoftheavailablesurplushadbeendivertedintovineyardexpansion,thevineyardshadnotyetbeguntoproduce.

E.Althoughmorefoodwasbeingproduced,thesubsistencelevelwasnotveryfarabovetheminimumrequiredtosustainlife.

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.Warfare

B.Vineyardexpansion

C.Watermillconstruction

D.Castlebuilding

E.Cathedralbuilding

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.CommercialgrowthinmedievalFrancemaybeaccuratelycomputedbycalculatingthenumberofcastlesandcathedralsbuiltduringtheperiod.

B.CompetitionbetweentheChurchandthefeudalaristocracyforfundscreatedbyagriculturalsurplusdemonstrablyslowedtheeconomicgrowthofmedievalFrance.

C.Despitesuchburdensaswarandcapitalexpansionbylandholders,commerceinmedievalFranceexpandedsteadilyastheagriculturalsurplusincreased.

D.FundsactuallyavailableforcommerceinmedievalFrancevariedwiththedemandsplacedontheagriculturalsurplus.

E.ThesimultaneousprogressofvineyardexpansionandbuildinginmedievalFrancegivesevidenceofarapidlyexpandingeconomy.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:E

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:E

第8題:A

第9題:D

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“inexcessoftheamount”“subsistence”,將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文第二段第二句?！癕uchofthesurplus,intheformoffoodincreases,probablywenttoraisethesubsistencelevel;anadditionalamount,intheformofcurrencygainedfromthesaleoffood,wentintotheroyaltreasurytobeusedinwagingwar.（以糧食增長(zhǎng)形式出現(xiàn)的大部分盈余，很可能用于提高生活水平；又有因賣糧所得的銀錢，用以打仗。）”即可得出本題答案。

2.

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。定位原文第三段。根據(jù)“vineyardexpansioninBordeauxillustratestheveryrealcompetitionforavailablecapitalbetweentheChurchandcommercialinterests（波爾多葡萄園的擴(kuò)張表明，教會(huì)和商業(yè)利益之間對(duì)可用資本的爭(zhēng)奪非常激烈）”即可得出本題答案。

3.

事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“commercialinvestment”“medievalFrance”，將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文第三段。根據(jù)“theformerproducedinestimablemoralandartisticriches”“thoughallwarsbydefinitionaredefensive,thefrequentcrossingsofarmiesthatlivedoffthelandandimpartiallyburnedallthehutsandbarnsontheirpathconsumedconsiderableresources.”從而得出本題答案。

4.事實(shí)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“entergovernmentandtheChurch”,將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文第一段最后一句?！癆slongasthosewhoworkedthelandwerebarelyabletoensuretheirownsubsistenceandthatoftheirlandlords,allotheractivitieshadtobeminimal,butwhenfoodsurplusesincreased,itbecamepossibletoreleasemorepeopleforgovernmental,commercial,religiousandculturalpursuits.（只要那些耕種土地的人勉強(qiáng)能夠保證他們自己和他們的地主的生存，所有其他活動(dòng)都必須盡量減少，但是，當(dāng)糧食盈余增加時(shí)，就有可能釋放更多的人從事政府、商業(yè)、宗教和文化活動(dòng)。）”即可得出本題答案。

5.

事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“newbelltower”“newwatermill”,將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文第四段第五句。根據(jù)第四段第三句，“Nodoubtcastleandcathedralbuildingwasnottotallybarrenofprofit(forthebuilders,thatis),anditproducedintangibledividendsofmaterialandmoralsatisfactionforthecommunity.（毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，城堡和大教堂的建設(shè)并不是完全沒(méi)有利潤(rùn)（也就是說(shuō)，對(duì)建筑者來(lái)說(shuō)），它為社會(huì)帶來(lái)了無(wú)形的物質(zhì)和道德滿足的紅利。）”即可得出本題答案。

6.

