考研考博-英語(yǔ)-華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theyhurriedtothetheatre（）thattheplayhadalreadybegun.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.finding

B.justintime

C.onlytofind

D.rightincase

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。主句使用的是一般過(guò)去式hurried，而后面的句子使用的是過(guò)去完成時(shí)hadbegun，兩者之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折。句意：他們匆忙趕到劇院，……戲已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。onlytodosth表示“出乎意料的結(jié)果”，故選C。

2.單選題

ArewegoingtoseeanendtotheArab-Israelidisagreement?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.disaster

B.controversy

C.confrontation

D.aggression

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)disaster“災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍；不幸”；B選項(xiàng)controversy“辯論”；C選項(xiàng)confrontation“對(duì)抗；對(duì)峙”；D選項(xiàng)aggression“侵略；侵犯；侵害”。句意：我們會(huì)看到阿拉伯和以色列的分歧結(jié)束嗎。A選項(xiàng)disaster（災(zāi)難）不能形容兩個(gè)國(guó)家的分歧。B選項(xiàng)controversy（辯論），可以排除。D選項(xiàng)aggression（侵犯），這里并沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)兩個(gè)國(guó)家的侵略。C選項(xiàng)confrontation（對(duì)峙）最符合題意，由此得知C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopment,ofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.junction

B.paradox

C.premise

D.dilemma

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)junction“連接，接合，樞紐”；B選項(xiàng)paradox“自相矛盾的說(shuō)法”；C選項(xiàng)premise“前提”；D選項(xiàng)dilemma“進(jìn)退兩難的局面”。句意：父母總是_____的選擇：到底是該做他們自己認(rèn)為對(duì)孩子發(fā)展有益的事，還是該容忍孩子任性的吵鬧和破壞。這里表達(dá)的意思是父母面臨兩難的抉擇，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Britainhasthehighest（

）ofroadtrafficintheworld—over60carsforeverymileofroad.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.popularity

B.prosperity

C.intensity

D.density

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞辨析。popularity普遍，流行；prosperity興旺，繁榮；intensity強(qiáng)烈，劇烈；density密集，稠密，密度。根據(jù)后面一句over60carsforeverymileofroad(每英里有60多輛汽車),推測(cè)D項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Variousinnovationshavebeenintroducedaswaystobreakoffoursystemwhichforcesstudentsthroughaseriousofidenticalclassroomsinwhichteachersdomostofthetalkingandstudentshavelittleopportunitytorespond.Amongtheseinnovationsareteamteachingandteachingaides,non-gradedelementaryandsecondaryschools,independentstudy,curriculafocusedonhelpingstudentsdiscoverthingsforthemselvesratherthanontryingtotellthemeverything,andschoolsdesignedformaximumflexibilitysothatstudentscanworkalone,orinsmallgroups,ortakepartinlarge--groupinstructionviadiversemedia.Theaimofalltheseinnovationsistoadaptinstructionmorepreciselytotheneedsofeachindividualstudent.Manypeoplewhohaveastrongdisliketoorganizinginstructionscientificallyandtobringingnewtechnologyintotheschoolsandcollegesfailtorealizethatthepresentsystemisinmanyrespectsmechanicalandrigid.Thevastdifferencesinthewaysstudentslearnaredisregardedwhentheyaretaughtthesamething,inthesameway,atthesametime.Thereisnoescapingtheevidencethatmanystudentsthemselvesfeellittleenthusiasmandevenoutrighthostilityforthepresentwayschoolsandcollegesareorganizedandinstructionishandled.Manyofthemresenttechnology,butwhattheyobjecttoisusuallytechnologyusedasameansforhandlingalargenumberofstudents.Oritisprogrammingwhichmerelyreproducesconventionalclassroomrespondsandlearns,reachingnewplateausfromwhichtoclimbtohigherlevelsofunderstanding.Technologicalmediacanstoreinformationuntilitisneededorwanted.Theycandistributeitoverdistancestoreachthestudentswherehehappenstobe.Theycanpresenttheinformationtothestudentthroughvarioussenses.Theycangivethestudenttheopportunitytoreacttothematerialinmanyways.Inshort,thestudents’opportunitiesforlearningcanbeincreasedandenhancedbyusingawiderangeofinstructionaltechnology.Alltheavailableresourcesforinstruction,includingtheteachers,canworktogethertocreateconditionsformaximumeffectivelearning.

1.Theauthorismainlyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthearticlethatagoodeducationalsystemmust（

）.

3.Thenegativereactionsofstudentstotechnologyaretheresultof

（

）.

