考研考博-英語-安徽長(zhǎng)江職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽長(zhǎng)江職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Factsthatmayseemlittleconsequenceatthetimemaylaterassume（）significanceatthetimewhenETSstaffmembersdecidewhetherturneractionisjustified.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.considerable

B.valuable

C.important

D.extensive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:considerable“相當(dāng)大的”；B:valuable“有價(jià)值的”；C:important“重要的”；D:extensive“廣闊的；廣大的”。句意：當(dāng)ETS的工作人員決定特納的行動(dòng)是否合理的時(shí)候，當(dāng)時(shí)似乎沒有什么后果的事實(shí)可能之后會(huì)產(chǎn)生很大的意義。本處表示“xxx的意義”，修飾名詞significance意義。因此A符合題意。

2.單選題

Whentheclasswasover,theywentbacktotheir（

）dormitories.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complacent

B.respectable

C.respective

D.respectful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。complacent意為“自滿的，自鳴得意的”；respectable意為“得體的，值得尊敬的”；respective意為“各自的，分別的”；respectful意為“有禮貌的”。

句意：下課后，他們回到各自的宿舍去了。

3.單選題

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotography’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.Inthenineteenthcentury,photography’sassociationwiththerealworldplaceditinanambivalentrelationtoart;lateinthetwentiethcentury,anambivalentrelationexistsbecauseoftheModernistheritageinart.Thatimportantphotographersarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart,showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensiousofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPoppaintingduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalModernistpainting—thatis,abstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,Kandinsky,andMatisse—presupposehighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart.Photography,likePoppainting,reassuresviewersthatartisnothard;photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.

Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity—inshort,anart.

1.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes‘theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism”astheauthorrepresentsitinPara.2?

3.TheauthorintroducesAbstractExpressionistpainters(Para.3)inorderto（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthereactionofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstothequestionofwhetherphotographyisanart?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthormostprobablyconsidersseriouscontemporaryphotographytobea（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineartafterthecontroversiesofthenineteenthcentury

B.identifyingthewaysthatrecentmovementsinpaintingandsculpturehaveinfluencedthetechniquesemployedbyseriousphotographers

C.explainingtheattitudesofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Mechanical

B.Paradoxical

C.Superficial

D.Dramatic

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.provideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodemart

B.callattentiontoartistswhoseworksoftenbearaphysicalresemblancetotheworksofseriouscontemporaryphotographers

C.setforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters

D.provideanexplanationofwhyseriousphotography,likeothercontemporaryvisualforms,isnotandshouldnotpretendtobeanart

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thephotographers*beliefthattheirrelianceonanimpersonalmachinetoproducetheirartrequiresthesurrenderoftheauthorityoftheirpersonalvision

B.Thephotographers'fearthatseriousphotographymaynotbeacceptedasanartbythecontemporaryartpublic

C.TheinfluenceofAbstractExpressionistpaintingandPopArtonthesubjectmatterofthemodemphotograph

D.Thephotographers'beliefthatthebestartissubversiveofartasithaspreviouslybeendefined

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.contemporaryartthatisstrugglingtobeacceptedasfineart

B.craftrequiringsensitivitybutbynomeansanart

C.modemartthatdisplaystheModernisttendencytotrytosubverttheprevailingaimsofart

D.modemartthatdisplaysthetendencyofallModernistarttobecomeincreasinglyformalandabstract

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.題目問作者的文章主要是關(guān)注什么。根據(jù)文章第一段首句Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotography’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.最早的關(guān)于攝影與藝術(shù)的關(guān)系的爭(zhēng)論主要集中在攝影對(duì)于外表的保真度和對(duì)機(jī)器的依賴是否能夠允許它成為一門藝術(shù)，有別于僅僅實(shí)用的美術(shù)。后文主要通過討論攝影是否是一門藝術(shù)這個(gè)問題，然后分析了論點(diǎn)雙方對(duì)于這個(gè)問題的態(tài)度。綜合分析后可知主要是分析了攝影師對(duì)待藝術(shù)的態(tài)度，C選項(xiàng)“揭示了嚴(yán)肅的當(dāng)代攝影師對(duì)于攝影作為藝術(shù)以及在歷史背景下的藝術(shù)態(tài)度”符合題意。A項(xiàng)意為“解釋了在十九世紀(jì)的爭(zhēng)議之后攝影是怎樣成作為美術(shù)出現(xiàn)的”；B項(xiàng)意為“鑒別在近期影響了被嚴(yán)肅的攝影師所采納的技術(shù)的繪畫和雕塑藝術(shù)中所用到的方式”；D項(xiàng)意為“定義嚴(yán)肅的當(dāng)代攝影師對(duì)他們的藝術(shù)所采取的各種方法和評(píng)估這些方法的價(jià)值”不符合，排除。