細(xì)節(jié)推理題。通讀全文，可知作者的核心觀點(diǎn)與選項(xiàng)C的表述最為吻合。從而得出本題答案。

7.

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“requiredconsiderableeconomicsacrifice”,將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文最后一段最后一句，“Grantedthatwarcostmuchlessthanitdoestoday,thattheChurchrenderedallsortsofeducationalandrecreationalservicesthatwereunobtainableelsewhere,andthatgovernmentwasfarlessdemandingthanisthemodernstate—nevertheless,formedievalmenandwomen,supportingcommercialdevelopmentrequiredconsiderableeconomicsacrifice.”即可得出本題答案。

8.

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。通讀全文，能發(fā)現(xiàn)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)（戰(zhàn)事）對(duì)中世紀(jì)人們的影響最大。從而得出本題答案。

9.

主旨大意題。通讀全文，發(fā)現(xiàn)本文多次提及的關(guān)鍵詞為“agriculturalsurplus”“Fundsavailableforcommerce”“medievalFrance”，從而得出本題的答案。

2.單選題

EnglishTestinDoctorialentranceexaminationisdesignedtoobservetheexaminees’English（

）

inreading,writing,andtranslating.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.proficiency

B.persistency

C.consistency

D.sufficiency

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查同形詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)proficiency“精通，熟練”；B選項(xiàng)persistency“持續(xù)，固執(zhí)”；C選項(xiàng)consistency“一致性”；D選項(xiàng)sufficiency“足量，充足”，根據(jù)文中關(guān)鍵詞“test考試”和“observe觀察，評(píng)論”可知proficiency最合適，句意為：博士英語(yǔ)入學(xué)考試旨在測(cè)試受測(cè)者的讀寫(xiě)和翻譯的熟練度。故正確答案選A。

3.單選題

Youhavemadethemistakeofthinkingthathisbehavioris（

）;actually,veryfewofhisgroupbehavethatwayhedoes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.generic

B.viable

C.idiosyncratic

D.soporific

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。generic“一般的”；viable“可行的，能養(yǎng)活的”；idiosyncratic“特殊的，特質(zhì)的”；soporific“催眠的”。句意：你認(rèn)為他的行為很普通，實(shí)際上，他們小組其他成員都不會(huì)像他那樣做。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

Itwasrecommendedthatthey____forthedoctor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wait

B.wouldwait

C.waited

D.shouldhavewaited

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.wait等待B.wouldwait等待

C.waited等待D.shouldhavewaited等待

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】虛擬語(yǔ)氣

【解題思路】本題考查的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用情況之一：表示建議、命令、主張、目的和愿望等的主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句通常使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其形式為should+動(dòng)詞原形，其中should可以省略。本題為表示建議的主語(yǔ)從句，空格處所填的內(nèi)容為從句的謂語(yǔ)，因此需要使用“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”，A選項(xiàng)wait“等待”符合要求。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合該虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)要求。

【句意】有人建議他們等醫(yī)生。

5.單選題

Everyoneknowsthatthespeedofanairplane___thatofaship.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transplants

B.transfers

C.transcends

D.transforms

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.transplants移植B.transfers轉(zhuǎn)移

C.transcends勝過(guò)，超越D.transforms轉(zhuǎn)換

【考查點(diǎn)】形近詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處的that指代的是speed，也就是說(shuō)比較飛機(jī)與船的速度。C選項(xiàng)transcends“勝過(guò)，超越”符合句子邏輯。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】大家都知道飛機(jī)的速度快于輪船的速度。

6.單選題

Manywell-educatedpeopledon’tbelievethat（

）willendangerfreedomofspeech.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.censership

B.censureship

C.sensorship

D.censorship

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有選項(xiàng)D這個(gè)單詞是存在的，censorship“審查制度”。句意：很多受過(guò)良好教育的人認(rèn)為審查制度不會(huì)危及言論自由。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