4.Allofthefollowingarementionedasacapabilityaretheresultof

（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.providingthepossibilityforstudentstotakethecoursestheywant

B.makingtechnologyanactivetoolintheschool

C.relievingtheteacherfromroutineduties

D.meetingtheneedsofeachstudent

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.notdependonteachers

B.makeuseofvaryingmethodsofteaching

C.placearenewedemphasisonscience

D.notorganizetheirinstruction

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.unknownfactors

B.ageneralhostilitytowardeducation

C.itsmisuse

D.itsnewnessintheschools

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.makeiteasierforstudentstoobtainneededinformation

B.providemanywaysofteachingthesamething

C.makelearningeasyandfun

D.providestudentswithenrollmentexam

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)原文第三句“Theaimofalltheseinnovationsistoadaptinstructionmorepreciselytotheneedsofeachindividualstudent.所有這些創(chuàng)新的目的是調(diào)整教學(xué)使之更加精確來(lái)適應(yīng)每個(gè)學(xué)生的需要?！庇纱丝芍?，作者最關(guān)心的是滿足每個(gè)學(xué)生的需求。選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一句“Alltheavailableresourcesforinstruction,includingtheteachers,canworktogethertocreateconditionsformaximumeffectivelearning.所有可用的教學(xué)資源，包括教師，可以共同努力，為最大限度地有效學(xué)習(xí)創(chuàng)造條件?！庇纱丝赏茰y(cè)，選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第七句“Manyofthemresenttechnology,butwhattheyobjecttoisusuallytechnologyusedasameansforhandlingalargenumberofstudents.他們（學(xué)生）中的許多人討厭技術(shù)，但他們反對(duì)的通常是技術(shù)被用作處理大量學(xué)生的手段?！币簿褪钦f(shuō)，大多數(shù)學(xué)生反對(duì)技術(shù)是因?yàn)榧夹g(shù)被錯(cuò)誤的使用，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文后半部分“Theycanpresenttheinformationtothestudentthroughvarioussenses.Theycangivethestudenttheopportunitytoreacttothematerialinmanyways.Inshort,thestudents’opportunitiesforlearningcanbeincreasedandenhancedbyusingawiderangeofinstructionaltechnology.它們（技術(shù)）可以通過(guò)各種判斷把信息呈現(xiàn)給學(xué)生。它們可以給學(xué)生機(jī)會(huì)，以多種方式對(duì)事物作出反應(yīng)?？傊?，學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)可以通過(guò)使用廣泛的教學(xué)技術(shù)來(lái)增加和提高。”由此可知，只有選項(xiàng)D沒(méi)有提及，所以本題選D。

6.單選題

Theyoungwomanwassobeautifulthatshe______everyotherwomanattheball.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.belittled

B.foiled

C.offset

D.eclipsed

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.belittled貶低；小看B.foiled挫??；阻止

C.offset抵消；彌補(bǔ)D.eclipsed使失色；黯然失色

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)so…that可知，此處是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)前半句句意“那位年輕女子是如此漂亮”可推知，she______everyotherwoman是指“她令其他女子黯然失色”，故該題選擇D項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)都不符合句意。

【句意】那位年輕女子太漂亮了，使舞會(huì)上的其他婦女黯然失色。

7.單選題

Accordingtothenewtaxlaw,anymoneyearnedoverthatlevelistaxedatthe（

）of59percent.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ratio

B.percentage

C.proportion

D.rate

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。句意:根據(jù)新稅法，任何賺得的收入都需要按照百分之五十九的比例收稅。

attherateof按照...的比例。

8.翻譯題

Incomparisonwiththehumanworldofpasttimes,ourworldishighlycomplex.Becauseofitshighlydevelopedcommunications,eventsineverypartoftheglobeandofhumansocietyarecloselyinterconnected.Therearenoisolateddisastersandthereisnoprogressthatdoesnothelptheprogressofall.

Thissituationisreflectedinthemindsofmen.Thecontentsofmen'smindshavealsobecomeworldwideinscopeandcomplexity.Itisnotenoughforaman,seekingthewelfareofhisownpeopleandcountry,toconsiderhisdomesticsituationinrelationtohisimmediateneighbors.Worldtrendsencompasseveryoneofus,anditisbyparticipatinginthemandcontributinginthemthatweinfluenceourownfuture.Thehighesttaskbeforemen'smindstodayistounderstand,tofightagainsttheforcesofregressionanddeath,tostrengthenandconvertintorealitythepossibilitywhichourworldoffers,asnopreviousworldhasoffered,forafullerlifeforallmen.