2.theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism意為“被現(xiàn)代主義的勝利所強(qiáng)加的藝術(shù)的概念”。A項(xiàng)意為“呆板的，機(jī)械的”；B項(xiàng)意為“矛盾的”；C項(xiàng)意為“表面的，膚淺的”；D項(xiàng)意為“引人注目的”。本句所在句子意為“重要的攝影家們不再愿意辯論攝影是或者不是一種藝術(shù)，除了聲稱他們自己的作品不再涉及藝術(shù)，表明了在多大程度上他們簡(jiǎn)單地認(rèn)為“被現(xiàn)代主義的勝利所強(qiáng)加的藝術(shù)的概念是理所當(dāng)然的”：藝術(shù)越好，越顛覆藝術(shù)的傳統(tǒng)目的。根據(jù)句意可知作者所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是‘矛盾的‘，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.題目問作者介紹抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家的目的。根據(jù)第三段第二句‘Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.例如，那些假設(shè)的攝影師，通過拍照，他們?cè)絹碓竭h(yuǎn)離以繪畫藝術(shù)的自命不凡提醒我們的抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家想象他們擺脫古典現(xiàn)代主義繪畫的知識(shí)緊縮專注于繪畫的物理行為?！芍髡咧饕窍肱e出這樣的例子，A選項(xiàng)“是為了舉出像嚴(yán)肅的現(xiàn)代攝影師那樣的藝術(shù)家，否認(rèn)傳統(tǒng)上公認(rèn)的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的目的”符合題意。

4.題目問哪一項(xiàng)最好地解釋了嚴(yán)肅的當(dāng)代攝影師對(duì)于攝影是否是一門藝術(shù)的反應(yīng)。根據(jù)文章最后一句Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity—inshort,anart.許多專業(yè)攝影人員私下里己經(jīng)開始擔(dān)心，攝影作為藝術(shù)活動(dòng)促進(jìn)顛覆傳統(tǒng)的自命不凡已經(jīng)走得太遠(yuǎn)，引起公眾忘記攝影是一種獨(dú)特的高活動(dòng)總之，是一種藝術(shù)。確定D選項(xiàng)“攝影師認(rèn)為最好的藝術(shù)是對(duì)藝術(shù)的顛覆，就像之前定義的那樣”正確。

5.題目問作者很可能認(rèn)為嚴(yán)肅的當(dāng)代攝影是一種……。A項(xiàng)意為“一種正努力要被認(rèn)可為美術(shù)的當(dāng)代藝術(shù)”；B項(xiàng)意為“一種要求敏感性的工藝，但絕不是藝術(shù)”；C項(xiàng)意為“顯示了現(xiàn)代主義的傾向，試圖顛覆主流的藝術(shù)目標(biāo)的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)”；D項(xiàng)意為“顯示所有的現(xiàn)代主義藝術(shù)的趨勢(shì)變得越來越正式和抽象的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)”。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容以及最后一段的闡述’thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythat...ofarthasgonesofar藝術(shù)越好，對(duì)傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)目標(biāo)的顛覆性就越大。許多專業(yè)人士私下里開始擔(dān)心……藝術(shù)已經(jīng)走了這么遠(yuǎn)’確定C選項(xiàng)“顯示了現(xiàn)代主義的傾向，試圖顛覆主流的藝術(shù)目標(biāo)的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)”正確。

4.單選題

AmericanandChineseculturesare（1）insomeways.AnAmericanhostess,（2）forherculinary(烹調(diào))skill,islikelytosay,“Oh,I’msogladyoulikedit.Icookeditespeciallyforyou.”NotsoaChinesehostess,whowillinstead（3）forgivingyounothingevenslightly（4）andfornotshowingyouenoughhonor（5）providingproperdishes.