Thestatistics（）thatlivingstandardsintheareahaveimproveddrasticallyinrecenttimes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.proves

B.isproving

C.areproving

D.prove

【答案】D

【解析】句意:這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)表明這個(gè)地方的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在最近已經(jīng)徹底地改善。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)為statistics(數(shù)據(jù)(復(fù)數(shù))),句意為“數(shù)據(jù)表明”,因此此處應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選D。

8.單選題

Congressrecognizedthemoremoneyforbettereducationandjobtrainingis（）tocompetitiveness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adaptable

B.applicable

C.crucial

D.cryst

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adaptable“適合的，可修改的”；B選項(xiàng)applicable“可應(yīng)用的，合適的”；C選項(xiàng)crucial“重要的”；D選項(xiàng)cryst“結(jié)晶的”。句意：國(guó)會(huì)意識(shí)到，為改善教育和職業(yè)培訓(xùn)提供更多資金對(duì)提高競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力至關(guān)重要。本句表示“提供資金給教育和職業(yè)培訓(xùn)對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的作用”，經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)決定上層建筑，一般都有很重要的作用，C選項(xiàng)crucial“重要的”符合句意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Sheis（）tothecostuntiltragedyaltersherlifeandthelivesofthosearoundher.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ignorant

B.oblivious

C.unaware

D.unmindful

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ignorant“無(wú)知的，愚昧的”；B選項(xiàng)oblivious“健忘的，不注意的”；C選項(xiàng)unaware“未察覺(jué)的”；D選項(xiàng)unmindful“漫不經(jīng)心的”。句意：直到悲劇改變了她和周圍人的生活，她才意識(shí)到代價(jià)的存在。能和介詞to搭配的只有B選項(xiàng)，beobliviousto是固定搭配，意為“不在意的；不以為意的”，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

10.填空題

deed

continue

keep

consistent

evade

greet

barrier

when

collaborative

share

earn

belief

partourselves

but

Inmanyways,trustisthegluethatholdsustogether,inturnmakingourinteractionsworkmoresmoothly.WebuyandsellthingstootherpeopleviaeBayandthetransactionisbasedontrust.Wegetintootherpeople’scarswithaservicelikeUberorletstrangersstayinourhomeswithAirbnb,andthatrequirestakingabigleapoffaith.Weprovideverypersonaldataabout（1）tocompanieslikeFitbitorAppleandtrustthattheywill（2）thedatasafeandsecure.Weworkin（3）teamsinourofficesandtrustthatourcolleagueswillpulltheirweightanddogoodwork.Almosteverytimeweinteractwithoneanotheritcomeswithacertainamountof（4）thatthepeopleorbusinesseswedealwitharetrustworthy.Buttrustis（5）throughhardworkandactions,notsimplygoodintentions.Demonstratingtrustworthinesshastobe（6）oftheveryDNAofacompany.Itmustbeprovennotonlybywordbutalsoby（7）,fromtheboardroomandexecutiveteamthroughtotheshopfront,thefactoryfloor,andthepersonwho（8）staffandclientsastheywalkthroughthedoors.

Oneofthebiggest（9）tobuildingtrustissecrecyordissembling.Nodoubt,somethingsmustbekeptconfidentialinbusiness（10）therearewaysacompanycanbeclearaboutitspracticeswithoutrevealingconfidentialinformation.Ifyouwantpeopletotrustyouoryourcompany,youmustbewillingto（11）atleastsomeoftheinformationthatfeedsintothedecisionsyouaremaking.Transparencyisparticularlyimportant（12）thereisaneedtorebuildtrust.Forexample,thebankingsectorhasrecentlymadebigstatementsaboutimpendingreform,buttheirconduct（13）toruncountertothemanypromisesthatweremade.Mostrecentlywe’veseenthebankhittingtheheadlinesforallegedlyaidingitsclientsto（14）payingtax.Thispatternofbehaviorcontinuestoerodetrust,andrebuildingitbecomesmoredifficultovertime.Peopleneedtoseerealand（15）actionandknowthatthepeoplewhoareresponsibleformaleficenceandoversightareactuallyheldtoaccountandthatbusinesspracticesactuallychangeasaresult.Eventhen,itwilltaketimeandconcertedefforttorebuildthetrustlostbyrecklessactioninthepast.