【答案】和過(guò)去的人類世界相比，我們今天的世界太復(fù)雜了。由于通訊高度發(fā)達(dá)，地球上每一個(gè)角落和人類社會(huì)的各個(gè)部分發(fā)生的事情都緊密相連。沒(méi)有與世隔絕的荒原，也沒(méi)有哪一項(xiàng)進(jìn)步不有益于全世界的進(jìn)步。

這種情況反應(yīng)到人的頭腦中。人們思維的內(nèi)容就其視野及復(fù)雜性來(lái)說(shuō)也涉及世界范圍。對(duì)于為自己的人民和國(guó)家謀福利的人來(lái)說(shuō)，只把本國(guó)情況對(duì)照四周的近鄰加以考慮是不夠的。世界的潮流席卷著我們當(dāng)中的每一個(gè)人，參加到這個(gè)潮流中并為之出一份力量，我們正是以這樣的方式影響著我們自己的未來(lái)。人們思維所面臨的最崇高任務(wù)，是以認(rèn)識(shí)退化和死亡并與之斗爭(zhēng)，加強(qiáng)以前世界未能提供、而我們今天的世界提供了的可能性并使之變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)，以使所有人的生活內(nèi)容更加豐富。

9.單選題

Therewere150_____attheinternationalconferencethissummer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.spectators

B.viewers

C.participants

D.onlookers

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析。spectator觀眾，旁觀者；viewer觀察者，觀看者；participant參與者；onlooker旁觀者，觀眾。句意：今年夏季的國(guó)際會(huì)議有150名與會(huì)者。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

10.單選題

AllthenewknowledgewhichDr.Smithhasexplainedandprovidedisatlengthdevelopedandestablished.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.surely

B.eventually

C.precisely

D.consequently

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)surely“當(dāng)然；無(wú)疑；堅(jiān)定地；穩(wěn)當(dāng)?shù)亍保籅選項(xiàng)eventually“最后，終于”；C選項(xiàng)precisely“精確地；恰恰”；D選項(xiàng)consequently“因此；結(jié)果；所以”。句意：史密斯博士解釋并提供的新知識(shí)最終得到了發(fā)展和確立。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞atlength“終究；終歸；最終”，得知B為正確答案。

11.單選題

Withprice（）somuch,it’shardforthecompanytoplanabudget.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fluctuating

B.waving

C.swinging

D.vibrating

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。fluctuate“使波動(dòng)，使動(dòng)搖，漲落”；wave“揮手，揮舞”；swing“搖擺，旋轉(zhuǎn)”；vibrate“使振動(dòng)，使顫動(dòng)”。句意：由于價(jià)格波動(dòng)大，所以這家公司很難做出預(yù)算計(jì)劃。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassageintoChinese

Itiswellthatyoungmenshouldbeginatthebeginningandoccupythemostsubordinatepositions.ManyoftheleadingbusinessmenofPittsburghhadaseriousresponsibilitythrustuponthemattheverythresholdoftheircareer.Theywereintroducedtothebroom,andspentthefirsthoursoftheirbusinesslivessweepingouttheoffice.Inoticewehavejanitorsandjanitressesnowinoffices,andouryoungmenunfortunatelymissthatsalutarybranchofbusinesseducation.Butifbychancetheprofessionalsweeperisabsentanymorning,theboywhohasthegeniusofthefuturepartnerinhimwillnothesitatetotryhishandatthebroom.ItdoesnothurtthenewestcomertosweepouttheofficeifnecessaryIwasoneofthosesweepersmyself.

【答案】年輕人從頭做起，擔(dān)任基層職位，這是件好事。匹茲堡很多有名望的商人在創(chuàng)業(yè)之初都身負(fù)重任。他們拿過(guò)掃把，最初都是清掃辦公室。我注意到我們辦公室清潔工人，這使得我們的年輕人不幸失去了一個(gè)受良好商業(yè)教訓(xùn)的機(jī)會(huì)。但是如果某天早晨碰巧那位清潔工人沒(méi)有來(lái)，某位用于未來(lái)合伙人氣質(zhì)的年輕人會(huì)毫不猶豫地拿起掃把。如果有必要，新來(lái)的員工在辦公室打掃并沒(méi)有什么損失。我就一度自己打掃過(guò)。

13.單選題

Lifeisfullofperils,butthewisemanignoresthosethatare______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ineluctable