Thesamerulesholdtrue（6）children.Americanparentsspeakproudlyoftheirchildren’sachievements,tellinghowJohnnymadetheschoolteamorJanemadethehonorroll.NotsoChineseparents,whosechildren,evenifatthetopoftheirschool,arealwaysso“naughty”,neverstudying,neverlisteningtotheirelders,andsoforth.

TheChinesetakepridein“modesty”;Americans（7）“straightforwardness”.ThismodestyhasleftmanyaChinesehungryatanAmericantable,forChinesepoliteness（8）threerefusalsbeforeoneacceptsanoffer,andAmericanhoststakea“no”tomean“non”,whetherit’sthefirst,second,orthirdtime.

Recently,amemberofadelegationsenttoChinabyalargeAmericancorporation,complainedtomeabouthowtheChinesehadaskedthemthreetimesiftheywouldbewillingtochangesomeproposal,andeachtimetheAmericanshadsaid“no”clearlyand（9）.MyfriendwasangrythattheChinesehadnottakenhiswordthefirsttime.Irecognizedtheproblemimmediatelyand（10）whytheAmericanshadnotstudieduponculturaldifferencebeforecomingtoChina.Itwouldhavesavedeveryonealotofperplexityandneedlessfrustrationintheirnegotiations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.similar

B.familiar

C.opposite

D.adverse

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.complimented

B.compiled

C.complemented

D.commented

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.praise

B.apologize

C.bedisappointed

D.besatisfied

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.eligible

B.illegible

C.suitable

D.edible

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.on

C.by

D.in

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.regardfor

B.regardas

C.regardlessof

D.withregardto

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.of

C.for

D.on

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.callson

B.callsfor

C.callsup

D.callsin

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.ambiguously

B.roughly

C.definitely

D.arbitrarily

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.believed

B.knew

C.cautioned

D.wondered

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:D

【解析】1.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)similar“相似的”；B選項(xiàng)familiar“熟悉的”；C選項(xiàng)opposite“相反的”；D選項(xiàng)adverse“不利的”。由后文可知此處的意思是美國和中國的文化在某些方面是不同的。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)complimented“稱贊”；B選項(xiàng)compiled“匯編”；C選項(xiàng)complemented“補(bǔ)足”；D選項(xiàng)commented“評(píng)論”。此處的意思是美國的女主人被稱贊廚藝不錯(cuò)時(shí)。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)praise“表揚(yáng)”；B選項(xiàng)apologize“道歉”；C選項(xiàng)bedisappointed“失望”；D選項(xiàng)besatisfied“滿意”。此處的意思是中國的主人會(huì)向你道歉。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)eligible“合格的”；B選項(xiàng)illegible“難辨認(rèn)的”；C選項(xiàng)suitable“適當(dāng)?shù)摹保籇選項(xiàng)edible“可食用的”。此處的意思是沒什么好吃的飯菜。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)for“為了”；B選項(xiàng)on“在……上面”；C選項(xiàng)by“通過”；D選項(xiàng)in“在……里面”。此處的意思是沒有提供適當(dāng)?shù)牟穗葋肀硎緦?duì)你的尊敬。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)regardfor“對(duì)……的注意”；B選項(xiàng)regardas“把……認(rèn)作”；C選項(xiàng)regardlessof“不顧”；D選項(xiàng)withregardto“關(guān)于”。此處的意思是這樣的規(guī)則在關(guān)于對(duì)待孩子的方面也有體現(xiàn)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.考查介詞辨析。takepridein“以……為傲”。此處對(duì)應(yīng)了前文的takepridein，表示美國人提倡坦率。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)callson“訪問”；B選項(xiàng)callsfor“要求”；C選項(xiàng)callsup“召集”；D選項(xiàng)callsin“召來”。此處的意思是中國人的禮貌要求他們?cè)诮邮苁裁礀|西之前，一定要推脫兩三回。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)ambiguously“含糊不清地”；B選項(xiàng)roughly“粗糙地”；C選項(xiàng)definitely“肯定地”；D選項(xiàng)arbitrarily“武斷地”。此處的意思是美國人清楚而絕對(duì)地說“不”。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)believed“相信”；B選項(xiàng)knew“知道”；C選項(xiàng)cautioned“警告”；D選項(xiàng)wondered“想知道”。此處的意思是想知道為什么這些美國人來中國前沒有提前了解一下中國不同的文化。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Thebasiccausesareunknown,althoughcertainconditionsthatmayleadtocancerhavebeen（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.identified