【答案】1.ourselves

2.keep

3.collaborative

4.belief

5.earned

6.part

7.deed

8.greets

9.barriers

10.but

11.share

12.when

13.hascontinued

14.evade

15.consistent

【解析】1.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前“Weprovideverypersonaldata…”，我們提供非常私人的信息，可判斷出這些信息是與我們自己相關(guān)的。所以單詞“ourselves我們自己”符合文意。

2.上下文理解。上文提到我們把一些非常私人的信息給一些公司，所以是相信這些公司會(huì)使數(shù)據(jù)保持安全可靠。單詞“keep保持”符合文意。

3.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格后“…andtrustthatourcolleagueswillpulltheirweightanddogoodwork.”，可知我們相信我們的同事會(huì)盡心盡力地工作，這是基于上文提到的各團(tuán)隊(duì)的互相協(xié)作。單詞“collaborative協(xié)作的”符合文意。

4.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格后文“…thepeopleorbusinesseswedealwitharetrustworthy.”，我們與之打交道的企業(yè)和個(gè)人都是值得信賴的，可知上文要表達(dá)的意思為“幾乎每次我們和別人交流時(shí)，都要帶著一定的信任?！眴卧~“belief信任”符合文意。

5.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格后文“…throughhardworkandactions,notsimplygoodintentions.”，可知信任是通過(guò)努力工作和行動(dòng)而不是僅僅憑好意而獲得的。單詞“earned贏得，獲得”符合文意。

6.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Demonstratingtrustworthinesshastobe…oftheveryDNAofacompany.”，可知證明自己具有可信度是一家公司基因的必須部分。單詞“part部分”符合文意。

7.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Itmustbeprovennotonlybywordbutalsoby…,fromtheboardroomandexecutiveteamthroughtotheshopfront”，可知可信賴度不僅僅通過(guò)言詞來(lái)證明，還是通過(guò)董事會(huì)、管理團(tuán)隊(duì)和店面等的實(shí)際行動(dòng)來(lái)證明的。單詞“deed行動(dòng)”符合文意。

8.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“…andthepersonwho…staffandclientsastheywalkthroughthedoors.”，可知這里指的是當(dāng)員工和顧客走過(guò)門時(shí)歡迎他們的人。單詞“greet”符合文意。根據(jù)先行詞person為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故應(yīng)填入“greets歡迎”。

9.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Oneofthebiggest…tobuildingtrustissecrecyordissembling.”，可知保密和掩蓋是建立信任度最大的障礙之一。單詞“barrier”符合文意，又因?yàn)檎系K不止一個(gè)，故填入復(fù)數(shù)形式“barriers障礙”。

10.上下文理解。空格前“Nodoubt,somethingsmustbekeptconfidentialinbusiness…”，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，在商業(yè)中有些事情必須保密……空格后繼續(xù)提到有一些方法可以讓公司在不泄露機(jī)密信息的情況下清楚地說(shuō)出自己的做法。前后構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。單詞“but但是”符合題意。

11.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Ifyouwantpeopletotrustyouoryourcompany,youmustbewillingto…atleastsomeoftheinformationthatfeedsintothedecisionsyouaremaking.”，可知如果你想要人們信任你或者你的公司，你必須至少愿意分享一些你做決定的信息。單詞“share分享”符合文意。

12.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Transparencyisparticularlyimportant…thereisaneedtorebuildtrust.”，可知當(dāng)需要重新建立起信任的時(shí)候，透明度顯得尤其重要。單詞“when當(dāng)……時(shí)候”符合文意。