B.inevitable

C.unessential

D.unforgettable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)ineluctable“不可避免的；無(wú)法逃避的”；B選項(xiàng)inevitable“必然的；無(wú)法避免的”；C選項(xiàng)unessential“非本質(zhì)的”；D選項(xiàng)unforgettable“難忘的”。句意：生活充滿了危險(xiǎn)，但聰明的人會(huì)忽略這些……危險(xiǎn)?！癷neluctable”和“inevitable”都有“無(wú)法避免”意思，但是“inevitable”所形容的事件存在著必然性。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Amanwhocannotwinhonorinhisownagewillhaveaverysmallchanceofwinningitfrom（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.posterity

B.immigrants

C.critics

D.improvisation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)posterity“子孫；后裔”；B選項(xiàng)immigrant“移民”；C選項(xiàng)critics“評(píng)論家；批評(píng)者”；D選項(xiàng)improvisation“即興創(chuàng)作；即席演奏”。句意：一個(gè)在他這個(gè)年齡不能贏得榮譽(yù)的人，從······獲得榮譽(yù)的機(jī)會(huì)很小。前半句提到“他這個(gè)年齡”，因此空格處出詞語(yǔ)應(yīng)與“時(shí)間、年齡相關(guān)”。綜合句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

15.單選題

Thebankrefusedto（）himanymoney,sohehadtopostponebuyingahouse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.credit

B.borrow

C.loan

D.lease

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。credit“信任，把…歸給”；borrow“借”；loan“貸款，借款”；lease“出租，租用”。句意：這個(gè)銀行拒絕貸款給他，所以他不得不推遲買(mǎi)房子。C項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

Theaccuracyofscientificobservationsandcalculationsisalwaysatthemercyofthescientist'stimekeepingmethods.Forthisreasonscientistsareinterestedindevicesthatgivepromiseofmoreprecisetimekeeping.

Intheirsearchforprecision,scientistshaveturnedtoatomicclocksthatdependonvariousvibratingatomsormoleculestosupplytheir“ticking”.Thisispossiblebecauseeachkindofatomormoleculehasitsowncharacteristicrateofvibration.Thenitrogenatominammonia,forexample:vibratesor“ticks”24billiontimesasecond.

Onesuchatomicclockissoaccuratethatitwillprobablylosenomorethanasecondin3000years.Itwillbeofgreatimportanceinfieldssuchasastronomicalobservationandlong-rangenavigation.TheheartofthisAtomichronisacesiumatomthat-vibrates9.2billiontimesasecondwhenheatedtothetemperatureofboilingwater.

AnatomicclockthatoperateswithanammoniamoleculemaybeusedtochecktheaccuracyofpredictionsbasedonEinstein’srelativitytheories,accordingtowhichaclockinmotionandaclockatrestshouldkeeptimedifferently.Placedinanorbitingsatellitemovingataspeedof18,000milesanhour,theclockcouldbroadcastitstimereadingtoagroundstation,wheretheywouldbecomparedwiththereadingsonasimilarmodel.Whateverdifferencesdevelopedwouldbecheckedagainstthedifferencespredicted.

1.Scientistsexpectthattheatomicclockwillbe（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

3.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

4.Theword“vibration”inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.absolutelyaccurate

B.moreprecise.

C.heat-resistant

D.differentinvibration

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Temperaturechangesaffectthevibrationrateofammoniamolecules.

B.Therateofvibrationofanatomdoesnotvary.

C.Einstein’srelativitytheoriesarebasedonthevibrationofatoms.

D.Temperaturechangesmayaffectthespeedatwhichatomstravel.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.precisetimekeepingisnotpossibleatall

B.scientistsexpecttodisproveEinstein'srelativitytheories

C.atomicclockswillbeimportantinspaceflight

D.clockinmotionandadockatrestkeeptimedifferently.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.pulse