B.guaranteed

C.notified

D.conveyed

【答案】A

【解析】句意:盡管某些可能導(dǎo)致癌癥的情況已經(jīng)被證實(shí)，但是根本原因還不知道。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式。identify識(shí)別；辨認(rèn)；認(rèn)出；guarantee保證；擔(dān)保；notify通知；convey傳達(dá)；運(yùn)送。因此A項(xiàng)符合句意。

6.單選題

Inthislaw,______,“state”meansaterritoryorgroupofterritorieshavingitsownlawofnationality.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.otherwisethecontextrequires

B.unlessthecontextrequires

C.thecontextotherwise

D.unlessthecontextotherwiserequires

【答案】D

【解析】考查連詞和固定搭配。在法律英語中，unlessthecontextotherwiserequires“除上下文另有所指”經(jīng)常使用，Otherwise在這里是作為形容詞“另外的”使用；A選項(xiàng)缺少連詞，B選項(xiàng)“除非上下文要求”語義矛盾，C選項(xiàng)語義不完整；這句話句意是：在本條法令中，除上下文另有所指，“國家”指擁有自己的國籍法的一個(gè)領(lǐng)土或一組領(lǐng)土。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意，只有D項(xiàng)是通順且符合語法的。

7.單選題

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).

Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongasacleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsthescientistcontinuestoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.

Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable,hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.

Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes,forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse.Suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.

Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationsofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveryofonebitofinformationopensthedoortothediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago,howeveroneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries,theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.

1.Todefinesciencewemaysimplycallit（

）.

2.Purescience,leadingtotheconstructionofamicroscope,

（

）.

3.Ascientistinterestedinaddingtoourgeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallhisapproach

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorimply?

5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thestudyofunrelatedsubjects

B.anattempttoexplainnaturalphenomena

C.thestudyofunrelatedfields

D.classifiedknowledge

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Mayleadtoantiscientific,“impure”results

B.necessarilyprecedesappliedscience,leadingtothediscoveryofacell

C.isnotalwaysaspureaswesuppose

D.necessarilyresultsfromappliedscienceandthediscoveryofacell

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.appliedscience

B.agriculturalscience

C.purescience

D.environmentalscience

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Scientistsengagedintheoreticalresearchshouldnotbeblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries.

B.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionsofthemeaningofscience.

C.Inscience,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.

D.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheNatureofScienceandScientists

B.BiologyandtheScientificAge

C.HypothesesandTheories

D.OnDistinguishingFactfromFiction

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).（為了使解釋盡可能簡(jiǎn)單，假設(shè)科學(xué)被定義為分類知識(shí)）可知選D。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段可知，根據(jù)不同的目的，科學(xué)分為純科學(xué)與應(yīng)用科學(xué)。純科學(xué)是為了滿足好奇心，應(yīng)用科學(xué)是將知識(shí)用于特殊目的。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的howeveroneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell（然而，人們應(yīng)該記住，顯微鏡的構(gòu)造必須先于細(xì)胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)）及兩種科學(xué)的定義，可知顯微鏡屬于純科學(xué)，細(xì)胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)屬于應(yīng)用科學(xué)，即純科學(xué)先于應(yīng)用科學(xué)，因此B選項(xiàng)“必然先于應(yīng)用科學(xué)，導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段可知，根據(jù)不同的目的，科學(xué)分為純科學(xué)與應(yīng)用科學(xué)。純科學(xué)是為了滿足好奇心，應(yīng)用科學(xué)是將知識(shí)用于特殊目的。由題干中的“interestedin”可知屬于為了滿足好奇心，因此選C。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries（許多致力于純科學(xué)的科學(xué)家并不為忽視他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的實(shí)際方面而被指責(zé)）可知A選項(xiàng)“從事理論研究的科學(xué)家不應(yīng)被指責(zé)忽略其發(fā)現(xiàn)的實(shí)際方面”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)的目的與定義，以及兩種不同科學(xué)家研究科學(xué)的目的，因此A選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)與科學(xué)家的本質(zhì)”符合題意。