13.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Forexample,thebankingsectorhasrecentlymadebigstatementsaboutimpendingreform,buttheirconduct…toruncountertothemanypromisesthatweremade.”，可知銀行業(yè)最近就即將進(jìn)行的改革發(fā)表了重要聲明，但他們持續(xù)實(shí)施的行為違背了他們的承諾。單詞“continue繼續(xù)，持續(xù)”符合文意，又根據(jù)上文“hasrecentlymade”可判斷這里要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，故填入“hascontinued”。

14.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Mostrecentlywe’veseenthebankhittingtheheadlinesforallegedlyaidingitsclientsto…payingtax.”，可知最近，我們看到這家銀行因涉嫌幫助客戶逃稅而登上新聞?lì)^條。單詞“evade逃避，逃脫”符合文意。

15.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Peopleneedtoseerealand…actionandknowthatthepeoplewhoareresponsibleformaleficence…”人們需要看到真實(shí)并且始終如一的行動(dòng)并且知道是誰(shuí)該為一些罪行負(fù)責(zé)。單詞“consistent始終如一的”符合文意。

11.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,“Allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.”O(jiān)nesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.

Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromoristestedinanimals—nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,“ThenIwouldhavetosayyes.”Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,“Don’tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.”Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand.

Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother’shipreplacement,afather’sbypassoperation,ababy’svaccinations,andevenapet’sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.

Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould“adopt”middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothingthereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.

1.TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swordsto（）.

2.Misledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis（）.

3.Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic’s（）.

4.Theauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshould（）.

5.FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.callonscientiststotakesomeactions

B.criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrights

C.warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch

D.showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.cruelbutnatural

B.inhumanandunacceptable

C.inevitablebutvicious

D.pointlessandwasteful

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.discontentwithanimalresearch

B.ignoranceaboutmedicalscience

C.indifferencetoepidemics

D.anxietyaboutanimalrights

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.communicatemorewiththepublic

B.employhi-techmeansinresearch

C.feelnoshamefortheircause

D.strivetodevelopnewcures

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.awell-knownhumanist

B.amedicalpractitioner

C.anenthusiastinanimalrights

D.asupporterofanimalresearch

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:本題考查了考生對(duì)作者意圖的把握。定位到第一段，EdmundBurke這句話的意思是“好人的不作為就是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn)想要盛行所需要的所有條件”，可以看出這是在諷刺好人不去做出應(yīng)有的行為，再緊接著后文也提到“現(xiàn)在有一個(gè)組織他們呼吁不要用動(dòng)物來(lái)做實(shí)驗(yàn)，動(dòng)物也有自己的權(quán)利，而科學(xué)家必須采取行動(dòng)來(lái)回復(fù)這些人”，可以得出，作者的目的是呼吁科學(xué)家們行動(dòng)起來(lái)，因此答案為A。

第2題:本題是細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干中說(shuō)“tendtothink”提示我們答案可能在文中沒(méi)有直接體現(xiàn)，需要我們結(jié)合原文進(jìn)行推理，推理出這些被誤導(dǎo)的人們對(duì)于動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)是何種態(tài)度，題干關(guān)鍵詞就是“misledpeople”，可以幫我們定位到第一段，最后一句說(shuō)“當(dāng)人們聽(tīng)到醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)殘忍對(duì)待動(dòng)物的指控時(shí)，許多人都不明白為什么有人會(huì)故意傷害動(dòng)物”。第二段是一個(gè)具體的被誤導(dǎo)的祖母般的女士的例子，但是文中只是說(shuō)她反對(duì)用動(dòng)物來(lái)做研究。第三段最后一句非常關(guān)鍵：“對(duì)于他們來(lái)說(shuō)，動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)說(shuō)得好是浪費(fèi)，說(shuō)得不好是殘忍”。從以上的分析可以看出，受到誤導(dǎo)的人們認(rèn)為用動(dòng)物做研究是殘酷的、不可思議的。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，B最符合原文。A中雖然提到了“cruel”，但是“natural”不對(duì)，因?yàn)楸徽`導(dǎo)的人們不可能認(rèn)為那是普通的事情。C說(shuō)的是“不可避免的，但是邪惡的”，也不正確，因?yàn)槲恼轮袥](méi)有提到不可避免這個(gè)說(shuō)法。D項(xiàng)說(shuō)的是“毫無(wú)意義，浪費(fèi)的”，文中沒(méi)有提到毫無(wú)意義這個(gè)意思。