B.precision

C.movement

D.accuracy

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Peacetimeuseoftheatoms

B.Atomsandmolecules

C.Thesatellitetimekeepers

D.Theroleoftheclockintheastronomy

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段“Intheirsearchforprecision,scientistshaveturnedtoatomicclocksthatdependonvariousvibratingatomsormoleculestosupplytheir‘ticking’.”，中文翻譯為：在追求精確性過(guò)程中，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)向于原子鐘，它依賴于各種振動(dòng)的原子或分子，以提供它們的“滴答聲”。綜合可知，B選項(xiàng)符合題意，科學(xué)家們希望原子鐘更加準(zhǔn)確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段中“TheheartofthisAtomichronisacesiumatomthatvibrates9.2billiontimesasecondwhenheatedtothetemperatureofboilingwater.”，中文翻譯為：這個(gè)原子鐘的中心是一個(gè)銫原子，當(dāng)加熱到沸水的溫度時(shí)，它每秒振動(dòng)92億次。因此，A項(xiàng)“溫度變化影響氨分子的振動(dòng)速率”正確。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章尾段“Placedinanorbitingsatellitemovingataspeedof18,000milesanhour,theclockcouldbroadcastitstimereadingtoagroundstation,wheretheywouldbecomparedwiththereadingsonasimilarmodel.”，中文翻譯為：在以每小時(shí)18000英里的速度運(yùn)行的軌道衛(wèi)星中，時(shí)鐘可以將其時(shí)間讀數(shù)廣播到地面站，并在地面站與類似模型上的讀數(shù)進(jìn)行比較?？梢酝茰y(cè)出C選項(xiàng)“原子鐘在太空飛行中將起重要作用”。

4.詞義猜測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“vibration”可以定位到文中“Thisispossiblebecauseeachkindofatomormoleculehasitsowncharacteristicrateofvibration.”，中文翻譯為：這是可能的，因?yàn)槊糠N原子或分子都有其特有的……速率。以及“Thenitrogenatominammonia,forexample:vibratesor‘ticks’24billiontimesasecond.”，中文翻譯為：例如，氨中的氮原子每秒……或“滴答”240億次?？梢缘弥狝選項(xiàng)“振動(dòng)”正確。

5.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知文中主要介紹原子鐘的計(jì)時(shí)精確度、特性和相關(guān)原理，以及它在天文領(lǐng)域的一些應(yīng)用。推測(cè)出A選項(xiàng)“和平時(shí)期原子的使用”正確。

17.單選題

Thereareseveral______betweentheoriginalestimatesofthecostandtheactualbills.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exaggerations

B.discrepancies

C.breakthroughs

D.compliances

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exaggeration“夸張；夸大之詞；夸張的手法”；B選項(xiàng)discrepancy“不符；矛盾；相差”；C選項(xiàng)breakthrough“突破；突破性進(jìn)展”；D選項(xiàng)compliance“順從，服從；符合；屈從；可塑性”。句意：費(fèi)用的原始估計(jì)和實(shí)際賬單之間有幾處不一致。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Thefinalrecommendationwasthattheemployeeonprobation（

）aspecialnightclassforonesemester.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attend

B.hasattended

C.attends

D.attended

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示“建議、要求、命令”等意思的詞相關(guān)的從句謂語(yǔ)部分要用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略，因此選A。

句意：最終的建議是試用期雇員一個(gè)學(xué)期參見(jiàn)一次特殊夜校學(xué)習(xí)。

19.單選題

Icanthinkofnothingmore（

）thanarrivingatthetheateranddiscoveringthatIhavelefttheticketsathome.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vicious

B.inviting

C.vexatious

D.immoral

【答案】C

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。vicious“惡毒的，惡意的”；inviting“吸引人的，誘人的”；vexatious“令人煩惱的，讓人生氣的”；immoral“不道德的，邪惡的”。句意：我想不出有什么事比到了電影院卻發(fā)現(xiàn)把電影票落在家里更令人煩惱。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

20.單選題

（）authoritiesallowaboutonetontoeachfootoflength.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tocalculatetheweightofanaverageadultwhale

B.Theycalculatetheweightofanaverageadultwhale

C.Inthecalculationtheweightofanaverageadultwhale

D.Eventhoughtheycalculatetheweightofanaverageadultwhale

【答案】A

【解析】考查句型結(jié)構(gòu)辨析。A選項(xiàng)“Tocalculatetheweightofanaverageadultwhale”（來(lái)計(jì)算一頭普通成年鯨魚(yú)的重量），表示因果關(guān)系，符合句型結(jié)構(gòu)，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“Theycalculatetheweightofanaverageadultwhale”（他們計(jì)算了一頭普通成年鯨魚(yú)的重量），they代指前面的內(nèi)容，因此可排除。C選項(xiàng)“Inthecalculationtheweightofanaverageadultwhale”（在計(jì)算一頭普通成年鯨的重量時(shí)），不符合題意，可排除。D選項(xiàng)與B選項(xiàng)同理。句意：……當(dāng)局允許每英尺長(zhǎng)約一噸。因此答案為A選項(xiàng)。

21.單選題

TheNuttyProfessorwaswrittenoffas（）,butinactuality,hewasasmartman!