8.單選題

Hewashere（）thestroke.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.on

C.with

D.to

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。onthestroke“準(zhǔn)時(shí)地”。句意：他準(zhǔn)時(shí)到了這里。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Itistruethatasasocialorganizationmovesfromthesimpletothecomplex,sodoestheorganizationthroughwhichiteducatesitschildren.Growthandchangearevitalifeducationistomeetnewneedsanddemands.Inaverysimplesocialorder,itmaysufficetohavetheparentscarryontheeducationoftheirchildren.However,aswillbeshownlaterinmoredetail,suchamethodmaybecomeentirelyuntenable（難維持的）,andspecialindividualsareentrustedwiththetask.Thesemaybehiredprivatelyfirst,butsoonthesocialgroup,thechurch,village,andthelikewillberesponsibleforeducation.Eventually,specialtrainingisrequiredforthosewhodotheteaching,andanagencytocontrolthistrainingisneeded.Thustheinfluenceofthelocalgovernmentunit,suchasthetown,township,andlaterthestateortheprovince,becomesnecessary.Itwasgenerallyconsideredsimplertouseasaunitthealreadyexistinglocalunit.

1.Theclosestrestatementofthefirstsentenceis（）

2.Thewriterwouldprobablyarguefor（）

3.Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhythelocalgovernmentunitbecomesinfluentialisthat（）

4.Theauthorpromisestoexplain（）

5.Wemayinferfromthecontextthatthephrase“thetask”inLine6refersto（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.themorecomplexasocialorganizationbecomes,themorecomplextheeducationalsystembecomes

B.thecomplexityofasocialorganizationdependsonthecomplexityoftheeducationalsystem

C.socialorganizationsaretrulyascomplexastheyneedtobeforeducationalpurposes

D.oursocietymustbecomplexifwewantoureducationsystemtoserveourchildren’seducationalrequirements

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.moreparentalinfluenceineducation

B.aneducationalsystemwhichtakessocialcomplexityintoaccount

C.strictstatecontrolofeducation

D.morespecialtrainingforteachers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.teachersbecometoopowerful

B.enrollmentincreases

C.aneedarisestocontroltheeducationofteachers

D.thechurchorvillagelackstheabilitytooverseeeducation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thenecessityofthelocalgovernmentalunit

B.whyitissimplertousethegovernmenttocontroleducation

C.theresponsibilityofthesocialgroup

D.whyparentsshouldnotteachtheirchildren

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theeducationofchildren

B.thetrainingofteachers

C.thecontrolofeducation

D.theinfluenceofthelocalgovernmentunit

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。原文第一句話的意思是：當(dāng)一個(gè)社會(huì)組織從簡(jiǎn)單走向復(fù)雜時(shí),它教育孩子的組織也會(huì)從簡(jiǎn)單走向復(fù)雜。也就是說社會(huì)組織越復(fù)雜,教育系統(tǒng)就越復(fù)雜。選項(xiàng)A更符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)本文的第一句話可知,作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是社會(huì)復(fù)雜性對(duì)教育的影響,所以教育系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該考慮到社會(huì)復(fù)雜性,選項(xiàng)B符合原文。選項(xiàng)A表述錯(cuò)誤,選項(xiàng)C和D不是作者主要討論的話題。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)本文的倒數(shù)二三句的內(nèi)容“specialtrainingisrequired...becomesnecessary.”那些從事教學(xué)的人需要特殊的培訓(xùn),需要一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)來控制這種培訓(xùn)。因此,地方政府單位的影響是必要的。也就是說地方政府單位具有影響力的原因是需要對(duì)教師的教育進(jìn)行控制。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文的最后一句“Itwasgenerallyconsideredsimplertouseasaunitthealreadyexistinglocalunit.”可以推斷作者接下來應(yīng)該會(huì)解釋：為什么借用當(dāng)?shù)兀ㄕ┑牧α繒?huì)更簡(jiǎn)單。選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文的內(nèi)容,（僅僅由父母來教育孩子）這一方法可能會(huì)難以維持下去,專業(yè)人員將會(huì)處理這一任務(wù)。由此推斷,這個(gè)任務(wù)即上文提到的對(duì)孩子的教育,選項(xiàng)A正確。

10.單選題

Theyearwas1959.Location:thecentralAfricancityofLeopoldville,nowcalledKinshasa,shortlybeforethewavesofviolentrebellionthatfollowedtheliberationoftheBelgianCongo.Aseeminglyhealthymanwalkedintoahospitalclinictogivebloodforawestern-backedstudyofblooddiseases.Hewalkedawayandwasneverheardfromagain.Doctorsanalyzedhissample,frozeitinatesttubeandforgotaboutit.Aquartercenturylater,inthemid-1980s,researchersstudyingthegrowingAIDSepidemictookasecondlookatthebloodanddiscoveredthatitcontainedH.I.V,thevirusthatcausesAIDS.