第3題:這也是一道作者意圖題，例子說(shuō)的是一位老太太向大家發(fā)傳單，呼吁大家不要用任何來(lái)自于動(dòng)物或在動(dòng)物身上試驗(yàn)過(guò)的東西。當(dāng)她被問(wèn)及是否反對(duì)使用疫苗時(shí)，老太太說(shuō)，若疫苗也來(lái)源于動(dòng)物，那么就不應(yīng)使用疫苗，流行病自有科學(xué)家們用計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)解決。可見(jiàn)老太太對(duì)科學(xué)的無(wú)知。而她的這種無(wú)知是很普遍的。作者在第二段最后一句話感嘆“這些好心人壓根兒就不明白”，所以答案為B。A說(shuō)的是公眾對(duì)動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)的不滿。但是，老太太的例子不僅是為了說(shuō)明這一點(diǎn)，這個(gè)例子反映的不僅是他們的不滿，更多的要透過(guò)現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，全文來(lái)看，作者的目的是為了指出公眾不滿的根源——對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)研究不了解，然后號(hào)召科學(xué)家們針對(duì)這個(gè)根源采取行動(dòng)。因此老太太的例子是為了反映公眾的無(wú)知。

第4題:這里考查的是作者的態(tài)度題，解答這類問(wèn)題時(shí)，考生需要代入作者的思維，從全文把握作者的感情色彩，作者對(duì)這個(gè)事件的看法，然后根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞去定位具體細(xì)節(jié)處。本題關(guān)鍵詞“challengefromanimalrightsadvocates”以及“sientitsshould”，解題線索可在最后兩段中找出。作者向科學(xué)家們提出的建議都是有助于他們與公眾更好的交流。答案很明顯是A。選項(xiàng)B、C以及D貌似合理，其實(shí)文中都沒(méi)有提到。

第5題:這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干問(wèn)我們StephenCooper是一個(gè)什么身份的人，我們根據(jù)人名定位到最后一段，我們可以找到線索“Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,…courageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.”，這句話告訴我們Cooper是個(gè)名人，同時(shí)也曾經(jīng)生病過(guò)，他是高度贊揚(yáng)過(guò)動(dòng)物研究的，因此，我們可以得出他是動(dòng)物研究的支持者。答案為D。

12.單選題

Atthreethousandfeet,wideplainsbegintoappear,andthereisneveramomentwhensomedistantmountainisnot（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onview

B.ataglance

C.onthescene

D.insight

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)onview“在展出，陳列著”；B選項(xiàng)ataglance“立刻，一眼就”；C選項(xiàng)onthescene“在場(chǎng)，出現(xiàn)，到場(chǎng)”；D選項(xiàng)insight“看得見(jiàn)，在視野內(nèi)”。分析“somedistantmountainisnot______”可知空格處的內(nèi)容作表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)somedistantmountain（遠(yuǎn)處的山脈），結(jié)合句意，可知D選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：在三千英尺的地方，寬闊的平原開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)了，而且時(shí)刻可以看得見(jiàn)遠(yuǎn)處的山脈。

13.單選題

Thehotel（

）only$50foradoubleroomintheslackseason.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.claims

B.prices

C.charges

D.demands

【答案】C

【解析】句意:在淡季，這家旅館的雙人間只需要50美元。

考查固定搭配。chargefor索價(jià),要價(jià)。

14.單選題

Youstareatwaterfallforaminuteortwo,andthenshiftyourgazetoitssurroundings.Whatyounowseeappearstodriftupward.Theseopticalillusionsoccurbecausethebrainisconstantlymatchingitsmodelofrealitytosignalsfromthebody’ssensorsandinterpretingwhatmustbehappening―thatyourbrainmusthavemoved,nottheother;thatdownwardmotionsisnownormal,soachangefromitmustnowbeperceivedasupwardmotion.