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.complicity

B.effigy

C.inane

D.diatribe

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)complicity“共謀；串通；共犯關(guān)系”；B選項(xiàng)effigy“雕像；肖像”；C選項(xiàng)inane“空洞的；愚蠢的”；D選項(xiàng)diatribe“誹謗；惡罵”。句意：肥佬教授被描寫(xiě)成愚蠢的，但是在現(xiàn)實(shí)中他卻是一個(gè)聰明的人。結(jié)合句意可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Theirmindsandbodiesworkfasterthanmost（

）races,makingthemseemrestlessorhyperactive.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sapient

B.clever

C.smart

D.brave

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sapient聰明的，有智慧的；clever機(jī)靈的；smart敏捷的；brave勇敢的。句意：他們的心智與身體比大部分智人種類運(yùn)作的還快，使他們顯得有些性急或亢奮。只有A項(xiàng)符合句意。Sapientrace指“智人種類“

23.單選題

Theprospectofincreasedpriceshasalready（）worries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.provoked

B.irritated

C.inspired

D.hoisted

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)provoke“引起，挑起，煽動(dòng)”，B項(xiàng)irritate“使興奮，激怒”，C項(xiàng)inspire“激發(fā)，鼓舞”，D項(xiàng)hoist“升起，舉起”。根據(jù)空格前后關(guān)鍵詞prospectofincreasedprices（價(jià)格上升的前景）和worries（擔(dān)憂）可知，空格部分表示“引起”。句意：價(jià)格上漲的前景已經(jīng)引發(fā)了擔(dān)憂。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

Itwasclearthatthestorm（）hisarrivalbytwohours.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.retarded

B.retired

C.refrained

D.retreated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)retarded“延遲，阻止，妨礙”；B選項(xiàng)retired“退休，撤退，退卻”；C選項(xiàng)refrained“節(jié)制，克制”；D選項(xiàng)retreated“撤退，退避”。句意：很明顯，暴風(fēng)雨使他（）了兩個(gè)小時(shí)到達(dá)。本句表示的是“暴風(fēng)雨使他晚到了兩小時(shí)”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

25.單選題

Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,andisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledtheSecondIndustrialRevolution.

Labor’sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyaboutitseffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnologicalchangeisfutile.Inthelongrun,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Unquestionably,however,therewillbemajorshiftsinjobswithinplantsanddisplacementoflaborfromoneindustrytoanother.Theinterestoflaborliesinbringingaboutthistransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.

Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitsplans.ItisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinSUBplanhasadirectfinancialstakeinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongincentiveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibledisruptioninjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlylaidoffworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaoftheimprovementfactor,whichcallsforwageincreasebasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itisprobable,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.

1.Welearnfromparagraph1thatautomationwillprobablyleadto（

）.

2.Laborhastheopinionthat（

）.

3.Whatistherelationbetweenautomationandemploymentintheopinionoflabor?

4.Theunionstressesthat（

）.

5.Howmanynewpoliciesoftheunionshavebeenlistedinthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.industrialexpansion

B.anincreaseinemployment

C.displacementoflaborfromoneindustrytoanother

D.anincreaseinunemployment

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.alleffortsmustbemadetopreventautomation

B.automationwillcauseariseinconsumercosts

C.itsmaininterestliesinincreasingallwages

D.technologicalchangecannotbestopped

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Automationwilldefinitelyleadstomoreunemployment.

B.Fromalong-termpointofviewautomationwillbringaboutmorejobs.

C.Automationwillnotcausemuchchangeinemployment.

D.Sooneroflaterautomationwilldoalltheworkinsteadofman.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.workersshouldalsoenjoythefruitsbroughtaboutbyautomation

B.noworkersshouldbefiredinthedevelopmentofautomation

C.itisnecessarytoslowdownthedevelopmentofautomation

D.workersshouldbepaidaccordingtotheirlengthofservice

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.1

B.2

C.3

D.4

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“自動(dòng)化減少了生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的人為因素，包括精神和身體上的因素，旨在使這樣一種情況成為可能——用更少的工人生產(chǎn)更多的產(chǎn)品?！庇纱丝赏茢啵と藴p少會(huì)導(dǎo)致失業(yè)率上升，所以這就是自動(dòng)化所導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnologicalchangeisfutile.”總的來(lái)說(shuō)，勞動(dòng)者們認(rèn)為抵制技術(shù)變革是徒勞的。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“Inthelongrun,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.”從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，自動(dòng)化的結(jié)果很可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致就業(yè)的增加，因?yàn)樵谥圃?、維護(hù)和維修自動(dòng)化設(shè)備領(lǐng)域?qū)?huì)出現(xiàn)大量的行業(yè)。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.”工會(huì)發(fā)言人強(qiáng)調(diào)，自動(dòng)化帶來(lái)產(chǎn)量增加和成本降低的好處，應(yīng)該通過(guò)提高工資、增加休閑時(shí)間和提高生活水平的形式，讓工人們共享。也就是說(shuō)，工人也應(yīng)該享受自動(dòng)化帶來(lái)的好處。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“newpolicies”定位到最后一段“Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseis...Anotherapproachis...”為了在自動(dòng)化時(shí)代保護(hù)工會(huì)成員的利益，工會(huì)采取了一系列新政策。其中之一是……另一種方法是……。由此可知是個(gè)政策，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