AndnotjustanyHIV.TheLeopoldvillesampleistheoldestspecimenoftheAIDSviruseverisolatedandmaynowhelpsolvethemysteryofhowandwhenthevirusmadetheleapfromanimals(monkeysorchimpanzees)tohumans,accordingtoareportpublishedlastweekinNature.Dr.DavidHo,directoroftheAaronDiamondAIDSResearchCenterinNewYorkCityandoneofthestudy’sauthors,saysacarefulgeneticanalysisofthesample’sDNApushestheputativeoriginoftheAIDSepidemicbackatleastadecadetotheearly50seventhe40s.

1.Whatisthepassageabout?

2.ThatAIDSspreadtootherplacesbesidesAfrica.TheoriginoftheAIDSepidemicwasthoughttobegininthe（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

4.Accordingtothepassage,themanwhocarriedHIVgavebloodbecausehewantedto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThefactthatHTVandtheAIDSviruswerefirstdiscoveredinAfrica.

B.TherolethatLeopoldville'ssampleplays.

C.ThatLeopoldville'ssamplecontributestosolvingthepuzzleontheoriginofAIDS.

D.ThatAIDSspreadtootherplacesbesidesAfrica

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.1940s

B.1950s

C.1960s

D.mid-1980s

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheAIDSviruscomesfrommonkeysorchimpanzees.

B.TheAIDSviruswasearliestdiscoveredinKinshasa,1959.

C.BeforeLeopoldvillewaschangedintoKinshasainname,itwasacolony.

D.NootherAIDSvirusdiscoveredanywhereelsecanbeolderthantheonediscoveredinLeopoldville.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.infectotherstotakerevengeonthewholesociety

B.earnmoneytosupporthisfamily

C.makeanameforhimself

D.noneoftheabove

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。第一段描述了Leopoldville—位看似健康的男性到醫(yī)院抽血,而后指出長(zhǎng)達(dá)四分之一個(gè)世紀(jì)后，艾滋病研究者從中發(fā)現(xiàn)了艾滋病病毒。而在第二段進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)“并不只是發(fā)現(xiàn)了艾滋病病毒這么簡(jiǎn)單”,之后詳細(xì)介紹了該部分血液中發(fā)現(xiàn)的艾滋病毒的重要意義。因此B項(xiàng)“Leopoldville的樣本所起的作用”比較能概括文章大意。

2.判斷推理題。文章最后一句指出:...saysacarefulgeneticanalysisofthesample'sDNApushestheputativeoriginoftheAIDSepidemicbackatleastadecadetotheearly50seventhe40s(對(duì)該樣本的DNA分析將假定的艾滋病起源時(shí)間往前推了至少十年，至20世紀(jì)50年代，甚至是40年代),由此推斷過去假定的艾滋病起源時(shí)間應(yīng)該是20世紀(jì)60年代。