Thesensorsthatmakethismagicareoftwokinds.Eacheyecontainsabout120millionrods,whichprovidesomewhatblurryblackandwhitevision.Thesearethewindowsofnightvision;onceadaptedtothedark,theycandetectacandleburningtenmilesaway.

Colorvisionineacheyecomesfromsixtosevenmillionstructurescalledcones.Underidealconditions,everyconecan“see”theentirerainbowspectrumofvisiblecolors,butonetypeofconeismostsensitivetored,anothertogreen,athirdtoblue.

Rodsandconessendtheirmessagespulsinganaverage20to25times,persecondalongtheopticnerve.Weseeanimageforafractionofasecondlongerthanitactuallyappears.Inmovies,reelsofstillphotographsareprojectedontoscreensat24framespersecond,trickingoureyesintoseeingacontinuousmovingpicture.

Likeapparentmotion,colorvisionisalsosubjecttounusualeffects.Whendaygiveswaytonight,twilightbringswhatthepoetT.S.Eliotcalled“theviolethour”Alightlevelsfall,therodsbecomeprogressivelylessresponsive.Rodsaremostsensitivetotheshorterwavelengthsofblueandgreen,andtheyimpartastrangevividnesstothegarden'sblueflowers.

However,lookatawhiteshirtduringthereddishlightofsunset,andyou’llstillseeitinits“true”color―white,notred.Oureyesareconstantlycomparinganobjectagainstitssurroundings.Theythereforeobservetheeffectofashiftinthecolorofilluminatingonboth,andadjustaccordingly.

Theeyescandistinguishseveralmilliongraduationsoflightandshadeofcolor.Eachwakingsecondtheyflashtensofmillionsofpiecesofinformationtothebrain,whichweavesthemincessantlyintoapictureoftheworldaroundus.

Yetallthisisdoneatthebackofeacheyebyafabricofsensors,calledtheretina,aboutaswideandasthickasapostagestamp.AstheRenaissanceinventorandartistLeonardodaVinciwroteinwonder,“Whowouldbelievethatsosmallaspacecouldcontaintheimagesofalltheuniverse?”

1.Visualillusionsoftentakeplacewhentheimageofrealityis（

）.

2.Thevisualsensorthatiscapableofdistinguishingshadesofcoloriscalled

（

）.

3.Theretinasendpulsestothebrain

（

）.

4.Twenty-fourstillphotographsaremadeintoacontinuousmovingpicturejustbecause

（

）.

5.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassageliesin（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.matchedtosixtosevenmillionstructurescalledcones

B.confusedinthebody’ssensorsofbothrodsandcones

C.interpretedinthebrainaswhatmustbethecase

D.signaledbyabout120millionrodsintheeye

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.cones

B.colorvision

C.rods

D.spectrum

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.inshortwavelengths

B.ascolorpictures

C.byaganglioncell

D.alongtheopticnerve

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theimageweseeusuallystayslongerthanitactuallyappears

B.weseeanobjectincomparisonwithitssurroundings

C.theeyescatchmillionpiecesofinformationcontinuously

D.rodsandconessendmessages20to25timesasecond

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.showingthatwesometimesaredeceivedbyourowneyes

B.informingusaboutthedifferentfunctionsoftheeyeorgans

C.regrettingthatwearetooslowinthestudyofeyes

D.marvelingatthegreatworkdonebytheretina

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Theseopticalillusio