26.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

DuringthepastfourdecadesthefisheryscientistsoftheWesthavestudiedthedynamicsoffishpopulationswiththeobjectiveofdeterminingtherelationbetweentheamountoffishingandthesustainablecatch.

Clearly,sciencemayinvolvenotonlycarefulobservationbutalsoawillingnesstobecreative;thismayentaillookingbeyondexistingparadigmsgoverningresearchinagivenareaofstudy.

Practitionersexplicitlyinterpretwhattheyobserve,andoftencategorizetheirdataafterthedatacollectionprocessiscompleteandfromtheperspectivesofthepeopletheyobserving.

Thesubjectofsocialscienceinquiryispatternedsocialregularities.Asearchfortheseregularitiesshowsthatmosthumanbehavior,frombigandmomentousactstosmallandinsignificantones,ispatterned.

WallStreetislivingonborrowedtime.SincetheOctober1987crashsecuritiestradinghasbeendepressed,retailinvestorshavehurriedoutofstocksandtheissueofnewsharestockshasbeendecreasedsharply.

Infact,thecollationoftheselistshasbeenenoughtopulldownourvanity;forthemoreonelooksatwhatisavailableinanunfamiliarfield,themoreurgent,thedesireonefeelstoabandontheaffectationsoftheeditorandassumethemodestythestudent.

Ofalltheareasoflearning,themostimportantisthedevelopmentofattitudes.Emotionalreactionsaswellaslogicalthoughtprocessesaffectthebehaviorofmostpeople.

Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditions,customsbeliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.Inthissense,everygrouphasaculture,howeversavage,undeveloped,oruncivilizeditmayseemtous.

Ifweaccepttheideathatwewon'teverfullyknowanotherperson,itenablesustodealmoreeasilywiththosethingsthatgetinthewayofaccurateknowledgesuchassecretsanddeceptions.

Whilepopulationswerelowandstablelittlepermanentdamagewasdone,butwithasteadyincreaseinthesizeandnumberofhumancommunitiestheforestandsoilhavelittletimetorecover.

【答案】在過(guò)去的四十年里，西方漁業(yè)科學(xué)家研究了魚(yú)類種群的動(dòng)態(tài)，目的是確定漁獲量與魚(yú)類數(shù)量之間的關(guān)系。

顯然，科學(xué)不僅包括仔細(xì)觀察，而且還要樂(lè)于創(chuàng)新；這可能需要超越現(xiàn)有的在某一特定領(lǐng)域管理研究的模式。

從業(yè)者明確解釋他們所觀察到的內(nèi)容，并且通常在數(shù)據(jù)收集過(guò)程完成后，從他們觀察到的人的角度對(duì)他們的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分類。

社會(huì)科學(xué)探究的對(duì)象是模式化的社會(huì)常規(guī)。對(duì)這些常規(guī)的調(diào)查顯示了大多數(shù)人類的行為都是模式化的，從重大的行為到微小的行為。

華爾街以借來(lái)的時(shí)間為生。自從1987年10月的證券市場(chǎng)崩潰以來(lái)，散戶投資者紛紛撤出股票，新股發(fā)行大幅減少。

事實(shí)上，對(duì)這些清單的整理已經(jīng)足夠消除我們的虛榮心了。因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)人越多地看一個(gè)陌生領(lǐng)域中的東西，他就越迫切地想要放棄的編輯的裝模作樣，并承擔(dān)起學(xué)生的謙遜。

在所有學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域中，最重要的是培養(yǎng)態(tài)度。情感反應(yīng)和邏輯思維過(guò)程影響著大多數(shù)人的行為。

文化是一個(gè)特定群體的所有傳統(tǒng)、習(xí)俗、信仰和生活方式的總和。從這個(gè)意義上說(shuō)，每一個(gè)群體都有一種文化，無(wú)論在我們看來(lái)它是野蠻的、不發(fā)達(dá)的還是不文明的。

如果我們接受我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)完全了解另一個(gè)人的想法，它使我們能夠更容易地處理如秘密和欺騙那些阻礙我們獲得準(zhǔn)確信息的事物。