3.判斷推理題。A:艾滋病毒來源于猴子或者黑猩猩,根據(jù)第二段的“TheLeopoldvillesampleistheoldestspecimenoftheAIDSviruseverisolatedandmaynowhelpsolvethemysteryofhowandwhenthevirusmadetheleapfromanimals(monkeysorchimpanzees)tohumans...(Leopoldville的樣本是最早的艾滋病毒單獨(dú)樣本，有助于解開艾滋病毒從動(dòng)物（猴子或者黑猩猩）傳播到人類的時(shí)間和方式之謎……)”可知A項(xiàng)正確。B:艾滋病毒最早是于1959年在Kinshasa被發(fā)現(xiàn),由第一段中的“Aquartercenturylater,inthemid-1980s,researchersstudyingthegrowingAIDSepidemictookasecondlookatthebloodanddiscoveredthatitcontainedH.I.V.,thevirusthatcausesAIDS(四分之一個(gè)世紀(jì)后，也就是20世紀(jì)80年代中期，艾滋病研究者再次對(duì)該部分血液進(jìn)行研究，從中發(fā)現(xiàn)了體免疫缺乏癥病毒，這是一種導(dǎo)致艾滋病的病毒)”可知B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C:在Leopoldville更名為Kinshasa之前，Leopoldville仍是殖民地,由第一段的“Location:thecentralAfricancityofLeopoldville,nowcalledKinshasa,shortlybeforethewavesofviolentrebellionthatfollowedtheliberationoftheBelgianCongo(地點(diǎn)：在LeopoldvHle的中心城市。就在導(dǎo)致比屬剛果獨(dú)立的暴力反抗浪潮前不久，Leopoldville更名為Kinshasa)”可知C項(xiàng)正確。D:在其他地方?jīng)]有發(fā)現(xiàn)比Leopoldville的樣本更早的艾滋病毒,由第二段的“TheLeopoldvillesampleistheoldestspecimenoftheAIDSviruseverisolated(Leopoldville的樣本是最早的艾滋病毒單獨(dú)樣本)”可知D項(xiàng)正確。故本題選B。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Aseeminglyhealthymanwalkedintoahospitalclinictogivebloodforawestern-backedstudyofblooddiseases.Hewalkedawayandwasneverheardfromagain(應(yīng)一項(xiàng)由西方國家支持的血液疾病研究的需要，一位看似健康的男性到醫(yī)院抽血。然后就離開了，從此再也沒有聽說過他)。A:為了通過感染他人來報(bào)復(fù)社會(huì),B:掙錢養(yǎng)家,C:讓自己成名，均不能通過文章推斷出來。故選D。

11.單選題

Theceremonywill（）assoonastheministerarrives.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complete

B.descend

C.disperse

D.commence

【答案】D

【解析】complete完成；descend下降；disperse分散；commence開始。句意：只要部長(zhǎng)一到,典禮就開始。

12.單選題

Dieting,accordingtoanoldjoke,maynotactuallymakeyoulivelonger,butitsurefeelsthatway.Nevertheless,evidencehasbeenaccumulatingsincethe1930sthatcalorierestriction—reducingananimal’senergyintakebelowitsenergyexpenditure—extendslifespananddelaysthestartofage—relateddiseasesinrats,dogs,fishandmonkeys.Suchresultshaveinspiredthousandsofpeopletoputupwithconstanthungerinthehopeoflivinglonger,healthierlives.Theyhavealsoledtoasearchfordrugsthatmimictheeffectsofcalorierestrictionwithoutthepainofgoingonanactualdiet.

Amidthetrend,itiseasytoforgetthatnoonehasuntilnowshownthatcalorierestrictionworksinhumans.Thatomission,however,changedthismonth,withthepublicationoftheinitialresultsofthefirstsystematicinvestigationintothematter.Thisstudytook48menandwomenandassignedthemrandomlytoeitheracontrolgrouporacalorie—restrictionregime.Thoseinthesecondgroupwererequiredtocuttheircalorieintakeforsixmonthsto75%ofthatneededtomaintaintheirweight.

Thestudyisalandmarkinthehistoryofthefield,becauseitssubjectswereeitherofnormalweightoronlyslightlyoverweight.Previousprojectshaveusedindividualswhowereclinicallyfat,thusconfusingtheunquestionablebenefitstohealthofreducingfatnesswiththepossibleadvantagesofcalorierestrictiontotheotherwisehealthy.

Atamolecularlevel,itsuggeststheseadvantagesarereal.Thoseonrestricteddietsshoweddropsinbodytemperatureandblood—insulinlevels—bothphenomenathathavebeenseeninlong—lived,calorie—restrictedanimals.TheyalsosufferedlessdamagetotheirDNA.

EricRavussin,ofLouisianaStateUniversity,saysthatsuchresultsprovidesupportforthetheorythatcalorierestrictionproducesametabolicadaptationoverandabovethatwhichwouldbeexpectedfromweightlossalone.Nevertheless,suchmetabolicadaptationcouldbethereasonwhycalorierestrictionisassociatedwithlongerlifespaninotheranimals—andthatiscertainlythehopeofthosewho,forthepast15years,havebeensearchingforwaysoftriggeringthatmetabolicadaptationbymeansotherthansemi-starvation