雖然過(guò)去人口少且穩(wěn)定，可造成的永久性損害很少，但隨著人類社區(qū)規(guī)模和數(shù)量的穩(wěn)步增加森林和土壤幾乎沒(méi)有時(shí)間恢復(fù)。

27.單選題

Whenthefarmersvisitedthecityforthefirsttime,theywere_____byitscomplicatedtrafficsystem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.precluded

B.bewildered

C.diverted

D.expired

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)preclude“排出，消除，妨礙”；B選項(xiàng)bewilder“使迷惑”；C選項(xiàng)divert“使轉(zhuǎn)移”；D選項(xiàng)expire“期滿”。根據(jù)thefirsttime和complicatedtrafficsystem可知B選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)義。句意：當(dāng)農(nóng)民們第一次參觀這座城市時(shí)，他們被它復(fù)雜的交通系統(tǒng)弄糊涂了。

28.單選題

Peoplewhohavesuchanaddictionare______;i.e.,theyhaveaverypowerfulpsychologicalneedthattheyfeeltheymustsatisfy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compulsory

B.compulsive

C.comprehensive

D.consistent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)compulsory“（因法律或規(guī)則而）被強(qiáng)制的，義務(wù)的，必修的”，B項(xiàng)compulsive“強(qiáng)制的，強(qiáng)迫的，禁不住的”，指行為很難控制，C項(xiàng)comprehensive“綜合的，廣泛的，有理解力的”，D項(xiàng)consistent“始終如一的，一致的，堅(jiān)持的”。由addiction“癮，嗜好”可知，compulsive符合語(yǔ)境。句意：有這種癖好的人是強(qiáng)迫性的；也就是說(shuō)，他們有一種非常強(qiáng)烈的心理需求，他們覺(jué)得必須要滿足這種需求。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

29.單選題

Thesheerdiversityoftropicalplantsrepresentsaseemingly（）sourceofrawmaterials,ofwhichonlyafewhavebeenutilized.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exploited

B.controversial

C.inexhaustible

D.remarkable

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。exploited“被利用的”；controversial“有爭(zhēng)議的”；inexhaustible“無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的”；remarkable“卓越的，非凡的”。句意：熱帶植物的多樣性代表了似乎用之不竭的原材料，其中只有少部分被利用了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

30.單選題

Medicalstudentlearntodistinguish“acute”,whichmeanssomethingofrecentonset,form“chronic”whichmeansaconditionthatwillprobablycontinuefora（）periodoftime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gloomy

B.temporary

C.tough

D.substantial

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)gloomy“黑暗的，沮喪的，陰郁的”；B選項(xiàng)temporary“暫時(shí)的，臨時(shí)的”；C選項(xiàng)tough“艱苦的，困難的”；D選項(xiàng)substantial“大量的，實(shí)質(zhì)的”。句意：醫(yī)科學(xué)生要學(xué)會(huì)區(qū)分“急性”（指近期發(fā)?。┖汀奥浴保ㄖ缚赡艹掷m(xù)_____一段時(shí)間的病情）。跟前一句對(duì)比，可以推斷這里表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是“大量的時(shí)間（很長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間）”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

31.單選題

TheclimateofEarthischanging.Climatologistsareconfidentthatoverthepastcentury,theglobalaveragesurfacetemperaturehasincreasedbyabouthalfadegreeCelsius.Thiswarmingisthoughttobeatleastpartlytheresultofhumanactivities,suchastheburningoffossilfuelsandtheclearingofforestsforagriculture.Astheglobalpopulationgrowsandnationaleconomiesexpand,theglobalaveragetemperatureisexpectedtocontinueincreasingbyanadditional1.0to3.5℃bytheyear2100.

Climatechangeisoneofthemostimportantenvironmentalissuesfacinghumankind.Understandingthepotentialimpactsofclimatechangefornaturalecosystemsisessentialifwearegoingtomanageourenvironmenttominimizethenegativeconsequencesofclimatechangeandmaximizetheopportunitiesthatitmayoffer.Becausenaturalecosystemsarecomplex,nonlinearsystems,itfollowsthattheirresponsestoclimatechangearelikelytobecomplex.Climatechangemayaffectnaturalecosystemsinavarietyofways.Intheshortterm,climatechangecanalterthemixofplantspeciesinlandecosystemssuchasgrasslands.Inthelongterm,climatechangehasthepotentialtodramaticallyalterthegeographicdistributionofmajorvegetationtypes—savannas,forests,andtundra.C